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Boaro A, Ageitos L, Torres MDT, Blasco EB, Oztekin S, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Structure-function-guided design of synthetic peptides with anti-infective activity derived from wasp venom. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2023; 4:101459. [PMID: 38239869 PMCID: PMC10795512 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from natural toxins and venoms offer a promising alternative source of antibiotics. Here, through structure-function-guided design, we convert two natural AMPs derived from the venom of the solitary eumenine wasp Eumenes micado into α-helical AMPs with reduced toxicity that kill Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in a preclinical mouse model. To identify the sequence determinants conferring antimicrobial activity, an alanine scan screen and strategic single lysine substitutions are made to the amino acid sequence of these natural peptides. These efforts yield a total of 34 synthetic derivatives, including alanine substituted and lysine-substituted sequences with stabilized α-helical structures and increased net positive charge. The resulting lead synthetic peptides kill the Gram-negative pathogens Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1 and PA14) by rapidly permeabilizing both their outer and cytoplasmic membranes, exhibit anti-infective efficacy in a mouse model by reducing bacterial loads by up to three orders of magnitude, and do not readily select for bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Boaro
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Present address: Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Lucía Ageitos
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Present address: CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Esther Broset Blasco
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sebahat Oztekin
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Present address: Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69000, Turkey
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lead contact
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Wang CB, Yan X, Wang GH, Liu WQ, Wang Y, Hao DF, Liu HM, Zhang M. NKHs27, a sevenband grouper NK-Lysin peptide that possesses immunoregulatory and antimicrobial activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108715. [PMID: 37001746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As an effective and broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide, NK-Lysin is attracted more and more attention at present. However, the functions and action mechanism of NK-Lysin peptides are still not comprehensive enough at present. In this study, a sevenband grouper (Hyporthodus septemfasciatus) NK-Lysin peptide, NKHs27, was identified and synthesized, and its biological functions were studied. The results indicated that NKHs27 shares 44.44%∼88.89% overall sequence identities with other teleost NK-Lysin peptides. The following antibacterial activity assay exhibited that NKHs27 was active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. Additionally, NKHs27 showed a synergistic effect when it was combined with rifampicin or erythromycin. In the process of interaction with the L. anguillarum cells, NKHs27 changed the cell membrane permeability and retained its morphological integrity, then penetrated into the cytoplasm to act on genomic DNA or total RNA. Then, in vitro studies showed that NKHs27 could enhance the respiratory burst ability of macrophages and upregulate immune-related genes expression in it. Moreover, NKHs27 incubation improved the proliferation of peripheral blood leukocytes significantly. Finally, in vivo studies showed that administration of NKHs27 prior to bacterial infection significantly reduced pathogen dissemination and replication in tissues. In summary, these results provide new insights into the function of NK-Lysin peptides in teleost and support that NKHs27, as a novel broad-spectrum antibacterial peptide, has potential applications in aquaculture against pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Biao Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Xue Yan
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Guang-Hua Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Wen-Qing Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Dong-Fang Hao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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3
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Our Experience over 20 Years: Antimicrobial Peptides against Gram Positives, Gram Negatives, and Fungi. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010040. [PMID: 36678669 PMCID: PMC9862542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is rapidly increasing, and new anti-infective therapies are urgently needed. In this regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may represent potential candidates for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant microorganisms. In this narrative review, we reported the experience of our research group over 20 years. We described the AMPs we evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungi. In conclusion, our experience shows that AMPs can be a key option for treating multiresistant infections and overcoming resistance mechanisms. The combination of AMPs allows antibiotics and antifungals that are no longer effective to exploit the synergistic effect by restoring their efficacy. A current limitation includes poor data on human patients, the cost of some AMPs, and their safety, which is why studies on humans are needed as soon as possible.
