1
|
Hansen ML, Dénes Z, Jarmusch SA, Wibowo M, Lozano-Andrade CN, Kovács ÁT, Strube ML, Andersen AJC, Jelsbak L. Resistance towards and biotransformation of a Pseudomonas-produced secondary metabolite during community invasion. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae105. [PMID: 38874164 PMCID: PMC11203913 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The role of antagonistic secondary metabolites produced by Pseudomonas protegens in suppression of soil-borne phytopathogens has been clearly documented. However, their contribution to the ability of P. protegens to establish in soil and rhizosphere microbiomes remains less clear. Here, we use a four-species synthetic community (SynCom) in which individual members are sensitive towards key P. protegens antimicrobial metabolites (DAPG, pyoluteorin, and orfamide A) to determine how antibiotic production contributes to P. protegens community invasion and to identify community traits that counteract the antimicrobial effects. We show that P. protegens readily invades and alters the SynCom composition over time, and that P. protegens establishment requires production of DAPG and pyoluteorin. An orfamide A-deficient mutant of P. protegens invades the community as efficiently as wildtype, and both cause similar perturbations to community composition. Here, we identify the microbial interactions underlying the absence of an orfamide A mediated impact on the otherwise antibiotic-sensitive SynCom member, and show that the cyclic lipopeptide is inactivated and degraded by the combined action of Rhodococcus globerulus D757 and Stenotrophomonas indicatrix D763. Altogether, the demonstration that the synthetic community constrains P. protegens invasion by detoxifying its antibiotics may provide a mechanistic explanation to inconsistencies in biocontrol effectiveness in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten L Hansen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zsófia Dénes
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Scott A Jarmusch
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carlos N Lozano-Andrade
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ákos T Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael L Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aaron J C Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Jelsbak
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ausbacher D, Miller LA, Goeres DM, Stewart PS, Strøm MB, Fallarero A. α,α-disubstituted β-amino amides eliminate Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by membrane disruption and biomass removal. Biofilm 2023; 6:100151. [PMID: 37662850 PMCID: PMC10474319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms account for up to 80% of all infections and complicate successful therapies due to their intrinsic tolerance to antibiotics. Biofilms also cause serious problems in the industrial sectors, for instance due to the deterioration of metals or microbial contamination of products. Efforts are put in finding novel strategies in both avoiding and fighting biofilms. Biofilm control is achieved by killing and/or removing biofilm or preventing transition to the biofilm lifestyle. Previous research reported on the anti-biofilm potency of α,α-disubstituted β-amino amides A1, A2 and A3, which are small antimicrobial peptidomimetics with a molecular weight below 500 Da. In the current study it was investigated if these derivatives cause a fast disintegration of biofilm bacteria and removal of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. One hour incubation of biofilms with all three derivatives resulted in reduced metabolic activity and membrane permeabilization in S. aureus (ATCC 25923) biofilms. Bactericidal properties of these derivatives were attributed to a direct effect on membranes of biofilm bacteria. The green fluorescence protein expressing Staphylococcus aureus strain AH2547 was cultivated in a CDC biofilm reactor and utilized for disinfectant efficacy testing of A3, following the single tube method (American Society for Testing and Materials designation number E2871). A3 at a concentration of 90 μM acted as fast as 100 μM chlorhexidine and was equally effective. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies showed that chlorhexidine treatment lead to fluorescence fading indicating membrane permeabilization but did not cause biomass removal. In contrast, A3 treatment caused a simultaneous biofilm fluorescence loss and biomass removal. These dual anti-biofilm properties make α,α-disubstituted β-amino amides promising scaffolds in finding new control strategies against recalcitrant biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ausbacher
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lindsey A. Miller
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Darla M. Goeres
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Philip S. Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Morten B. Strøm
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Robertson EB, Willett JLE. Streptococcus mutans inhibits the growth of Enterococcus via the non-ribosomal cyclic peptide mutanobactin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557362. [PMID: 37745448 PMCID: PMC10515869 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium in the gastrointestinal tract and an opportunistic pathogen. Enterococci are a leading cause of nosocomial infections, treatment of which is complicated by intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Additionally, E. faecalis has been associated with various oral diseases, and it is frequently implicated in the failure of endodontic treatment. For establishment and persistence in a microbial community, E. faecalis must successfully compete against other bacteria. Streptococcal species play an important role in the establishment of the oral microbiome and co-exist with Enterococcus in the small intestine, yet the nature of interactions between E. faecalis and oral streptococci remains unclear. Here, we describe a mechanism by which Streptococcus mutans inhibits the growth of E. faecalis and other Gram-positive pathogens through the production of mutanobactin, a cyclic lipopeptide. Mutanobactin is produced by a polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase hybrid system encoded by the mub locus. Mutanobactin-producing S. mutans inhibits planktonic and biofilm growth of E. faecalis and is also active against other Enterococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus. Mutanobactin damages the cell envelope of E. faecalis, similar to other lipopeptide antibiotics like daptomycin. E. faecalis resistance to mutanobactin is mediated by the virulence factor gelatinase, a secreted metalloprotease. Our results highlight the anti-biofilm potential of the microbial natural product mutanobactin, provide insight into how E. faecalis interacts with other organisms in the human microbiome, and demonstrate the importance of studying E. faecalis dynamics within polymicrobial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B. Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Julia L. E. Willett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kirchner L, Marciniak T, Ziebuhr W, Scherf-Clavel O, Holzgrabe U. Development, validation and application of a selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of daptomycin in a suspension of Mammaliicoccus sciuri in Mueller-Hinton broth. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115293. [PMID: 36822068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Reports of therapy failures related to the use of daptomycin (DAP) are steadily increasing. This is mainly due to emerging DAP resistance for which, however, the underlying mechanism is often unknown. To elucidate the mode of action of novel DAP resistance traits it is indispensable to reliably detect and quantify DAP in complex matrices such as bacterial culture media. In this study, we established a selective and sensitive quantification method for DAP upon growth of a DAP resistant Mammaliicoccus sciuri strain in Mueller-Hinton medium. The method combined methanol-induced protein precipitation followed by high performance liquid chromatography with gradient elution coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using daptomycin-d5 as internal standard. All validation parameters met the acceptance criteria of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guideline on bioanalytical method validation. We successfully applied this highly selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of DAP in in vitro studies addressing DAP resistance mechanisms in Gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kirchner
