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Yamaner Ç, Sürücü N. Assessment of the Microbiological Quality and Effect of Public Health of Ready-to-Eat Salad Samples in Isparta. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38597592 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2024.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. are among the microorganisms causing important foodborne outbreaks. In this study, it was tried to determine the presence and rate of Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. in salad samples collected from certain regions of province of Isparta in Türkiye. A total of 50 salad samples were analyzed. Classical culture technique was used for microbiological analysis of salad samples. Suspected isolates obtained were identified using the VITEK-2 system. Although no negative visual changes were observed in the salad samples used in the study, it was determined that the number of Gram-negative microorganisms was very high and six salad samples were not suitable for public health. In 50 salad samples, 2% Salmonella and 4% Citrobacter freundii were detected. In addition, it was determined that the Salmonella strain isolated from the salad sample was resistant to three different antibiotics and Citrobacter was resistant to two different antibiotics. Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. are considered very dangerous to public health because they are associated with foodborne outbreaks and can develop antibiotic resistance very quickly. Salad producers should try to reduce the possibility of microbial contamination by using different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Yamaner
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Nur Sürücü
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey
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2
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Jiang X, Long J, Song Y, Qi X, Li P, Pan K, Yan C, Xu H, Liu H. The effect of triclosan on intergeneric horizontal transmission of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance gene tet(X4) from Citrobacter freundii isolated from grass carp gut. Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123658. [PMID: 38432343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pathogenic bacteria affects culture animal health, endangers food safety, and thus gravely threatens public health. However, information about the effect of disinfectants - triclosan (TCS) on ARGs dissemination of bacterial pathogens in aquatic animals is still limited. One Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) strain harboring tet(X4)-resistant plasmid was isolated from farmed grass carp guts, and subsequently conjugative transfer frequency from C. freundii to Escherichia coli C600 (E. coli C600) was analyzed under different mating time, temperature, and ratio. The effect of different concentrations of TCS (0.02, 0.2, 2, 20, 200 and 2000 μg/L) on the conjugative transfer was detected. The optimum conditions for conjugative transfer were at 37 °C for 8h with mating ratio of 2:1 or 1:1 (C. freundii: E. coli C600). The conjugative transfer frequency was significantly promoted under TCS treatment and reached the maximum value under 2.00 μg/L TCS with 18.39 times that of the control group. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, cell membrane permeability of C. freundii and E. coli C600 were obviously increased under TCS stress. Scanning electron microscope showed that the cell membrane surface of the conjugative strains was wrinkled and pitted, even broken at 2.00 μg/L TCS, while lysed or even ruptured at 200.00 μg/L TCS. In addition, TCS up-regulated expression levels of oxidative stress genes (katE, hemF, bcp, hemA, katG, ahpF, and ahpC) and cell membrane-related genes (fimC, bamE and ompA) of donor and recipient bacteria. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment demonstrated significant changes in categories relevant to pilus, porin activity, transmembrane transporter activity, transferase activity, hydrolase activity, material transport and metabolism. Taken together, a tet(X4)-resistant plasmid could horizontal transmission among different pathogens, while TCS can promote the propagation of the resistant plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingfei Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhen Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Li
- Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Kuiquan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzhou Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Shin JH, Shin D, Kwon KT, Ko KS. Colistin heteroresistance in Citrobacter freundii clinical isolates from Republic of Korea. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116187. [PMID: 38340485 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We investigated colistin heteroresistance in Citrobacter freundii isolates from Korean hospitals. Using population analysis profiling (PAP), we detected colistin heteroresistance in 31.3% of isolates. Among these, ST217 was the most prevalent clone (58.5%), particularly within colistin-heteroresistant isolates (80.0%). Interestingly, the second most common clone, ST248, was not found in heteroresistant isolates. We identified amino acid changes in PhoQ, PmrA, and PmrB, along with mRNA overexpression in pmrB and arnD. Colistin monotherapy showed no efficacy, but a combination of colistin and ciprofloxacin successfully eradicated all five isolates, even at 0.5 × minimum inhibitory concentrations. This study underscores the high prevalence of colistin heteroresistance in C. freundii isolates, limiting the effectiveness of colistin monotherapy. Combining colistin with ciprofloxacin may offer a viable treatment option for C. freundii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Ko
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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Liu J, Pan Y, Jin S, Zheng Y, Xu J, Fan H, Khalid M, Wang Y, Hu M. Effects of Citrobacter freundii on sturgeon: Insights from skin mucosal immunology and microbiota. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 149:109527. [PMID: 38561068 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Skin mucus analysis has recently been used as a non-invasive method to evaluate for fish welfare. The present research study was conducted to examine the skin mucosal immunity and skin microbiota profiles of sturgeons infected with Citrobacter freundii. Our histology results showed that the thickness of the epidermal layer of skin remained thinner, and the number of mucous cells was significantly decreased in sturgeons after infection (p < 0.05). Total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, superoxide dismutase, and creatine kinase levels in the mucus showed biphasic pattern (decrease and then increase). Lactate dehydrogenase, lysozyme, and acid phosphatase activities in the mucus showed an increasing trend after infection. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing also revealed that C. freundii infection also affected the diversity and community structure of the skin mucus microbiota. An increase in microbial diversity (p > 0.05) and a decrease in microbial abundance (p < 0.05) after infection were noted. The predominant bacterial phyla in the skin mucus were Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Specifically, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria increased after infection. The predominant bacterial genera in the skin mucus were Cetobacterium, Pelomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas. The relative abundance of Cetobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium increased after infection. Our current research findings will provide new insights into the theoretical basis for future research studies exploring the mechanism of sturgeon infection with C. freundii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Liu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yiting Pan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shen Jin
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yueping Zheng
- Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Conservation of Aquatic Living Resources in the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianan Xu
- Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Conservation of Aquatic Living Resources in the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Houyong Fan
- Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Conservation of Aquatic Living Resources in the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mansoor Khalid
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Lingang Special Area Marine Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Guo H, Li L, Zhang Y, He F. Genomic characterization of a carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate from China carrying bla NDM-5 on a novel IncC-IncFIB-IncX3 plasmid. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:485-488. [PMID: 38007001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Citrobacter freundii is one of the important pathogens that can cause nosocomial infections. The advent of carbapenem-resistant C. freundii complicates clinical treatment. Here, we reported the genome sequence of a carbapenem-resistant C. freundii strain carrying a novel IncC-IncFIB-IncX3 plasmid in China. METHODS The genome sequence of C. freundii CRNMS1 was obtained using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform and the long-read Nanopore sequencer. Multilocus sequence typing was identified using MLST (v.2.23.0). The identification of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and plasmid replicons was performed using the resfinder and plasmidfinder of ABRicate (v.1.0.1). Circular comparisons of plasmids were performed using the BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG). RESULTS CRNMS1 belongs to ST116 in the C. freundii MLST scheme. Thirteen ARGs were predicted in all, including blaNDM-5, which was located in a plasmid. The plasmid pblaNDM5-S1, which carried the blaNDM-5 gene, was discovered to be a novel plasmid including three plasmid replicons (IncC, IncFIB, and IncX3) as well as seven ARGs (sul1, sul2, floR, dfrA17, aadA5, qnrA1, and blaNDM-5). A total of 38 blaNDM-5-bearing C. freundii strains can be retrieved from the NCBI database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a worldwide distribution of C. freundii strains carrying the blaNDM-5 gene, with China having the highest prevalence (39%, 15/38). However, they were distantly related to CRNMS1 with SNP differences >2545. CONCLUSION In summary, we reported a novel IncC-IncFIB-IncX3 plasmid carrying blaNDM-5 in a carbapenem-resistant C. freundii strain in China. The development of such hybrid plasmids facilitates the transmission of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lirong Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang He
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Islam MS, Pramanik PK, Rana ML, Ramasamy S, Schreinemachers P, Oliva R, Rahman MT. Draft genome sequence of multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii MTR_GS_V1777 strain isolated from a spinach ( Spinacia oleracea) sample in Gazipur, Bangladesh. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0108223. [PMID: 38206022 PMCID: PMC10868219 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01082-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We announce a genome sequence of Citrobacter freundii MTR_GS_V1777 strain isolated from a vegetable sample in Bangladesh. This strain had a genome size of 4,997,753 bp (58.7× genome coverage) and contained two plasmids, typed as sequence type ST124, 38 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, and 77 predicted virulence factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California—Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pritom Kumar Pramanik
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Liton Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Wang Y, Xie Z. Identification and drug resistance of pathogen of ulcerative skin disease and its immune responses and protective efficacy after vaccination in a giant spiny frog, Quasipaa spinosa. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106526. [PMID: 38163491 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to explore the pathogen of the ulcerative skin disease in giant spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa), and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the disease in practical production, this study was carried out to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria from the sick frogs suffering from rotting skin disease and to carry out the immunization test of the inactivated vaccine. METHODS Physiological and biochemical characterization, and molecular biology of the pathogenic bacteria were identified, and drug screening and immunization responses were also carried out. RESULTS The dominant bacterium QS01 was isolated from the lesions of diseased giant spiny frogs, which was confirmed to be the causative agent of the rotting skin disease of giant spiny frogs by artificial regression infection test. Based on the fact that the pathogen is a gram-negative short bacterium, its phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences were analyzed, and the bacterium was determined to be Citrobacter freundii. The results of the drug sensitivity test showed that the bacterium was sensitive to 11 antibiotics, including Enrofloxacin, Fleroxacin and Ciprofloxacin, including three non-polluting drugs such as Florfenicol, Roxithromycin and Thiamphenicol, as well as three Chinese herbal medicines such as Rheum officinale Baill, Coptis chinensis Franch and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Most non-specific immune responses could go to recovery in 24h. The frogs were vaccinated with QS01 formaldehyde inactivated vaccine by injection, immersion and spraying, and the serum antibody potency of the three immunized groups with the average potency reached the peak at the 20th d after immunization, and the serum antibody potency of the injected immunized group was at the highest ratio of 1:64-128 (101.6), while the immersed group and the spraying group attained the ratio of 1:16-32 (20.2) and 1:16-32 (16) respectively, and lasted until the 30th d. The control group that was not immunized had the highest serum antibody potency of 1:16-32 (20.2) and 1:16-32 (16), and continued until the 30th d. The control group that was not immunized was not immunized. The serum antibody potency of the unimmunized control group was 1:2 to 2(2). The immunoprotection rates after takedown were 100 %, 85.71 % and 71.43 %, respectively. CONCLUSION C. freundii is the pathogen of the disease in this farm, and the vaccination by immersion and spraying can effectively prevent and control the rotting skin disease in frogs. These results revealed pathogenicity of C. freundii and its activation of host immune response, which will provide a scientific reference for the aquaculture and disease prevention in Q. spinosa culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Pingxiang Health Vocational College, Pingxiang, 337000, China; Graduate School, St. Paul University Philippines, Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Philippines.
