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Soto KD, Alcalde-Rico M, Ugalde JA, Olivares-Pacheco J, Quiroz V, Brito B, Rivas LM, Munita JM, García PC, Wozniak A. Ceftazidime/avibactam resistance is associated with PER-3-producing ST309 lineage in Chilean clinical isolates of non-carbapenemase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1410834. [PMID: 38903939 PMCID: PMC11188487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1410834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) is indicated against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly those that are carbapenem resistant. CZA resistance in P. aeruginosa producing PER, a class A extended-spectrum β-lactamase, has been well documented in vitro. However, data regarding clinical isolates are scarce. Our aim was to analyze the contribution of PER to CZA resistance in non-carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa clinical isolates that were ceftazidime and/or carbapenem non-susceptible. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined through agar dilution and broth microdilution, while bla PER gene was screened through PCR. All PER-positive isolates and five PER-negative isolates were analyzed through Whole Genome Sequencing. The mutational resistome associated to CZA resistance was determined through sequence analysis of genes coding for PBPs 1b, 3 and 4, MexAB-OprM regulators MexZ, MexR, NalC and NalD, AmpC regulators AmpD and AmpR, and OprD porin. Loss of bla PER-3 gene was induced in a PER-positive isolate by successive passages at 43°C without antibiotics. Results Twenty-six of 287 isolates studied (9.1%) were CZA-resistant. Thirteen of 26 CZA-resistant isolates (50%) carried bla PER. One isolate carried bla PER but was CZA-susceptible. PER-producing isolates had significantly higher MICs for CZA, amikacin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, meropenem and ciprofloxacin than non-PER-producing isolates. All PER-producing isolates were ST309 and their bla PER-3 gene was associated to ISCR1, an insertion sequence known to mobilize adjacent DNA. PER-negative isolates were classified as ST41, ST235 (two isolates), ST395 and ST253. PER-negative isolates carried genes for narrow-spectrum β-lactamases and the mutational resistome showed that all isolates had one major alteration in at least one of the genes analyzed. Loss of bla PER-3 gene restored susceptibility to CZA, ceftolozane/tazobactam and other β-lactamsin the in vitro evolved isolate. Discussion PER-3-producing ST309 P. aeruginosa is a successful multidrug-resistant clone with blaPER-3 gene implicated in resistance to CZA and other β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D. Soto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories; Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Alcalde-Rico
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo. Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Grupo de Resistencia Antimicrobiana en Bacterias Patógenas y Ambientales (GRABPA), Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Ugalde
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo. Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Olivares-Pacheco
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo. Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Grupo de Resistencia Antimicrobiana en Bacterias Patógenas y Ambientales (GRABPA), Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Valeria Quiroz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories; Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group (GeRM), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Brito
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lina M. Rivas
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo. Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group (GeRM), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M. Munita
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo. Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group (GeRM), Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia C. García
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories; Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo. Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Clinical Laboratories Network, Red de Salud UC-CHRISTUS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aniela Wozniak
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories; Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo. Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Clinical Laboratories Network, Red de Salud UC-CHRISTUS, Santiago, Chile
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Ayala Nuñez T, Cerbino GN, Rapisardi MF, Quiroga C, Centrón D. Novel Mobile Integrons and Strain-Specific Integrase Genes within Shewanella spp. Unveil Multiple Lateral Genetic Transfer Events within The Genus. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061102. [PMID: 35744620 PMCID: PMC9229058 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that thrive in aquatic niches and also can cause infectious diseases as opportunistic pathogens. Chromosomal (CI) and mobile integrons (MI) were previously described in some Shewanella isolates. Here, we evaluated the occurrence of integrase genes, the integron systems and their genetic surroundings in the genus. We identified 22 integrase gene types, 17 of which were newly described, showing traits of multiple events of lateral genetic transfer (LGT). Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of them were strain-specific, except for Shewanella algae, where SonIntIA-like may have co-evolved within the host as typical CIs. It is noteworthy that co-existence of up to five different integrase genes within a strain, as well as their wide dissemination to Alteromonadales, Vibrionales, Chromatiales, Oceanospirillales and Enterobacterales was observed. In addition, identification of two novel MIs suggests that continuous LGT events may have occurred resembling the behavior of class 1 integrons. The constant emergence of determinants associated to antimicrobial resistance worldwide, concomitantly with novel MIs in strains capable to harbor several types of integrons, may be an alarming threat for the recruitment of novel antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes in the genus Shewanella, with its consequent contribution towards multidrug resistance in clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teolincacihuatl Ayala Nuñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1121, Argentina; (T.A.N.); (G.N.C.); (M.F.R.)
| | - Gabriela N. Cerbino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1121, Argentina; (T.A.N.); (G.N.C.); (M.F.R.)
| | - María Florencia Rapisardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1121, Argentina; (T.A.N.); (G.N.C.); (M.F.R.)
| | - Cecilia Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1121, Argentina; (T.A.N.); (G.N.C.); (M.F.R.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología del ARN Bacteriano IMPaM (UBA/CONICET), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1121, Argentina
- Correspondence: or (C.Q.); (D.C.); Tel.: +54-11-5285-3500 (C.Q.); +54-911-50987496 (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Centrón
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1121, Argentina; (T.A.N.); (G.N.C.); (M.F.R.)
