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Gerzova L, Videnska P, Faldynova M, Sedlar K, Provaznik I, Cizek A, Rychlik I. Characterization of microbiota composition and presence of selected antibiotic resistance genes in carriage water of ornamental fish. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103865. [PMID: 25084116 PMCID: PMC4118911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
International trade with ornamental fish is gradually recognized as an important source of a wide range of different antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this study we therefore characterized the prevalence of selected antibiotic resistance genes in the microbiota found in the carriage water of ornamental fish originating from 3 different continents. Real-time PCR quantification showed that the sul1 gene was present in 11 out of 100 bacteria. tet(A) was present in 6 out of 100 bacteria and strA, tet(G), sul2 and aadA were present in 1-2 copies per 100 bacteria. Class I integrons were quite common in carriage water microbiota, however, pyrosequencing showed that only 12 different antibiotic gene cassettes were present in class I integrons. The microbiota characterized by pyrosequencing of the V3/V4 variable region of 16S rRNA genes consisted of Proteobacteria (48%), Bacteroidetes (29.5%), Firmicutes (17.8%), Actinobacteria (2.1%) and Fusobacteria (1.6%). Correlation analysis between antibiotic resistance gene prevalence and microbiota composition verified by bacterial culture showed that major reservoirs of sul1 sul2, tet(A), tet(B) tet(G), cat, cml, bla, strA, aacA, aph and aadA could be found among Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria with representatives of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae and Comamonadaceae being those most positively associated with the tested antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karel Sedlar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Provaznik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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García DC, Catalano M, Piñeiro S, Woloj M, Kaufman S, Sordelli DO. The emergence of resistance to amikacin in Serratia marcescens isolates from patients with nosocomial infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 7:203-10. [PMID: 18611757 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(96)00322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/1996] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Administration of either amikacin (1985) or gentamicin (1984, 1986-1991) as first-choice aminoglycoside did not decrease the high incidence of amikacin-resistant Serratia marcescens (ARSm) isolates responsible for nosocomial infections at the J.A. Fernández Hospital of Buenos Aires (42% in 1984, 31% in 1985 and 41% in 1987, differences not significant). In addition, a significant peak (P = 0.003) was detected in 1986, with an ARSm incidence of 70%. The incidence of ARSm decreased by 1988-1991 for reasons not related to aminoglycoside use. In the period 1984-1987 all S. marcescens isolates carried the 6'-aminoglycoside-acetyltransferase-Ic [aac(6')-Ic] gene, while in addition 20% of the isolates contained the plasmid-encoded 3'-aminoglycoside-phosphotransferase-VIa[aph(3')-VIa] and 2% the 6'-aminoglycoside-acetyltransferase-Ib [aac(6')-Ib] genes. From 1988 to 1992 resistance to amikacin was associated with only 4 ARSm isolates and correlated with the appearance of Tn1331-related sequences in these isolates. This transposon or related sequences, however, was not widely spread in the S. marcescens population under investigation. Combined use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), ribotyping and plasmid profile analysis revealed that S. marcescens strains of the same genotype, including isolates either expressing or not the aac(6')-Ic gene, were involved in outbreaks occurring in May 1984, May 1985 and May 1986. Furthermore, these epidemiological tools permitted discrimination of different S. marcescens clones, each bearing a particular amikacin-resistance marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C García
- Laboratorio BioSidus, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Integrated Multilevel Surveillance of the World's Infecting Microbes and Their Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011; 24:281-95. [PMID: 21482726 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00021-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial surveillance systems have varied in their source of support; type of laboratory reporting (patient care or reference); inclusiveness of reports filed; extent of microbial typing; whether single hospital, multihospital, or multicountry; proportion of total medical centers participating; and types, levels, integration across levels, and automation of analyses performed. These surveillance systems variably support the diagnosis and treatment of patients, local or regional infection control, local or national policies and guidelines, laboratory capacity building, sentinel surveillance, and patient safety. Overall, however, only a small fraction of available data are under any surveillance, and very few data are fully integrated and analyzed. Advancing informatics and genomics can make microbial surveillance far more efficient and effective at preventing infections and improving their outcomes. The world's microbiology laboratories should upload their reports each day to programs that detect events, trends, and epidemics in communities, hospitals, countries, and the world.
