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Thomas C, Wurzer L, Malle E, Ristow M, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT. Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis as a Pleiotropic Effect of Commonly Used Drugs. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:905261. [PMID: 35821802 PMCID: PMC9261327 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.905261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated diseases represent a growing burden for global health systems in our aging society. Consequently, we urgently need innovative strategies to counteract these pathological disturbances. Overwhelming generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with age-related damage, leading to cellular dysfunction and, ultimately, diseases. However, low-dose ROS act as crucial signaling molecules and inducers of a vaccination-like response to boost antioxidant defense mechanisms, known as mitohormesis. Consequently, modulation of ROS homeostasis by nutrition, exercise, or pharmacological interventions is critical in aging. Numerous nutrients and approved drugs exhibit pleiotropic effects on ROS homeostasis. In the current review, we provide an overview of drugs affecting ROS generation and ROS detoxification and evaluate the potential of these effects to counteract the development and progression of age-related diseases. In case of inflammation-related dysfunctions, cardiovascular- and neurodegenerative diseases, it might be essential to strengthen antioxidant defense mechanisms in advance by low ROS level rises to boost the individual ROS defense mechanisms. In contrast, induction of overwhelming ROS production might be helpful to fight pathogens and kill cancer cells. While we outline the potential of ROS manipulation to counteract age-related dysfunction and diseases, we also raise the question about the proper intervention time and dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Thomas
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Lia Wurzer
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Ristow
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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2
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Zhu Y, Li Y, Zhang Q, Song Y, Wang L, Zhu Z. Interactions Between Intestinal Microbiota and Neural Mitochondria: A New Perspective on Communicating Pathway From Gut to Brain. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:798917. [PMID: 35283843 PMCID: PMC8908256 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.798917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies shown that neurological diseases are associated with neural mitochondrial dysfunctions and microbiome composition alterations. Since mitochondria emerged from bacterial ancestors during endosymbiosis, mitochondria, and bacteria had analogous genomic characteristics, similar bioactive compounds and comparable energy metabolism pathways. Therefore, it is necessary to rationalize the interactions of intestinal microbiota with neural mitochondria. Recent studies have identified neural mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical pathogenic factor for the onset and progress of multiple neurological disorders, in which the non-negligible role of altered gut flora composition was increasingly noticed. Here, we proposed a new perspective of intestinal microbiota – neural mitochondria interaction as a communicating channel from gut to brain, which could help to extend the vision of gut-brain axis regulation and provide additional research directions on treatment and prevention of responsive neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Medical Technology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuanjian Song
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Liang Wang,
| | - Zuobin Zhu
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zuobin Zhu,
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3
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Yin L, Li C, Wu X, Xu G, Li Z, Shen Y. Synthesis of (E)-N-(4-Styrene) Acrylamides for DNA Topoisomerase IIα Inhibitors and Antitumor Agents. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Mitochondria and Antibiotics: For Good or for Evil? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071050. [PMID: 34356674 PMCID: PMC8301944 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery and application of antibiotics in the common clinical practice has undeniably been one of the major medical advances in our times. Their use meant a drastic drop in infectious diseases-related mortality and contributed to prolonging human life expectancy worldwide. Nevertheless, antibiotics are considered by many a double-edged sword. Their extensive use in the past few years has given rise to a global problem: antibiotic resistance. This factor and the increasing evidence that a wide range of antibiotics can damage mammalian mitochondria, have driven a significant sector of the medical and scientific communities to advise against the use of antibiotics for purposes other to treating severe infections. Notwithstanding, a notorious number of recent studies support the use of these drugs to treat very diverse conditions, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative or mitochondrial diseases. In this context, there is great controversy on whether the risks associated to antibiotics outweigh their promising beneficial features. The aim of this review is to provide insight in the topic, purpose for which the most relevant findings regarding antibiotic therapies have been discussed.
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5
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Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a broad class of antibiotics typically prescribed for bacterial infections, including infections for which their use is discouraged. The FDA has proposed the existence of a permanent disability (Fluoroquinolone Associated Disability; FQAD), which is yet to be formally recognized. Previous studies suggest that FQs act as selective GABAA receptor inhibitors, preventing the binding of GABA in the central nervous system. GABA is a key regulator of the vagus nerve, involved in the control of gastrointestinal (GI) function. Indeed, GABA is released from the Nucleus of the Tractus Solitarius (NTS) to the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the vagus (DMV) to tonically regulate vagal activity. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on FQs in the context of the vagus nerve and examine how these drugs could lead to dysregulated signaling to the GI tract. Since there is sufficient evidence to suggest that GABA transmission is hindered by FQs, it is reasonable to postulate that the vagal circuit could be compromised at the NTS-DMV synapse after FQ use, possibly leading to the development of permanent GI disorders in FQAD.