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4
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Howell M, Wenc AK, Donaghy CM, Wasche DV, Abissi I, Naing MD, Pierce S, Angeles-Boza AM. Exploring synergy and its role in antimicrobial peptide biology. Methods Enzymol 2022; 663:99-130. [PMID: 35168799 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides will be an essential component in combating the escalating issue of antibiotic resistance. Identifying synergistic combinations of two or more substances will increase the value of these peptides further. Several potential pitfalls in conducting synergy testing with peptides are discussed in detail. As case studies, we describe observations of AMP synergy with peptides, antibiotics, and metal ions as well as some of the mechanistic details that have been uncovered. The Bliss and Loewe models for synergy are presented prior to recommending protocols for conducting checkerboard, minimal inhibitory concentration, and time-kill assays. Establishing mechanisms of action and exploring the potential for resistance will be crucial to translate these studies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Howell
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Antonina K Wenc
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Caroline M Donaghy
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Devon V Wasche
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Izabela Abissi
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Marvin D Naing
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Scott Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Alfredo M Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
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Shang D, Han X, Du W, Kou Z, Jiang F. Trp-Containing Antibacterial Peptides Impair Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Development in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Exhibit Synergistic Effects With Antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:611009. [PMID: 33643239 PMCID: PMC7906020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.611009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum sensing (QS) to control virulence, biofilm formation and antibiotic efflux pump expression. The development of effective small molecules targeting the QS system and biofilm formation represents a novel attractive strategy. In this present study, the effects of a series of Trp-containing peptides on the QS-regulated virulence and biofilm development of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, as well as their synergistic antibacterial activity with three classes of traditional chemical antibiotics were investigated. The results showed that Trp-containing peptides at low concentrations reduced the production of QS-regulated virulence factors by downregulating the gene expression of both the las and rhl systems in the strain MRPA0108. Biofilm formation was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with extracellular polysaccharide production inhibition by downregulating pelA, algD, and pslA transcription. These changes correlated with alterations in the extracellular production of pseudomonal virulence factors and swarming motility. In addition, the combination of Trp-containing peptides at low concentration with the antibiotics ceftazidime and piperacillin provided synergistic effects. Notably, L11W and L12W showed the highest synergy with ceftazidime and piperacillin. A mechanistic study demonstrated that the Trp-containing peptides, especially L12W, significantly decreased β-lactamase activity and expression of efflux pump genes OprM, MexX, and MexA, resulting in a reduction in antibiotic efflux from MRPA0108 cells and thus increasing the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics against MRPA0108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejing Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Wanying Du
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiru Kou
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Fengquan Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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6
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Rajasekaran G, Kumar SD, Yang S, Shin SY. The design of a cell-selective fowlicidin-1-derived peptide with both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Pizzolato-Cezar LR, Okuda-Shinagawa NM, Machini MT. Combinatory Therapy Antimicrobial Peptide-Antibiotic to Minimize the Ongoing Rise of Resistance. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1703. [PMID: 31447797 PMCID: PMC6695574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Pizzolato-Cezar
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nancy M Okuda-Shinagawa
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Machini
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zharkova MS, Orlov DS, Golubeva OY, Chakchir OB, Eliseev IE, Grinchuk TM, Shamova OV. Application of Antimicrobial Peptides of the Innate Immune System in Combination With Conventional Antibiotics-A Novel Way to Combat Antibiotic Resistance? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:128. [PMID: 31114762 PMCID: PMC6503114 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly growing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics leads to inefficiency of traditional approaches of countering infections and determines the urgent need for a search of fundamentally new anti-infective drugs. