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Turner J, Muraoka A, Bedenbaugh M, Childress B, Pernot L, Wiencek M, Peterson YK. The Chemical Relationship Among Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Potential Impacts on Reactivity and Decomposition. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:807955. [PMID: 35401470 PMCID: PMC8988990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.807955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-lactam antibiotics remain one of the most commonly prescribed drug classes, but they are limited by their propensity to cause hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., from allergy to anaphylaxis) as well as by the emergence of bacteria with a myriad of resistance mechanisms such as β-lactamases. While development efforts continue to focus on overcoming resistance, there are ongoing concerns regarding cross-contamination of β-lactams during manufacturing and compounding of these drugs. Additionally, there is a need to reduce levels of drugs such as β-lactam antibiotics in waste-water to mitigate the risk of environmental exposure. To help address future development of effective remediation chemistries and processes, it is desired to better understand the structural relationship among the most common β-lactams. This study includes the creation of a class-wide structural ordering of the entire β-lactam series, including both United States Food and Drug Association (US-FDA)-approved drugs and experimental therapies. The result is a structural relational map: the “Lactamome,” which positions each substance according to architecture and chemical end-group. We utilized a novel method to compare the structural relationships of β-lactam antibiotics among the radial cladogram and describe the positioning with respect to efficacy, resistance to hydrolysis, reported hypersensitivity, and Woodward height. The resulting classification scheme may help with the development of broad-spectrum treatments that reduce the risk of occupational exposure and negative environmental impacts, assist practitioners with avoiding adverse patient reactions, and help direct future drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Turner
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Alyssa Muraoka
- College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | - Blaine Childress
- South Carolina Research Authority, Greenville, SC, United States
| | | | | | - Yuri K. Peterson
- College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuri K. Peterson,
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Wei F, Zhu R, Zhao W, Yang J, Cai Z, Hu Q. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studiesof cefteram pivoxil in healthy Chinese volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2009; 34:157-62. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03191167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence comparison of a single 100-mg dose of cefteram pivoxil powder suspension and tablet formulations: a randomized-sequence, open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy Chinese adult male volunteers. Clin Ther 2008; 30:654-60. [PMID: 18498914 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) is an oral antibiotic available in powder suspension and tablet formulations indicated in China for the treatment of bacterial infections. Although these 2 formulations are marketed in China, published information regarding their pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence in the Chinese population is not available. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of the powder suspension (test) and tablet (reference) formulations of CFTM-PI 100 mg available in China. METHODS This single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, 2-period crossover study was performed at the Nanjing First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Eligible subjects were healthy male volunteers who were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive a single 100-mg dose of the test or reference formulation, followed by a 1-week washout period and administration of the alternate formulation. The study drugs were administered after a 12-hour overnight fast. Plasma was assayed using a high-performance liquid chromatography method. For analysis of pharmacokinetic properties, including C(max), AUC from time 0 (baseline) to 6 hours (AUC(0-6)), and AUC from baseline to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)), blood samples were obtained at intervals over the 6-hour period after study drug administration. The formulations were considered bioequivalent if the log-transformed ratios of C(max) and AUC were within the predetermined equivalence range (80%-125%) as established by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Tolerability was assessed by monitoring vital signs and laboratory tests (hematology, blood biochemistry, hepatic function, and urinalysis), and by questioning subjects about adverse events (AEs). RESULTS Twenty-four Chinese male subjects (mean [range] age,24.2 [23-32] years;weight,64.3 [58-67] kg; height, 172 [167-185] cm) enrolled; all completed the study. No period or sequence effect was observed. The 90% CIs for the log-transformed ratios of C(max), AUC(0-6;), and AUC(0-infinity) were 96.5 to 120.1, 95.7 to 110.2, and 96.2 to 110.4, respectively (all, P>0.05). Similar results were found for the data without log-transformation. No AEs occurred or were reported during the study. CONCLUSIONS In this small study in healthy Chinese adult male volunteers, a single 100-mg dose of the powder-suspension formulation was bioequivalent to a single 100-mg dose of the tablet formulation based on the US FDA's regulatory definition (rate and extent of absorption). Both formulations were well tolerated.