| | - Zhigang Xie
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Zhu Y, Jian X, Chen S, An G, Jiang D, Yang Q, Zhang J, Hu J, Qiu Y, Feng X, Guo J, Chen X, Li Z, Zhou R, Hu C, He N, Shi F, Huang S, Liu H, Li X, Xie L, Zhu Y, Zhao L, Jiang Y, Li J, Wang J, Qiu L, Chen X, Jia W, He Y, Zhou W. Targeting gut microbial nitrogen recycling and cellular uptake of ammonium to improve bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. Cell Metab 2024; 36:159-175.e8. [PMID: 38113887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been found to play a crucial role in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), which is still considered incurable due to drug resistance. In previous studies, we demonstrated that intestinal nitrogen-recycling bacteria are enriched in patients with MM. However, their role in MM relapse remains unclear. This study highlights the specific enrichment of Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) in patients with relapsed MM. Through fecal microbial transplantation experiments, we demonstrate that C. freundii plays a critical role in inducing drug resistance in MM by increasing levels of circulating ammonium. The ammonium enters MM cells through the transmembrane channel protein SLC12A2, promoting chromosomal instability and drug resistance by stabilizing the NEK2 protein. We show that furosemide sodium, a loop diuretic, downregulates SLC12A2, thereby inhibiting ammonium uptake by MM cells and improving progression-free survival and curative effect scores. These findings provide new therapeutic targets and strategies for the intervention of MM progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Zhu
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingxing Jian
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Duanfeng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengjiang Li
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhou
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nihan He
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangming Shi
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqing Huang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lia Zhao
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yichuan Jiang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Society & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinuo Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Society & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yanjuan He
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Furong Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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9
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Inurria A, Suárez-Pérez A, Calabuig P, Orós J. Citrobacter freundii-associated lesions in stranded loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta). Vet Pathol 2024; 61:140-144. [PMID: 37377060 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231183983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, has been sporadically reported in sea turtles. Here, the authors describe 3 unusual lesions associated with C. freundii infection in 3 loggerhead sea turtles stranded on the coast of Gran Canaria Island, Spain. It is possible that these 3 distinct lesions played a major role in the death of these turtles. The first turtle had caseous cholecystitis, a lesion not previously described in sea turtles. The second turtle had large intestinal diverticulitis, a rare condition in loggerheads. The third turtle had bilateral caseous salt gland adenitis. Histologically, numerous gram-negative bacilli were observed at the deepest edge of inflammation in all cases. Pure cultures of C. freundii were obtained from these 3 lesions. Molecular detection of C. freundii DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from the lesions of the 3 turtles confirmed the microbiological isolation. These cases, in addition to expanding the limited body of knowledge on bacterial infections in sea turtles, highlight the potential pathogenic role of C. freundii in loggerhead turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Inurria
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Arucas, Spain
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Pérez
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Arucas, Spain
- AnimalLab, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pascual Calabuig
- Tafira Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jorge Orós
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Arucas, Spain
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10
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Gong C, Guo M, Lou J, Zhang L, An Z, Vakharia VN, Kong W, Liu X. Identification and characterization of a highly virulent Citrobacter freundii isolate and its activation on immune responses in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 143:109224. [PMID: 37956797 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii, a common pathogen of freshwater fish, causes significant commercial losses to the global fish farming industry. In the present study, a highly pathogenic C. freundii strain was isolated and identified from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The pathogenicity and antibiotic sensitivity of the C. freundii strain were evaluated, and the histopathology and host immune response of largemouth bass infected with C. freundii were investigated. The results showed that C. freundii was the pathogen causing disease outbreaks in largemouth bass, and the infected fish showed typical signs of acute hemorrhages and visceral enlargement. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the C. freundii strain was resistant to Kanamycin, Medimycin, Clindamycin, Penicillin, Oxacillin, Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Cefazolin, Cefradine and Vancomycin. Histopathological analysis showed different pathological changes in major tissues of diseased fish. In addition, humoral immune factors such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lysozyme (LZM) were used as serum indicators to evaluate the immune response of largemouth bass after infection. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to investigate the expression pattern of immune-related genes (CXCR1, IL-8, IRF7, IgM, CD40, IFN-γ, IL-1β, Hep1, and Hep2) in liver, spleen, and head kidney tissues, which demonstrated a strong immune response induced by C. freundii infection in largemouth bass. The present study provides insights into the pathogenic mechanism of C. freundii and immune response in largemouth bass, promoting the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by C. freundii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Gong
- Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Mengya Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianfeng Lou
- Huzhou Nanxun District Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhenhua An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Vikram N Vakharia
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Weiguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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11
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Narasimhappa P, Singh S, Ramamurthy PC. Synthesis of water-soluble CdS quantum dots for the fluorescence detection of tetracycline. Environ Pollut 2023; 338:122682. [PMID: 37802285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
An effective strategy for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) entails the early detection of antibiotics during the initial stages of water treatment facilities. In this context, cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) were employed for the precise detection of tetracycline (TET), an emerging contaminant, in water. CdS QDs with fluorescence properties were synthesized by culturing Citrobacter freundii bacteria. The CdS QDs were characterized by spectroscopy techniques, and the quantum efficiency was estimated to be 55.8% which is ∼2-fold high compared to the standard rhodamine-B solution. The fluorescence of CdS QDs was quenched at 440 nm in the presence of TET. The linear range of TET was varied from 10 to 100 μM with a lower limit of detection of ∼23 nM. The CdS QDs were used to detect TET in river water, tap water, and milk which showed an excellent recovery rate. Therefore, the novel biosynthesis CdS QDs can be a significant fluorescence probe for the detection of TET that shows exceptional sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Narasimhappa
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, India; Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
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12
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Adhikari S, KC S, Dev S, Bhandari S, Parajuli P, Poudel MB, Adhikari YR, Poudel B. Citrobacter freundii-associated osteomyelitis and thromboembolic events following Moderna COVID-19 vaccination: a rare case report from Nepal. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5789-5794. [PMID: 37915646 PMCID: PMC10617845 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential for controlling the ongoing cases of this disease. Citrobacter infections of the bones and joints are extremely uncommon. Thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are very rare complications. Case presentation The authors present a rare case of osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism in a 15-year-old previously healthy boy occurring shortly after receiving the second dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. He experienced pain, swelling in the right leg, shortness of breath, and fever, followed by chest pain and leg edema. Treatment included anticoagulation, ketorolac for pain management, antipyretics, and intravenous antibiotics (Tazobactam/Piperacillin, Linezolid, Clindamycin) for osteomyelitis. Discussion The risk of COVID-19 vaccine-related thrombotic events is minimal. Thrombotic events reported among mRNA is very rare. Citrobacter freundii bone and joint infections are very rare, accounting for a small percentage of cases. Some documented cases include cefotaxime-resistant strains causing necrotizing fascitis and osteomyelitis, including postarthroplasty infections. Due to the diverse range of susceptibility patterns and the widespread occurrence of drug resistance, personalized treatment based on culture and sensitivity testing is recommended. However, in rare cases, severe complications like DVT and joint infections associated with Citrobacter infection may occur and should be reported to the vaccine adverse events reporting system. Conclusion Administering the COVID-19 vaccine to enhance natural antibodies is crucial, despite the low risk of infection, thromboembolism, and DVT. Healthcare providers should stay vigilant about adverse effects postvaccination and promptly report those cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sony KC
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj
| | - Santosh Dev
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj
| | | | - Prakriti Parajuli
- Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Man B. Poudel
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj
| | | | - Binod Poudel
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj
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Hamerlinck H, Aerssens A, Boelens J, Dehaene A, McMahon M, Messiaen AS, Vandendriessche S, Velghe A, Leroux-Roels I, Verhasselt B. Sanitary installations and wastewater plumbing as reservoir for the long-term circulation and transmission of carbapenemase producing Citrobacter freundii clones in a hospital setting. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:58. [PMID: 37337245 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence shows a role of the hospital wastewater system in the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms, such as carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE). Several sequential outbreaks of CPE on the geriatric ward of the Ghent University hospital have led to an outbreak investigation. Focusing on OXA-48 producing Citrobacter freundii, the most prevalent species, we aimed to track clonal relatedness using whole genome sequencing (WGS). By exploring transmission routes we wanted to improve understanding and (re)introduce targeted preventive measures. METHODS Environmental screening (toilet water, sink and shower drains) was performed between 2017 and 2021. A retrospective selection was made of 53 Citrobacter freundii screening isolates (30 patients and 23 environmental samples). DNA from frozen bacterial isolates was extracted and prepped for shotgun WGS. Core genome multilocus sequence typing was performed with an in-house developed scheme using 3,004 loci. RESULTS The CPE positivity rate of environmental screening samples was 19.0% (73/385). Highest percentages were found in the shower drain samples (38.2%) and the toilet water samples (25.0%). Sink drain samples showed least CPE positivity (3.3%). The WGS data revealed long-term co-existence of three patient sample derived C. freundii clusters. The biggest cluster (ST22) connects 12 patients and 8 environmental isolates taken between 2018 and 2021 spread across the ward. In an overlapping period, another cluster (ST170) links eight patients and four toilet water isolates connected to the same room. The third C. freundii cluster (ST421) connects two patients hospitalised in the same room but over a period of one and a half year. Additional sampling in 2022 revealed clonal isolates linked to the two largest clusters (ST22, ST170) in the wastewater collection pipes connecting the rooms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest long-term circulation and transmission of carbapenemase producing C. freundii clones in hospital sanitary installations despite surveillance, daily cleaning and intermittent disinfection protocols. We propose a role for the wastewater drainage system in the spread within and between rooms and for the sanitary installations in the indirect transmission via bioaerosol plumes. To tackle this problem, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary including careful design and maintenance of the plumbing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelore Hamerlinck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Aerssens
- Department of Infection Control, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jerina Boelens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Dehaene
- Department of Infection Control, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael McMahon
- Department of Infection Control, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Anja Velghe