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Mecanismos de Resistencia a Antibióticos IMPaM (UBA/CONICET), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1121, Argentina
- Correspondence: or (C.Q.); (D.C.); Tel.: +54-11-5285-3500 (C.Q.); +54-911-50987496 (D.C.)
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Fonseca ÉL, Vicente AC. Integron Functionality and Genome Innovation: An Update on the Subtle and Smart Strategy of Integrase and Gene Cassette Expression Regulation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020224. [PMID: 35208680 PMCID: PMC8876359 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrons are considered hot spots for bacterial evolution, since these platforms allow one-step genomic innovation by capturing and expressing genes that provide advantageous novelties, such as antibiotic resistance. The acquisition and shuffling of gene cassettes featured by integrons enable the population to rapidly respond to changing selective pressures. However, in order to avoid deleterious effects and fitness burden, the integron activity must be tightly controlled, which happens in an elegant and elaborate fashion, as discussed in detail in the present review. Here, we aimed to provide an up-to-date overview of the complex regulatory networks that permeate the expression and functionality of integrons at both transcriptional and translational levels. It was possible to compile strong shreds of evidence clearly proving that these versatile platforms include functions other than acquiring and expressing gene cassettes. The well-balanced mechanism of integron expression is intricately related with environmental signals, host cell physiology, fitness, and survival, ultimately leading to adaptation on the demand.
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Abed JY, Déraspe M, Bérubé È, D’Iorio M, Dewar K, Boissinot M, Corbeil J, Bergeron MG, Roy PH. Complete Genome Sequences of Klebsiella michiganensis and Citrobacter farmeri, KPC-2-Producers Serially Isolated from a Single Patient. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111408. [PMID: 34827346 PMCID: PMC8614947 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, including KPC-2 producers, have become a major clinical problem. During an outbreak in Quebec City, Canada, KPC-2-producing Klebsiella michiganensis and Citrobacter farmeri were isolated from a patient six weeks apart. We determined their complete genome sequences. Both isolates carried nearly identical IncN2 plasmids with blaKPC-2 on a Tn4401b element. Both strains also carried IncP1 plasmids, but that of C. farmeri did not carry a Beta-lactamase gene, whereas that of K. michiganensis carried a second copy of blaKPC-2 on Tn4401b. These results suggest recent plasmid transfer between the two species and a recent transposition event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehane Y. Abed
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boul. Laurier, Suite R-0709, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.Y.A.); (M.D.); (È.B.); (M.B.); (J.C.); (M.G.B.)
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Pavillon Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maxime Déraspe
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boul. Laurier, Suite R-0709, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.Y.A.); (M.D.); (È.B.); (M.B.); (J.C.); (M.G.B.)
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Pavillon Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ève Bérubé
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boul. Laurier, Suite R-0709, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.Y.A.); (M.D.); (È.B.); (M.B.); (J.C.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Matthew D’Iorio
- McGill Genome Centre, 740 Avenue Docteur-Penfield, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada;
| | - Ken Dewar
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 rue University, Rm 2/38F, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada;
- McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, 3605 de la Montagne, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Maurice Boissinot
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boul. Laurier, Suite R-0709, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.Y.A.); (M.D.); (È.B.); (M.B.); (J.C.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Jacques Corbeil
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boul. Laurier, Suite R-0709, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.Y.A.); (M.D.); (È.B.); (M.B.); (J.C.); (M.G.B.)
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Pavillon Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michel G. Bergeron
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boul. Laurier, Suite R-0709, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.Y.A.); (M.D.); (È.B.); (M.B.); (J.C.); (M.G.B.)
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Pavillon Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Paul H. Roy
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boul. Laurier, Suite R-0709, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (J.Y.A.); (M.D.); (È.B.); (M.B.); (J.C.); (M.G.B.)