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the innate immune system are promising candidates for a role of such novel antibiotics. However, some cytotoxicity of AMPs toward host cells limits their active implementation in medicine and forces attempts to design numerous structural analogs of the peptides with optimized properties. An alternative route for the successful AMPs introduction may be their usage in combination with conventional antibiotics. Synergistic antibacterial effects have been reported for a number of such combinations, however, the molecular mechanisms of the synergy remain poorly understood and little is known whether AMPs cytotoxicy for the host cells increases upon their application with antibiotics. Our study is directed to examination of a combined action of natural AMPs with different structure and mode of action (porcine protegrin 1, caprine bactenecin ChBac3.4, human alpha- and beta-defensins (HNP-1, HNP-4, hBD-2, hBD-3), human cathelicidin LL-37), and egg white lysozyme with varied antibiotic agents (gentamicin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, rifampicin, polymyxin B, silver nanoparticles) toward selected bacteria, including drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains, as well as toward some mammalian cells (human erythrocytes, PBMC, neutrophils, murine peritoneal macrophages and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells). Using “checkerboard titrations” for fractional inhibitory concentration indexes evaluation, it was found that synergy in antibacterial action mainly occurs between highly membrane-active AMPs (e.g., protegrin 1, hBD-3) and antibiotics with intracellular targets (e.g., gentamicin, rifampcin), suggesting bioavailability increase as the main model of such interaction. In some combinations modulation of dynamics of AMP-bacterial membrane interaction in presence of the antibiotic was also shown. Cytotoxic effects of the same combinations toward normal eukaryotic cells were rarely synergistic. The obtained data approve that combined application of antimicrobial peptides with antibiotics or other antimicrobials is a promising strategy for further development of new approach for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria by usage of AMP-based therapeutics. Revealing the conventional antibiotics that increase the activity of human endogenous AMPs against particular pathogens is also important for cure strategies elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Zharkova
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides, Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy S Orlov
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides, Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Golubeva
- Laboratory of Nanostructures Research, Institute of Silicate Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg B Chakchir
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Science, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor E Eliseev
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Science, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana M Grinchuk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V Shamova
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides, Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Rajasekaran G, Shin SY. Fowlicidin-3 Analog with Improved Cell Selectivity Synthesized by Shifting a PXXP Motif from the N-Terminus to a Central Position. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine; School of Medicine, Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine; School of Medicine, Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
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10
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The synergistic antimicrobial effects of novel bombinin and bombinin H peptides from the skin secretion of Bombina orientalis. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170967. [PMID: 28894024 PMCID: PMC5634238 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bombinin and bombinin H are two antimicrobial peptide (AMP) families initially discovered from the skin secretion of Bombina that share the same biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNAs, but have different structures and physicochemical properties. Insight into their possible existing relationship lead us to perform the combination investigations into their anti-infectious activities. In this work, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of two novel AMPs belonging to bombinin and bombinin H families from secretions of Bombina orientalis Their mature peptides (BHL-bombinin and bombinin HL), coded by single ORF, were chemically synthesized along with an analogue peptide that replaced L-leucine with D-leucine from the second position of the N-terminus (bombinin HD). CD analysis revealed that all of them displayed well-defined α-helical structures in membrane mimicking environments. Furthermore, BHL-bombinin displayed broad-spectrum bactericidal activities on a wide range of microorganisms, while bombinin H only exhibited a mildly bacteriostatic effect on the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus The combination potency of BHL-bombinin with either bombinin HL or bombinin HD showed the synergistic inhibition activities against S. aureus (fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI): 0.375). A synergistic effect has also been observed between bombinin H and ampicillin, which was further systematically evaluated and confirmed by in vitro time-killing investigations. Haemolytic and cytotoxic examinations exhibited a highly synergistic selectivity and low cytotoxicity on mammalian cells of these three peptides. Taken together, the discovery of the potent synergistic effect of AMPs in a single biosynthetic precursor with superior functional selectivity provides a promising strategy to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens in clinical therapy.