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Infection Control, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Qiao J, Chen Y, Ge H, Xu H, Guo X, Liu R, Li C, Chen R, Gou J, Chen M, Zheng B. Coexistence of blaIMP-4, blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-1 in blaKPC-2-producing Citrobacter freundii of clinical origin in China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1074612. [PMID: 37378293 PMCID: PMC10291173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1074612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the genetic characteristics of the IMP-4, NDM-1, OXA-1, and KPC-2 co-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolate, Citrobacter freundii wang9. Methods MALDI-TOF MS was used for species identification. PCR and Sanger sequencing analysis were used to identify resistance genes. In addition to agar dilution, broth microdilution was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the strains and analyzed the resulting data for drug resistance genes and plasmids. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with maximum likelihood, plotted using MAGA X, and decorated by iTOL. Results Citrobacter freundii carrying blaKPC-2, blaIMP-4, blaOXA-1, and blaNDM-1 are resistant to most antibiotics, intermediate to tigecycline, and only sensitive to polymyxin B, amikacin, and fosfomycin. The blaIMP-4 coexists with the blaNDM-1 and the blaOXA-1 on a novel transferable plasmid variant pwang9-1, located on the integron In1337, transposon TnAS3, and integron In2054, respectively. The gene cassette sequence of integron In1337 is IntI1-blaIMP-4-qacG2-aacA4'-catB3Δ, while the gene cassette sequence of In2054 is IntI1-aacA4cr-blaOXA-1-catB3-arr3-qacEΔ1-sul1. The blaNDM-1 is located on the transposon TnAS3, and its sequence is IS91-sul-ISAba14-aph (3')-VI-IS30-blaNDM-1-ble-trpF-dsbD-IS91. The blaKPC-2 is located on the transposon Tn2 of plasmid pwang9-1, and its sequence is klcA-korC-ISkpn6-blaKPC-2-ISkpn27-tnpR-tnpA. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the 34\u00B0C. freundii isolates from China were divided into three clusters. Among them, wang1 and wang9 belong to the same cluster as two strains of C. freundii from environmental samples from Zhejiang. Conclusion We found C. freundii carrying blaIMP-4, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-1, and blaKPC-2 for the first time, and conducted in-depth research on its drug resistance mechanism, molecular transfer mechanism and epidemiology. In particular, we found that blaIMP-4, blaOXA-1, and blaNDM-1 coexisted on a new transferable hybrid plasmid that carried many drug resistance genes and insertion sequences. The plasmid may capture more resistance genes, raising our concern about the emergence of new resistance strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Haoyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Gou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mantao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Structure and Morphology, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Research Units of Infectious Diseases and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Heljanko V, Johansson V, Räisänen K, Anttila VJ, Lyytikäinen O, Jalava J, Weijo I, Lehtinen JM, Lehto KM, Lipponen A, Oikarinen S, Pitkänen T, Heikinheimo A. Genomic epidemiology of nosocomial carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter freundii in sewerage systems in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1165751. [PMID: 37303777 PMCID: PMC10250652 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1165751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance is emerging in Citrobacter freundii, which is the third most common carbapenemase-producing (CP) Enterobacteriaceae in humans in Finland due to recent outbreaks. The objective of this study was to determine if wastewater surveillance (WWS) could detect CP C. freundii strains causing infections in humans. Selective culturing was used to isolate CP C. freundii from the hospital environment, hospital wastewater, and untreated municipal wastewater in Helsinki, Finland, between 2019 and 2022. Species were identified using MALDI-TOF, and presumptive CP C. freundii isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and further characterized by whole genome sequencing. A genomic comparison was conducted to compare isolates collected from the hospital environment, untreated municipal wastewater, and a selection of isolates from human specimens from two hospitals in the same city. We also examined the persistence of CP C. freundii in the hospital environment and the impact of our attempts to eradicate it. Overall, 27 blaKPC - 2-carrying C. freundii were detected in the hospital environment (ST18; n = 23 and ST8; n = 4), while 13 blaKPC - 2-carrying C. freundii (ST8) and five blaVIM - 1-carrying (ST421) C. freundii were identified in untreated municipal wastewater. CP C. freundii was not identified in hospital wastewater. We found three clusters (cluster distance threshold ≤ 10 allelic difference) after comparing the recovered isolates and a selection of isolates from human specimens. The first cluster consisted of ST18 isolates from the hospital environment (n = 23) and human specimens (n = 4), the second consisted of ST8 isolates from the hospital environment (n = 4), untreated municipal wastewater (n = 6), and human specimens (n = 2), and the third consisted of ST421 isolates from the untreated municipal wastewater (n = 5). Our results support previous studies suggesting that the hospital environment could act as a source of transmission of CP C. freundii in clinical settings. Furthermore, the eradication of CP Enterobacteriaceae from the hospital environment is challenging. Our findings also showed that CP C. freundii is persistent throughout the sewerage system and demonstrate the potential of WWS for detecting CP C. freundii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viivi Heljanko
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Venla Johansson
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Räisänen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Jukka Anttila
- Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Lyytikäinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Jalava
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irma Weijo
- Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana-Marija Lehtinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi-Maarit Lehto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annamari Heikinheimo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Food Authority, Ruokavirasto, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Brecher SM, Tickler IA, Tenover FC. Phenotypic and genotypic discrepancies for carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter freundii in multiple isolates from a single patient. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:24. [PMID: 37055768 PMCID: PMC10103531 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenemase-producing gram-negative organisms continue to be a significant healthcare concern and a therapeutic challenge. Members of the genus Citrobacter have emerged as increasingly multidrug resistant and versatile healthcare-associated pathogens. In this study we investigated five KPC-producing Citrobacter freundii isolates, from the same patient, that presented unusual phenotypic characteristics including false susceptibility to carbapenems detection by culture-based methods. METHODS The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using broth microdilution and disk diffusion. Production of serine carbapenemase was confirmed with the mCIM (modified carbapenem inactivation method) test. Genotypes were determined by PCR and whole genome sequencing analysis. RESULTS The five isolates were susceptible to meropenem by broth microdilution and presented varying colonial morphologies and levels of susceptibility to carbapenems by multiple phenotypic methods, despite being positive for carbapenemase production by mCIM and positive for blaKPC by PCR. Whole genome sequence analysis showed that three of the five highly related isolates harbor an additional gene cassette, including blaCARB-2, ant(2''), aadA2, dfrA19, catB3, cmlA1, mph(E), msr(E), and qnrA1. The presence of these genes explains the difference in phenotypes observed. CONCLUSION Failure to detect and completely eradicate the carbapenemase-producing C. freundii in the urine with ertapenem therapy, likely due to the presence of a heterogeneous population, resulted in the phenotypic and genotypic adaptations of the organism as it disseminated to the bloodstream and kidneys. The fact that carbapenemase-producing C. freundii can elude detection by phenotypic methods and can so easily acquire and transfer resistance gene cassettes is of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Brecher
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Murtaza B, Li X, Dong L, Saleemi MK, Iqbal M, Majeed S, Ali A, Li G, Jin B, Wang L, Xu Y. In-vitro assessment of a novel plant rhizobacterium, Citrobacter freundii, for degrading and biocontrol of food mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Toxicon 2023; 227:107095. [PMID: 36972839 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most harmful and well-known toxins present in food and animal feed throughout the world. Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii-ON077584), a novel DON-degrading strain, was isolated from rice root-linked soil samples. The degrading properties, including DON concentrations, incubation pH, incubation temperatures, bacterial concentrations, and acid treatment effect on degradation, were evaluated. At pH 7 and an incubation temperature of 37 °C, C. freundii demonstrated the capability to degrade more than 90% of DON. The degraded products of DON were identified as 3-keto-DON and DOM-1, which were confirmed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography hyphenated with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analyses. The mechanism of DON degradation into 3-keto-DON and DOM-1 by this bacterial strain will be further explored to identify and purify novel degrading enzymes that can be cloned to the microorganism and added to the animal feed to degrade the DON in the digestion tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Liming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | | | - Mazhar Iqbal
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Majeed
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ashiq Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gen Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bowen Jin
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116600, China.
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Gwokyalya R, Weldon CW, Herren JK, Gichuhi J, Makhulu EE, Ndlela S, Mohamed SA. Friend or Foe: Symbiotic Bacteria in Bactrocera dorsalis-Parasitoid Associations. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12020274. [PMID: 36829551 PMCID: PMC9953478 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Parasitoids are promising biocontrol agents of the devastating fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. However, parasitoid performance is a function of several factors, including host-associated symbiotic bacteria. Providencia alcalifaciens, Citrobacter freundii, and Lactococcus lactis are among the symbiotic bacteria commonly associated with B. dorsalis, and they influence the eco-physiological functioning of this pest. However, whether these bacteria influence the interaction between this pest and its parasitoids is unknown. This study sought to elucidate the nature of the interaction of the parasitoids, Fopius arisanus, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, and Psyttlia cosyrae with B. dorsalis as mediated by symbiotic bacteria. Three types of fly lines were used: axenic, symbiotic, and bacteria-mono-associated (Lactococcus lactis, Providencia alcalifaciens, and Citrobacter freundii). The suitable stages of each fly line were exposed to the respective parasitoid species and reared until the emergence of adult flies/parasitoids. Thereafter, data on the emergence and parasitoid fitness traits were recorded. No wasps emerged from the fly lines exposed to P. cosyrae. The highest emergence of F. arisanus and D. longicaudata was recorded in the L. lactis fly lines. The parasitoid progeny from the L. lactis and P. alcalifaciens fly lines had the longest developmental time and the largest body size. Conversely, parasitoid fecundity was significantly lower in the L. lactis lines, whereas the P. alcalifaciens lines significantly improved fecundity. These results elucidate some effects of bacterial symbionts on host-parasitoid interactions and their potential in enhancing parasitoid-oriented management strategies against B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehemah Gwokyalya
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: or (R.G.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Christopher W. Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Jeremy Keith Herren
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Joseph Gichuhi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Edward Edmond Makhulu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Shepard Ndlela
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
- Correspondence: or (R.G.); (S.A.M.)
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Drożdżyńska A, Wawrzyniak J, Kubiak P, Przybylak M, Białas W, Czaczyk K. Optimization and Modeling of Citrobacter freundii AD119 Growth and 1,3-Propanediol Production Using Two-Step Statistical Experimental Design and Artificial Neural Networks. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23031266. [PMID: 36772306 PMCID: PMC9919890 DOI: 10.3390/s23031266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) has a wide range of industrial applications. The most studied natural producers capable of fermenting glycerol to 1,3-PD belong to the genera Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Clostridium. In this study, the optimization of medium composition for the biosynthesis of 1,3-PD by Citrobacter freundii AD119 was performed using the one-factor-at-a-time method (OFAT) and a two-step statistical experimental design. Eleven mineral components were tested for their impact on the process using the Plackett-Burman design. MgSO4 and CoCl2 were found to have the most pronounced effect. Consequently, a central composite design was used to optimize the concentration of these mineral components. Besides minerals, carbon and nitrogen sources were also optimized. Partial glycerol substitution with other carbon sources was found not to improve the bioconversion process. Moreover, although yeast extract was found to be the best nitrogen source, it was possible to replace it in part with (NH4)2SO4 without a negative impact on 1,3-PD production. As a part of the optimization procedure, an artificial neural network model of the growth of C. freundii and 1,3-PD production was developed as a predictive tool supporting the design and control of the bioprocess under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Wawrzyniak
- Department of Dairy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Kubiak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Martyna Przybylak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Białas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
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Yang Y, Dong S, Yu Y, Chu S, Xiao J. Bioaugmentation performances with a powerful strain for nitrogen removal without N 2O accumulation. J Environ Manage 2023; 325:116506. [PMID: 36270130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
N2O is regarded as an inevitable intermediate during nitrogen removal, especially for wastewater treatment plants where good operating conditions would be required to mitigate N2O releasing, which generally causes a high treatment cost. In this study, a novel bacterium capable of removing nitrogen without N2O accumulation was isolated and identified as Citrobacter freundii XY-1. The nitrogen removal characteristics, nitrogen removal pathway, bioaugmentation in different reactors as well as microbial diversity were investigated. Results showed that 99.42% of NH+ 4-N and 95% of total organic carbon could be removed within 48 h with the corresponding removal rates being 4.03 mg/(L·h) and 39.42 mg/(L·h), respectively. It was inferred that traditional denitrification and N2O generation do not exist in the pathway of removing nitrogen by XY-1 based on isotope analysis and functional genes detection. Bioaugmentations of XY-1 in both sequencing batch reactor and biological aerated filter significantly promoted the performances of nitrogen removal. The microbial diversity indicated that the relative abundance of strain XY-1 ranged from 45% to 66%, predominating throughout the running period. Overall, XY-1 could become an incredibly important candidate for the upgrading of wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Sijia Dong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shuyi Chu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jibo Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Wenzhou Chuangyuan Environment Technology Co. Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325036, China.