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Pavillon Vachon, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-843-7134
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Detection of IS903, IS26 and ISEcp1 Elements in CTX-M-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli Isolates From Patients with Leukemia in Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.58929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lallement C, Pasternak C, Ploy MC, Jové T. The Role of IS CR1-Borne P OUT Promoters in the Expression of Antibiotic Resistance Genes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2579. [PMID: 30425694 PMCID: PMC6218425 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ISCR1 (Insertion sequence Common Region) element is the most widespread member of the ISCR family, and is frequently present within γ-proteobacteria that occur in clinical settings. ISCR1 is always associated with the 3'Conserved Segment (3'CS) of class 1 integrons. ISCR1 contains outward-oriented promoters POUT, that may contribute to the expression of downstream genes. In ISCR1, there are two POUT promoters named PCR1-1 and PCR1-2. We performed an in silico analysis of all publically available ISCR1 sequences and identified numerous downstream genes that mainly encode antibiotic resistance genes and that are oriented in the same direction as the POUT promoters. Here, we showed that both PCR1-1 and PCR1-2 significantly increase the expression of the downstream genes bla CTX-M-9 and dfrA19. Our data highlight the role of ISCR1 in the expression of antibiotic resistance genes, which may explain why ISCR1 is so frequent in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lallement
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Cécile Pasternak
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Ploy
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Thomas Jové
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
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Prevalence of Integrons and Insertion Sequences in ESBL-Producing E. coli Isolated from Different Sources in Navarra, Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102308. [PMID: 30347800 PMCID: PMC6209886 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria among human and environmental sources. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and patterns of integrons and insertion sequences of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from different sources in Navarra, northern Spain. A total of 150 isolates coming from food products, farms and feeds, aquatic environments, and humans (healthy people and hospital inpatients), were analyzed. PCRs were applied for the study of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons (intI1, intI2, and intI3), as well as for the determination of insertion sequences (IS26, ISEcp1, ISCR1, and IS903). Results show the wide presence and dissemination of intI1 (92%), while intI3 was not detected. It is remarkable, the prevalence of intI2 among food isolates, as well as the co-existence of class 1 and class 2 (8% of isolates). The majority of isolates have two or three IS elements, with the most common being IS26 (99.4%). The genetic pattern IS26⁻ISEcp1 (related with the pathogen clone ST131) was present in the 22% of isolates (including human isolates). In addition, the combination ISEcp1⁻IS26⁻IS903⁻ISCR1 was detected in 11 isolates being, to our knowledge, the first study that describes this genetic complex. Due to the wide variability observed, no relationship was determined among these mobile genetic elements and β-lactam resistance. More investigations regarding the genetic composition of these elements are needed to understand the role of multiple types of integrons and insertion sequences on the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes among different environments.
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ESBL-producing Escherichia coli
and Its Rapid Rise among Healthy People. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2017; 5:122-150. [PMID: 32231938 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2017011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since around the 2000s, Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistant to both oxyimino-cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones has remarkably increased worldwide in clinical settings. The kind of E. coli is also identified in patients suffering from community-onset infectious diseases such as urinary tract infections. Moreover, recoveries of multi-drug resistant E. coli from the feces of healthy people have been increasingly documented in recent years, although the actual state remains uncertain. These E. coli isolates usually produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), as well as acquisition of amino acid substitutions in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA and/or ParC, together with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants such as Qnr, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and QepA. The actual state of ESBL-producing E. coli in hospitalized patients has been carefully investigated in many countries, while that in healthy people still remains uncertain, although high fecal carriage rates of ESBL producers in healthy people have been reported especially in Asian and South American countries. The issues regarding the ESBL producers have become very complicated and chaotic due to rapid increase of both ESBL variants and plasmids mediating ESBL genes, together with the emergence of various "epidemic strains" or "international clones" of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring transferable-plasmids carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. Thus, the current state of ESBL producers outside hospital settings was overviewed together with the relation among those recovered from livestock, foods, pets, environments and wildlife from the viewpoint of molecular epidemiology. This mini review may contribute to better understanding about ESBL producers among people who are not familiar with the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatening rising globally.
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Martini MC, Quiroga MP, Pistorio M, Lagares A, Centrón D, Del Papa MF. Novel environmental class 1 integrons and cassette arrays recovered from an on-farm bio-purification plant. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 94:4781311. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Carla Martini
- IBBM (Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular), CCT-CONICET-La Plata, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 115 entre 49 y 50, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Paula Quiroga
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, 1121, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Pistorio
- IBBM (Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular), CCT-CONICET-La Plata, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 115 entre 49 y 50, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Antonio Lagares
- IBBM (Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular), CCT-CONICET-La Plata, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 115 entre 49 y 50, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela Centrón
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155, 1121, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Del Papa
- IBBM (Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular), CCT-CONICET-La Plata, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 115 entre 49 y 50, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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Characterization of a Novel IncHI2 Plasmid Carrying Tandem Copies of blaCTX-M-2 in a fosA6-Harboring Escherichia coli Sequence Type 410 Strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6742-6747. [PMID: 27572405 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01173-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-2 is mainly associated with ISCR1 embedded in complex sul1-type integrons, but information on the genetic context of plasmids harboring the ISCR1-blaCTX-M-2 module remains limited. In this study, a blaCTX-M-2-harboring plasmid (pYD786-1) belonging to the sequence type 2 (ST2)-IncHI2 plasmid type and isolated from an Escherichia coli ST410 clinical strain was sequenced and analyzed. pYD786-1 belongs to the APEC-O1-R-type IncHI2 plasmids, which are widely distributed in human, poultry, and livestock strains. It contains a multidrug resistance mosaic region (MRR) consisting of a Tn21::In2 transposon backbone augmented by acquisition of duplicate ISCR1-blaCTX-M-2 modules. Tn2411, a Tn21::In2 precursor, likely played a role in the generation of the MRR in pN13-01290_23, the putative progenitor plasmid of pYD786-1, found in a foodborne Salmonella strain. Tn21/Tn2411::In::ISCR1-blaCTX-M-2 derivatives, including pYD786-1, have been identified in strains from Europe, South America, and the United States, suggesting potential global dissemination of the blaCTX-M-2 modules mediated by this vehicle.