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Kim EY, Rajasekaran G, Shin SY. LL-37-derived short antimicrobial peptide KR-12-a5 and its d -amino acid substituted analogs with cell selectivity, anti-biofilm activity, synergistic effect with conventional antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:428-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Cunningham-Oakes E, Soren O, Moussa C, Rathor G, Liu Y, Coates A, Hu Y. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid enhances the activities of aminoglycosides against methicillin- sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1195. [PMID: 26579101 PMCID: PMC4621280 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are prevalent. MRSA infections are difficult to treat and there are no new classes of antibiotics produced to the market to treat infections caused by the resistant bacteria. Therefore, using antibiotic enhancers to rescue existing classes of antibiotics is an attractive strategy. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is an antioxidant compound found in extracts from plant Larrea Tridentata. It exhibits antimicrobial activity and may target bacterial cell membrane. Combination efficacies of NDGA with many classes of antibiotics were examined by chequerboard method against 200 clinical isolates of MRSA and MSSA. NDGA in combination with gentamicin, neomycin, and tobramycin was examined by time-kill assays. The synergistic combinations of NDGA and aminoglycosides were tested in vivo using a murine skin infection model. Calculations of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed that NDGA when combined with gentamicin, neomycin, or tobramycin displayed synergistic activities in more than 97% of MSSA and MRSA, respectively. Time kill analysis demonstrated that NDGA significantly augmented the activities of these aminoglycosides against MRSA and MSSA in vitro and in murine skin infection model. The enhanced activity of NDGA resides on its ability to damage bacterial cell membrane leading to accumulation of the antibiotics inside bacterial cells. We demonstrated that NDGA strongly revived the therapeutic potencies of aminoglycosides in vitro and in vivo. This combinational strategy could contribute major clinical implications to treat antibiotic resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odel Soren
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London London, UK ; Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton, UK
| | - Caroline Moussa
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London London, UK
| | - Getika Rathor
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London London, UK
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London London, UK
| | - Anthony Coates
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London London, UK
| | - Yanmin Hu
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London London, UK
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Juba ML, Russo PS, Devine M, Barksdale S, Rodriguez C, Vliet KA, Schnur JM, van Hoek ML, Bishop BM. Large Scale Discovery and De Novo-Assisted Sequencing of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides (CAMPs) by Microparticle Capture and Electron-Transfer Dissociation (ETD) Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4282-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kent A. Vliet
- Department
of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Antimicrobial Peptide Novicidin Synergizes with Rifampin, Ceftriaxone, and Ceftazidime against Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae In Vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6233-40. [PMID: 26248380 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01245-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria is a serious clinical threat, and infections with these organisms are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Traditional novel drug development inevitably leads to the emergence of new resistant strains, rendering the new drugs ineffective. Therefore, reviving the therapeutic potentials of existing antibiotics represents an attractive novel strategy. Novicidin, a novel cationic antimicrobial peptide, is effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we investigated novicidin as a possible antibiotic enhancer. The actions of novicidin in combination with rifampin, ceftriaxone, or ceftazidime were investigated against 94 antibiotic-resistant clinical Gram-negative isolates and 7 strains expressing New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1. Using the checkerboard method, novicidin combined with rifampin showed synergy with >70% of the strains, reducing the MICs significantly. The combination of novicidin with ceftriaxone or ceftazidime was synergistic against 89.7% of the ceftriaxone-resistant strains and 94.1% of the ceftazidime-resistant strains. Synergistic interactions were confirmed using time-kill studies with multiple strains. Furthermore, novicidin increased the postantibiotic effect when combined with rifampin or ceftriaxone. Membrane depolarization assays revealed that novicidin alters the cytoplasmic membrane potential of Gram-negative bacteria. In vitro toxicology tests showed novicidin to have low hemolytic activity and no detrimental effect on cell cultures. We demonstrated that novicidin strongly rejuvenates the therapeutic potencies of ceftriaxone or ceftazidime against resistant Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. In addition, novicidin boosted the activity of rifampin. This strategy can have major clinical implications in our fight against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
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15