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Uddin MJ, Haque F, Jabeen I, Shuvo SR. Characterization and whole-genome sequencing of an extreme arsenic-tolerant Citrobacter freundii SRS1 strain isolated from Savar area in Bangladesh. Can J Microbiol 2023; 69:44-52. [PMID: 36332226 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii SRS1, gram-negative bacteria, were isolated from Savar, Bangladesh. The strain could tolerate up to 80 mmol L-1 sodium arsenite, 400 mmol L-1 sodium arsenate, 5 mmol L-1 manganese sulfate, 3 mmol L-1 lead nitrate, 2.5 mmol L-1 cobalt chloride, 2.5 mmol L-1 cadmium acetate, and 2.5 mmol L-1 chromium chloride. The whole-genome sequencing revealed that the genome size of C. freundii SRS1 is estimated to be 5.4 Mb long, and the G + C content is 51.7%. The genome of C. freundii SRS1 contains arsA, arsB, arsC, arsD, arsH, arsR, and acr3 genes for arsenic resistance; czcA, czcD, cbiN, and cbiM genes for cobalt resistance; chrA and chrB genes for chromium resistance; mntH, sitA, sitB, sitC, and sitD genes for manganese resistance; and zntA gene for lead and cadmium resistance. This novel acr3 gene has never previously been reported in any C. freundii strain except SRS1. A set of 130 completely sequenced strains of C. freundii was selected for phylogenomic analysis. The phylogenetic tree showed that the SRS1 strain is closely related to the C. freundii 62 strain. Further analyses of the genes involved in metal and metalloid resistance might facilitate identifying the mechanisms and pathways involved in high metal resistance in the C. freundii SRS1 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jafar Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Haque
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ishrat Jabeen
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabbir R Shuvo
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, School of Health & Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ju X, Wang S, Yang X, Han W, Cai C, Wu Y, Liu C, Qian J, Zhao X, Qian X, Sun Q, Zhang R, Chen G. Epidemiology and Molecular Characteristics of mcr-9 in Citrobacter spp. from Healthy Individuals and Patients in China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0134622. [PMID: 36374095 PMCID: PMC9769852 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01346-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the globally prevailing carbapenemase-producing (CP) Citrobacter spp., polymyxin antibiotics have been reconsidered as one of the last-resort treatment options. Our study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of mcr-9 in Citrobacter species. From October to November 2021, 650 fecal samples and 215 Citrobacter isolates were collected from healthy individuals and infected patients, respectively. Isolates were screened for the presence of the mcr-9 gene by the PCR method. mcr-9-carrying strains were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Due to the susceptibility to colistin, Citrobacter spp. isolates were first induced to increase the expression of mcr-9 on China blue agar plates containing colistin and were then subjected to conjugation experiments. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq PE150 system. The prevalence of mcr-9 in the Citrobacter genus from healthy guts and infected patients was 0.62% and 1.86%, respectively. In all mcr-9-positive strains, MICs of polymyxin B were observed at ≤2 μg/mL, displaying a nonresistant phenotype. As for conjugation experiments, only one isolate successfully transferred the mcr-9 gene to Escherichia coli C600. Whole-genome sequencing showed that eight mcr-9-positive Citrobacter isolates carried mcr-9 and genes encoding resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, including blaCMY, blaDHA, blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M. We also discovered that mcr-9 could be located on the pKPC-CAV1321 plasmid. Our study investigated the prevalence of mcr-9 in Citrobacter spp. in both healthy individuals and infected patients and described the carriage of mcr-9 on the pKPC-CAV1321 plasmid for the first time. IMPORTANCE The emergence of mcr homologues posed a serious threat to the therapeutic efficiency of polymyxin antibiotics. Citrobacter freundii is generally regarded as an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of nosocomial infections. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mcr-9 in Citrobacter spp. isolates from healthy individuals and infected patients and highlighted the importance of the rational use of antibiotics. In addition, this epidemiological investigation is the first to describe the carriage of mcr-9 on plasmid pKPC-CAV1321 and confirms the horizontal transfer of this plasmid. Our research may shed new light on further studies of mcr-9 dissemination in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ju
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siheng Wang
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weihua Han
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Cai
- China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Qian
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongxiang Chen
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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da Silva MR, Alves de Almeida F, Coelho AÍM, da Silva FL, Vanetti MCD. Enhancing cell resistance for production of mixed microbiological reference materials with Salmonella and coliforms by freeze-drying. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2107-2119. [PMID: 35962856 PMCID: PMC9679061 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The reference material (RM) is a technical requirement for the quality assurance of analytical results and proficiency tests or interlaboratory comparisons. Microbiological RMs are most available in the dehydrated form, mainly by freeze-drying, and maintaining bacterial survival after preparation is a challenge. Thus, obtaining the most resistant cells is essential. Considering that bacteria present cross-response to dehydration after being submitted to an array of stress conditions, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of growth conditions on enterobacteria for the production of mixed microbiological RMs by freeze-drying in skim milk powder. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter freundii were grown in a minimal medium with 0.5 M NaCl and 0 to 5.0 mM of manganese sulfate (MnSO4) until stationary phase. Salmonella Enteritidis presented an increased resistance to dehydration in the presence of Mn, while C. sakazakii was the most resistant to freeze-drying and further storage for 90 days. Mixed microbiological RMs were produced by freeze-drying and containing Salmonella Enteritidis and coliforms in skim milk powder with 100 mM of trehalose and the Salmonella survival rate was 91.2 to 93.6%. The mixed RM was stable after 30 days at -20 °C, and Salmonella and coliforms were detected by different methods being, the Rambach Agar the best for the bacterial differentiation. The results showed that the culture conditions applied in this study resulted in bacterial cells being more resistant to dehydration, freeze-drying, and stabilization for the production of mixed microbiological RMs more stable and homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Roméria da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Alves de Almeida
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, 35032-620, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Lopes da Silva
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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Bai L, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Cui D, Zhao M. Photocatalytic performance of an α-Fe 2O 3 electrode and its effects on the growth and metabolism of Citrobacter freundii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6253-6262. [PMID: 35969261 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electronic exchanges occur between semiconductor minerals and microorganisms. However, researchers have focused on the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants by semiconductor minerals, and there is a limited amount of studies on semiconductor photogenerated electrons that influence the growth and energetic mechanisms of bacteria. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are important new bioengineering technologies for investigating the mechanisms by which bacteria absorb electrons. In this work, we built a BES that used α-Fe2O3 nanorods as a photoanode and Citrobacter freundii as bio-cathode bacteria to explore the effect of photoelectrons on C. freundii growth and metabolism. The photoanode was prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method. As confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the photoanode was made of α-Fe2O3. Corresponding scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that α-Fe2O3 nanorod arrays formed with a diameter of 50 nm, and the band gap was 2.03 eV, as indicated by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The C. freundii growth metabolism changed significantly because of photoelectrons; under light conditions, the growth rate of C. freundii significantly accelerated, and as inferred from the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, the protein, humic acid, and NADH concentrations were significantly higher at 72 h. According to the changes in the organic acid content, photoelectrons participated in the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle (rTCA) to enhance growth and metabolism. The results of the study have broad implications for advancing fields that study the effects of semiconductor minerals on electroactive microorganisms and the semiconductor-photoelectronic transport mechanisms of electroautotrophic microorganisms. KEY POINTS: • For the first time, A BES was built that used α-Fe2O3 nanorods as a photoanode and C. freundii as a bio-cathode bacteria. • Photoelectrons produced by α-Fe2O3 photoelectrode promote the growth of C. freundii. • Effects of photoelectrons on C. freundii metabolism were conjectured by the changes of organic acids and NADH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jueyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuelei Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Daizong Cui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
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Guma S, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Wu C, Chen Z, Xu J, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Wang C, Gao X. The pathogenic characterization of Citrobacter freundii and its activation on immune related genes in Macrobrachium nipponense. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105682. [PMID: 35850373 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Out breaks of mass mortalities occurred in Macrobrachium nipponense farms in Jintan county, Jiangsu Province. The bacterial isolates from M. nipponense exhibited the same phenotypic traits and biochemical characteristics, and were identified as Citrobacter freundii according to biochemical characteristics and molecular identification. The infection test revealed that the strain YG2 was pathogenic to M. nipponense, and the half lethal dose (LD50) was 3.35 × 105 CFU/mL at 7 d post-infection. Detection of virulence genes indicated that YG2 was positive for cfa, ureG, ureF, ureE, ureD, viaB, ompX, and LDH. Furthermore, the results of extracellular enzyme analysis revealed that the strain can produce protease, amylase, lecithin, urease, and hemolysin. Antibiotic resistance results showed that the isolate was resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, aboren, doxycycline, neomycin, penicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. The expression level of MyD88, α2M, CDSP, and Relish were detected in hepatopancreas, hemolymph, gills and intestine tissues by quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and clear transcriptional activation of these genes were observed in M. nipponense after C. freundii infection. These results revealed pathogenicity of C. freundii and its activation of host immune response, which will provide a scientific reference for the breeding and disease prevention in M. nipponense culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheham Guma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Congcong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Jiangsu Jiakexing Crab Industry Co. Ltd., Yangzhou, 225116, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Alfaro T, Elmore JR, Stromberg ZR, Hutchison JR, Hess BM. Engineering Citrobacter freundii using CRISPR/Cas9 system. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 200:106533. [PMID: 35779647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated proteins) system is a useful tool to edit genomes quickly and efficiently. However, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to edit bacterial genomes has been limited to select microbial chassis primarily used for bioproduction of high value products. Thus, expansion of CRISPR/Cas9 tools to other microbial organisms is needed. Here, our aim was to assess the suitability of CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing of the Citrobacter freundii type strain ATCC 8090. We evaluated the commonly used two plasmid pCas/pTargetF system to enable gene deletions and insertions in C. freundii and determined editing efficiency. The CRISPR/Cas9 based method enabled high editing efficiency (~91%) for deletion of galactokinase (galk) and enabled deletion with various single guide RNA (sgRNA) sequences. To assess the ability of CRISPR/Cas9 tools to insert genes, we used the fluorescent reporter mNeonGreen, an endopeptidase (yebA), and a transcriptional regulator (xylS) and found successful insertion with high efficiency (81-100%) of each gene individually. These results strengthen and expand the use of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to C. freundii as an additional microbial chassis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Alfaro
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Joshua R Elmore
- Synthetic Biology Group, Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Zachary R Stromberg
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Janine R Hutchison
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Becky M Hess