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Han JW, Koh HB, Kim TJ. Molecular Characterization of β-Lactamase-ProducingEscherichia coliCollected from 2001 to 2011 from Pigs in Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:68-76. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong Bum Koh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Jayol A, Janvier F, Guillard T, Chau F, Mérens A, Robert J, Fantin B, Berçot B, Cambau E. qnrA6genetic environment and quinolone resistance conferred onProteus mirabilis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:903-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Liao XP, Xia J, Yang L, Li L, Sun J, Liu YH, Jiang HX. Characterization of CTX-M-14-producing Escherichia coli from food-producing animals. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1136. [PMID: 26528278 PMCID: PMC4606122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics has become a major concern for public health. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics and distribution of bla CTX-M-14, which encodes an extended-spectrum β-lactamase, in Escherichia coli isolated from Guangdong Province, China. A total of 979 E. coli isolates isolated from healthy or diseased food-producing animals including swine and avian were examined for bla CTX-M-14 and then the bla CTX-M-14 -positive isolates were detected by other resistance determinants [extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, rmtB, and floR] and analyzed by phylogenetic grouping analysis, PCR-based plasmid replicon typing, multilocus sequence typing, and plasmid analysis. The genetic environments of bla CTX-M-14 were also determined by PCR. The results showed that fourteen CTX-M-14-producing E. coli were identified, belonging to groups A (7/14), B1 (4/14), and D (3/14). The most predominant resistance gene was bla TEM (n = 8), followed by floR (n = 7), oqxA (n = 3), aac(6')-1b-cr (n = 2), and rmtB (n = 1). Plasmids carrying bla CTX-M-14 were classified to IncK, IncHI2, IncHI1, IncN, IncFIB, IncF or IncI1, ranged from about 30 to 200 kb, and with insertion sequence of ISEcp1, IS26, or ORF513 located upstream and IS903 downstream of bla CTX-M-14. The result of multilocus sequence typing showed that 14 isolates had 11 STs, and the 11 STs belonged to five groups. Many of the identified sequence types are reported to be common in E. coli isolates associated with extraintestinal infections in humans, suggesting possible transmission of bla CTX-M-14 between animals and humans. The difference in the flanking sequences of bla CTX-M-14 between the 2009 isolates and the early ones suggests that the resistance gene context continues to evolve in E. coli of food producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Liao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China ; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses Yangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
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Ramos PIP, Picão RC, Almeida LGPD, Lima NCB, Girardello R, Vivan ACP, Xavier DE, Barcellos FG, Pelisson M, Vespero EC, Médigue C, Vasconcelos ATRD, Gales AC, Nicolás MF. Comparative analysis of the complete genome of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp13 reveals remarkable genome plasticity and a wide repertoire of virulence and resistance mechanisms. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:54. [PMID: 24450656 PMCID: PMC3904158 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial and community-acquired infections. A wide repertoire of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes is present in K. pneumoniae genomes, which can constitute extra challenges in the treatment of infections caused by some strains. K. pneumoniae Kp13 is a multidrug-resistant strain responsible for causing a large nosocomial outbreak in a teaching hospital located in Southern Brazil. Kp13 produces K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC-2) but is unrelated to isolates belonging to ST 258 and ST 11, the main clusters associated with the worldwide dissemination of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae. In this report, we perform a genomic comparison between Kp13 and each of the following three K. pneumoniae genomes: MGH 78578, NTUH-K2044 and 342. Results We have completely determined the genome of K. pneumoniae Kp13, which comprises one chromosome (5.3 Mbp) and six plasmids (0.43 Mbp). Several virulence and resistance determinants were identified in strain Kp13. Specifically, we detected genes coding for six beta-lactamases (SHV-12, OXA-9, TEM-1, CTX-M-2, SHV-110 and KPC-2), eight adhesin-related gene clusters, including regions coding for types 1 (fim) and 3 (mrk) fimbrial adhesins. The rmtG plasmidial 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene was also detected, as well as efflux pumps belonging to five different families. Mutations upstream the OmpK35 porin-encoding gene were evidenced, possibly affecting its expression. SNPs analysis relative to the compared strains revealed 141 mutations falling within CDSs related to drug resistance which could also influence the Kp13 lifestyle. Finally, the genetic apparatus for synthesis of the yersiniabactin siderophore was identified within a plasticity region. Chromosomal architectural analysis allowed for the detection of 13 regions of difference in Kp13 relative to the compared strains. Conclusions Our results indicate that the plasticity occurring at many hierarchical levels (from whole genomic segments to individual nucleotide bases) may play a role on the lifestyle of K. pneumoniae Kp13 and underlie the importance of whole-genome sequencing to study bacterial pathogens. The general chromosomal structure was somewhat conserved among the compared bacteria, and recombination events with consequent gain/loss of genomic segments appears to be driving the evolution of these strains.