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Tessa Marciniak
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Scherf-Clavel
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stallforth P, Mittag M, Brakhage AA, Hertweck C, Hellmich UA. Functional modulation of chemical mediators in microbial communities. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:71-81. [PMID: 35981931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between microorganisms are often mediated by specialized metabolites. Although the structures and biosynthesis of these compounds may have been elucidated, microbes exist within complex microbiomes and chemical signals can thus also be subject to community-dependent modifications. Increasingly powerful chemical and biological tools allow to shed light on this poorly understood aspect of chemical ecology. We provide an overview of loss-of-function and gain-of-function chemical mediator (CM) modifications within microbial multipartner relationships. Although loss-of-function modifications are abundant in the literature, few gain-of-function modifications have been described despite their important role in microbial interactions. Research in this field holds great potential for our understanding of microbial interactions and may also provide novel tools for targeted interference with microbial signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Stallforth
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Maria Mittag
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Daptomycin Physiology-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Drug Exposure and Pharmacodynamics in Skin and Bone Tissues. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:1443-1456. [PMID: 35972685 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Daptomycin has been recommended in the treatment of bone and joint infection. Previous work showed that the approved dosage of daptomycin may be insufficient to achieve optimal exposure in patients with bone and joint infection. However, those studies assumed that bone exposure was similar to steady-state daptomycin-free plasma concentrations. We sought to establish a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of daptomycin to describe the dynamics of daptomycin disposition in bone and skin tissue. METHODS A PBPK model of daptomycin was built using PK-Sim®. Daptomycin concentrations in plasma and bone were obtained from three previously published studies. Physicochemical drug characteristics, mass balance, anthropometrics, and experimental data were used to build and refine the PBPK model. Internal validation of the PBPK model was performed using the usual diagnostic plots. The final PBPK model was then used to run simulations with doses of 6, 8, 10, and 12 mg/kg/24 h. Pharmacokinetic profiles were simulated in 1000 subjects and the probabilities of target attainment for the area under the concentration-time curve over the bacterial minimum inhibitory concentration were computed in blood, skin, and bone compartments. RESULTS The final model showed a good fit of all datasets with an absolute average fold error between 0.5 and 2 for all pharmacokinetic quantities in blood, skin and bone tissues. Results of dosing simulations showed that doses ≥10 mg/kg should be used in the case of bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration >0.5 mg/L or Enterococcus faecalis with a minimum inhibitory concentration >1 mg/L, while doses ≥12 mg/kg should be used in the case of bone and joint infection or complicated skin infection. When considering a lower minimum inhibitory concentration, doses of 6-8 mg/kg would likely achieve a sufficient success rate. However, in the case of infections caused by E. faecalis with a minimum inhibitory concentration >2 mg/L, a higher dosage and combination therapy would be necessary to maximize efficacy. CONCLUSIONS We developed the first daptomycin PBPK/pharmacodynamic model for bone and joint infection, which confirmed that a higher daptomycin dosage is needed to optimize exposure in bone tissue. However, such higher dosages raise safety concerns. In this setting, therapeutic drug monitoring and model-informed precision dosing appear necessary to ensure the right exposure on an individual basis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Comprehensive degradation study of lipoglycodepsipeptide antibiotic ramoplanin by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
8
|
Tsuji Y. Hospital Pharmacometrics for Optimal Individual Administration of Antimicrobial Agents for Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infected Patients. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1174-1183. [PMID: 34471044 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring and target concentration intervention based on population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models has been strongly recommended for anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agents in order to provide appropriate antimicrobial chemotherapy to each individual patient, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses in hospitalized patients have been actively conducted, as evidenced with vancomycin. Teicoplanin, daptomycin, and linezolid have been the most studied antibiotics, using population pharmacokinetics of patients with MRSA. Infections caused by MRSA have higher severity and fatality rates than other antimicrobial-susceptible infections. Therefore, many medical facilities have been implementing infection control programs based on antimicrobial stewardship to prevent nosocomial infections and drug-resistant strains. Studies detailing pharmacometrics for these antibiotics have been reported to elucidate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, to determine significant factors influencing variabilities between individuals, and to develop target concentration interventions and dosing regimens for adults, the elderly, patients with renal insufficiency including those on continuous renal replacement therapies, patients with low body weight, obese patients, and pediatric patients. This review presents the details of our recent research on the optimal dosing design of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of MRSA infection based on hospital pharmacometrics. In addition, the prospect of using modeling and simulation has shown major advantages in supporting dosing regimen selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsuji
- Center for Pharmacist Education, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu Z, Kim GJ, Park SY, Shon JC, Liu KH, Choi H. In Vitro Metabolism Study of Seongsanamide A in Human Liver Microsomes Using Non-Targeted Metabolomics and Feature-Based Molecular Networking. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071031. [PMID: 34371722 PMCID: PMC8309059 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seongsanamide A is a bicyclic peptide with an isodityrosine residue discovered in Bacillus safensis KCTC 12796BP which exhibits anti-allergic activity in vitro and in vivo without significant cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the in vitro metabolic pathway and potential for drug interactions of seongsanamide A in human liver microsomes using non-targeted metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) techniques. We identified four metabolites, and their structures were elucidated by interpretation of high-resolution tandem mass spectra. The primary metabolic pathway associated with seongsanamide A metabolism was hydroxylation and oxidative hydrolysis. A reaction phenotyping study was also performed using recombinant cytochrome P450 isoforms. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were identified as the major metabolic enzymes responsible for metabolite formation. Seongsanamide A did not inhibit the cytochrome P450 isoforms commonly involved in drug metabolism (IC50 > 10 µM). These results will contribute to further understanding the metabolism and drug interaction potential of various bicyclic peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhexue Wu
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Geum Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - So-Young Park
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (J.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (H.C.); Tel.: +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2824 (H.C.); FAX: +82- 53-950-8557 (K.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2036 (H.C.)