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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Wang L, Li Z, Xiao N, Tang J, He Y, Guo J, Zhao X. Genetic Characterization of bla NDM-1-Carrying Citrobacter portucalensis Sequence Type 328 and Citrobacter freundii Sequence Type 98. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2235-2242. [PMID: 35510156 PMCID: PMC9059874 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s361761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose NDM-1-producing Citrobacter portucalensis and Citrobacter freundii simultaneously occurred in a hospital. This study aims to characterize the blaNDM-1-carrying plasmids in these Citrobacter strains. Methods Cf7303, Cf7308, and Cf7313 were recovered from three patients in a teaching hospital from September 24 to October 1, 2021. Bacteria were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and antibiotics susceptibility tests were determined by VITEK® 2 compact system. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the HiSeq Illumina and QNome platform to characterize the genomes. Results Cf7303 was identified as C. portucalensis Sequence Type 328 by WGS, and harbored two plasmids, namely pCf7303 and a novel IncFIB pNDM-Cf7303 on which antibiotic-resistant genes (blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaNDM-1, aac (3)-IId, aadA2, fosA3, sul1, sul2, catA2, tetD, dfrA12, qacEdelta1, mph(A), and bleMBL) are located. C. freundii strain Cf7308 and Cf7313 belonged to the same Sequence Type 98. Cf7308 contained two plasmids, pCf7308, and an IncN1 pNDM-Cf7308 with homology to pNDM-BTR in E. coli and pNDM-CWH001 in C. freundii. Conclusion We characterized a putatively novel IncFIB plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 in C. portucalensis. In addition, the closely related blaNDM-1-carrying IncN1 plasmids in E. coli and C. freundii suggest that interspecies or intraspecies horizontal transfer occurs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- Qitan Technology Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Fang C, Qiu Y, Dai X, Zhang L. Genomic characterization of a carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii cocarrying bla KPC-2 and bla NDM-1. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 29:289-292. [PMID: 35489677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Citrobacter freundii is an important opportunistic pathogen, and carbapenem-resistant strains pose a significant challenge to public health. Here we report the genetic features of antimicrobial resistance genes of a carbapenem-resistant C. freundii SCLZS47 from hospital sewage by using whole genome sequencing. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the broth microdilution method. Whole genomic sequences of SCLZS47 were obtained by using the HiSeq 2000 combined with PacBio RSII platforms. Plasmid incompatibility types, resistance genes, and insertion elements were identified using the PlasmidFinder, ResFinder, and ISfinder, respectively. RESULTS SCLZS47 has a circular chromosome and three resistance plasmids, and it carries 23 known ARGs. Among them, blaCMY-135 and three copies of blaCTX-M-14 are located on the chromosome. 16 ARGs are clustered in two accessory modules of a multi-drug resistance (MDR) plasmid, and homologous recombination and transposition events contribute to the formation of these MDR regions. Carbapenemase genes blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1 are carried by a pCKPC18-1-like plasmid, and a pNDM-HN380-like plasmid, respectively. Conjugation experiments indicated that both KPC-2- and NDM-1-encoding plasmids are transmissible. CONCLUSION Analysis of the genetic features of resistance genes would help to better understand their transmission mechanisms and dynamics in bacterial community, which has significant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- The School of Basic Medical Science and Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Chengju Fang
- The School of Basic Medical Science and Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Yichuan Qiu
- The School of Basic Medical Science and Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Dai
- The School of Basic Medical Science and Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Luhua Zhang
- The School of Basic Medical Science and Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
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Ota Y, Prah I, Nukui Y, Koike R, Saito R. blaKPC-2-Encoding IncP-6 Plasmids in Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella variicola Strains from Hospital Sewage in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022;:e0001922. [PMID: 35380451 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00019-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) producers are an emerging threat to global health, and the hospital water environment is considered an important reservoir of these life-threatening bacteria. We characterized plasmids of KPC-2-producing Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella variicola isolates recovered from hospital sewage in Japan. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing analysis, bacterial conjugation, and transformation experiments were performed for both KPC-2 producers. The blaKPC-2 gene was located on the Tn3 transposon-related region from an IncP-6 replicon plasmid that could not be transferred via conjugation. Compared to the blaKPC-2-encoding plasmid of the C. freundii isolate, alignment analysis of plasmids with blaKPC-2 showed that the blaKPC-2-encoding plasmid of the K. variicola isolate was a novel IncP-6/IncF-like hybrid plasmid containing a 75,218-bp insertion sequence composed of IncF-like plasmid conjugative transfer proteins. Carbapenem-resistant transformants harboring blaKPC-2 were obtained for both isolates. However, no IncF-like insertion region was found in the K. variicola donor plasmid of the transformant, suggesting that this IncF-like region is not readily functional for plasmid conjugative transfer and is maintained depending on the host cells. The findings on the KPC-2 producers and novel genetic content emphasize the key role of hospital sewage as a potential reservoir of pathogens and its linked dissemination of blaKPC-2 through the hospital water environment. Our results indicate that continuous monitoring for environmental emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria might be needed to control the spread of these infectious bacteria. Moreover, it will help elucidate both the evolution and transmission pathways of these bacteria harboring antimicrobial resistance. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is a significant problem for global health, and the hospital environment has been recognized as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we provide insight into the genomic features of blaKPC-2-harboring isolates of Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella variicola obtained from hospital sewage in Japan. The findings of carbapenem-resistant bacteria containing this novel genetic context emphasize that hospital sewage could act as a potential reservoir of pathogens and cause the subsequent spread of blaKPC-2 via horizontal gene transfer in the hospital water environment. This indicates that serial monitoring for environmental bacteria possessing antimicrobial resistance may help us control the spread of infection and also lead to elucidating the evolution and transmission pathways of these bacteria.
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Wu M, Tang J, Zhou X, Lei D, Zeng C, Ye H, Cai T, Zhang Q. Isolation of Dibutyl Phthalate-Degrading Bacteria and Its Coculture with Citrobacter freundii CD-9 to Degrade Fenvalerate. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:176-186. [PMID: 35058397 PMCID: PMC9628840 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2110.10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Continued fenvalerate use has caused serious environmental pollution and requires large-scale remediation. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was discovered in fenvalerate metabolites degraded by Citrobacter freundii CD-9. Coculturing is an effective method for bioremediation, but few studies have analyzed the degradation pathways and potential mechanisms of cocultures. Here, a DBP-degrading strain (BDBP 071) was isolated from soil contaminated with pyrethroid pesticides (PPs) and identified as Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila. The optimum conditions for DBP degradation were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) analysis to be 30.9 mg/l DBP concentration, pH 7.5, at a culture temperature of 37.2°C. Under the optimized conditions, approximately 88% of DBP was degraded within 48 h and five metabolites were detected. Coculturing C. freundii CD-9 and S. acidaminiphila BDBP 071 promoted fenvalerate degradation. When CD-9 was cultured for 16 h before adding BDBP 071, the strain inoculation ratio was 5:5 (v/v), fenvalerate concentration was 75.0 mg/l, fenvalerate was degraded to 84.37 ± 1.25%, and DBP level was reduced by 5.21 mg/l. In addition, 12 fenvalerate metabolites were identified and a pathway for fenvalerate degradation by the cocultured strains was proposed. These results provide theoretical data for further exploration of the mechanisms used by this coculture system to degrade fenvalerate and DBP, and also offer a promising method for effective bioremediation of PPs and their related metabolites in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China,Corresponding authors J. Tang Phone: +86-28-87720552 Fax: +86-28-87720552 E-mail:
| | - Xuerui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, P.R. China,
Q. Zhang E-mail:
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Al-Eqabi SRS, Al-Abedi GJK. Pathological, Immunological, and Hematological Parameters Associated with Experimental Infection of Citrobacter Freundii in Rabbits. Arch Razi Inst 2021; 76:1607-1615. [PMID: 35546976 PMCID: PMC9083873 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356801.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii is one of the most important nosocomial opportunistic pathogens, which causes sepsis, as well as different gross and histopathological lesions in various internal organs in humans and animals, especially dogs and fish. This study aimed to investigate the hematological parameters, immunological responses, and pathological effects of the infection induced by the virulent strain of C. freundii on rabbits. A total of 42 rabbits (local breed; male and female), with a mean weight of 1.5-2 kg, were housed under controlled environmental conditions (20±2°C, 14:10 h light: dark cycle) and allowed ad libitum access to food and water. After two weeks of adaption, the rabbits were divided randomly into three groups of 14 animals per group. Group one (G1) received 3×108 CFU/ml of the virulent isolate (intraperitoneally [IP]) of C. freundii. Group two (G2) was injected subcutaneously (SC) with 3×108 CFU/ml of the virulent strain of C. freundii, while group three was IP injected with phosphate buffer saline and considered a negative control group. Results showed the variable gross pathological effects which included hemorrhage, edema, and congestion of visceral organs. Furthermore, the microscopic lesions showed pneumonia due to inflammatory cells infiltration, mainly neutrophils, macrophages, plasmacytes, and lymphocytes, severe interstitial and intra-alveolar edema, extensive pulmonary hemorrhage, emphysema, and atelectasis. The recorded data from the liver samples revealed hepatitis which was characterized by perivascular and periportal leukocyte cuffing, marked centrilobular with periportal necrosis, extensive hepatic edema, and periportal edema in addition to extensive fibrosis in interlobular septa and periportal fibrosis with severe interstitial hemorrhage. In the kidneys, there were severe renal edema, mixed inflammatory exudation, mainly neutrophils, macrophages, plasmacytes, lymphocytes, fibroblast infiltration in renal parenchyma and renal cortex, extensive renal hemorrhage, edema, as well as fibrosis and severe renal tubular necrosis. In addition, enteritis appeared in the intestine with mucosal edema, especially in lamina propria; moreover, necrosis of entire villi, epithelial necrosis, mucosal and submucosal hemorrhage, and fibrosis were observed. The present study revealed a significant increase in total leukocytes count and the concentration of TNF-α in the infected groups. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is considered the first attempt aimed to detect the pathological effects of C. freundii on visceral organs in rabbits. It is concluded that this bacterium could induce a significant pathological, hematological, and immunological changes in the infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R S Al-Eqabi
- Department of Public health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq
| | - G J K Al-Abedi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq
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Huang X, Li M, Wang J, Ji L, Geng Y, Ou Y, Yang S, Yin L, Li L, Chen D. Effect of Bacterial Infection on the Edibility of Aquatic Products: The Case of Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii) Infected With Citrobacter freundii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:722037. [PMID: 34659149 PMCID: PMC8511708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.722037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic products are one of the world's essential protein sources whose quality and safety are threatened by bacterial diseases. This study investigated the possible effects of bacterial infection on the main edible part, the muscle, in the case of crayfish infected with Citrobacter freundii. The histopathological analysis confirmed that crayfish was sensitive to C. freundii and muscle was one of the target organs. The transcriptome results showed impaired intercellular junctions, downregulation of actin expression, and inhibition of metabolic pathways. Furthermore, transcriptomic results suggest that C. freundii mainly affect muscle structure and nutrition. Subsequent validation experiments confirmed structural damage and nutrient loss in C. freundii infected crayfish muscle. Besides, the spoilage tests showed that C. freundii did not accelerate muscle spoilage and the bacteria had a limited impact on food safety. Therefore, although C. freundii may not be a specific spoilage bacterium, it still affects the edible taste and nutritional value of crayfish muscle. The findings of this study might contribute to further research on C. freundii infection and provide a warning about the adverse effects of bacterial infection on aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangping Ou
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangyu Li