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Zou J, Jiang C, Yao J, Hu Q, Wang GJ, Xiao D. A Simple and Sensitive LC Method for Quantification of Cefteram in Human Plasma. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Aracil B, Gómez-Garcés JL, Alós JI. [Sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae isolates in Spain to 17 oral antibiotics]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2003; 21:131-6. [PMID: 12586017 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(03)72901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of 400 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated in 21 Spanish laboratories in 1999 to 17 oral antibiotics.Methods. An agar dilution method in HT medium was used for sensitivity testing; interpretation of the results followed NCCLS criteria. RESULTS Percentages of isolates susceptible to the antibiotics tested were as follows: ampicillin 59.5%, amoxicillin/clavulanate 99.2%, loracarbef 66.2%, cefprozil 70.2%, cefaclor 76.2%, cefuroxime 95%, ceftibuten 100%, cefpodoxime 100%, cefixime 100%, rifampin 99.8%, tetracycline 98.2%, chloramphenicol 99.2%, nalidixic acid 97.5%, ciprofloxacin 100%, trovafloxacin 100%, clarithromycin 74%, and azithromycin 100%. CONCLUSIONS Geographic distribution of sensitivity rates was not homogeneous for some antibiotics. Around 24% of strains were betalactamase producers, requiring higher MICs of antibiotics such as loracarbef, cefprozil and cefaclor than non betalactamase producers. Nevertheless MICs of ceftibuten, cefpodoxime and cefixime were similar in both betalactamase producers and non-producers. Five strains (1.25%) were beta -lactamase (2), but resistant to ampicillin (MIC > or = 8 mg/L) and to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (MIC > or = 4/2 mg/L). Only three strains showed intermediate sensitivity to chloramphenicol. These strains and four others were inhibited with > or = 4 mg/L of tetracycline. Only one strain was resistant to tetracycline (MIC: 64 mg/L) and to rifampin (MIC: 256 mg/L). All strains were sensitive to azithromycin (MICs < or = 4 mg/L) and all were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and trovafloxacin (MICs < or = 0.5 mg/L). However, ten strains (2.5%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (MIC > or = 4 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Aracil
- Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital de Móstoles. Madrid. España
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Oteo J, Alós JI, Gómez-Garcés JL. [Current in vitro sensitivity of the most frequent bacterial respiratory pathogens: clinical implications]. Med Clin (Barc) 2001; 116:541-9. [PMID: 11412622 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(01)71898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Oteo
- Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital de Móstoles. Móstoles. Madrid
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7
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Fukuoka T, Kawada H, Kitayama A, Koga T, Kubota M, Harasaki T, Kamai Y, Ohya S, Yasuda H, Iwata M, Kuwahara S. Efficacy of CS-834 against experimental pneumonia caused by penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:23-7. [PMID: 9449255 PMCID: PMC105450 DOI: 10.1128/aac.42.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of CS-834, a novel oral carbapenem, was assessed by using a murine model of pneumonia caused by penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and was compared with those of oral cephems, i.e., cefteram pivoxil, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefdinir, and cefditoren pivoxil. Intranasal inoculation of 10(6) CFU of penicillin-susceptible or penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae in the exponential growth phase induced pneumonia and bacteremia in ddY mice within 48 h. For the treatment of infections caused by the penicillin-susceptible strain the antibiotics were administered orally at 0.4, 2, and 10 mg/kg of body weight twice daily for 2 days beginning at 24 h after bacterial inoculation, and for the treatment of infections caused by a penicillin-resistant strain the antibiotics were administered at 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg twice daily for 2 days beginning at 24 h after bacterial inoculation. Among the antibiotics tested, CS-834 exhibited the most potent efficacy against both types of strains. Against infections caused by penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae, CS-834 at all doses significantly reduced the numbers of viable cells in both the lungs and blood. Cefpodoxime proxetil at all doses and cefteram pivoxil and cefditoren pivoxil at doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg showed comparable efficacies. Against infections caused by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, CS-834 at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg showed the most potent efficacy among the antibiotics tested, resulting in the maximum decrease in the numbers of viable cells in the lungs. Comparable efficacies were observed with cefteram pivoxil and cefpodoxime proxetil at doses of 50 mg/kg each. The concentration of CS-834 in the lungs and blood was higher than that of cefdinir and was lower than those of the other antibiotics tested, suggesting that the potent therapeutic efficacy of CS-834 reflects its strong activity against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fukuoka