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Jiang Y, Dou X, Wan K. Epidemiological Characteristics and Trends of Registered Leprosy Cases in China From 2004 to 2016. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:31-36. [PMID: 34232909 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. China was once one of the countries with severe leprosy epidemics, but its incidence has remained low in recent years. Despite this, there has been no decrease in its incidence more recently, and it is still a public health problem which needs to be controlled. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and trends in the detection rate of new cases of leprosy in China between 2004 and 2016. There were 4,519 cases of leprosy in 28 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions between 2004 and 2016, and the total incidence was 0.02815 (per 100,000 individuals) and 21 deaths. The overall incidence of leprosy showed an inverted "V" distribution (i.e., an increase followed by a decrease). Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Guangxi were the top five regions with the highest incidence rates, and they accounted for 68.7% of the total cases. There were more male patients than female patients, and peasants accounted for 71.7% of the leprosy cases. The patients with leprosy in China were mainly concentrated in the age-group 15-44 years, as this group accounted for 57.2% of the total cases. The purpose of this study is to explore the epidemiology of leprosy in China. This analysis will be useful for future monitoring of leprosy and establishment of public health measures in China, in keeping with the "Programme for the Elimination of Leprosy in China 2011-2020."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- 1State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Dou
- 2Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Kanglin Wan
- 1State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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7
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Nogueira AF, Nunes B. Effects of low levels of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin on the polychaete Hediste diversicolor: biochemical and behavioural effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103505. [PMID: 33002593 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The release of pharmaceutical chemicals in the biosphere can have unpredictable ecological consequences, and knowledge concerning their putative toxic effects is still scarce. One example of a widely used pharmaceutical that is present in the aquatic environment is ciprofloxacin. Previous indications suggest that this drug may exert several adverse effects on exposed biota, but the characterization of a full ecotoxicological response to this drug is far from complete, especially in estuarine ecosystems. This work aimed to characterize the acute and chronic effects of ciprofloxacin in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor (Annelida: Polychaeta), exposed to environmentally relevant levels of this drug, close to the real concentrations of this pharmaceutical in surface waters. The adopted toxic endpoints were behavioral parameters, combined with a biomarker-based approach (quantification of the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs), cholinesterases (ChEs), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation levels. Exposure to ciprofloxacin caused effects on behavioural traits, such as an increase in burrowing times and hyperactivity, alongside alterations in biomarkers, including a significant increase in CAT activity following acute exposure. In addition, and after both acute and chronic exposure, lipid peroxidation was reduced, while AChE activities were enhanced. It was possible to ascertain the occurrence of pro-oxidative alterations following exposure to low levels of ciprofloxacin, which were counteracted by the triggering of CAT activity. The meaning of the enhancement of AChE activity is not clear, but it appears to be linked with the observed behavioural changes, and may have been associated with the stimulation of the behavioural traits. These data strongly suggest that the presence of ciprofloxacin in estuarine areas is not without risks, and exposed biota, namely polychaete species, are likely to have their ecological roles affected, thereby compromising the chemical, physical and microbiological stability of sediments, which in turn alters nutrient cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Nogueira
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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8
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Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Al-Taani BM, Masadeh MM, Aburashed ZO, Alrabadi N. Vitamin D Pretreatment Attenuates Ciprofloxacin-Induced Antibacterial Activity. Clin Pharmacol 2020; 12:171-176. [PMID: 33116949 PMCID: PMC7567563 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s268330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ciprofloxacin is an antimicrobial that is commonly used to treat several types of infections. It exerts its antimicrobial activity through interfering with bacterial DNA replication and transcription, leading to increase oxidative stress and eventually bacterial death. Vitamin D, on the other hand, has been found to have DNA protective and antioxidant effects. In the current study, the possible interactive effect of vitamin D on ciprofloxacin-induced cytotoxicity was investigated in various standard bacterial strains. Methods The bacterial strains that were used include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibacterial effect of ciprofloxacin with and without vitamin D treatment of the bacteria was assessed using disc diffusion method and by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zones of inhibition of bacterial growth. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after pretreatment of E. Coli cells with ciprofloxacin and/or vitamin D was measured as a function of as a function of hydrogen peroxide generation. Results Ciprofloxacin demonstrated a potent antibacterial effect against the tested strains of bacteria. Moreover, pretreatment with vitamin D resulted in protecting the bacteria from the cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin, this was indicated by the significantly smaller zones of inhibition and higher MIC values compared to ciprofloxacin alone as well as reduced ciprofloxacin-induced ROS generation after treatment with vitamin D. Conclusion Results revealed the possible reduction in the activity of ciprofloxacin when used in combination with vitamin D. This could be explained by the ability of vitamin D to reduce oxidative stress in the bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed M Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Bashar M Al-Taani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Majd M Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Zainah O Aburashed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Angel SO, Vanagas L, Ruiz DM, Cristaldi C, Saldarriaga Cartagena AM, Sullivan WJ. Emerging Therapeutic Targets Against Toxoplasma gondii: Update on DNA Repair Response Inhibitors and Genotoxic Drugs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:289. [PMID: 32656097 PMCID: PMC7325978 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis in animals and humans. This infection is transmitted to humans through oocysts released in the feces of the felines into the environment or by ingestion of undercooked meat. This implies that toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease and T. gondii is a foodborne pathogen. In addition, chronic toxoplasmosis in goats and sheep is the cause of recurrent abortions with economic losses in the sector. It is also a health problem in pets such as cats and dogs. Although there are therapies against this infection in its acute stage, they are not able to permanently eliminate the parasite and sometimes they are not well tolerated. To develop better, safer drugs, we need to elucidate key aspects of the biology of T. gondii. In this review, we will discuss the importance of the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway in the parasite's lytic cycle and how components of these processes can be potential molecular targets for new drug development programs. In that sense, the effect of different DNA damage agents or HHR inhibitors on the growth and replication of T. gondii will be described. Multitarget drugs that were either associated with other targets or were part of general screenings are included in the list, providing a thorough revision of the drugs that can be tested in other scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio O Angel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Laura Vanagas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Diego M Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Constanza Cristaldi
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Ana M Saldarriaga Cartagena
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - William J Sullivan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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10