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (H.C.); Tel.: +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2824 (H.C.); FAX: +82- 53-950-8557 (K.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2036 (H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baltz RH. Genome mining for drug discovery: cyclic lipopeptides related to daptomycin. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6178872. [PMID: 33739403 PMCID: PMC9113097 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics structurally related to daptomycin were first reported in the 1950s. Several have common lipopeptide initiation, elongation, and termination mechanisms. Initiation requires the use of a fatty acyl-AMP ligase (FAAL), a free-standing acyl carrier protein (ACP), and a specialized condensation (CIII) domain on the first NRPS elongation module to couple the long chain fatty acid to the first amino acid. Termination is carried out by a dimodular NRPS that contains a terminal thioesterase (Te) domain (CAT-CATTe). Lipopeptide BGCs also encode ABC transporters, apparently for export and resistance. The use of this mechanism of initiation, elongation, and termination, coupled with molecular target-agnostic resistance, has provided a unique basis for robust natural and experimental combinatorial biosynthesis to generate a large variety of structurally related compounds, some with altered or different antibacterial mechanisms of action. The FAAL, ACP, and dimodular NRPS genes were used as molecular beacons to identify phylogenetically related BGCs by BLASTp analysis of finished and draft genome sequences. These and other molecular beacons have identified: (i) known, but previously unsequenced lipopeptide BGCs in draft genomes; (ii) a new daptomycin family BGC in a draft genome of Streptomyces sedi; and (iii) novel lipopeptide BGCs in the finished genome of Streptomyces ambofaciens and the draft genome of Streptomyces zhaozhouensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Baltz
- CognoGen Biotechnology Consulting, 7757 Uliva Way, Sarasota, FL 34238, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schindl K, Sharma D, Spiteller D. Deacylation of Calcium-Dependent Antibiotics from Streptomyces violaceoruber in Co-culture with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3151-3157. [PMID: 32585063 PMCID: PMC7689815 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
When Streptomyces violaceoruber grows together with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1, it reacts with strongly induced droplet production on its aerial mycelium. Initially the metabolite profile of droplets from S. violaceoruber in co-culture with Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1 was compared to samples from S. violaceoruber in single-culture by using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Then, the exudate from agar plates of co-cultures and single cultures (after freezing and thawing) was also analysed. Several compounds were only observed when S. violaceoruber was grown in co-culture. Based on their high-resolution ESI mass spectra and their comparable retention times to the calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDAs) produced by S. violaceoruber, the new compounds were suspected to be deacylated calcium-dependent antibiotics (daCDAs), lacking the 2,3-epoxyhexanoyl residue of CDAs. This was verified by detailed analysis of the MS/MS spectra of the daCDAs in comparison to the CDAs. The major CDA compounds present in calcium ion-supplemented agar medium of co-cultures were daCDAs, thus suggesting that Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1 expresses a deacylase that degrades CDAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schindl
- Chemical Ecology/Chemical BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Chemical Ecology/Chemical BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Dieter Spiteller
- Chemical Ecology/Chemical BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karas JA, Carter GP, Howden BP, Turner AM, Paulin OKA, Swarbrick JD, Baker MA, Li J, Velkov T. Structure–Activity Relationships of Daptomycin Lipopeptides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13266-13290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Karas
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Glen P. Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Adrianna M. Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Olivia K. A. Paulin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James D. Swarbrick
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mark. A. Baker
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mechanisms of bactericidal action and resistance of polymyxins for Gram-positive bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3771-3780. [PMID: 32157424 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxins are cationic antimicrobial peptides used as the last-line therapy to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. The bactericidal activity of polymyxins against Gram-negative bacteria relies on the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged polymyxins and the negatively charged lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Given that Gram-positive bacteria lack an LPS-containing outer membrane, it is generally acknowledged that polymyxins are less active against Gram-positive bacteria. However, Gram-positive bacteria produce negatively charged teichoic acids, which may act as the target of polymyxins. More and more studies suggest that polymyxins have potential as a treatment for Gram-positive bacterial infection. This mini-review discusses recent advances in the mechanism of the antibacterial activity and resistance of polymyxins in Gram-positive bacteria.Key Points• Teichoic acids play a key role in the action of polymyxins on Gram-positive bacteria.• Polymyxin kills Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting cell surface and oxidative damage.• Modification of teichoic acids and phospholipids contributes to polymyxin resistance in Gram-positive bacteria.• Polymyxins have potential as a treatment for Gram-positive bacterial infection.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kralt B, Moreira R, Palmer M, Taylor SD. Total Synthesis of Analogs of A54145D and A54145A 1 for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2213-2219. [PMID: 31873009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The total solid-phase synthesis and in vitro biological activity of a series of analogs of A54145 factor D (A5D) and A54145 factor A1 (A5A1), two cyclic lipodepsipeptide antibiotics, are reported. An on-resin cyclization strategy was employed to prepare A5A1 analogs in which Thr4, the residue involved in the depsi (ester) bond, was replaced with either diaminopropionic acid (DAPA), (2S,3R)-diaminobutyric acid (DABA), or serine, effectively replacing the ring-closing ester bond with an amide linkage or with a primary ester. Antibacterial studies with these four analogs revealed that, contrary to a previous report, replacing the ester bond with an amide bond significantly reduces biological activity, and that both the ester bond and the methyl group at the γ-position of Thr4 are crucial for activity. Consistent with literature reports, we found that the single substitution of either 3-hydroxyasparagine (HOAsn) or 3-methoxyaspartate (MeOAsp) with Asn or Asp, respectively, in A5D is more detrimental to activity than the double substitution where both HOAsn and MeOAsp are replaced with Asn or Asp, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braden Kralt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Ryan Moreira