- Biological Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Fukuoka T, Ohya S, Utsui Y, Domon H, Takenouchi T, Koga T, Masuda N, Kawada H, Kakuta M, Kubota M, Ishii C, Ishii C, Sakagawa E, Harasaki T, Hirasawa A, Abe T, Yasuda H, Iwata M, Kuwahara S. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of CS-834, a novel oral carbapenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2652-63. [PMID: 9420035 PMCID: PMC164185 DOI: 10.1128/aac.41.12.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CS-834 is a novel oral carbapenem antibiotic. This compound is an ester-type prodrug of the active metabolite R-95867. The antibacterial activity of R-95867 was tested against 1,323 clinical isolates of 35 species and was compared with those of oral cephems, i.e., cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefditoren, and that of a parenteral carbapenem, imipenem. R-95867 exhibited a broad spectrum of activity covering both gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes. Its activity was superior to those of the other compounds tested against most of the bacterial species tested. R-95867 showed potent antibacterial activity against clinically significant pathogens: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus including ofloxacin-resistant strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae including penicillin-resistant strains, Clostridium perfringens, Neisseria spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, and Haemophilus influenzae (MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited, < or =0.006 to 0.78 microg/ml). R-95867 was quite stable to hydrolysis by most of the beta-lactamases tested except the metallo-beta-lactamases from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacteroides fragilis. R-95867 showed potent bactericidal activity against S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Penicillin-binding proteins 1 and 4 of S. aureus and 1Bs, 2, 3, and 4 of E. coli had high affinities for R-95867. The in vivo efficacy of CS-834 was evaluated in murine systemic infections caused by 16 strains of gram-positive and -negative pathogens. The efficacy of CS-834 was in many cases superior to those of cefteram pivoxil, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefdinir, and cefditoren pivoxil, especially against infections caused by S. aureus, penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Proteus vulgaris. Among the drugs tested, CS-834 showed the highest efficacy against experimental pneumonia in mice caused by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fukuoka
- Biological Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Komatsu Y, Murakami K, Nagata H, Motokawa K, Doi M, Higashiyama I, Sasaki S, Yoshida T, Kuwahara S. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of a New Oral Cephalosporin, S-1090. J Infect Chemother 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02489183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Inoue E, Mitsuhashi S. In vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of SY5555, a new oral penem antibiotic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:1974-9. [PMID: 7811005 PMCID: PMC284670 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.9.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of SY5555, a new oral penem antibiotic, was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and cefteram. SY5555 was more active than the comparison agents against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Clostridium spp., and Bacteroides fragilis. Against Providencia spp., Proteus spp., and Haemophilus influenzae, SY5555 was less active than cefixime or cefteram. SY5555 was inactive against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Enterococcus faecium, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Xanthomonas maltophilia, as were the comparison agents. The bactericidal activities of SY5555, cefixime, and cefteram were at or slightly greater than the MICs for clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. SY5555 was not hydrolyzed by various types of beta-lactamases. However, SY5555 and the comparison agents were hydrolyzed by X. maltophilia (L-1) and P. aeruginosa/pMS354 beta-lactamases, two Bush group 3 beta-lactamases, SY5555 showed a high affinity, as did cefixime and cefteram, for cephalosporinases from C. freundii GN7391 and E. cloacae GN7471 strains. These results suggest that SY5555 may be more specific than existing beta-lactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Inoue
- Episome Institute, Gunma-ken, Japan
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11
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Chin NX, Yu KW, Neu HC. Antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of BMY-28232, parent compound of an oral cephalosporin. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 9:841-6. [PMID: 2086221 DOI: 10.1007/bf01967389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BMY-28232, an aminothiazolyl imino methoxy cephalosporin which is available as an orally absorbed acetoxyethyl ester, inhibited strains of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and many strains of Proteus and Providencia stuartii at concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml, including isolates resistant to cephalexin and cefaclor. It had activity similar to that of cefixime, but was more active against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci. BMY-28232 was a poor substrate for beta-lactamases but was destroyed by the new TEM-3 enzyme, and had less activity against Enterobacter species, Citrobacter freundii, and Proteus vulgaris isolates. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci, Pseudomonas species, enterococci, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Bacteroides fragilus and some strains of Clostridium species were resistant to BMY-28232.