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Nogueira AF, Pinto G, Correia B, Nunes B. Embryonic development, locomotor behavior, biochemical, and epigenetic effects of the pharmaceutical drugs paracetamol and ciprofloxacin in larvae and embryos of Danio rerio when exposed to environmental realistic levels of both drugs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1177-1190. [PMID: 31322327 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For several years, the scientific community has been concerned about the presence of pharmaceuticals in the wild, since these compounds may have unpredictable deleterious effects on living organisms. Two examples of widely used pharmaceuticals that are present in the environment are paracetamol and ciprofloxacin. Despite their common presence in the aquatic environment due to their poor removal by sewage treatment plants, knowledge concerning their putative toxic effects is still scarce. This work aimed to characterize the effects of paracetamol (0.005, 0.025, 0.125, 0.625, and 3.125 mg/L) and ciprofloxacin (0.005, 0.013, 0.031, 0.078, 0.195, and 0.488 μg/L) in zebrafish embryos and larvae, exposed to environmentally relevant levels, close to the real concentrations of these pharmaceuticals in surface waters and effluents. The adopted toxic end points were developmental, a behavioral parameter (total swimming time), and a biomarker-based approach (quantification of the activities of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, cholinesterases, glutathione peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation levels) combined with epigenetic analysis (immunohistochemical detection of 5-methylcytidine). Exposure to paracetamol had effects on all of the adopted toxic end points; however, ciprofloxacin only caused effects on behavioral tests and alterations in biomarkers. It is possible to ascertain the occurrence of oxidative stress following exposure to both drugs, which was more evident regarding paracetamol, an effect that may be related to the observed epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Nogueira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Glória Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Barbara Correia
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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New 7-piperazinylquinolones containing (benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl moiety as potent antibacterial agents. Mol Divers 2018; 22:815-825. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Li J, Zheng TC, Jin Y, Xu JG, Yu JG, Lv YW. Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Evaluation of Quinolone Derivatives as Novel Anticancer Agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:55-60. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Quzhou University
| | - Tu-cai Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Quzhou University
| | - Yi Jin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Quzhou University
| | - Jian-guo Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Quzhou University
| | - Jian-gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Quzhou University
| | - Yan-wen Lv
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Quzhou University
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Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Al-Azzam SI, Al-Buhairan AM. Possible involvement of ROS generation in vorinostat pretreatment induced enhancement of the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin. Clin Pharmacol 2017; 9:119-124. [PMID: 29081676 PMCID: PMC5652917 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s148448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying ciprofloxacin action involves interference with transcription and replication of bacterial DNA and, thus, the induction of double-strand breaks in DNA. It also involves elevated oxidative stress, which might contribute to bacterial cell death. Vorinostat was shown to induce oxidative DNA damage. The current work investigated a possible interactive effect of vorinostat on ciprofloxacin-induced cytotoxicity against a number of reference bacteria. Standard bacterial strains were Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12459, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 43300), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 25923). The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin, with or without pretreatment of bacterial cells by vorinostat, was examined using the disc diffusion procedure and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zones of inhibition of bacterial growth. All tested bacterial strains showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. When pretreated with vorinostat, significantly larger zones of inhibition and smaller MIC values were observed in all bacterial strains compared to those treated with ciprofloxacin alone. In correlation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the antibacterial action of ciprofloxacin was enhanced by treatment of bacterial cells with vorinostat. Results showed the possible agonistic properties of vorinostat when used together with ciprofloxacin. This could be related to the ability of these agents to enhance oxidative stress in bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sayer I Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahlam M Al-Buhairan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Al-Azzam SI, Khabour OF, Al-Buhairan AM. Ciprofloxacin-Induced Antibacterial Activity Is Atteneuated by Pretreatment with Antioxidant Agents. Pathogens 2016; 5:E28. [PMID: 27005666 PMCID: PMC4810149 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin works through interfering with replication and transcription of bacterial DNA, which leads to increased oxidative stress, and death of bacterial cells. Drugs with strong antioxidant such as tempol, melatonin and pentoxifylline might interfere with the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin. In the current study, the effect of these drugs on the cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin was investigated against several reference bacteria. Standard bacterial strains included Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12459, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 43300), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 25923). The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin with or without treatment of bacterial cells by tempol, melatonin or pentoxifylline was assessed using the disc diffusion method and by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zones of inhibition of bacterial growth. All of the tested bacterial strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. When treated with tempol, melatonin or pentoxifylline, all bacterial strains showed significantly smaller zones of inhibition and larger MIC values compared ciprofloxacin alone. In correlation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by ciprofloxacin antibacterial action was diminished by treatment of bacterial cells with tempol, melatonin or pentoxifylline. In conclusion, results indicate the possible antagonistic properties for agents with antioxidant properties such as tempol, melatonin and pentoxifylline when they are used concurrently with flouroquinolones. This could be related to the ability of these agents to inhibit oxidative stress in bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed M Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Sayer I Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Ahlam M Al-Buhairan
- College of applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Bisacchi GS, Hale MR. A "Double-Edged" Scaffold: Antitumor Power within the Antibacterial Quinolone. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:520-77. [PMID: 26695512 PMCID: PMC4997924 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666151223095839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the late 1980s, reports emerged describing experimental antibacterial quinolones having significant potency against eukaryotic Type II topoisomerases (topo II) and showing cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines. As a result, several pharmaceutical companies initiated quinolone anticancer programs to explore the potential of this class in comparison to conventional human topo II inhibiting antitumor drugs such as doxorubicin and etoposide. In this review, we present a modern re-evaluation of the anticancer potential of the quinolone class in the context of today's predominantly pathway-based (rather than cytotoxicity-based) oncology drug R&D environment. The quinolone eukaryotic SAR is comprehensively discussed, contrasted with the corresponding prokaryotic data, and merged with recent structural biology information which is now beginning to help explain the basis for that SAR. Quinolone topo II inhibitors appear to be much less susceptible to efflux-mediated resistance, a current limitation of therapy with conventional agents. Recent advances in the biological understanding of human topo II isoforms suggest that significant progress might now be made in overcoming two other treatment-limiting disadvantages of conventional topo II inhibitors, namely cardiotoxicity and drug-induced secondary leukemias. We propose that quinolone class topo II inhibitors could have a useful future therapeutic role due to the continued need for effective topo II drugs in many cancer treatment settings, and due to the recent biological and structural advances which can now provide, for the first time, specific guidance for the design of a new class of inhibitors potentially superior to existing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Bisacchi
- Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India.