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Michael Palmer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Scott D Taylor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Biodegradation of antibiotics: The new resistance determinants – part II. N Biotechnol 2020; 54:13-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
16
|
Davis CA, Janssen EML. Environmental fate processes of antimicrobial peptides daptomycin, bacitracins, and polymyxins. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105271. [PMID: 31704562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are increasingly important as a last resort against multi-drug resistant bacteria due to resistance formation towards conventional antibiotics. However, many AMPs were introduced to the market before environmental risk assessment was required, e.g., by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) since 1998. While AMPs have been administered as antibiotics and growth promotors in feedstock since the 1960s and were reconsidered for human medicine by the EMA in 2013, details about their mobility and persistence in the environment remain unknown. This study investigated the environmental fate of three commonly used AMPs: bacitracins, daptomycin, and polymyxins B and E (Colistin). We observed moderate sorption affinity of daptomycin to standard European soils (Kd = 20.6-48.6), while polymyxins adsorbed irreversibly. Bacitracin variants sorbed slightly to sandy soil (Kd = 5.8-8) and significantly to clayey soil (Kd = 169-250). We further investigated photochemical and microbial transformation processes relevant in surface waters. We demonstrated that phototransformation of all AMPs was enhanced in the presence of dissolved organic matter and fast bimolecular reaction rate constant with singlet oxygen contributed largely to indirect phototransformation (15-41%). Phototransformation product analysis for daptomycin was consistent with expected modifications of the tryptophan and kynurenine moieties. Moreover, riverine biofilm communities demonstrated biotransformation potential for all AMPs. Our findings of sorption behaviour, photo- and biotransformation suggest that these processes play a critical role in the fate of bacitracins, daptomycin, and polymyxins in environmental systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Davis
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth M-L Janssen
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hydrolysis of surfactin over activated carbon. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:102896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
18
|
Livermore DM. The 2018 Garrod Lecture: Preparing for the Black Swans of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2907-2915. [PMID: 30351434 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for governments to encourage antibiotic development is widely agreed, with 'market entry rewards' being suggested. Unless these are to be spread widely-which is unlikely given the $1 billion sums proposed-we should be wary, for this approach is likely to evolve into one of picking, or commissioning, a few 'winners' based on extrapolation of current resistance trends. The hazard to this is that whilst the evolution of resistance has predictable components, notably mutation, it also has completely unpredictable ones, contingent upon 'Black Swan' events. These include the escape of 'new' resistance genes from environmental bacteria and the recruitment of these genes by promiscuous mobile elements and epidemic strains. Such events can change the resistance landscape rapidly and unexpectedly, as with the rise of Escherichia coli ST131 with CTX-M ESBLs and the emergence of 'impossible' VRE. Given such unpredictability, we simply cannot say with any certainty, for example, which of the four current approaches to combating MBLs offers the best prospect of sustainable prizeworthy success. Only time will tell, though it is encouraging that multiple potential approaches to overcoming these problematic enzymes are being pursued. Rather than seeking to pick winners, governments should aim to reduce development barriers, as with recent relaxation of trial regulations. In particular, once β-lactamase inhibitors have been successfully trialled with one partner drug, there is scope to facilitate licensing them for partnering with other established β-lactams, thereby insuring against new emerging resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Livermore
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Inactivation of Polymyxin by Hydrolytic Mechanism. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02378-18. [PMID: 30936102 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02378-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are nonribosomal peptide antibiotics used as the last-resort drug for treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, strains that are resistant to polymyxins have emerged in many countries. Although several mechanisms for polymyxin resistance have been well described, there is little knowledge on the hydrolytic mechanism of polymyxin. Here, we identified a polymyxin-inactivating enzyme from Bacillus licheniformis strain DC-1 which was produced and secreted into the medium during entry into stationary phase. After purification, sequencing, and heterologous expression, we found that the alkaline protease Apr is responsible for inactivation of polymyxins. Analysis of inactivation products demonstrated that Apr cleaves polymyxin E at two peptide bonds: one is between the tripeptide side chain and the cyclic heptapeptide ring, the other between l-Thr and l-α-γ-diaminobutyric acid (l-Dab) within the cyclic heptapeptide ring. Apr is highly conserved among several genera of Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus and Paenibacillus It is noteworthy that two peptidases S8 from Gram-negative bacteria shared high levels of sequence identity with Apr. Our results indicate that polymyxin resistance may result from inactivation of antibiotics by hydrolysis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zumstein MT, Helbling DE. Biotransformation of antibiotics: Exploring the activity of extracellular and intracellular enzymes derived from wastewater microbial communities. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 155:115-123. [PMID: 30836263 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the activity of extracellular and intracellular enzymes derived from wastewater microbial communities is essential to improve our fundamental understanding of micropollutant removal during wastewater treatment. To study biotransformations with respect to enzyme biogeography, we developed a method to separate soluble extracellular, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-bound, and intracellular enzymes from wastewater microbial communities and assessed the protease and peptidase activity of the resulting enzyme pools. We also evaluated the biotransformation of six antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and vancomycin) in each enzyme pool because we expect that the kinetics, pathways, and biogeography of antibiotic biotransformations influence the selection of antibiotic resistance within wastewater microbial communities and in downstream environments. Our results demonstrated that biotransformation rate constants varied among the tested antibiotics, and that the observed rank order was consistent across three wastewater treatment plants. Importantly, many of the observed biotransformations eliminated the functional groups associated with antibiotic activity. Furthermore, we found that β-lactam hydrolysis and daptomycin hydrolysis were catalyzed by enzymes extracted from the EPS, while none of the tested antibiotics were biotransformed by soluble extracellular enzymes. Finally, our results demonstrated that the number of enzyme-catalyzed antibiotic transformations was larger for intracellular than for extracellular enzymes. Together, this study provides novel insights on the kinetics, pathways, and biogeography of antibiotic biotransformations performed by wastewater microbial communities and can be used to inform pathway prediction or the development of biodegradable chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Zumstein
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sakai Y, Murakami E, Kato H, Ohyama K, Esaka Y, Yamamoto T, Hagihara M, Mikamo H, Uno B. Feasibility of Trypsin Digestion as a Sample Preparation for Daptomycin Quantification in Murine Skeletal Muscles. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:751-757. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakai
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University
| | | | - Hideo Kato
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Medical University School of Hospital
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Yukihiro Esaka
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Mao Hagihara
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Medical University School of Hospital
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University School of Hospital
| | - Bunji Uno
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wood TM, Martin NI. The calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics: structure, mechanism, & medicinal chemistry. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:634-646. [PMID: 31191855 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00126c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To push back the growing tide of antibacterial resistance the discovery and development of new antibiotics is a must. In recent years the calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics (CDAs) have emerged as a potential source of new antibacterial agents rich in structural and mechanistic diversity. All CDAs share a common lipidated cyclic peptide motif containing amino acid side chains that specifically chelate calcium. It is only in the calcium bound state that the CDAs achieve their potent antibacterial activities. Interestingly, despite their common structural features, the mechanisms by which different CDAs target bacteria can vary dramatically. This review provides both a historic context for the CDAs while also addressing the state of the art with regards to their discovery, optimization, and antibacterial mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Wood
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands.,Biological Chemistry Group , Institute of Biology Leiden , Leiden University , Sylvius Laboratories , Sylviusweg 72 , 2333 BE Leiden , The Netherlands . ; Tel: +31 (0)6 1878 5274
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group , Institute of Biology Leiden , Leiden University , Sylvius Laboratories , Sylviusweg 72 , 2333 BE Leiden , The Netherlands . ; Tel: +31 (0)6 1878 5274
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moreira R, Barnawi G, Beriashvili D, Palmer M, Taylor SD. The effect of replacing the ester bond with an amide bond and of overall stereochemistry on the activity of daptomycin. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:240-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
24
|
Zhang R, Li C, Wang J, Yang Y, Yan Y. Microbial production of small medicinal molecules and biologics: From nature to synthetic pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2219-2231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
25
|
Abstract
Daptomycin, a last-line-of-defense antibiotic for treating Gram-positive infections, is experiencing clinical failure against important infectious agents, including Corynebacterium striatum The recent transition of daptomycin to generic status is projected to dramatically increase availability, use, and clinical failure. Here we confirm the genetic mechanism of high-level daptomycin resistance (HLDR; MIC = >256 µg/ml) in C. striatum, which evolved within a patient during daptomycin therapy, a phenotype recapitulated in vitro In all 8 independent cases tested, loss-of-function mutations in phosphatidylglycerol synthase (pgsA2) were necessary and sufficient for high-level daptomycin resistance. Through lipidomic and biochemical analysis, we demonstrate that daptomycin's activity is dependent on the membrane phosphatidylglycerol (PG) concentration. Until now, the verification of PG as the in vivo target of daptomycin has proven difficult since tested cell model systems were not viable without membrane PG. C. striatum becomes daptomycin resistant at a high level by removing PG from the membrane and changing the membrane composition to maintain viability. This work demonstrates that loss-of-function mutation in pgsA2 and the loss of membrane PG are necessary and sufficient to produce high-level resistance to daptomycin in C. striatumIMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance threatens the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment options, including last-line-of-defense drugs. Understanding how this resistance develops can help direct antimicrobial stewardship efforts and is critical to designing the next generation of antimicrobial therapies. Here we determine how Corynebacterium striatum, a skin commensal and opportunistic pathogen, evolved high-level resistance to a drug of last resort, daptomycin. Through a single mutation, this pathogen was able to remove the daptomycin's target, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), from the membrane and evade daptomycin's bactericidal activity. We found that additional compensatory changes were not necessary to support the removal of PG and replacement with phosphatidylinositol (PI). The ease with which C. striatum evolved high-level resistance is cause for alarm and highlights the importance of screening new antimicrobials against a wide range of clinical pathogens which may harbor unique capacities for resistance evolution.