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Affiliation(s)
- N X Chin
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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12
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Matsui H, Hiraoka M, Inoue M, Mitsuhashi S. Antimicrobial activity and stability to beta-lactamase of BMY-28271, a new oral cephalosporin ester. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990; 34:555-61. [PMID: 2344162 PMCID: PMC171643 DOI: 10.1128/aac.34.4.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BMY-28271, the acetoxyethyl ester of BMY-28232, 7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetamido]-3(Z) -propen-1-yl-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid, is a new oral cephalosporin. BMY-28232 has a widely expanded spectrum with high activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. BMY-28232 is far more active than cefixime or cefteram against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Against gram-negative bacteria, the activity of BMY-28232 was comparable to or somewhat weaker than that of cefixime or cefteram. BMY-28232 was a poor substrate for various beta-lactamases. Orally administered BMY-28271 had a good therapeutic effect on systemic infections with S. aureus and some gram-negative bacteria in mice. Oral BMY-28271 was efficacious against S. aureus Smith infection: the efficacy of BMY-28271 was 80 to 90 times higher than that of cefixime or cefteram.
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Sanders CC. beta-Lactamase stability and in vitro activity of oral cephalosporins against strains possessing well-characterized mechanisms of resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989; 33:1313-7. [PMID: 2802558 PMCID: PMC172646 DOI: 10.1128/aac.33.8.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of four oral cephalosporins was assessed in dilution tests with 50 isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae possessing well-characterized mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The interaction of the drugs with a broad array of beta-lactamases was also determined in spectrophotometric assays and tests for enzyme induction. Overall, the percentages of strains susceptible to each of the study drugs were 82% for cefixime, 62% for cefuroxime, 58% for cephalexin, and 44% for cefaclor. The poor activity of the older cephalosporins was due to a high degree of susceptibility to hydrolysis by both plasmid-mediated and chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases. For cefaclor, higher MICs were associated with higher levels of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases in the strains. Resistance to cefuroxime was seen primarily among strains expressing high levels of class I or IV beta-lactamase. Resistance to cefixime was seen only among strains expressing high levels of class I enzymes. Neither cefixime nor cefuroxime was a strong inducer of class I beta-lactamases, although enzyme induction did appear to play a role in cefuroxime resistance in a strain of Serratia marcescens. The consistently greater activity of cefixime over cefuroxime was found not to be due to greater drug permeation into the cell. Rather, it appeared to result from the high affinity of the drug for target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
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Angehrn P, Hohl P, Then RL. In vitro antibacterial properties of cefetamet and in vivo activity of its orally absorbable ester derivative, cefetamet pivoxil. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989; 8:536-43. [PMID: 2504597 DOI: 10.1007/bf01967476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro activity of cefetamet, the microbiologically active metabolite of the orally administered prodrug cefetamet pivoxil, was compared with that of cephalexin, cefaclor, cefuroxime and amoxicillin. Cefetamet was highly active against Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria spp., Vibrio spp., Haemophilus influenzae and streptococci other than enterococci. Cefetamet inhibited cefaclor-resistant species such as Proteus vulgaris, Providencia stuartii, Providencia rettgeri and Serratia marcescens. Staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cephalosporinase-overproducing strains of Enterobacter cloacae were resistant to cefetamet. The superior activity of cefetamet compared with older oral beta-lactam antibiotics against a large number of gram-negative pathogens correlated with enhanced stability towards beta-lactamases. In accordance with the in vitro findings, cefetamet pivoxil showed good activity in experimental infections in the mouse and rat, suggesting satisfactory bioavailability in these animals after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Angehrn
- Pharmaceutical Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co., Basel, Switzerland