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Ragheb MA, Eldesouki MA, Mohamed MS. DNA binding, photo-induced DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity studies of lomefloxacin and its transition metal complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 138:585-595. [PMID: 25541395 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work was focused on a study of the DNA binding and cleavage properties of lomefloxacin (LMF) and its ternary transition metal complexes with glycine. The nature of the binding interactions between compounds and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was studied by electronic absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and thermal denaturation experiments. The obtained results revealed that LMF and its complexes could interact with CT-DNA via partial/moderate intercalative mode. Furthermore, the DNA cleavage activities of the compounds were investigated by gel electrophoresis. Mechanistic studies of DNA cleavage suggest that singlet oxygen ((1)O2) is likely to be the cleaving agent via an oxidative pathway, except for Cu(II) complex which proceeds via both oxidative and hydrolytic pathways. Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of the compounds were also studied against some kinds of bacteria, fungi and human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Speciality, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Eldesouki
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Speciality, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mervat S Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Speciality, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Al-Azzam SI. Ciprofloxacin-Induced Antibacterial Activity Is Attenuated by Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 77:14-7. [PMID: 26649077 PMCID: PMC4644238 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ciprofloxacin is a commonly used antibiotic for urinary tract infection that interacts with bacterial topoisomerases leading to oxidative radicals generation and bacterial cell death. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEis), on the other hand, are commonly used drugs for the management of erectile dysfunction. The group includes agents such as sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil. Objectives We investigated whether PDEi could interfere with the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin. Methods PDEis were tested in several reference bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae utilizing a standard disc diffusion method and measuring both zones of inhibition and MIC. Results Results from both assays indicated that ciprofloxacin demonstrates potent activity against the tested reference bacteria. Additionally, when bacteria were treated with a combination of ciprofloxacin and sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil, the zones of the combination inhibition were significantly reduced, whereas the MIC values were significantly greater than those of ciprofloxacin alone for all tested bacterial strains. In an attempt to examine the mechanism by which PDEis interfere with the action of ciprofloxacin, we utilized the in vitro E coli DNA gyrase cleavage assay. The results showed that PDEi drugs had no effect on ciprofloxacin’s inhibition of E coli gyrase activity. Conclusions Pretreatment of various reference bacterial cells with PDEis largely inhibited the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed M. Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Address correspondence to: Majed M. Masadeh, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sayer I. Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Kalghatgi S, Spina CS, Costello JC, Liesa M, Morones-Ramirez JR, Slomovic S, Molina A, Shirihai OS, Collins JJ. Bactericidal antibiotics induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in Mammalian cells. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:192ra85. [PMID: 23825301 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged antibiotic treatment can lead to detrimental side effects in patients, including ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and tendinopathy, yet the mechanisms underlying the effects of antibiotics in mammalian systems remain unclear. It has been suggested that bactericidal antibiotics induce the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria. We show that clinically relevant doses of bactericidal antibiotics-quinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams-cause mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS overproduction in mammalian cells. We demonstrate that these bactericidal antibiotic-induced effects lead to oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Mice treated with bactericidal antibiotics exhibited elevated oxidative stress markers in the blood, oxidative tissue damage, and up-regulated expression of key genes involved in antioxidant defense mechanisms, which points to the potential physiological relevance of these antibiotic effects. The deleterious effects of bactericidal antibiotics were alleviated in cell culture and in mice by the administration of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine or prevented by preferential use of bacteriostatic antibiotics. This work highlights the role of antibiotics in the production of oxidative tissue damage in mammalian cells and presents strategies to mitigate or prevent the resulting damage, with the goal of improving the safety of antibiotic treatment in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Kalghatgi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Catherine S Spina
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - James C Costello
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - J Ruben Morones-Ramirez
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Shimyn Slomovic
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anthony Molina
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27105, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - James J Collins
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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Substituted quinolinones. Part 22. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of some 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-pyrazolinylquinolin-2(1H)-ones as useful antibiotic intermediates. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Emami S, Shahrokhirad N, Foroumadi A, Faramarzi MA, Samadi N, Soltani-Ghofrani N. 7-Piperazinylquinolones with methylene-bridged nitrofuran scaffold as new antibacterial agents. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Patel MN, Joshi HN, Patel CR. Interactions with herring sperm DNA and biological studies of sparfloxacin drug-based copper(II) compounds. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan N. Patel
- Department of Chemistry; Sardar Patel University; Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Hardik N. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry; Sardar Patel University; Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Chintan R. Patel
- Department of Chemistry; Sardar Patel University; Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
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Drug and multidrug resistance among Mycobacterium leprae isolates from Brazilian relapsed leprosy patients. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:1912-7. [PMID: 22495562 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.06561-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin biopsy samples from 145 relapse leprosy cases and from five different regions in Brazil were submitted for sequence analysis of part of the genes associated with Mycobacterium leprae drug resistance. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes were observed in M. leprae from 4 out of 92 cases with positive amplification (4.3%) and included a case with a mutation in rpoB only, another sample with SNPs in both folP1 and rpoB, and two cases showing mutations in folP1, rpoB, and gyrA, suggesting the existence of multidrug resistance (MDR). The nature of the mutations was as reported in earlier studies, being CCC to CGC in codon 55 in folP (Pro to Arg), while in the case of rpoB, all mutations occurred at codon 531, with two being a transition of TCG to ATG (Ser to Met), one TCG to TTC (Ser to Phe), and one TCG to TTG (Ser to Leu). The two cases with mutations in gyrA changed from GCA to GTA (Ala to Val) in codon 91. The median time from cure to relapse diagnosis was 9.45 years but was significantly shorter in patients with mutations (3.26 years; P = 0.0038). More than 70% of the relapses were multibacillary, including three of the mutation-carrying cases; one MDR relapse patient was paucibacillary.
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Patel MN, Bhatt BS, Dosi PA. Topoisomerase Inhibition, Nucleolytic and Electrolytic Contribution on DNA Binding Activity Exerted by Biological Active Analogue of Coordination Compounds. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1949-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ciprofloxacin-induced antibacterial activity is reversed by vitamin E and vitamin C. Curr Microbiol 2012; 64:457-62. [PMID: 22349957 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of oxidative stress in ciprofloxacin-induced cytotoxicity against several reference bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Oxidative stress was assessed by measurement of hydrogen peroxide generation using a FACScan flow cytometer. The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin was assessed using the disk diffusion method and by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Ciprofloxacin induced a dose-dependent antibacterial activity against all bacteria where the highest tested concentration was 100 ug/ml. Results revealed that E. coli cells were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (MIC = 0.21 μg/mL ± 0.087), P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cells were intermediately sensitive (MIC = 5.40 μg/mL ± 0.14; MIC = 3.42 μg/mL ± 0.377, respectively), and MRSA cells were highly resistant (MIC = 16.76 μg/mL ± 2.1). Pretreatment of E. coli cells with either vitamin E or vitamin C has significantly protected cells against ciprofloxacin-induced cytotoxicity. These results indicate the possible antagonistic properties for vitamins C or E when they are used concurrently with ciprofloxacin.