Collapse
|
26
|
Louzoun Zada S, Green KD, Shrestha SK, Herzog IM, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Fridman M. Derivatives of Ribosome-Inhibiting Antibiotic Chloramphenicol Inhibit the Biosynthesis of Bacterial Cell Wall. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1121-1129. [PMID: 29714997 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the preparation and evaluation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives of the bacterial translation inhibiting antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAM). Compared to the parent antibiotic, two compounds containing α,β-unsaturated ketones (1 and 4) displayed a broader spectrum of activity against a panel of Gram-positive pathogens with a minimum inhibitory concentration range of 2-32 μg/mL. Interestingly, unlike the parent CAM, these compounds do not inhibit bacterial translation. Microscopic evidence and metabolic labeling of a cell wall peptidoglycan suggested that compounds 1 and 4 caused extensive damage to the envelope of Staphylococcus aureus cells by inhibition of the early stage of cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Unlike the effect of membrane-disrupting antimicrobial cationic amphiphiles, these compounds did not rapidly permeabilize the bacterial membrane. Like the parent antibiotic CAM, compounds 1 and 4 had a bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus. Both compounds 1 and 4 were cytotoxic to immortalized nucleated mammalian cells; however, neither caused measurable membrane damage to mammalian red blood cells. These data suggest that the reported CAM-derived antimicrobial agents offer a new molecular scaffold for development of novel bacterial cell wall biosynthesis inhibiting antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Louzoun Zada
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Keith D. Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sanjib K. Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Ido M. Herzog
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Micha Fridman
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tomita S, Sue M, Kajikawa A, Igimi S, Shinohara H, Yokota K. Detoxification process of tolaasins, lipodepsipeptides, by Microbacterium sp. K3-5. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1455-1458. [PMID: 29658402 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1460575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Tolaasins are antimicrobial lipodepsipeptides. Here, we report the tolaasins-detoxifying properties of Microbacterium sp. K3-5 (K3-5). The detoxification of tolaasins by K3-5 was performed by hydrolyzation of cyclic structure of tolaasins depending on the tolaasin-K3-5 cell interaction. Our data suggest that the cyclic structure of tolaasins is critical for its interaction to target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tomita
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masayuki Sue
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akinobu Kajikawa
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shizunobu Igimi
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hirosuke Shinohara
- b Department of Agriculture , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Atsugi , Japan
| | - Kenji Yokota
- a Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cucina M, Tacconi C, Sordi S, Pezzolla D, Gigliotti G, Zadra C. Valorization of a pharmaceutical organic sludge through different composting treatments. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 74:203-212. [PMID: 29273542 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the agricultural reuse of pharmaceutical sludge is still limited due to environmental and agronomic issues (e.g. low stabilization of the organic matter, phytotoxicity). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of a pharmaceutical sludge derived from the daptomycin production and to study the possibility of improving its quality through composting. The pharmaceutical sludge showed high content of macronutrients (e.g. total Kjeldahl N content was 38 g kg-1), but it was also characterized by high salinity (7.9 dS m-1), phytotoxicity (germination index was 36.7%) and a low organic matter stabilization. Two different mixtures were prepared (mixture A: 70% sludge + 30% wood chips w/w, mixture B: 45% sludge + 45% wood chips + 10% cereal straw w/w) and treated through static composting using two different aeration systems: active and passive aeration. The mixtures resulted in the production of two different compost, and the evolution of process management parameters was different. The low total solids and organic matter content of mixture A led to the failure of the process. The addition of cereal straw in mixture B resulted in increased porosity and C/N ratio and, consequently, in an optimal development of the composting process (e.g. the final organic matter loss was 54.1% and 63.1% for the passively and actively aerated treatment, respectively). Both passively and actively aerated composting of mixture B improved the quality of the pharmaceutical sludge, by increasing its organic matter stabilization and removing phytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Cucina
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Tacconi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Sordi
- ACS Dobfar Spa, Viale Addetta 4/12, 20067 Tribiano (MI), Italy
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gigliotti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Zadra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ogami C, Tsuji Y, Kasai H, Hiraki Y, Yamamoto Y, Matsunaga K, Karube Y, To H. Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and the stability of daptomycin in serum at various temperatures. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 57:38-43. [PMID: 28131728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daptomycin exhibits concentration-dependent antibacterial activity. By monitoring daptomycin serum concentrations, clinicians may be able to predict the effectiveness of treatments for infections more accurately. However, it has been reported that daptomycin concentrations in plasma samples stored at -20°C decrease approximately 25% after 4 weeks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of daptomycin in serum at various temperatures. METHODS Daptomycin serum samples were prepared and stored at different temperatures. The stability of daptomycin under various conditions was evaluated by sequential measurements of concentration. RESULTS Although the loss of concentration of daptomycin in serum samples stored in freezers (-80°C and -20°C) was less than 10% after 168days (6 months), the concentrations in samples stored in a refrigerator (4°C) decreased by more than 70% over the same period. Furthermore, daptomycin concentrations in serum samples stored at close to body temperature (35°C, 37°C, and 39°C) decreased by more than 50% after only 24h. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that the measurement of serum concentrations of daptomycin needs to be performed rapidly. Furthermore, the degradation of daptomycin in serum may be involved in its elimination from the living body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chika Ogami
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsuji
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Hidefumi Kasai
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Certara G.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiraki
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center, Ooaza, Beppu, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiharu Karube
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideto To
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Functional Genome Mining for Metabolites Encoded by Large Gene Clusters through Heterologous Expression of a Whole-Genome Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library in Streptomyces spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5795-805. [PMID: 27451447 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01383-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genome sequencing projects in the last decade revealed numerous cryptic biosynthetic pathways for unknown secondary metabolites in microbes, revitalizing drug discovery from microbial metabolites by approaches called genome mining. In this work, we developed a heterologous expression and functional screening approach for genome mining from genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries in Streptomyces spp. We demonstrate mining from a strain of Streptomyces rochei, which is known to produce streptothricins and borrelidin, by expressing its BAC library in the surrogate host Streptomyces lividans SBT5, and screening for antimicrobial activity. In addition to the successful capture of the streptothricin and borrelidin biosynthetic gene clusters, we discovered two novel linear lipopeptides and their corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster, as well as a novel cryptic gene cluster for an unknown antibiotic from S. rochei This high-throughput functional genome mining approach can be easily applied to other streptomycetes, and it is very suitable for the large-scale screening of genomic BAC libraries for bioactive natural products and the corresponding biosynthetic pathways. IMPORTANCE Microbial genomes encode numerous cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters for unknown small metabolites with potential biological activities. Several genome mining approaches have been developed to activate and bring these cryptic metabolites to biological tests for future drug discovery. Previous sequence-guided procedures relied on bioinformatic analysis to predict potentially interesting biosynthetic gene clusters. In this study, we describe an efficient approach based on heterologous expression and functional screening of a whole-genome library for the mining of bioactive metabolites from Streptomyces The usefulness of this function-driven approach was demonstrated by the capture of four large biosynthetic gene clusters for metabolites of various chemical types, including streptothricins, borrelidin, two novel lipopeptides, and one unknown antibiotic from Streptomyces rochei Sal35. The transfer, expression, and screening of the library were all performed in a high-throughput way, so that this approach is scalable and adaptable to industrial automation for next-generation antibiotic discovery.