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Quiroga MP, Arduino SM, Merkier AK, Quiroga C, Petroni A, Roy PH, Centrón D. “Distribution and functional identification of complex class 1 integrons”. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Chen T, Feng Y, Yuan JL, Qi Y, Cao YX, Wu Y. Class 1 integrons contributes to antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Indian J Med Microbiol 2013; 31:385-9. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.118903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Ramírez MS, Vilacoba E, Stietz MS, Merkier AK, Jeric P, Limansky AS, Márquez C, Bello H, Catalano M, Centrón D. Spreading of AbaR-type genomic islands in multidrug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii strains belonging to different clonal complexes. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:9-14. [PMID: 23397241 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the occurrence of AbaR-type genomic island in multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAb) strains circulating in Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, we studied 51 MDRAb isolates recovered from several hospitals over 30 years. AbaR-type genomic resistance islands were found in 36 MDRAb isolates since 1986 till now. MLST technique allowed us to identify the presence of four different Clonal Complexes (109, 104, 119, 113) among the positive AbaR-type island positive strains. This is the first description of AbaR-type islands in the CC104 and CC113 that are the most widespread Clonal Complexes in Argentina. In addition, PCR mapping exposed different arrays to those previously described, evidencing the plasticity of this island. Our results evidence a widespread distribution of the AbaR-type genomic islands along the time in the MDRAb population, including the epidemic global clone 1 (GC1) as well as different clonal complexes to those already described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Mecanismos de Resistencia a Antibióticos, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica IMPaM, UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 Piso 12, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative organisms in livestock: an emerging problem for human health? Drug Resist Updat 2013; 16:22-45. [PMID: 23395305 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. are important human pathogens. Serious infections due to these organisms are usually treated with extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). However, in the past two decades we have faced a rapid increasing of infections and colonization caused by ESC-resistant (ESC-R) isolates due to production of extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpCs (pAmpCs) and/or carbapenemase enzymes. This situation limits drastically our therapeutic armamentarium and puts under peril the human health. Animals are considered as potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organisms. The massive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has contributed to the selection of ESC-R E. coli, ESC-R Salmonella spp. and, to less extent, MDR Acinetobacter spp. among animals, food, and environment. This complex scenario is responsible for the expansion of these MDR organisms which may have life-threatening clinical significance. Nowadays, the prevalence of food-producing animals carrying ESC-R E. coli and ESC-R Salmonella (especially those producing CTX-M-type ESBLs and the CMY-2 pAmpC) has reached worryingly high values. More recently, the appearance of carbapenem-resistant isolates (i.e., VIM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae and NDM-1 or OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter spp.) in livestock has even drawn greater concerns. In this review, we describe the aspects related to the spread of the above MDR organisms among pigs, cattle, and poultry, focusing on epidemiology, molecular mechanisms of resistance, impact of antibiotic use, and strategies to contain the overall problem. The link and the impact of ESC-R organisms of livestock origin for the human scenario are also discussed.
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Ilyina TS. Mobile ISCR elements: Structure, functions, and role in emergence, increase, and spread of blocks of bacterial multiple antibiotic resistance genes. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416812040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Ben Achour N, Power P, Mercuri PS, Ben Moussa M, Moreno G, Belhadj O. First detection of a transferable bla CTX-M-14b gene in a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate from Tunisia and analysis of its genetic context. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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21
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Changing epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Argentina: emergence of CTX-M-15. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:6003-5. [PMID: 22908156 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00745-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A multicenter survey, carried out in 2010 in Argentina, showed an increased prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria, with some changes in the molecular epidemiology of circulating ESBLs. While enzymes of the CTX-M-2 group remain endemic, the emergence of CTX-M-15 and of enzymes of the CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-9 groups was observed. The CTX-M-15-positive isolates represented 40% of CTX-M producers and included representatives of Escherichia coli ST131 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11.
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Nardelli M, Scalzo PM, Ramírez MS, Quiroga MP, Cassini MH, Centrón D. Class 1 integrons in environments with different degrees of urbanization. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39223. [PMID: 22761743 PMCID: PMC3382206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class 1 integrons are one of the most successful elements in the acquisition, expression and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) among clinical isolates. Little is known about the gene flow of the components of the genetic platforms of class 1 integrons within and between bacterial communities. Thus it is important to better understand the interactions among "environmental" intI1, its genetic platforms and its distribution with human activities. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An evaluation of two types of genetic determinants, ARG (sul1 and qacE1/qacEΔ1 genes) and lateral genetic elements (LGE) (intI1, ISCR1 and tniC genes) in a model of a culture-based method without antibiotic selection was conducted in a gradient of anthropogenic disturbances in a Patagonian island recognized as being one of the last regions containing wild areas. The intI1, ISCR1 genes and intI1 pseudogenes that were found widespread throughout natural communities were not associated with urbanization (p>0.05). Each ARG that is embedded in the most common genetic platform of clinical class 1 integrons, showed different ecological and molecular behaviours in environmental samples. While the sul1 gene frequency was associated with urbanization, the qacE1/qacEΔ1 gene showed an adaptive role to several habitats. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The high frequency of intI1 pseudogenes suggests that, although intI1 has a deleterious impact within several genomes, it can easily be disseminated among natural bacterial communities. The widespread occurrence of ISCR1 and intI1 throughout Patagonian sites with different degree of urbanization, and within different taxa, could be one of the causes of the increasing frequency of multidrug-resistant isolates that have characterized Argentina for decades. The flow of ARG and LGE between natural and clinical communities cannot be explained with a single general process but is a direct consequence of the interaction of multiple factors operating at molecular, ecological, phylogenetic and historical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Nardelli