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Sadeek SA, El-Shwiniy WH, El-Attar MS. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial investigation of some moxifloxacin metal complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 84:99-110. [PMID: 21968206 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The new complexes of moxifloxacin (MOX), with Ti(IV), Y(III), Pd(II) and Ce(IV) have been synthesized. These complexes were then characterized by melting point, magnetic studies and spectroscopic techniques involving infrared spectra (IR), UV-Vis, (1)H NMR. C, H, N and halogen elemental analysis and thermal behavior of complexes also investigated. The results suggested that the molar ratio for all complexes is M: MOX=1:2 where moxifloxacin acts as a bidentate via one of the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group and through the ring carbonyl group and the complexes have the following formula [Ti(MOX)(2)](SO(4))(2)·7H(2)O, [Y(MOX)(2)Cl(2)]Cl·12H(2)O, [Pd(MOX)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]Cl(2)·6H(2)O and [Ce(MOX)(2)](SO(4))(2)·2H(2)O. The activation energies, E*, enthalpies, ΔH*, entropies, ΔS* and Gibbs free energies, ΔG*, of the thermal decomposition reactions have been derived from thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DrTG) curves, using Coats-Redfern (CR) and Horowitz-Metzger (HM) methods. The antimicrobial activity of these complexes has been evaluated against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria and compared with the reference drug moxifloxacin. The antibacterial activity of Ti(IV) complex is significant for E. coli K32 and highly significant for S. aureus K1, B. subtilis K22, Br. otitidis K76, P. aeruginosa SW1 and K. oxytoca K42 compared with free moxifloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeek A Sadeek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of novel 8-fluoro Norfloxacin derivatives as potential probes for methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1232-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang Y, Lin GW, Hong J, Li L, Yang YM, Lu T. Synthesis, structure, DNA binding and cleavage ability of a new copper ciprofloxacin complex. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.515986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Wu Lin
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jin Hong
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Mei Yang
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- b Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance , China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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Sadeek SA, El-Shwiniy WH. Preparation, structure and microbial evaluation of metal complexes of the second generation quinolone antibacterial drug lomefloxacin. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Epigenetic side-effects of common pharmaceuticals: A potential new field in medicine and pharmacology. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:770-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Barrett JF. Section Reviews; Anti-infectives: Section Review Anti-infectives: Quinolone antibacterials and derivatives as antineoplastic agents. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.5.8.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John F Barrett
- The RW Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, NJ, 08869, USA
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Issa MM, Nejem RM, El-Abadla NS, El-Naby MK, Roshdy AA, Kheiralla ZA. Effects of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in plasma using a microbiological assay. Clin Drug Investig 2007; 27:463-7. [PMID: 17563126 DOI: 10.2165/00044011-200727070-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pharmacokinetic drug interactions may result in a decrease or increase in the oral bioavailability of some drugs. Therefore, co-administration of drugs should be avoided, or at least undertaken only when careful therapeutic drug monitoring is possible. Because of the common practice of co-administering paracetamol (acetaminophen) for fever in patients taking the antibacterial ciprofloxacin for infection, we investigated the influence of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin. METHODS In a randomised, two-way crossover study, 10 healthy male volunteers received a single oral dose of ciprofloxacin 500 mg or ciprofloxacin 500 mg plus paracetamol 500 mg. Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured in plasma samples using a microbiological assay. RESULTS No significant differences were found as a result of concomitant administration of paracetamol in the ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters oral clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F). However, the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) suggested that paracetamol increases ciprofloxacin concentrations on average by 16%. Concomitant administration of paracetamol slightly increased ciprofloxacin AUC(infinity) from 14.37 +/- 0.91 to 16.71 +/- 0.99 microg . h/mL (p = 0.073) and ciprofloxacin maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) from 2.52 +/- 0.18 to 2.61 +/- 0.24 microg/mL (p = 0.113), while slightly decreasing time to ciprofloxacin C(max) from 1.5 to 1.3 hours (p = 0.376). CONCLUSION The results confirm an increased concentration-time profile of ciprofloxacin when the latter is co-administered with paracetamol. We believe that a pharmacokinetic interaction may have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohamed Issa
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Alaqsa University, Gaza, Palestine
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Yu LC, Chen ZF, Liang H, Zhou CS, Fun HK. Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and antibacterial studies of nickel(II) and manganese(II) complexes with ciprofloxacin. J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970500438136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Cai Yu
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, P.R. China
- b College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Central-South University , Changsha 410012, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- a College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, P.R. China
- b College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Central-South University , Changsha 410012, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Shan Zhou
- b College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Central-South University , Changsha 410012, P.R. China
| | - Hoong-Kun Fun
- c X-ray Crystallography Unit , School of Physics , Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
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Metalloantitubercular compounds Part 3: Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopy, electrochemistry and antimycobacterial activity of the copper(II) ciproploxacin (cfH) complex and its phenanthroline adduct. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-004-5861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Uriarte SM, Molestina RE, Miller RD, Bernabo J, Farinati A, Eiguchi K, Ramirez JA, Summersgill JT. Effects of fluoroquinolones on the migration of human phagocytes through Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected and tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated endothelial cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:2538-43. [PMID: 15215106 PMCID: PMC434182 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.7.2538-2543.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activities of three quinolones, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin, were investigated with an in vitro model of transendothelial migration (TEM). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were seeded in Transwell inserts, treated with serial dilutions of antibiotics, infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae, or stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Neutrophils or monocytes were also preincubated with serial dilutions of each antibiotic. TEM was assessed by light microscopic examination of the underside of the polycarbonate membrane, and levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In HUVEC infected with C. pneumoniae or stimulated with TNF-alpha, all fluoroquinolones significantly decreased neutrophil and monocyte TEM, compared to antibiotic-free controls. Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin produced a significant decrease in IL-8 in C. pneumoniae-infected and TNF-alpha-stimulated HUVEC; however, moxifloxacin was the only fluoroquinolone that produced a significant decrease in MCP-1 levels under both conditions. Results from this study indicate similarities in the anti-inflammatory activities of these fluoroquinolones, although no statistically significant decrease in chemokine secretion was observed when levofloxacin was used. Mechanisms of neutrophil and monocyte TEM inhibition by fluoroquinolone antibiotics are unknown but may be partially due to inhibition of IL-8 and MCP-1 production, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Uriarte