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Hu Y, Liu A, Vaudrey J, Vaiciunaite B, Moigboi C, McTavish SM, Kearns A, Coates A. Combinations of β-lactam or aminoglycoside antibiotics with plectasin are synergistic against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117664. [PMID: 25692771 PMCID: PMC4333121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections remain the leading killer worldwide which is worsened by the continuous emergence of antibiotic resistance. In particular, methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are prevalent and the latter can be difficult to treat. The traditional strategy of novel therapeutic drug development inevitably leads to emergence of resistant strains, rendering the new drugs ineffective. Therefore, rejuvenating the therapeutic potentials of existing antibiotics offers an attractive novel strategy. Plectasin, a defensin antimicrobial peptide, potentiates the activities of other antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides and glycopeptides against MSSA and MRSA. We performed in vitro and in vivo investigations to test against genetically diverse clinical isolates of MSSA (n = 101) and MRSA (n = 115). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by the broth microdilution method. The effects of combining plectasin with β-lactams, aminoglycosides and glycopeptides were examined using the chequerboard method and time kill curves. A murine neutropenic thigh model and a murine peritoneal infection model were used to test the effect of combination in vivo. Determined by factional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), plectasin in combination with aminoglycosides (gentamicin, neomycin or amikacin) displayed synergistic effects in 76-78% of MSSA and MRSA. A similar synergistic response was observed when plectasin was combined with β-lactams (penicillin, amoxicillin or flucloxacillin) in 87-89% of MSSA and MRSA. Interestingly, no such interaction was observed when plectasin was paired with vancomycin. Time kill analysis also demonstrated significant synergistic activities when plectasin was combined with amoxicillin, gentamicin or neomycin. In the murine models, plectasin at doses as low as 8 mg/kg augmented the activities of amoxicillin and gentamicin in successful treatment of MSSA and MRSA infections. We demonstrated that plectasin strongly rejuvenates the therapeutic potencies of existing antibiotics in vitro and in vivo. This is a novel strategy that can have major clinical implications in our fight against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Hu
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Liu
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Vaudrey
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brigita Vaiciunaite
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christiana Moigboi
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharla M. McTavish
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Kearns
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Coates
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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He J, Starr CG, Wimley WC. A lack of synergy between membrane-permeabilizing cationic antimicrobial peptides and conventional antibiotics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:8-15. [PMID: 25268681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid rise in morbidity and mortality from drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria has generated elevated interest in combination therapy using antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a candidate drug class to advance the development of combination therapies. Although the literature is ambiguous, the generic membrane disrupting activity of AMPs could enable them to synergize with conventional small molecule antibiotics by increasing access to the cell and by triggering membrane damage mediators. We used a novel assay to measure interactions, expressed as fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC), between four conventional antibiotics in combination with four well-characterized, membrane permeabilizing AMPs, against three species of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, giving 40 total pair-wise measurements of FIC with statistical uncertainties. We chose a set of AMPs that are known to dramatically disrupt the membranes of both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Yet none of the membrane permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides interacted synergistically with any of the conventional antibiotic drugs in any organism. Large-scale membrane disruption and permeabilization by AMPs is not sufficient to drive them to act synergistically with chemical antibiotics in either Gram negative or Gram positive microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Charles G Starr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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17
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Cassone M, Otvos Jr L. Synergy among antibacterial peptides and between peptides and small-molecule antibiotics. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 8:703-16. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Naumenkova TV, Antonov MY, Nikolaev IN, Shaitan KV. Effect of Pro11Ala substitution on the structural and functional properties of antimicrobial peptide buforin 2. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912060127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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19