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Tomatsu K, Masuyoshi S, Hirano M, Kawaguchi H, Oki T, Fung-Tomc J, Desiderio JV, Kessler RE. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of a new broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin, BMY-28232, and its prodrug esters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989; 33:489-97. [PMID: 2786371 PMCID: PMC172466 DOI: 10.1128/aac.33.4.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, BMY-28232 (7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetamido]-3-[ (Z)-1- propenyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid), was compared with those of cefuroxime and BMY-28488, the 3-vinyl congener of BMY-28232, against 899 bacteria including strains resistant to newer cephalosporins. BMY-28232 displayed potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with high stability to various types of beta-lactamase. Its acetoxyethyl ester (BMY-28271) and pivaloyloxymethyl ester (BMY-28257) were well absorbed after oral administration to mice and rats. Both esters were metabolized to BMY-28232 and mainly excreted in urine. Oral bioavailability of both prodrug esters (60 to 70%) was better than that of cefuroxime axetil (46%) and gave excellent therapeutic efficacy against gram-positive- and gram-negative-bacterial infections in mice. Oral 50% protective doses (in milligrams per kilogram of body weight) of 0.65 and 0.72 for Staphylococcus aureus Smith, 0.9 and 1.2 for Escherichia coli Juhl, 1.6 and 1.6 for Proteus vulgaris, and 18.9 and 14.3 for Enterobacter cloacae were obtained for BMY-28271 and BMY-28257, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tomatsu
- Bristol-Myers Research Institute, Ltd., Tokyo Research Center, Japan
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Tamura A, Okamoto R, Yoshida T, Yamamoto H, Kondo S, Inoue M, Mitsuhashi S. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of ME1207, a new oral cephalosporin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988; 32:1421-6. [PMID: 3264132 PMCID: PMC175880 DOI: 10.1128/aac.32.9.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ME1207 (pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ME1206) is a new oral cephalosporin. ME1206 is (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)- acetamido]-3-[(Z)-2-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-cephem-4-carboxy lic acid. The susceptibilities of about 1,600 clinical isolates to ME1206 were determined by the agar dilution method. ME1206 showed a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. ME1206 was more active than cefaclor, T-2525, and cefixime against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Against gram-negative bacteria, the activity of ME1206 was comparable with that of T-2525, but ME1206 was less active than cefixime. Against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ME1206 had high activity (MIC, less than or equal to 0.05 microgram/ml). ME1206 was stable against various beta-lactamases, except beta-lactamases from Providencia rettgeri, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Escherichia coli W3630 (Rms213). The 50% effective doses of ME1207 after oral administration against systemic infections in mice were comparable with those of T-2588 against gram-negative bacteria and about one-fourth that of T-2588 against Staphylococcus aureus Smith.
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Jones RN, Barry AL. Antimicrobial activity and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of U-76,253A (R-3746), the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester, U-76,252 (CS-807). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988; 32:443-9. [PMID: 3377457 PMCID: PMC172198 DOI: 10.1128/aac.32.4.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Compound U-76,253A (R-3746), the active metabolite sodium salt of the prodrug ester U-76,252 (CS-807), was demonstrated to be active against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae with 82 and 85% of strains inhibited by less than or equal to 2.0 and less than or equal to 4.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. In addition, U-76,253A inhibited all strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, pathogenic Neisseria spp., oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and pneumococci at less than or equal to 4.0 micrograms/ml. Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., enterococci, and oxacillin-resistant staphylococci were resistant to U-76,253A. This U-76,253A antimicrobial activity and spectrum was generally superior to that of comparison orally administered cephems (cefaclor, cefuroxime, and cefixime) and the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination. Tests with beta-lactamase-producing isolates indicated that U-76,253A was bactericidal and that its MICs were only influenced by high inoculum concentrations (10(7) CFU/ml) against type Ia and IVc enzyme-producing strains. Preliminary disk diffusion interpretive zone criteria were calculated for 10- and 30-micrograms U-76,253A disks and several possible susceptible MIC breakpoints. The absolute interpretive agreement between MICs and zone diameters ranged from 87.8 to 95.6%. Final selection of interpretive criteria awaits further U-76,252 pharmacokinetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Jones
- Clinical Microbiology Institute, Tualatin, Oregon 97062
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DÜRCKHEIMER WALTER, ADAM FRIEDHELM, FISCHER GERD, KIRRSTETTER REINER. Recent Developments in the Field of Cephem Antibiotics. ADVANCES IN DRUG RESEARCH 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-013317-8.50006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Antimicrobial activity, spectrum and pharmacokinetics of old and new orally administered cephems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0738-1751(88)90015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ong HH, Allen RC. Chapter 33. To Market, To Market – 1987. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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