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Room 311, Instructional Building, 500 South Preston St., University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Wall MK, Mitchenall LA, Maxwell A. Arabidopsis thaliana DNA gyrase is targeted to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:7821-6. [PMID: 15136745 PMCID: PMC419690 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0400836101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA gyrase is the bacterial DNA topoisomerase (topo) that supercoils DNA by using the free energy of ATP hydrolysis. The enzyme, an A(2)B(2) tetramer encoded by the gyrA and gyrB genes, catalyses topological changes in DNA during replication and transcription, and is the only topo that is able to introduce negative supercoils. Gyrase is essential in bacteria and apparently absent from eukaryotes and is, consequently, an important target for antibacterial agents (e.g., quinolones and coumarins). We have identified four putative gyrase genes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana; one gyrA and three gyrB homologues. DNA gyrase protein A (GyrA) has a dual translational initiation site targeting the mature protein to both chloroplasts and mitochondria, and there are individual targeting sequences for two of the DNA gyrase protein B (GyrB) homologues. N-terminal fusions of the organellar targeting sequences to GFPs support the hypothesis that one enzyme is targeted to the chloroplast and another to the mitochondrion, which correlates with supercoiling activity in isolated organelles. Treatment of seedlings and cultured cells with gyrase-specific drugs leads to growth inhibition. Knockout of A. thaliana gyrA is embryo-lethal whereas knockouts in the gyrB genes lead to seedling-lethal phenotypes or severely stunted growth and development. The A. thaliana genes have been cloned in Escherichia coli and found to complement gyrase temperature-sensitive strains. This report confirms the existence of DNA gyrase in eukaryotes and has important implications for drug targeting, organelle replication, and the evolution of topos in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa K Wall
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Saha DK, Padhye S, Anson CE, Powell AK. Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopy, electrochemistry and antimycobacterial evaluation of the copper (II) ciprofloxacin complex: [Cu(cf)2(BF4)2]·6H2O. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(02)00635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Extensive pharmacologic and clinical development of quinolone antimicrobial agents has resulted in improved antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic features, toxicity, and drug-drug interaction profiles. Nalidixic acid and other early quinolones had limited use due to poor pharmacokinetics, relatively narrow antimicrobial spectrum of activity, and frequent adverse effects. Beginning with the development of fluoroquinolones, such as norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, in the 1980s, the agents assumed a greatly expanded clinical role because of their broad antimicrobial spectrum of action, improved pharmacokinetic properties, and more acceptable safety profile. Although the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the drugs have improved significantly, a major area of continued emphasis is to further reduce the frequency and severity of adverse events and drug-drug interactions. Older agents such as ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are still extensively prescribed, but the focus of this article is on the newer fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and other drugs that have been approved or have been under investigation since approximately 1997).
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Fish
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA
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38
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Barnard FM, Maxwell A. Interaction between DNA gyrase and quinolones: effects of alanine mutations at GyrA subunit residues Ser(83) and Asp(87). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1994-2000. [PMID: 11408214 PMCID: PMC90591 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.7.1994-2000.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2001] [Accepted: 04/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA gyrase is a target of quinolone antibacterial agents, but the molecular details of the quinolone-gyrase interaction are not clear. Quinolone resistance mutations frequently occur at residues Ser(83) and Asp(87) of the gyrase A subunit, suggesting that these residues are involved in drug binding. Single and double alanine substitutions were created at these positions (Ala(83), Ala(87), and Ala(83) Ala(87)), and the mutant proteins were assessed for DNA supercoiling, DNA cleavage, and resistance to a number of quinolone drugs. The Ala(83) mutant was fully active in supercoiling, whereas the Ala(87) and the double mutant were 2.5- and 4- to 5-fold less active, respectively; this loss in activity may be partly due to an increased affinity of these mutant proteins for DNA. Supercoiling inhibition and cleavage assays revealed that the double mutant has a high level of resistance to certain quinolones while the mutants with single alanine substitutions show low-level resistance. Using a drug-binding assay we demonstrated that the double-mutant enzyme-DNA complex has a lower affinity for ciprofloxacin than the wild-type complex. Based on the pattern of resistance to a series of quinolones, an interaction between the C-8 group of the quinolone and the double-mutant gyrase in the region of residues 83 and 87 is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Barnard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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39
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Holtom PD, Pavkovic SA, Bravos PD, Patzakis MJ, Shepherd LE, Frenkel B. Inhibitory effects of the quinolone antibiotics trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin on osteoblastic cells in vitro. J Orthop Res 2000; 18:721-7. [PMID: 11117292 DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100180507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the inhibitory effects of the fluoroquinolones levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin on growth and extracellular matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cell cultures. Levofloxacin had the least inhibitory effect on cell growth, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 80 microg/ml at 48 and 72 hours. Ciprofloxacin had an intermediate degree of inhibition, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 40 microg/ml at 48 and 72 hours. Trovafloxacin exerted a profound inhibitory effect on cell growth, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.5 microg/ml, lower than clinically achievable serum levels. The decreased cell counts with up to 2.5 microg/ml of trovafloxacin and with up to 40 microg/ml of ciprofloxacin were not associated with decreased rates of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation per cell. Alatrovafloxacin, the L-alanyl-l-alanine prodrug of trovafloxacin, exerted effects on proliferation and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation similar to those of the parent compound. The quinolones evaluated also inhibited extracellular matrix mineralization by MC3T3-E1 cells. Treatment of confluent cultures with trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, or levofloxacin resulted in strong inhibition of calcium deposition, as determined on day 14 by alizarin red staining and biochemical analysis. The effect was apparent with 2.5-5 microg/ml of each of the three antibiotics tested and progressively increased to more than a 90% decline in the calcium/protein ratio with 20-40 microg/ml antibiotic concentration. Further in vivo studies are advocated to evaluate the relevance of the in vitro cytotoxicity reported here to bone healing in orthopaedic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Holtom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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40