Collapse
|
31
|
Winn M, Fyans JK, Zhuo Y, Micklefield J. Recent advances in engineering nonribosomal peptide assembly lines. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:317-47. [PMID: 26699732 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00099h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptides are amongst the most widespread and structurally diverse secondary metabolites in nature with many possessing bioactivity that can be exploited for therapeutic applications. Due to the major challenges associated with total- and semi-synthesis, bioengineering approaches have been developed to increase yields and generate modified peptides with improved physicochemical properties or altered bioactivity. Here we review the major advances that have been made over the last decade in engineering the biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides. Structural diversity has been introduced by the modification of enzymes required for the supply of precursors or by heterologous expression of tailoring enzymes. The modularity of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembly lines further supports module or domain swapping methodologies to achieve changes in the amino acid sequence of nonribosomal peptides. We also review the new synthetic biology technologies promising to speed up the process, enabling the creation and optimisation of many more assembly lines for heterologous expression, offering new opportunities for engineering the biosynthesis of novel nonribosomal peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Winn
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - J K Fyans
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Y Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - J Micklefield
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Development and in vitro characterisation of an oral self-emulsifying delivery system for daptomycin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 81:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
33
|
Steinbuch KB, Fridman M. Mechanisms of resistance to membrane-disrupting antibiotics in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A diverse repertoire of mechanisms has evolved to confer resistance to bacterial membrane disrupting antimicrobial cationic amphiphiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kfir B. Steinbuch
- School of Chemistry
- Beverly Raymond Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry
- Beverly Raymond Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Knight-Connoni V, Mascio C, Chesnel L, Silverman J. Discovery and development of surotomycin for the treatment of Clostridium difficile. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 43:195-204. [PMID: 26670919 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary challenge for treating Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) is maintenance of clinical response after the end of treatment (sustained clinical response). Disease recurrence following a positive clinical response occurs in approximately 6-25 % of patients after the first episode and in up to 65 % for subsequent recurrences. Surotomycin, a novel cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic with a core derived by Streptomyces roseosporus fermentation, disrupts C. difficile cellular membrane activity in both logarithmic and stationary phases and minimally disturbs normal gastrointestinal microbiota because of its lack of activity against Gram-negative anaerobes and facultative anaerobes. Preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that surotomycin has low oral bioavailability, allowing gastrointestinal tract concentrations to greatly exceed its minimum inhibitory concentration for C. difficile. Surotomycin is well tolerated and effective in hamster models of CDI. Phase 2 clinical evidence suggests that surotomycin (250 mg twice daily) is an effective CDI treatment, with statistically lower recurrence rates than vancomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurent Chesnel
- Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA. .,Merck & Co., Inc., Lexington, MA, USA. .,Clinical Microbiology, Merck Research Labs, 65 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nicoloff H, Andersson DI. Indirect resistance to several classes of antibiotics in cocultures with resistant bacteria expressing antibiotic-modifying or -degrading enzymes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:100-10. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
36
|
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult or impossible to treat are becoming increasingly common and are causing a global health crisis. Antibiotic resistance is encoded by several genes, many of which can transfer between bacteria. New resistance mechanisms are constantly being described, and new genes and vectors of transmission are identified on a regular basis. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which bacteria are either intrinsically resistant or acquire resistance to antibiotics, including the prevention of access to drug targets, changes in the structure and protection of antibiotic targets and the direct modification or inactivation of antibiotics.
Collapse
|
37
|
Sharma D, Mandal SM, Manhas RK. Purification and characterization of a novel lipopeptide from Streptomyces amritsarensis sp. nov. active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AMB Express 2014; 4:50. [PMID: 25006539 PMCID: PMC4077001 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays antimicrobial lipopeptides are being widely exploited for developing potential therapeutic agents for treating bacterial infections. In the present study, we have purified and characterized an antimicrobial lipopeptide produced by Streptomyces amritsarensis sp. nov. (= MTCC 11845(T) = JCM 19660(T)). The lipopeptide was purified using silica gel chromatography, size exclusion chromatography and reverse phase- HPLC. The MS/MS analysis of the lipopeptide revealed that it has amino acid sequence as Ala-Thr-Gly-Ser-His-Gln and a long chain fatty acid tail with six times repeated the molecular mass of 161 Da which is corresponding to -C12H19. Based on the molecular mass (878.5 Da) and amino acid composition, the lipopeptide was identified as a novel lipopeptide. The MIC values of purified lipopeptide against Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 619), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC 435), Mycobacterium smegmatis (MTCC 6) and clinical strain, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were found to be 10, 15, 25 and 45 μg/ml, respectively. It was completely stable at 70°C for 1 h and retained 81.8% activity after autoclaving (121°C for 15 min). It did not show any change in its activity profile between pH 5.0 - 9.0 and is stable to trypsin, proteinase K and lipase enzymes. It was found to be non-mutagenic against Salmonella typhimurium (TA98) and did not show cytotoxicity when checked against Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. In addition to antibacterial activity it also exhibits biosurfactant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Santi M Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajesh Kumari Manhas
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Antibiotic Resistance in and from Nature. One Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555818432.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
39
|
Abstract
Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antimicrobial with in vitro bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria that was first approved for clinical use in 2004 in the United States. Since this time, significant data have emerged regarding the use of daptomycin for the treatment of serious infections, such as bacteremia and endocarditis, caused by Gram-positive pathogens. However, there are also increasing reports of daptomycin nonsusceptibility, in Staphylococcus aureus and, in particular, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Such nonsusceptibility is largely in the context of prolonged treatment courses and infections with high bacterial burdens, but it may occur in the absence of prior daptomycin exposure. Nonsusceptibility in both S. aureus and Enterococcus is mediated by adaptations to cell wall homeostasis and membrane phospholipid metabolism. This review summarizes the data on daptomycin, including daptomycin's unique mode of action and spectrum of activity and mechanisms for nonsusceptibility in key pathogens, including S. aureus, E. faecium, and E. faecalis. The challenges faced by the clinical laboratory in obtaining accurate susceptibility results and reporting daptomycin MICs are also discussed.