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Devocelle M. Targeted antimicrobial peptides. Front Immunol 2012; 3:309. [PMID: 23060887 PMCID: PMC3464401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Devocelle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Lin CH, Hou RF, Shyu CL, Shia WY, Lin CF, Tu WC. In vitro activity of mastoparan-AF alone and in combination with clinically used antibiotics against multiple-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from animals. Peptides 2012; 36:114-20. [PMID: 22561066 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro activity of mastoparan-AF, an amphipathic antimicrobial peptide isolated from the hornet venom of Vespa affinis, alone and in combination with various clinically used antibiotics, was investigated against 21 Escherichia coli isolates/strains. Most E. coli isolates tested were detected containing multiple-antimicrobial resistance genes. Antimicrobial activity of mastoparan-AF was measured by MIC, MBC, time-kill kinetic assay and chequerboard titration method. Mastoparan-AF exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against most multiple-antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates at the concentrations ranging from 4 to 16 μg/ml. Combination studies showed that mastoparan-AF acts synergistically with certain antibiotics, i.e., cephalothin or gentamicin, against some multiple-antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates. In conclusion, mastoparan-AF alone or in combination with other antibiotics could be promising as alternatives for combating multiple-antibiotic-resistant E. coli in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Toh EC, Dashper SG, Huq NL, Attard TJ, Cross KJ, Stanton DP, Reynolds EC. Inhibition of proteolytic activity of periodontal pathogens by casein-derived peptides. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Jeong KW, Shin SY, Kim JK, Kim YM. Analogues of Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptide, CAMA-P2, Designed with Improved Antimicrobial and Synergistic Activities. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.8.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Porphyromonas gingivalis cysteine proteinase inhibition by kappa-casein peptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 55:1155-61. [PMID: 21173178 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00466-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth. The Arg-specific (RgpA/B) and Lys-specific (Kgp) cysteine proteinases of P. gingivalis are major virulence factors for the bacterium. In this study κ-casein(109-137) was identified in a chymosin digest of casein as an inhibiting peptide of the P. gingivalis proteinases. The peptide was synthesized and shown to inhibit proteolytic activity associated with P. gingivalis whole cells, purified RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complexes, and purified RgpB proteinase. The peptide κ-casein(109-137) exhibited synergism with Zn(II) against both Arg- and Lys-specific proteinases. The active region for inhibition was identified as κ-casein(117-137) using synthetic peptides. Kinetic studies revealed that κ-casein(109-137) inhibits in an uncompetitive manner. A molecular model based on the uncompetitive action and its synergistic ability with Zn(II) was developed to explain the mechanism of inhibition. Preincubation of P. gingivalis with κ-casein(109-137) significantly reduced lesion development in a murine model of infection.
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24
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Thwaite JE, Humphrey S, Fox MA, Savage VL, Laws TR, Ulaeto DO, Titball RW, Atkins HS. The cationic peptide magainin II is antimicrobial for Burkholderia cepacia-complex strains. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:923-929. [PMID: 19502364 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.008128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the antibacterial activity of eight cationic antimicrobial peptides towards strains of genomovars I-V of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) in time-kill assays. All but one of the peptides failed to show activity against the panel of test strains. The exception was magainin II, a 23 aa peptide isolated from the epidermis of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, which exhibited significant bactericidal activity for Bcc genomovars most frequently associated with lung infection of patients with cystic fibrosis. In vitro studies indicated that magainin II protected a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) from killing by Bcc and suggest that this peptide may have therapeutic potential against these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Thwaite
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Suzanne Humphrey
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Marc A Fox
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Victoria L Savage
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Thomas R Laws
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - David O Ulaeto
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Richard W Titball
- School of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Helen S Atkins
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
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25
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Cho JH, Sung BH, Kim SC. Buforins: histone H2A-derived antimicrobial peptides from toad stomach. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1788:1564-9. [PMID: 19041293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute an important component of the innate immune system in a variety of organisms. Buforin I is a 39-amino acid AMP that was first isolated from the stomach tissue of the Asian toad Bufo bufo gargarizans. Buforin II is a 21-amino acid peptide that is derived from buforin I and displays an even more potent antimicrobial activity than its parent AMP. Both peptides share complete sequence identity with the N-terminal region of histone H2A that interacts directly with nucleic acids. Buforin I is generated from histone H2A by pepsin-directed proteolysis in the cytoplasm of gastric gland cells. After secretion into the gastric lumen, buforin I remains adhered to the mucous biofilm that lines the stomach, thus providing a protective antimicrobial coat. Buforins, which house a helix-hinge-helix domain, kill a microorganism by entering the cell without membrane permeabilization and thus binding to nucleic acids. The proline hinge is crucial for the cell penetrating activity of buforins. Buforins also are known to possess anti-endotoxin and anticancer activities, thus making these peptides attractive reagents for pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the role of buforins in innate host defense; future research paradigms; and use of these agents as human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Cho