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Dong J, Walker J, Nitiss JL. A mutation in yeast topoisomerase II that confers hypersensitivity to multiple classes of topoisomerase II poisons. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:7980-7. [PMID: 10713116 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.11.7980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A mutation was constructed in the CAP homology domain of yeast topoisomerase II that resulted in hypersensitivity to the intercalating agent N-[4-(9-acridinylamino)-3-methoxy-phenyl]methanesulfonamide and the fluoroquinolone 6, 8-difluoro-7-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1-cyclopropyl-4-quinolone-3-carboxyli c acid, but not to etoposide. This mutation, which changes threonine at position 744 to proline, also confers hypersensitivity to anti-bacterial fluoroquinolones. The purified T744P mutant protein had wild type enzymatic activity in the absence of drugs, and no alteration in drug-independent DNA cleavage. Enhanced DNA cleavage in the presence of N-[4-(9-acridinylamino)-3-methoxy-phenyl]methanesulfonamide and fluoroquinolones was observed, in agreement with the results observed in vivo. DNA cleavage was also seen in the presence of norfloxacin and oxolinic acid, two quinolones that are inactive against eukaryotic topoisomerase II. The hypersensitivity was not associated with heat-stable covalent complexes, as was seen in another drug-hypersensitive mutant. Molecular modeling suggests that the mutation in the CAP homology domain may displace amino acids that play important roles in catalysis by topoisomerase II and may explain the drug-hypersensitive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dong
- Molecular Pharmacology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38018, USA
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41
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Hancock RE. Resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27 Suppl 1:S93-9. [PMID: 9710677 DOI: 10.1086/514909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli are still a major concern in compromised individuals. By far the most important of these organisms is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although Acinetobacter baumannii (previously Acinetobacter calcoaceticus), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (previously Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas maltophilia), and Burkholderia cepacia (previously Pseudomonas cepacia) are also of substantative concern because of their similar high intrinsic resistances to antibiotics. The basis for the high intrinsic resistance of these organisms is the lower outer-membrane permeability of these species, coupled with secondary resistance mechanisms such as an inducible cephalosporinase or antibiotic efflux pumps, which take advantage of low outer-membrane permeability. Even a small change in antibiotic susceptibility of these organisms can result in an increase in the MIC of a drug to a level that is greater than the clinically achievable level. In this review, the major mechanisms of resistance observed in the laboratory and clinic are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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42
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Majtánová L, Majtán V. Quinolone effects in the SOS chromotest and the synthesis of biomacromolecules. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1998; 41:233-6. [PMID: 9449772 DOI: 10.1007/bf02814622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of quinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin) was studied on the selected mutant E. coli strain PQ 37 (SOS chromotest). The genotoxicity was expressed by SOS-inducing potential (SOSIP) values. The highest SOSIP values were found with ciprofloxacin (SOSIP = 1967 delta IF/nmol), the lowest value was observed with nalidixic acid (SOSIP = 0.3 delta IF/nmol). Similar results were also found with the biosynthesis of nucleic acids, as indicated by incorporation of 14C-adenine into TCA-insoluble fractions of S. typhimurium cells (ciprofloxacin IC50 = 0.39, nalidixic acid IC50 = 400). DNA-damaging effects were tested in the absence of an exogenous metabolizing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Majtánová
- Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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43
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Schubert S, Andresen BH, Bähr V, Fischer L, Stamp R, Stricker G, Wittke JW, Ullmann U. The immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics: in vitro and ex vivo investigations of 21 substances by means of the lymphocyte transformation test. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1996; 284:402-38. [PMID: 8837401 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(96)80116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Besides their antimicrobial activity antibiotics can modulate immune response. The paper provides original data about in vitro and in vivo influence of antibiotics on lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and gives a comprehensive overview of literature data. In the study presented here the influence of several antimicrobial substances on unstimulated and PHA-stimulated lymphocyte transformation was investigated. The proliferative response was measured as (3H) thymidine uptake by lymphocytes. For initial screening the lymphocyte transformation test was performed on murine lymphocytes in vitro. As a whole 21 antimicrobial substances were tested including representative substances of the most important main groups. As a second step experiments were done with selected substances on human lymphocytes that had shown a distinct influence on murine cells in vitro. At therapeutic concentrations a pronounced stimulation of murine lymphocyte transformation was caused by carbapenems, aminothiazole cephalosporins and imidazoles. Purine analogs had only suppressive effects. However, the increased (3H) thymidine uptake in murine cells could not be regularly reproduced in human lymphocytes and in ex vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schubert
- Institut für Med. Mikrobiologie und Virologie, Universität Kiel, Germany
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44
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Ebringer L, Dobias J, Krajcvoic J, Polónyi J, Krizková L, Lahitová N. Antimutagens reduce ofloxacin-induced bleaching in Euglena gracilis. Mutat Res 1996; 359:85-93. [PMID: 8598835 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1161(96)90255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxic effect of ofloxacin was significantly decreased by standard antimutagens (sodium selenite, ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene) in the unicellular flagellate Euglena gracilis. The antiofloxacin activity of sodium selenite was also documented by a bacterial test in which the repair-proficient strain Salmonella typhimurium TA102 was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ebringer
- Institute of Molecular and Subcellular Biology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Odborárske nám. 5, 81107 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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45
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Klopman G, Fercu D, Li JY, Rosenkranz HS, Jacobs MR. Antimycobacterial quinolones: a comparative analysis of structure-activity and structure-cytotoxicity relationships. Res Microbiol 1996; 147:86-96. [PMID: 8761728 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(96)80209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Klopman