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones de los Mecanismos de Resistencia a Antibióticos, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Marina Scalzo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones de los Mecanismos de Resistencia a Antibióticos, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones de los Mecanismos de Resistencia a Antibióticos, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Quiroga
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones de los Mecanismos de Resistencia a Antibióticos, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Hernán Cassini
- Grupo GEMA, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento, IBYME, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Centrón
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones de los Mecanismos de Resistencia a Antibióticos, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Zhao WH, Hu ZQ. Epidemiology and genetics of CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 39:79-101. [PMID: 22697133 PMCID: PMC4086240 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.691460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CTX-M enzymes, the plasmid-mediated cefotaximases, constitute a rapidly growing family of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) with significant clinical impact. CTX-Ms are found in at least 26 bacterial species, particularly in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. At least 109 members in CTX-M family are identified and can be divided into seven clusters based on their phylogeny. CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14 are the most dominant variants. Chromosome-encoded intrinsic cefotaximases in Kluyvera spp. are proposed to be the progenitors of CTX-Ms, while ISEcp1, ISCR1 and plasmid are closely associated with their mobilization and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Comparison of the genetic structures surrounding qnrA1 in Korean Enterobacter cloacae and Chinese Escherichia coli Strains isolated in the early 2000s: Evidence for qnrA mobilization via Inc HI2 type plasmid. J Microbiol 2012; 50:166-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-1350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Complex Class 1 Integron Containing bla CTX-M-1 Genes Isolated from Escherichia coli: A Potentially Novel Resistant Gene-Capturing Tool Kit. Curr Microbiol 2011; 64:265-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and/or AmpC β-lactamases in food and food-producing animals. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Dissemination of multiple drug resistance genes by class 1 integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from four countries: a comparative study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:3140-9. [PMID: 21518841 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01529-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative genetic analysis of 42 clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, resistant to two or more antibiotics belonging to the broad-spectrum β-lactam group, sourced from Sydney, Australia, and three South American countries is presented. The study focuses on the genetic contexts of class 1 integrons, mobilizable genetic elements best known for their role in the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative pathogens. It was found that the class 1 integrons in this cohort were located in a number of different genetic contexts with clear regional differences. In Sydney, IS26-associated Tn21-like transposons on IncL/M plasmids contribute greatly to the dispersal of integron-associated multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) loci. In contrast, in the South American countries, Tn1696-like transposons on an IncA/C plasmid(s) appeared to be disseminating a characteristic MDR region. A range of mobile genetic elements is clearly being recruited by clinically important mobile class 1 integrons, and these elements appear to be becoming more common with time. This in turn is driving the evolution of complex and laterally mobile MDR units and may further complicate antibiotic therapy.
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Naseer U, Sundsfjord A. The CTX-M Conundrum: Dissemination of Plasmids andEscherichia coliClones. Microb Drug Resist 2011; 17:83-97. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2010.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Umaer Naseer
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Arnfinn Sundsfjord
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Reference Centre for Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Chromosome-encoded AmpC and CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases in clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis from Korea. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:1414-9. [PMID: 21282448 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01835-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among 222 Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates collected from 17 hospitals in Korea in 2008, 28 (12.6%) and 8 (3.6%) isolates exhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC phenotypes, respectively. The most common type of ESBL gene identified by PCR and sequencing experiments was bla(CTX-M-14a) (n = 12). The bla(CTX-M-90) (n = 4), bla(CTX-M-15) (n = 3), bla(CTX-M-12) (n = 3), bla(CTX-M-2) (n = 2), bla(CTX-M-14b) (n = 1), bla(TEM-52) (n = 5), and bla(SHV-12) (n = 1) genes were also detected. Eight isolates carried an AmpC β-lactamase gene, such as bla(CMY-2) (n = 6) or bla(DHA-1) (n = 2). All bla genes encoding CTX-M-1- and CTX-M-9-type enzymes and all bla(CMY-2) genes were preceded by ISEcp1-like elements. The bla(CTX-M-2) gene found in two isolates was located on a complex class 1 integron. The bla(DHA-1) gene was preceded by a transcriptional regulator gene and was followed by phage shock protein genes. The bla(CTX-M) genes were located on the chromosome in 21 isolates. A plasmid location for the bla(CTX-M) gene was found in only four isolates: the bla(CTX-M-14a) gene was located on ∼150-kbp IncA/C plasmids in three isolates and on a ∼50-kbp IncN plasmid in one isolate. The bla(TEM-52) gene was located on ∼50-kbp IncN plasmids in all five isolates. The AmpC β-lactamase genes were located on the chromosome in seven of eight isolates; one isolate carried the bla(CMY-2) gene on a ∼150-kbp IncA/C plasmid. Our results show that a chromosomal location of CTX-M ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes in P. mirabilis is no longer an unusual phenomenon in hospital environments.