- Department of Biology, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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26
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Mentzelopoulos SD, Pratikaki M, Platsouka E, Kraniotaki H, Zervakis D, Koutsoukou A, Nanas S, Paniara O, Roussos C, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Routsi C, Zakynthinos SG. Prolonged use of carbapenems and colistin predisposes to ventilator-associated pneumonia by pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:1524-32. [PMID: 17549457 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-007-0683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present our experience with five cases of pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and analysis of risk factors. DESIGN AND SETTING Case-control study in a 15-bed intensive care unit (ICU). PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS The study included 5 cases and 20 controls. Each case patient was matched to four contemporary controls according to gender, prior hospital admissions, hospitalization duration, ICU admission cause, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Sequential Organ Function Assessment (SOFA) scores on ICU admission, and length of ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation duration until first VAP episode by a multidrug-resistant bacterium. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Recorded variables included age, gender, daily APACHE II and SOFA scores, patient medication, treatment interventions, positive cultures and corresponding antibiograms, occurrence of infection, sepsis, and septic shock, other ICU-associated morbidity, length of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation, and patient outcome. Healthcare worker and environmental cultures, and a hand-disinfection survey were performed. Pandrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates belonged to the same genotype and were bla (VIM-1)-like gene positive. The outbreak resolved following reinforcement of infection-control measures (September 27). The sole independent predictor for pandrug-resistant P. aeruginosa VAP was combined use of carbapenem for more than 20 days and colistin use for and more than 13 days (odds ratio 76.0; 95% confidence interval 3.7-1487.6). An additional risk factor was more than 78 open suctioning procedures during 6-26 September (odds ratio 16.0; 95% confidence interval 1.4-185.4). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged carbapenem-colistin use predisposes to VAP by pandrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Cross-transmission may be facilitated by open suctioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros D Mentzelopoulos
- University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Critical Care, 45-47 Ipsilandou Street, GR-10675 Athens, Greece.
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27
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Abstract
Cationic host defence (antimicrobial) peptides are an important component of the innate immune systems of a wide variety of plants, animals, and bacteria. Although most of these compounds have direct antimicrobial activities under specific conditions, a greater appreciation for the diversity of functions of these molecules is beginning to develop in the field. In addition to their directly antimicrobial activities, they also have a broad spectrum of activity on the host immune system, with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects being invoked. Increasingly sophisticated approaches to understand the role of host defence peptides in modulating innate immunity are already serving to guide the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B McPhee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lower Mall Research Station, University of British Columbia, Canada
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28
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29
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Ribera A, Doménech-Sanchez A, Ruiz J, Benedi VJ, Jimenez de Anta MT, Vila J. Mutations in gyrA and parC QRDRs are not relevant for quinolone resistance in epidemiological unrelated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates. Microb Drug Resist 2003; 8:245-51. [PMID: 12523620 DOI: 10.1089/10766290260469499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are often highly resistant to multiple antibiotics and this resistance is steadily rising. Quinolones are included in the group of antimicrobial agents to which this microorganism is developing resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological relationship among 22 clinical isolates of S. maltophilia as well as the molecular mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of quinolone-resistance in these strains. The results of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed an heterogenicity of 82% among the strains used in the study. On the other hand, no amino acid changes were found in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of either gyrA and parC genes among quinolone-susceptible and -resistant S. maltophilia strains. Besides, the amino acid of the GyrA found in the position equivalent to Ser-83 of E. coli was Gln instead of a Ser or Thr, the amino acids usually encountered in this position among Gram-negative bacteria. The results suggest that there is not a relationship between the presence of this Gln and the resistance to quinolones in S. maltophilia. We can conclude that, contrary to what has been described in other microorganisms, in these S. maltophilia isolates, the development of resistance to quinolones was not related to mutations in the QRDR of gyrA and parC genes. Thus, to our knowledge, this is the first report describing this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ribera