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Qin J, Zhao Y, Wang A, Chi X, Wen P, Li S, Wu L, Bi S, Xu H. Comparative genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Citrobacter spp. strains in Fennec fox imported to China. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:59. [PMID: 34645508 PMCID: PMC8513245 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the antimicrobial profiles and genomic characteristics of MDR-Citrobacter spp. strains isolated from Fennec fox imported from Sudan to China. METHODS Four Citrobacter spp. strains were isolated from stool samples. Individual fresh stool samples were collected and subsequently diluted in phosphate buffered saline as described previously. The diluted fecal samples were plated on MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/l cefotaxime and incubated for 20 h at 37 °C. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used for identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on an Illumina Novaseq-6000 platform. Acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmid replicons were detected using ResFinder 4.1 and PlasmidFinder 1.3, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis of 277 Citrobacter genomes was also performed. RESULTS Isolate FF141 was identified as Citrobacter cronae while isolate FF371, isolate FF414, and isolate FF423 were identified as Citrobacter braakii. Of these, three C. braakii isolates were further confirmed to be extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producer. All isolates are all multidrug resistance (MDR) with resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Plasmid of pKPC-CAV1321 belong to incompatibility (Inc) group. Comparative genomics analysis of Citrobacter isolates generated a large core-genome. Genetic diversity was observed in our bacterial collection, which clustered into five main clades. Human, environmental and animal Citrobacter isolates were distributed into five clusters. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of MDR-Citrobacter from Fennec Fox. Our phenotypic and genomic data further underscore the threat of increased ESBL prevalence in wildlife and emphasize that increased effort should be committed to monitoring the potentially rapid dissemination of ESBL-producers with one health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- Emergency Department of Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yishu Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aifang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Wen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjiao Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Bi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Abu-Hamdiyah OJ, Al Sharie S, Awadi S, Khamees A, Athamneh MJ. Pneumocephalus secondary to a spinal surgery: A literature review and a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 86:106342. [PMID: 34479115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We report a case of pneumocephalus, which is identified as the presence of air in the cranial cavity and is a rare complication after spinal surgeries, in addition to a literature review of similarly reported cases. Case presentation The patient is a 63-year-old male who developed pneumocephalus after undergoing a minimally invasive left side decompression at L3-L4 with left L4 foraminotomy even though there were no signs of dural tears or Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leaks. After the diagnosis of pneumocephalus using brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the patient was treated conservatively and was discharged after 3 weeks without developing further complications. Discussion Pneumocephalus is defined as an abnormal accumulation of air within the cranial cavity. It can occur due to a variety of causes but rarely due to gas forming bacteria. Many theories are suggested concerning the pathophysiology of pneumocephalus, the inverted bottle theory, the ball valve theory, the Nitrous Oxide (N2O) theory, and as we outweigh in our case, gas forming bacteria theory. Pneumocephalus can be treated surgically, nevertheless, conservative management methods of such cases are usually followed. Conclusion The aim of this study is to draw further attention to the management and diagnosis of such surgical complication. A more extended research is needed to provide a full comprehensive approach to deal with this problem if faced in the future. To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the first pneumocephalus case induced by a postoperative bacterial infection in the global English based medical literature. Pneumocephalus caused by gas forming infection in the spine is a rare complication after spinal surgery. Unexplained headache spinal surgeries should raise suspicion toward pneumocephalus. There are many theories regarding the development of pneumocephalus, each one need specific attention.
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Hashimoto M, Mogi K, Sakurai M, Sakata T, Tani K, Takahara Y. Rupture of a dissecting thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm due to Citrobacter freundii infection. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04719. [PMID: 34484758 PMCID: PMC8405421 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of an elderly man with Citrobacter freundii-associated infectious rupture of a dissecting thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. We performed an emergency thoracoabdominal aortic replacement using a rifampicin-soaked prosthetic graft and omental flap wrapping. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 255, although he experienced pseudomembranous enteritis and paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hashimoto
- Division of Cardiovascular SurgeryFunabashi Municipal Medical Center Heart and Vascular InstituteFunabashiJapan
| | - Kenji Mogi
- Division of Cardiovascular SurgeryFunabashi Municipal Medical Center Heart and Vascular InstituteFunabashiJapan
| | - Manabu Sakurai
- Division of Cardiovascular SurgeryFunabashi Municipal Medical Center Heart and Vascular InstituteFunabashiJapan
| | - Tomoki Sakata
- Division of Cardiovascular SurgeryFunabashi Municipal Medical Center Heart and Vascular InstituteFunabashiJapan
| | - Kengo Tani
- Division of Cardiovascular SurgeryFunabashi Municipal Medical Center Heart and Vascular InstituteFunabashiJapan
| | - Yoshiharu Takahara
- Division of Cardiovascular SurgeryFunabashi Municipal Medical Center Heart and Vascular InstituteFunabashiJapan
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Shakhatreh MAK, Al-Rawi OF, Swedan SF, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Al-Fandi M. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Citrobacter freundii as Antibiofilm Agents with their Cytotoxic Effects on Human Cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:1254-1263. [PMID: 33081683 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201020162158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomaterials have recently been identified for their potential benefits in the areas of medicine and pharmaceuticals. Among these nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been widely utilized in the fields of diagnostics, antimicrobials, and catalysis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential utility of Citrobacter freundii in the synthesis of silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), and to determine the antimicrobial activities of the Ag-NPs produced. METHODS Aqueous Ag+ ions were reduced when exposed to C. freundii extract and sunlight, leading to the formation of Ag-NPs. Qualitative microanalysis for the synthesized Ag-NPs was done using UVvis spectrometry, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The hydrodynamic size and stability of the particles were detected using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis. The Ag-NPs' anti-planktonic and anti-biofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are two important skin and wound pathogens, were investigated. The cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblast cell line was also determined. RESULTS Ag-NPs were spherical with a size range between 15 to 30 nm. Furthermore, Ag-NPs displayed potent bactericidal activities against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and showed noticeable anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus biofilms. Ag-NPs induced minor cytotoxic effects on human cells as indicated by a reduction in cell viability, a disruption of plasma membrane integrity, and apoptosis induction. CONCLUSION Ag-NPs generated in this study might be a future potential alternative to be used as antimicrobial agents in pharmaceutical applications for wound and skin related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad A K Shakhatreh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F Al-Rawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Samer F Swedan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohamed Al-Fandi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Dziri R, Kuşkucu MA, Arfaoui A, Fethi M, Ifaoui S, Bellaaj R, Ouzari I, Saltoğlu N, Klibi N. Whole Genome Sequencing of a Citrobacter freundii Strain Isolated from the Hospital Environment: An Extremely Multiresistant NDM-1 and VIM-48 Coproducing Isolate. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:18-22. [PMID: 34348037 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii has acquired resistance to several antimicrobial drugs, including last-resort antibiotics affecting, therefore, clinical efficacy and causing high rates of mortality. In this study, we investigate the whole genome sequence of a carbapenem-resistant C. freundii strain isolated from the hospital environment in Tunisia. A total of 210 samples were taken using sterile swabs, from inanimate surfaces, medical devices, and care staff, during the period extended between March and April 2019. After the microbiological analysis of samples and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, only one strain identified as C. freundii showing resistance to carbapenems was selected for the whole genome sequencing. The genome analysis revealed a high-level resistance to most antibiotics. Interestingly, we have noted the coexistence of blaNDM-1 and blaVIM-48 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) encoding genes conferring resistance to carbapenems. Other β-lactamases encoding genes have also been detected, including blaTEM-1, blaCMY-48, and blaOXA-1. Moreover, genes conferring resistance to aminoglycoside [aac(3)-IId, ant(3″)-Ia, aadA, aac(6')-Ib], macrolide [mph(A)], sulfonamide (sul1), trimethoprim (dfrA1), tetracycline [tet(D)], chloramphenicol [cat(B3)], rifamycin (arr-3), and quinolone (qnrB) have been revealed. The multi-locus sequence typing analysis showed that this isolate could not be assigned to an existing sequence type (ST), but it is almost identical to ST22. The plasmid investigation revealed the presence of five plasmids belonging to diverse incompatibility groups (IncFII, IncHI1A, IncHI1B, IncN, and IncX3). To the best of our knowledge, our findings report the first detection of NDM-1 and VIM-48 coproducing C. freundii in Tunisia and the second detection in the world of the blaVIM-48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mert Ahmet Kuşkucu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Amani Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meha Fethi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Safa Ifaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Bellaaj
- Service of Hospital Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imene Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Neşe Saltoğlu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Cai DH, Wang J, Fang XL. A case of triple infection including strongyloides stercoralis in a microscopic polyangiitis patient. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 34:101479. [PMID: 34401314 PMCID: PMC8350363 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) patient who developed strongyloidiasis, nocardia and citrobacter freundii (CF) infection after corticosteroides and immunosuppressant therapy. When digestive, respiratory or other system symptoms consecutively occur in a immunocompromised host who lives in tropical or temperate zone and have close contact with soil, we should take strongyloidiasis into consideration despite absence of eosinophilia. Mixed infection with nocardia cannot be easily excluded. It is essential to search for the etiology proof with multiple approaches positively and repeatedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Han Cai
- Nephrology Department in Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department II of Respiratory and Critical Care in Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Fang
- Department II of Respiratory and Critical Care in Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Jolivet S, Couturier J, Vuillemin X, Gouot C, Nesa D, Adam M, Brissot E, Mohty M, Bonnin RA, Dortet L, Barbut F. Outbreak of OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales in a haematological ward associated with an uncommon environmental reservoir, France, 2016 to 2019. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34047273 PMCID: PMC8161731 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.21.2000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The hospital water environment, including the wastewater drainage system, is increasingly reported as a potential reservoir for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). We investigated a persistent outbreak of OXA-48 CPE (primarily Citrobacter freundii) in a haematological ward of a French teaching hospital by epidemiological, microbiological and environmental methods. Between January 2016 and June 2019, we detected 37 new OXA-48 CPE-colonised and/or ‑infected patients in the haematological ward. In October 2017, a unit dedicated to CPE-colonised and/or ‑infected patients was created. Eleven additional sporadic acquisitions were identified after this date without any obvious epidemiological link between patients, except in one case. Environmental investigations of the haematological ward (June–August 2018) identified seven of 74 toilets and one of 39 drains positive for OXA-48 CPE (seven C. freundii, one Enterobacter sakazakii, one Escherichia coli). Whole genome comparisons identified a clonal dissemination of OXA-48-producing C. freundii from the hospital environment to patients. In addition to strict routine infection control measures, an intensive cleaning programme was performed (descaling and bleaching) and all toilet bowls and tanks were changed. These additional measures helped to contain the outbreak. This study highlights that toilets can be a possible source of transmission of OXA-48 CPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jolivet
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité d'Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Couturier
- Unité INSERM S-1139, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Vuillemin
- Unité d'Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Gouot
- Unité d'Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Didier Nesa
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marine Adam
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eolia Brissot
- Service d'Hématologie clinique et Thérapie cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRs 938, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Service d'Hématologie clinique et Thérapie cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRs 938, Paris, France
| | - Rémy A Bonnin
- Bacteriology-Hygiene unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Unité EA7361 "Structure, dynamic, function and expression of broad spectrum β-lactamases", Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, LabEx Lermit, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Dortet
- Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Bacteriology-Hygiene unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Unité EA7361 "Structure, dynamic, function and expression of broad spectrum β-lactamases", Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, LabEx Lermit, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Barbut
- Unité INSERM S-1139, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Microbiologie de l'Environnement, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité d'Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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López-Hernández I, Delgado-Valverde M, Fernández-Cuenca F, López-Cerero L, Machuca J, Pascual Á. Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Andalusia, Spain, 2014-2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:2218-2222. [PMID: 32818413 PMCID: PMC7454067 DOI: 10.3201/eid2609.191772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria is a major public health concern. We used data collected from microbiology laboratories as part of the PIRASOA program during 2014-2018 to study the epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in Andalusia, Spain. Our findings highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance and epidemiologic studies for these bacteria.