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A novel IS26 structure surrounds bla
CTX-M genes in different plasmids from German clinical Escherichia coli isolates. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:580-587. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.016188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This report focuses on the molecular characterization of 22 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates collected in a German university hospital during a period of 9 months in 2006. Relationship analysis of clinical isolates was done via PFGE, multilocus sequence typing, plasmid profiling and additionally PCR for bla
ESBL detection and determination of phylogroups. After conjugal transfer, plasmid isolation and subsequent PCR for bla
ESBL detection and determination of incompatibility groups were performed. Using one-primer walking, up to 3600 bp upstream and downstream of different bla
CTX-M genes could be sequenced. β-Lactamases found were TEM-1 (n=14), SHV-5 (n=1) and a wide variety of CTX-M types (n=21), i.e. CTX-M-15 (n=12), CTX-M-1 (n=4), CTX-M-14 (n=2), CTX-M-9 (n=1), CTX-M-3 (n=1) and one new type, CTX-M-65 (n=1). In 18 isolates, bla
ESBL genes were located on conjugative plasmids of sizes between 40 and 180 kbp belonging to incompatibility groups FII (n=9), N (n=5) and I1 (n=4). bla
CTX-M was found to be associated with the common elements ISEcp1, IS26 and IS903-D, but with unusual spacer sequences for ISEcp1 in two isolates. These insertion sequences, connected to bla
CTX-M as well as other genes, were located between two IS26 elements in a configuration that has not yet been described. The results reveal the emergence of bla
ESBL, predominantly bla
CTX-M, located on different plasmids harboured by genotypically different E. coli strains. The identical gene arrangement in the bla
CTX-M neighbourhood in plasmids of different incompatibility groups indicates a main role of IS26 in distribution of mobile resistance elements between different plasmids.
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Smet A, Martel A, Persoons D, Dewulf J, Heyndrickx M, Herman L, Haesebrouck F, Butaye P. Broad-spectrum β-lactamases amongEnterobacteriaceaeof animal origin: molecular aspects, mobility and impact on public health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2010; 34:295-316. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Citrobacter spp. simultaneously harboring blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaampC, and insertion sequences IS26 and orf513: an evolutionary phenomenon of recent concern for antibiotic resistance. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:1833-8. [PMID: 20220171 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01467-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of 40 confirmed isolates of Citrobacter spp., obtained from the culture of 5,732 clinical samples during 2006 to 2008, was studied for the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaampC by monoplex and multiplex PCRs. These isolates were also looked at for the presence of insertion elements IS26 and orf513, which play an important role in the resistance gene pool. blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaampC were noticed in 67.5%, 40%, 25%, and 40% of isolates, respectively. Sequencing for the specific CTX-M type revealed the presence of CTX-M-15-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). sul1-type integrons were detected in 32.5% (13/40) of isolates, and a single plasmid of ca. approximately 22 kb was also noticed in all the isolates harboring bla genes. A total of 48.2% (13/27) of isolates harboring blaCTX-M alleles were found to carry IS26 elements and 53.4% (7/13) of isolates harboring the sul1-type integrons were found to carry orf513. Alarmingly, a few isolates simultaneously carried IS26 and orf513, reflecting the occurrence of complex evolution. All the Citrobacter isolates were noticed to produce an amplicon of 400 bp in an IS26 PCR, similar to that of the predominant UK CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli clone (clone A) and suggesting a probable genetic relatedness between the two, which could not be proved with British and Indian E. coli isolates in our earlier studies. Here, a first report is being presented describing the occurrence of blaCTX-M-15 in Indian Citrobacter spp. This is also the first report describing the simultaneous occurrence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaampC along with blaCTX-M in class 1 integrons. The recent findings indicate that the genetic environment of blaCTX-M-15 has changed through the insertion of IS26 and orf513, although the consequences of these events remain uncertain. It perhaps also suggests a "turnover" of these mobile elements in the population over time.
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Naseer U, Haldorsen B, Simonsen GS, Sundsfjord A. Sporadic occurrence of CMY-2-producing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli of ST-complexes 38 and 448, and ST131 in Norway. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 16:171-8. [PMID: 19548922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clinical isolates of Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to oxyimino-cephalosporins and not susceptible to clavulanic acid synergy (n = 402), collected from Norwegian diagnostic laboratories in 2003-2007, were examined for the presence of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases (PABLs). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam antibiotics using Etest and Vitek2, respectively. The AmpC phenotype was confirmed using the boronic acid test. PABL-producing isolates were detected using ampC multiplex-PCR and examined by bla(AmpC) sequencing, characterization of the bla(AmpC) genetic environment, phylogenetic grouping, XbaI- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus sequence typed (MLST), plasmid profiling and PCR-based replicon typing. For the PABL-positive isolates (n = 38), carrying bla(CMY-2) (n = 35), bla(CMY-7) (n = 1) and bla(DHA-1) (n = 2), from out- (n = 23) and in-patients (n = 15), moderate-high MICs of beta-lactams, except cefepime and carbapenems, were determined. All isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Multidrug resistance was detected in 58% of the isolates. The genes bla(CMY-2) and bla(CMY-7) were linked to ISEcp1 upstream in 32 cases and in one case, respectively, and bla(DHA-1) was linked to qacEDelta1sul1 upstream and downstream in one case. Twenty isolates were of phylogenetic groups B2 or D. Thirty-three XbaI-PFGE types, including three clusters, were observed. Twenty-five sequence types (ST) were identified, of which ST complexes (STC) 38 (n = 7), STC 448 (n = 5) and ST131 (n = 4) were dominant. Plasmid profiling revealed 1-4 plasmids (50-250 kb) per isolate and 11 different replicons in 37/38 isolates; bla(CMY-2) was carried on transferable multiple-replicon plasmids, predominantly of Inc groups I1 (n = 12), FII (n = 10) and A/C (n = 7). Chromosomal integration was observed for bla(CMY-2) in ten strains. CMY-2 is the dominant PABL type in Norway and is associated with ISEcp1 and transferable, multiple-replicon IncI1, IncA/C, or IncFII plasmids in nationwide strains of STC 448, STC 38 and ST131.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Naseer
- Reference Centre for Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance (K-res), Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Luo CL, Hu CY, Yin GJ, Sui ZY, Cheng GL, Wang SF. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing strains and drug resistance analysis in ascitic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:1567-1569. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i15.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing strains and drug resistance in ascetic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical drug use.