- Institut Clinic d'Infeccions i Immunologia, Hospital ClInic, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona. Spain
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30
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Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Karnesis L, Giamarellou H. Synergy of colistin with rifampin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 44:259-63. [PMID: 12493173 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(02)00443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is characterized by intrinsic resistance to a variety of antimicrobials. Therapeutic options are often limited particularly after the emergence of isolates resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The application of colistin for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens is limited due to its toxicity. In order to evaluate the activity of the interaction of colistin with rifampin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on S. maltophilia, 24 different isolates resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were in vitro exposed over-time to the combination of 1x and 4 x MIC of colistin with 2 microg/ml of rifampin or 2/38 microg/ml of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The applied concentrations for rifampin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole reflect their mean serum levels. Synergy of colistin and rifampin was documented after the first two hours of bacterial growth for approximately 60% of isolates and it occurred with both applied concentrations of colistin. The interaction of colistin and rifampin prevented regrowth observed when single colistin was applied. Synergy of colistin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was mainly found when colistin was applied at a concentration of 4 x MIC involving 41.7% of isolates after 24 h of growth. In the presence of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole bacterial regrowth, observed when single colistin was applied, was prevented. It is concluded that growth of multidrug-resistant S. maltophilia is significantly inhibited by the interaction of colistin and rifampin and to a lesser extent of colistin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. These results merit further study in both the animal model and the clinical setting.
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31
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Shin SY, Yang ST, Park EJ, Eom SH, Song WK, Kim Y, Hahm KS, Kim JI. Salt resistance and synergistic effect with vancomycin of alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide P18. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 290:558-62. [PMID: 11779208 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
P18 (KWKLFKKIPKFLHLAKKF-NH(2)) is an alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide designed from a cecropin A-magainin 2 hybrid. In this study, P18 was found to show strong antimicrobial activity against several antibiotic-resistant bacterial and fungal strains. Both the salt resistance on antimicrobial activity and the synergistic effect with clinically used antibiotic agents are critical factors in developing effective peptide antibiotic drugs. For this reason, we investigated the salt resistance of P18 to antagonism by NaCl, CaCl(2), and MgCl(2) on antimicrobial activity and the synergistic effect of P18 with vancomycin against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF). Compared to magainin 2, P18 showed strong resistance on antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains and C. albicans under high NaCl concentrations of 100-200 mM. In addition, P18 displayed much greater salt resistance on antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria at the physiological or elevated concentrations of CaCl(2) and MgCl(2) than magainin 2. Furthermore, the combination study revealed that P18 has a relatively effective synergistic effect with vancomycin against VREF. Thus, these results support that P18 may prove to be a salt-resistant antibiotic peptide potentially useful in the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients as well as a valuable adjuvant for antimicrobial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yub Shin
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Kwangju 500-712, Korea
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32
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Abstract
Because of the permeability barrier provided by the outer membrane (OM), gram-negative bacteria are inherently resistant to many hydrophobic antibiotics. This resistance limits the arsenal of antibiotics that are effective in treating gram-negative bacterial infections. Compounding this problem, strains of gram-negative bacteria have emerged that display specific resistance mechanisms for effective antibiotics. As a means of expanding the arsenal of effective antibiotics for gram-negative bacteria, compounds that permeabilize the OM to hydrophobic substances have been developed. These compounds are typically cationic, amphiphilic molecules that can be prepared from peptides or steroids. Effective OM permeabilizers sensitize gram-negative bacteria to hydrophobic antibiotics, including erythromycin, fusidic acid, novobiocin and rifampin. These antibiotics are generally not useful in treating gram-negative bacterial infections because they traverse the OM ineffectively. The use of OM permeabilizers, in combination with hydrophobic antibiotics, may provide additional means of controlling growth of gram-negative bacteria. This review describes classes of permeabilizers, including those derived from peptides, and recently reported examples based on steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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