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Zhao N, Yang J, Wang P, Li L, Yan H, Wang X, Liu D. Citrobacter freundii causing Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Rot in Tangshan, China. Plant Dis 2021; 105:3737. [PMID: 33934637 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2368-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is an important economic crop and its rhizome can be used as seasoning agent and traditional medicine in China. During July 2018 and 2019, decay symptoms occurred in the ginger planting area of Tangshan City, Hebei Province, with incidence rates of 15%~20%. The pathogen infected the rhizomes and leaves. The symptoms included leaves chlorosis and gradually wilting, even the whole plant wilted, the rhizome became soft and presented light brown maceration. In serious cases, the interior of rhizome was completely eroded, gray-white juice overflowing the epidermis, and with foul smell. The rhizome surfaces of ginger plants were disinfected with 1% NaOCl, and colonies were isolated and purified on nutrient agar (NA) solid medium by streaking. Eight isolates were obtained from 15 diseased tissue samples. Further morphological, physiological and biochemical identification of the pure cultured bacteria were carried out. Three strains of bacteria were picked for further analysis. All of the three strains were gram-negative, short rod-shaped,nonmotile bacillus. Colonies were round and milky yellow, smooth raised, and moist after incubation at 28°C for 24h on NA. Physiological and biochemical test results showed that strains were facultatively anaerobic, negative for indole, methyl red, the Voges-Prauskauer test (V-P) and urease; positive for glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, inositol, mannitol, citrate utilization and hydrogen sulfide production; gelatin liquefaction. A typical hypersensitive reaction was induced on 12-week-old tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves, which were inoculated by injecting suspensions of the isolated strain (108 CFU/mL) at 25 ℃ after 24h. These characteristics were consistent with Citrobacter freundii (Werkman and Gillen 1932). To further assess the identity of the strains, the genomic DNA was extracted from one bacterium(JXJ4). The partial 16S rRNA region (Lane 1991) and specific rpoB and gyrB genes (Mollet et al. 1997, Brady et al. 2013) were amplified and sequenced with primers 27F/1492R, CM7/CM31b and UP1f/UP2r, respectively. The obtained 16S, rpoB and gyrB sequences (GenBank accession MN148645, MN158728 and MW199734) of the isolate showed 99.93%, 99.51% and 99.82% identity to the corresponding sequences of C. freundii in GenBank (CP024679.1, CP024677.1 and KM509081.1). Maximum likelihood analysis was performed, and the phylogenetic tree clustered with C. freundii (MEGAX, Bootstrap n=1000). The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested on ginger plants and rhizomes tissue. The bacterial suspensions (108 CFU/mL) of three isolates were injected into the basal stem and rhizomes center of 9 healthy ginger seedlings respectively, and Control groups were treated with sterile water. The inoculated plants were kept in a moist chamber (28°C, 16-h light and 8-h dark period) and ginger rhizomes were placed in the incubator (30°C, 16-h light and 8-h dark period). Seven days after inoculation, the ginger tubers showed symptoms of decay, and 20 to 25 days later, the ginger plant leaves browned and died. The pathogenicity test was repeated 4 times and all controls were healthy. Pathogens were reisolated from symptomatic plants and rhizomes and identified as C. freundii based on the morphological, biochemical and molecular methods described previously, fulfilling Koch's hypothesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ginger rot caused by C. freundii in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Baoding City, Hebei ProvinceBaoding, Hebei, China, 253800
- Baoding, Hebei, China, 253800;
| | | | | | | | - Hongfei Yan
- Hebei Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, New urban area, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China, 071000;
| | | | - Daqun Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Graduate School, 471747, Beijing, Beijing, China;
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Cheng K, Fang LX, Ge QW, Wang D, He B, Lu JQ, Zhong ZX, Wang XR, Yu Y, Lian XL, Liao XP, Sun J, Liu YH. Emergence of fosA3 and bla CTX-M- 14 in Multidrug-Resistant Citrobacter freundii Isolates From Flowers and the Retail Environment in China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:586504. [PMID: 33613474 PMCID: PMC7893115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.586504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the prevalence and transmission of the fosA3 gene among Citrobacter freundii isolates from flowers and the retail environments. We identified 11 fosfomycin-resistant C. freundii strains (>256 μg/mL) from 270 samples that included petals (n = 7), leaves (n = 2), dust (n = 1) and water (n = 1). These 11 isolates were multidrug-resistant and most were simultaneously resistant to fosfomycin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and amikacin. Consistently, all 11 isolates also possessed blaCTX–M–14, blaCMY–65/122, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, qnrB13/6/38 and rmtB. These fosA3-positive isolates were assigned to two distinct PFGE patterns and one (n = 9) predominated indicating clonal expansion of fosA3-positive isolates across flower markets and shops. Correspondingly, fosA3 was co-transferred with blaCTX–M–14via two plasmid types by conjugation possessing sizes of 110 kb (n = 9) and 260 kb (n = 2). Two representatives were fully sequenced and p12-1 and pS39-1 possessed one and two unclassified replicons, respectively. These plasmids shared a distinctive and conserved backbone in common with fosA3-carrying C. freundii and other Enterobacteriaceae from human and food animals. However, the fosA3-blaCTX–M–14-containing multidrug resistance regions on these untypable plasmids were highly heterogeneous. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of fosA3 and blaCTX–M–14 that were present in bacterial contaminants from flower shops and markets. These findings underscore a public health threat posed by untypable and transferable p12-1-like and pS39-1-like plasmids bearing fosA3-blaCTX–M–14 that could circulate among Enterobacteriaceae species and in particular C. freundi in environmental isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Wen Ge
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing He
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi Lu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xing Zhong
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ran Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lei Lian
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Chen C, Wang Z, Zhao M, Yuan B, Yao J, Chen J, Hrynshpan D, Savitskaya T. A fungus-bacterium co-culture synergistically promoted nitrogen removal by enhancing enzyme activity and electron transfer. Sci Total Environ 2021; 754:142109. [PMID: 32898784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Penicillium citrinum WXP-2 and the bacterium Citrobacter freundii WXP-9 were isolated and found to have poor denitrification performance. Surprisingly, co-culture of the two strains which formed fungus-bacterium pellets (FBPs) promoted the removal efficiency of nitrate (NO3--N; 95.78%) and total nitrogen (TN; 81.73%). Nitrogen balance analysis showed that excess degraded NO3--N was primarily converted to N2 (77.53%). Moreover, co-culture increased the dry weight to 0.74 g/L. The diameter of pellets and cell viability also increased by 1.49 and 1.78 times, respectively, indicating that the co-culture exerted a synergistic effect to promote growth. The increase in electron-transmission system activity [99.01 mg iodonitrotetrazolium formazan/(g·L)] and nitrate reductase activity [8.65 mg N/(min·mg protein)] were responsible for denitrification promotion. The FBPs also exhibited the highest degradation rate at 2:1 inoculation ratio and 36 h delayed inoculation of strain WXP-9. Finally, recycling experiments of FBP demonstrated that the high steady TN removal rate could be maintained for five cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- College of Environmental, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Environmental, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Bohan Yuan
- College of Environmental, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jiachao Yao
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Dzmitry Hrynshpan
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Savitskaya
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220030, Belarus
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Yang J, Tian T, Xiao K, Zeng Q, Tan C, Du H. Pathogenic infection and immune-related gene expression of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) challenged by Citrobacter freundii. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103872. [PMID: 32949686 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii is one of the important bacterial diseases responsible for disease outbreaks to wild and cultured fishes globally. However, no known empirical research has focused on exploring relationships between immune response after C. freundii infection in sturgeons. In this study, C. freundii was isolated and identified from artificially breeding Chinese sturgeon, and global measurement of transcriptome response to C. freundii infection in head-kidney and spleen of A. sinensis were conducted to the acknowledgement of the potential mechanisms of pathogen-host interaction triggered by the bacterial infection. In total, differentially expressed genes which significantly associated with immune responses were found to be participated in antigen processing and presentation (MHC I, MHC II, HspA1, Hsp90A, Hsp70, CTSL, and CTSE), and acute phase response (serotransferrin and CP), as well as changing of other immune-related cytokine, such as chemokine and interferon, which proving their reacting and regulatory role during the response of thehost against C. freundii infection in fish. C. freundii can cause serious disease in sturgeon species was first reported in this study, and innate immune responses to C. freundii infection in this study will be conducive to understand the defense mechanisms and making appropriate prevention strategies in A. sinensis aquaculture operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
| | - Kan Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
| | - Chun Tan
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
| | - Hejun Du
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
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Choudhuri I, Khanra K, Maity P, Patra A, Maity GN, Pati BR, Nag A, Mondal S, Bhattacharyya N. Structure and biological properties of exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:537-549. [PMID: 33316341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization, antioxidant activity in vitro, cytotoxicity study of an exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii. Firstly, the culture conditions were standardized by the Design of experiments (DoE) based approach, and the final yield of thecrude exopolysaccharide was optimized at 2568 ± 169 mg L-1. One large fraction of exopolysaccharide was obtained from the culture filtrate by size exclusion chromatography and molecular characteristics were studied. A new mannose rich exopolysaccharide (Fraction-I) with average molecular weight ~ 1.34 × 105 Da was isolated. The sugar analysis showed the presence of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of nearly 7:2 respectively. The structure of the repeating unit in the exopolysaccharide was determined through chemical and 1D/2D- NMR experiments as: Finally, the antioxidant activity, and the cytotoxicity of the exopolysaccharide were investigated and the relationship with molecular properties was discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Choudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Kalyani Khanra
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Prasenjit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Sabang Sajanikanta Mahavidyalaya, Sabang, Paschim Midnapore, West Bengal PIN-721166, India
| | - Anutosh Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Gajendra Nath Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India
| | - Bikas Ranjan Pati
- Dept. of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721102, India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru PIN-560029, India
| | - Soumitra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India.