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Sequences related to Tn1331 associated with multiple antimicrobial resistance in different Salmonella serovars. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 5:199-202. [PMID: 18611669 DOI: 10.1016/0924-8579(95)00005-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/1995] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serovars of Salmonella resistant to ampicillin, third-generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides but sensitive to chloramphenicol, cefoxitin and ceftibuten emerged in one pediatric hospital of Buenos Aires. All isolates expressed AAC(6')-I and AAC(3)-V enzyme activities, making them resistant to all aminoglycosides marketed in Argentina by the time this investigation was performed. The cefotaxime resistance marker, the AAC(3)-V enzyme activity and Tn1331-related sequences were associated with plasmid DNAs from different Salmonella serovars.
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Temporal appearance of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1665-6. [PMID: 19164145 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01447-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred fifty AAC(6')-Ib-positive gram-negative isolates collected between 1981 and 1991 were examined by PCR for the presence of the aac(6')-Ib-cr variant and other plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. None had the aac(6')-Ib-cr variant, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qepA, but two strains collected in 1988 had qnrB alleles, making these the earliest known PMQR genes.
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Shmara A, Weinsetel N, Dery KJ, Chavideh R, Tolmasky ME. Systematic analysis of a conserved region of the aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:3287-92. [PMID: 11709299 PMCID: PMC90828 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.12.3287-3292.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was applied to the aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib conserved motif B, and the effects of the substitutions were analyzed by measuring the MICs of kanamycin (KAN) and its semisynthetic derivative, amikacin (AMK). Several substitutions resulted in no major change in MICs. E167A and F171A resulted in derivatives that lost the ability to confer resistance to KAN and AMK. P155A, P157A, N159A, L160A, I163A, K168A, and G170A conferred intermediate levels of resistance. Y166A resulted in an enzyme derivative with a modified specificity; it conferred a high level of resistance to KAN but lost the ability to confer resistance to AMK. Although not as pronounced, the resistance profiles conferred by substitutions N159A and G170A were related to that conferred by Y166A. These phenotypes, taken together with previous results indicating that mutant F171L could not catalyze acetylation of AMK when the assays were carried out at 42 degrees C (D. Panaite and M. Tolmasky, Plasmid 39:123-133, 1998), suggest that some motif B amino acids play a direct or indirect role in acceptor substrate specificity. MICs of AMK and KAN for cells harboring the substitution C165A were high, suggesting that the active form of the enzyme may not be a dimer formed through a disulfide bond. Furthermore, this result indicated that the acetylation reaction occurs through a direct mechanism rather than a ping-pong mechanism that includes a transient transfer of the acetyl group to a cysteine residue. Deletion of fragments at the C terminus demonstrated that up to 10 amino acids could be deleted without a loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shmara
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92834-6850, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Orsini
- Sections of Surgery, Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
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O'Brien TF, Stelling JM. WHONET: Removing obstacles to the full use of information about antimicrobial resistance. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(96)00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bunny KL, Hall RM, Stokes HW. New mobile gene cassettes containing an aminoglycoside resistance gene, aacA7, and a chloramphenicol resistance gene, catB3, in an integron in pBWH301. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:686-93. [PMID: 7793874 PMCID: PMC162606 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.3.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidrug resistance plasmid pBWH301 was shown to contain a sull-associated integron with five inserted gene cassettes, aacA7-catB3-aadB-oxa2-orfD, all of which can be mobilized by the integron-encoded DNA integrase. The aadB, oxa2, and orfD cassettes are identical to known cassettes. The aacA7 gene encodes a protein that is a member of one of the three known families of aminoglycoside acetyltransferases classified as AAC(6')-I. The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase encoded by the catB3 gene is closely related to members of a recently identified family of chloramphenicol acetyltransferases. The catB3 gene displays a relatively high degree of sequence identity to a chromosomally located open reading frame in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and this may represent evidence for the acquisition by a cassette of a chromosomal gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Bunny
- School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
The clinical microbiology laboratory is strategically positioned to recognize changing patterns in bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. This requires the application of accurate testing methods and a methodological survey of drug-resistance patterns among clinically important bacteria. This information can be assembled into comprehensive international databases, using a common format to facilitate monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Sahm
- Divn of Microbiology and Serology, Jewish Hospital at Washington, University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Amábile-Cuevas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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