Collapse
|
40
|
Fernández-Natal I, Sáez-Nieto JA, Medina-Pascual MJ, Albersmeier A, Valdezate S, Guerra-Laso JM, Rodríguez H, Marrodán T, Parras T, Tauch A, Soriano F. Dermabacter hominis: a usually daptomycin-resistant gram-positive organism infrequently isolated from human clinical samples. New Microbes New Infect 2013; 1:35-40. [PMID: 25356327 PMCID: PMC4184692 DOI: 10.1002/2052-2975.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During a 12-year period, Dermabacter hominis was isolated from 21 clinical samples belonging to 14 patients attending a tertiary hospital in León, Spain. Samples included blood cultures (14), peritoneal dialysis catheter exit sites (three), cutaneous abscesses (two), an infected vascular catheter (one) and a wound swab (one). Identification was made by API Coryne™ V2.0, Biolog™ GP2 and 16S rRNA gene amplification. Six febrile patients had positive blood cultures (one, two or three sets) and all of them were treated with teicoplanin (two patients), vancomycin, ampicillin plus gentamicin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin (one each). An additional patient with a single positive blood culture was not treated, the finding being considered non-significant. In the remaining seven patients the organism was isolated from a single specimen and three of them received antimicrobial treatment (ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone plus vancomycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid). At least ten patients had several underlying diseases and conditions, and no direct mortality was observed in relation to the isolated organism. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, rifampin and linezolid. Resistance to other antibiotics varied: erythromycin (100%), clindamycin (78.5%), ciprofloxacin (21.4%) and gentamicin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, benzylpenicillin and imipenem 7.1% each. Thirteen isolates were highly resistant to daptomycin with MICs ranging from 8 to 48 (MIC90 = 32 mg/L); only one was daptomycin-sensitive (MIC = 0.19 mg/L).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Fernández-Natal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León
| | - J A Sáez-Nieto
- Service of Bacteriology, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - M J Medina-Pascual
- Service of Bacteriology, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - A Albersmeier
- Institut für Genomforschung, CeBiTec, Universität BielefeldBielefeld, Germany
| | - S Valdezate
- Service of Bacteriology, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - J M Guerra-Laso
- Institut für Genomforschung, CeBiTec, Universität BielefeldBielefeld, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de LeónSpain
| | - H Rodríguez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León
| | - T Marrodán
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León
| | - T Parras
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León
| | - A Tauch
- Institut für Genomforschung, CeBiTec, Universität BielefeldBielefeld, Germany
| | - F Soriano
- Public Health, School of Physiotherapy ONCEMadrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Park OJ. Recent Developments and Prospects in the Enzymatic Acylations. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2013.51.6.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
42
|
Kelesidis T. The zoonotic potential of daptomycin non-susceptible enterococci. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 62:1-6. [PMID: 24274811 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin non-susceptible Enterococcus (DNSE) is an emerging clinical problem. Little is known about how de novo DNSE infections develop or the risk factors associated with them. Determining risk factors associated with de novo DNSE infections will aid in understanding the mechanisms of daptomycin non-susceptibility. Humans in contact with animals worldwide are at risk of carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Herein, I review the scientific evidence that supports the hypothesis that transport of daptomycin non-susceptibility genes between animals and humans may be a possible mechanism for development of de novo daptomycin non-susceptibility in enterococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Recent studies have shown that antibiotic resistance genes are omnipresent in nature. Human use of antimicrobial compounds as therapeutics, growth-promoting agents, pesticides, etc., over the past half century have contributed to this situation.
Collapse
|
44
|
Palmer AC, Kishony R. Understanding, predicting and manipulating the genotypic evolution of antibiotic resistance. Nat Rev Genet 2013; 14:243-8. [PMID: 23419278 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of antibiotic resistance can now be rapidly tracked with high-throughput technologies for bacterial genotyping and phenotyping. Combined with new approaches to evolve resistance in the laboratory and to characterize clinically evolved resistant pathogens, these methods are revealing the molecular basis and rate of evolution of antibiotic resistance under treatment regimens of single drugs or drug combinations. In this Progress article, we review these new tools for studying the evolution of antibiotic resistance and discuss how the genomic and evolutionary insights they provide could transform the diagnosis, treatment and predictability of antibiotic resistance in bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Palmer
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34953. [PMID: 22509370 PMCID: PMC3324550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge that impacts all pharmaceutically used antibiotics. The origin of the genes associated with this resistance is of significant importance to our understanding of the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. A growing body of evidence implicates environmental organisms as reservoirs of these resistance genes; however, the role of anthropogenic use of antibiotics in the emergence of these genes is controversial. We report a screen of a sample of the culturable microbiome of Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, in a region of the cave that has been isolated for over 4 million years. We report that, like surface microbes, these bacteria were highly resistant to antibiotics; some strains were resistant to 14 different commercially available antibiotics. Resistance was detected to a wide range of structurally different antibiotics including daptomycin, an antibiotic of last resort in the treatment of drug resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Enzyme-mediated mechanisms of resistance were also discovered for natural and semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotics via glycosylation and through a kinase-mediated phosphorylation mechanism. Sequencing of the genome of one of the resistant bacteria identified a macrolide kinase encoding gene and characterization of its product revealed it to be related to a known family of kinases circulating in modern drug resistant pathogens. The implications of this study are significant to our understanding of the prevalence of resistance, even in microbiomes isolated from human use of antibiotics. This supports a growing understanding that antibiotic resistance is natural, ancient, and hard wired in the microbial pangenome.
Collapse
|