| | - Nandan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College, P.O. - Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur, West Bengal PIN-721152, India.
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Bitar I, Papagiannitsis CC, Kraftova L, Chudejova K, Mattioni Marchetti V, Hrabak J. Detection of Five mcr-9-Carrying Enterobacterales Isolates in Four Czech Hospitals. mSphere 2020; 5:e01008-20. [PMID: 33298573 DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.01008-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing bacteria have led to the revival of polymyxins as the “last-resort” antibiotic. Since 2016, several reports describing the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes, mcr, in different host species and geographic areas were published. The aim of this study was to report the characterization of the first mcr-positive Enterobacterales isolated from Czech hospitals. In 2019, one Citrobacter freundii and four Enterobacter isolates were recovered from Czech hospitals. The production of carbapenemases was examined by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) imipenem hydrolysis assay. Additionally, bacteria were screened for the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes by PCR. To define the genetic units carrying mcr genes, the genomic DNAs of mcr-carrying clinical isolates were sequenced on the PacBio Sequel I platform. Results showed that all isolates carried blaVIM- and mcr-like genes. Analysis of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data revealed that all isolates carried mcr-9-like alleles. Furthermore, the three sequence type 106 (ST106) Enterobacter hormaechei isolates harbored the blaVIM-1 gene, while the ST764 E. hormaechei and ST95 C. freundii included blaVIM-4. Analysis of plasmid sequences showed that, in all isolates, mcr-9 was carried on IncHI2 plasmids. Additionally, at least one multidrug resistance (MDR) region was identified in each mcr-9-carrying IncHI2 plasmid. The blaVIM-4 gene was found in the MDR regions of p48880_MCR_VIM and p51929_MCR_VIM. In the three remaining isolates, blaVIM-1 was localized on plasmids (∼55 kb) exhibiting repA-like sequences 99% identical to the respective gene of pKPC-CAV1193. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, these 5 isolates were the first mcr-9-positive bacteria of clinical origin identified in the Czech Republic. Additionally, the carriage of the blaVIM-1 on pKPC-CAV1193-like plasmids is described for the first time. Thus, our findings underline the ongoing evolution of mobile elements implicated in the dissemination of clinically important resistance determinants. IMPORTANCE Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing bacteria have led to the revival of polymyxins as the “last-resort” antibiotic. Since 2016, several reports describing the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes, mcr, in different host species and geographic areas were published. Here, we report the first detection of Enterobacterales carrying mcr-9-like alleles isolated from Czech hospitals in 2019. Furthermore, the three ST106 Enterobacter hormaechei isolates harbored blaVIM-1, while the ST764 E. hormaechei and ST95 Citrobacter freundii isolates included blaVIM-4. Analysis of WGS data showed that, in all isolates, mcr-9 was carried on IncHI2 plasmids. blaVIM-4 was found in the MDR regions of IncHI2 plasmids, while blaVIM-1 was localized on pKPC-CAV1193-like plasmids, described here for the first time. These findings underline the ongoing evolution of mobile elements implicated in dissemination of clinically important resistance determinants. Thus, WGS characterization of MDR bacteria is crucial to unravel the mechanisms involved in dissemination of resistance mechanisms.
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Warnow IE, Ayoola YA, Daniel A, Raymond MP, Abubakar ML, Adeniji RY, Joel Z, Abdulkarim H, Manga M, Okolie HI. Citrobacter freundii: A Cause of Cardiac Tamponade and Empyema Thoracis in a Nigerian Child. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2020; 30:121-123. [PMID: 33282654 PMCID: PMC7706380 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter infection is an uncommon but serious, difficult to treat infection associated with high mortality. Accumulation of pus or fluid in a pericardial space causes restriction of cardiac filling and consequent decrease in cardiac output. We herein report Citrobacter freundii, a rare infectious cause of this uncommon disorder. Our patient is a 10yr old male referred with complaints of cough productive of mucoid sputum and associated chest pain of two weeks duration, difficulty in breathing and orthopnoea for one week. He was acutely ill looking in respiratory distress with tachypnoea and tachycardia. Blood pressure was normal with pulsus alternans, there was increased jugular venous pressure, diffused apex beat and distant heart sounds with pericardial rub. Retroviral screening and gene Xpert for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were negative. Chest radiograph showed enlarged heart of "water bottle" appearance with cardiothoracic ratio of 0.77 and right sided pleural effusion which was drained. Transthoracic Echocardiogram confirm pyopericardium with multiples echoes in cardiac temponade. Echo-guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis yielded 600mls of purulent aspirates. Citrobacter freundii Sensitive to gentamycin, co-amoxiclav but resistant to cefuroxime and cefixime was cultured from pericardial aspirates and sputum. Patient recovered fully after pericardiocentesis and intravenous antibiotics. In this case report, we describe Citrobacter freundii causing cardiac temponade and empyema in a Nigerian immunocompetent child which to our knowledge has thus far not been reported. Pyopericardium may follow rare causes as Citrobacter freundii which require high index of suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Elon Warnow
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
| | | | - Apollos Daniel
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Zwabragi Joel
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Halima Abdulkarim
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Manga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Henry I Okolie
- Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria
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Wang J, Xia YB, Huang XY, Wang Y, Lv LC, Lin QQ, Yi MY, Lu PL, Liu JH, Zeng ZL. Emergence of blaNDM-5 in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Companion Animals in Guangzhou, China. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:809-815. [PMID: 33216688 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and characterization of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from companion animals in Guangzhou, China, are investigated. Six isolates (2.3%, 6/257) were positive for blaNDM-5, that is, one Enterobacter cloacae, one Citrobacter freundii, and four Escherichia coli. Three E. coli isolates obtained from the same animal hospital were ST410 and showed identical pulse field gel electrophoresis pattern, resistance profiles, and resistance genes. blaNDM-5 was located on IncX3 (n = 5) and IncK2 (n = 1) plasmid, respectively. The presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among companion animals needs continued surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Bi Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Chao Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ying Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Lan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Jia K, Yang N, Zhang X, Cai R, Zhang Y, Tian J, Raza SHA, Kang Y, Qian A, Li Y, Sun W, Shen J, Yao J, Shan X, Zhang L, Wang G. Genomic, Morphological and Functional Characterization of Virulent Bacteriophage IME-JL8 Targeting Citrobacter freundii. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585261. [PMID: 33329451 PMCID: PMC7717962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii refers to a fish pathogen extensively reported to be able to cause injury and high mortality. Phage therapy is considered a process to alternatively control bacterial infections and contaminations. In the present study, the isolation of a virulent bacteriophage IME-JL8 isolated from sewage was presented, and such bacteriophage was characterized to be able to infect Citrobacter freundii specifically. Phage IME-JL8 has been classified as the member of the Siphoviridae family, which exhibits the latent period of 30–40 min. The pH and thermal stability of phage IME-JL8 demonstrated that this bacteriophage achieved a pH range of 4–10 as well as a temperature range of 4, 25, and 37°C. As revealed from the results of whole genomic sequence analysis, IME-JL8 covers a double-stranded genome of 49,838 bp (exhibiting 47.96% G+C content), with 80 putative coding sequences contained. No bacterial virulence- or lysogenesis-related ORF was identified in the IME-JL8 genome, so it could be applicable to phage therapy. As indicated by the in vitro experiments, phage IME-JL8 is capable of effectively removing bacteria (the colony count decreased by 6.8 log units at 20 min), and biofilm can be formed in 24 h. According to the in vivo experiments, administrating IME-JL8 (1 × 107 PFU) was demonstrated to effectively protect the fish exhibiting a double median lethal dose (2 × 109 CFU/carp). Moreover, the phage treatment led to the decline of pro-inflammatory cytokines in carp with lethal infections. IME-JL8 was reported to induce efficient lysis of Citrobacter freundii both in vitro and in vivo, thereby demonstrating its potential as an alternative treatment strategy for infections attributed to Citrobacter freundii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nuo Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Research Management Office, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ruopeng Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Yuanhuan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wuwen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Shen
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Jiayun Yao
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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50
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Liu L, Song L, Deng R, Lan R, Jin W, Tran Van Nhieu G, Cao H, Liu Q, Xiao Y, Li X, Meng G, Ren Z. Citrobacter freundii Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome via the Type VI Secretion System. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:2174-2185. [PMID: 33151309 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii is a significant cause of human infections, responsible for food poisoning, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections. We previously identified a highly cytotoxic and adhesive C. freundii strain CF74 expressing a type VI secretion system (T6SS). In this study, we showed that in mice-derived macrophages, C. freundii CF74 activated the Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain -Like Receptor Family, Pyrin Domain Containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasomes in a T6SS-dependent manner. The C. freundii T6SS activated the inflammasomes mainly through caspase 1 and mediated pyroptosis of macrophages by releasing the cleaved gasdermin-N domain. The CF74 T6SS was required for flagellin-induced interleukin 1β release by macrophages. We further show that the T6SS tail component and effector, hemolysin co-regulation protein-2 (Hcp-2), was necessary and sufficient to trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In vivo, the T6SS played a key role in mediating interleukin 1β secretion and the survival of mice during C. freundii infection in mice. These findings provide novel insights into the role of T6SS in the pathogenesis of C. freundii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Deng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wenjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guy Tran Van Nhieu
- Calcium Signaling and Microbial Infections, Inserm U1282, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Huifang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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