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7078, USA
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46
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Riesbeck K, Forsgren A. CP-115,953 stimulates cytokine production by lymphocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:476-83. [PMID: 7726518 PMCID: PMC162563 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.2.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic quinolone CP-115,953 specifically exerts its inhibitory effect upon eukaryotic topoisomerase II. CP-115,953 stimulates DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase II with a potency approximately 600 times greater than that of ciprofloxacin, a quinolone antibacterial agent that currently is in clinical use. Because ciprofloxacin has been reported to strongly enhance interleukin-2 production, we considered it important to study the effect of CP-115,953 on interleukin-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mRNA and protein expression in mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. For comparison, novobiocin and the antineoplastic drug etoposide were also included in the study. CP-115,953 (25 microM) enhanced interleukin-2 mRNA levels up to 8-fold and IFN-gamma mRNA concentrations up to 6.5-fold. In contrast, ciprofloxacin (282 microM) induced mRNAs for interleukin-2 and IFN-gamma up to 20-fold and 7.8-fold, respectively. However, CP-115,953 showed more prolonged kinetics of IFN-gamma mRNA production than ciprofloxacin. At high concentrations (> or = 141 microM), ciprofloxacin was a greater inducer of interleukin-2 production and exhibited a higher level of stimulatory action than CP-115,953 on IFN-gamma synthesis. At low concentrations, however, CP-115,953 (< or = 25 microM) was more potent than ciprofloxacin in inducing interleukin-2 and IFN-gamma synthesis. Etoposide or novobiocin did not influence cytokine mRNA expression. Thus, among the topoisomerase II inhibitors tested, fluoroquinolones are unique in stimulating cytokine synthesis in lymphocyte cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Riesbeck
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden
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47
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Jimenez-Valera M, Sampedro A, Moreno E, Ruiz-Bravo A. Modification of immune response in mice by ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:150-4. [PMID: 7695298 PMCID: PMC162501 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.1.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies have suggested that the addition of ciprofloxacin to in vitro cultures of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes exerts inhibitory effects on cell cycle progression and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion. We tested the effects of this drug on some immunity parameters in BALB/c mice. Mice treated intraperitoneally with ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg of body weight per day) for 3 consecutive days and immunized with sheep erythrocytes 24 h after the last injection showed significant suppression of hemolytic IgG-forming cells, whereas the response of IgM-forming cells remained unchanged. When treatment lasted 7 days the response of antibody-forming cells was not modified. When the 3-day treatment was started at 24 h after immunization with sheep erythrocytes, the response of IgM-forming cells was increased, whereas the response of IgG-forming cells was suppressed. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes was significantly suppressed in animals that received the 3-day treatment with ciprofloxacin and were immunized subcutaneously 24 h after the last injection. In vitro proliferation of lymphocytes from ciprofloxacin-treated mice in response to either lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A was also suppressed. Leukopenia and an increase in the level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells in bone marrow were also observed in ciprofloxacin-treated mice. These results, together with those from other reports, suggest that modification of the biological responses by ciprofloxacin is a complex phenomenon that may be influenced by several factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jimenez-Valera
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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48
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Nitiss JL. Using yeast to study resistance to topoisomerase II-targeting drugs. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1994; 34 Suppl:S6-13. [PMID: 8070029 DOI: 10.1007/bf00684857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a system utilizing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to probe the mechanism of action of anti-topoisomerase II drugs. This system has enabled us to dissect the mechanism of action of these agents. By inducing the overexpression of yeast topoisomerase II or by reducing the level of activity using temperature-sensitive mutations in topoisomerase II, we have demonstrated that conversion of topoisomerase II to a cellular poison plays a critical role in cell killing. We have also constructed other mutations in the yeast TOP2 gene that are resistant to etoposide and amsacrine and determined the DNA sequences for several of the drug-resistant alleles. The mutations that confer drug resistance map to several regions of the TOP2 gene. A mutation of particular interest changes Ser741 to Trp. This mutation results in hypersensitivity to etoposide but does not alter sensitivity to other agents such as mAMSA. We suggest that this mutation defines a site on the TOP2 protein that is involved in drug:protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nitiss
- Developmental Therapeutics Section, Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles, California 90027
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49
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Kreuzer KN. A bacteriophage model system for studying topoisomerase inhibitors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1994; 29B:171-86. [PMID: 8996607 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)61137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The bacteriophage T4 provides a unique and informative system in which to study the mechanism of action of antitumor agents that inhibit type II DNA topoisomerases. The evolutionary conservation of inhibitor sensitivity provides a strong argument for a conserved inhibitor binding site at or very near the active site of the enzyme-DNA complex. Studies of the wild-type and drug-resistant T4 topoisomerases have provided several important arguments that the drug binding site is located very near the phosphodiester bonds that are cleaved by the topoisomerase. One reasonable model is that the inhibitors intercalate between the two bases on each side of the cleaved phosphodiester bond and physically block the resealing reaction. Finally, genetic analyses using the T4 system have provided some of the most detailed information concerning the role of type II topoisomerase in various aspects of DNA metabolism. The topoisomerase is involved in two distinct pathways of mutagenesis, one that generates frameshift mutations and the other involving gross DNA rearrangements. Both pathways operate precisely at the DNA sites that are cleaved by the enzyme in the presence of inhibitors. Furthermore, recombinational repair can apparently correct lesions that are generated upon inhibition of the T4 topoisomerase, and these inhibitors correspondingly stimulate homologous recombination in phage-infected cells. A complete description of the action of antitumor agents that inhibit type II topoisomerases clearly involves many diverse aspects of nucleic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Kreuzer
- Department of Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Osheroff N, Corbett AH, Robinson MJ. Mechanism of action of topoisomerase II-targeted antineoplastic drugs. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1994; 29B:105-26. [PMID: 8996604 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)61134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37332-0146, USA
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