METHODS: Isolated E.coli and klebsiella pneumonia from January 2005 to December 2008, confirmed by Vitek-32, underwent extended-spectrum β-lactamases detection and drug sensitivity tests using Kirby-Bauer methods.
RESULTS: There were 38.3%(18/47) of E.Coli and 0 of klebsiella pneumonia producing ESBL. Drug resistance rates of the ESBL-producing strains to AMX, AMK, CZA, CZP, ATM, FEP, SMZ, CFP and PIP were significantly higher than those of the Non-ESBL producing strains, but to CSL and TZP there was no discrimination between them. Drug resistance rates of ESBL-producing and Non-ESBL producing strains were zero to TMP.
CONCLUSION: Monitoring the ESBL-producing stains and drug resistance would be important for treatment of patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
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NASEER UMAER, HALDORSEN BJØRG, TOFTELAND STÅLE, HEGSTAD KRISTIN, SCHEUTZ FLEMMING, SIMONSEN GUNNARSKOV, SUNDSFJORD ARNFINN. Molecular characterization of CTX-M-15-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli reveals the spread of multidrug-resistant ST131 (O25:H4) and ST964 (O102:H6) strains in Norway. APMIS 2009; 117:526-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bae IK, Lee YH, Jeong HJ, Hong SG, Lee SH, Jeong SH. A novel blaCTX-M-14 gene-harboring complex class 1 integron with an In4-like backbone structure from a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 62:340-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Urinary tract infections in a South American population: dynamic spread of class 1 integrons and multidrug resistance by homologous and site-specific recombination. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:3417-25. [PMID: 18753343 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00835-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred four bacterial strains mediating urinary tract infections in separate individuals from a Uruguayan community were isolated. Forty-six strains conferred a multidrug resistance phenotype. All 104 strains were examined for the presence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons. Class 1 integrons were found in 21 isolates across four distinct bacterial genera. A large class 1 integron in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain was fully sequenced and was 29,093 bp in length. This integron probably arose by homologous recombination since it was embedded in a hybrid Tn21-like transposon backbone which comprised a Tn5036-like tnp transposition module at the IRi integron end and a Tn21 mer module at the IRt integron end. The parent integron/transposon that contributed the Tn5036 module was not related to Tn1696 since the integron insertion points in the transposon backbones were 16 bases apart. Examination of the other 20 class 1 integron-containing strains revealed further evidence of genetic exchange. This included a strain that possessed a Tn5036 module at the IRt end but not at the IRi end and another that possessed a tnp module beyond IRi that was a hybrid of Tn21 and Tn5051 and that is presumed to have arisen by site-specific recombination. This study highlights the ability of different genetic elements to act cooperatively to spread and rearrange antibiotic resistance in a community.
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Gootz TD, Marra A. Acinetobacter baumannii: an emerging multidrug-resistant threat. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2008; 6:309-25. [PMID: 18588496 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.6.3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Amid the recent attention focused on the growing impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, the pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii has been stealthily gaining ground as an agent of serious nosocomial and community-acquired infection. Historically, Acinetobacter spp. have been associated with opportunistic infections that were rare and of modest severity; the last two decades have seen an increase in both the incidence and seriousness of A. baumannii infection, with the main targets being patients in intensive-care units. Although this organism appears to have a predilection for the most vulnerable patients, community-acquired A. baumannii infection is an increasing cause for concern. The increase in A. baumannii infections has paralleled the alarming development of resistance it has demonstrated. The persistence of this organism in healthcare facilities, its inherent hardiness and its resistance to antibiotics results in it being a formidable emerging pathogen. This review aims to put into perspective the threat posed by this organism in hospital and community settings, describes new information that is changing our view of Acinetobacter virulence and resistance, and calls for greater understanding of how this multifaceted organism came to be a major pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Gootz
- Department of Infectious Disease, Pfizer Global Research and Development, MS 220-2301, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Su Z, Dai X, Chen J, Kong F, Wang H, Li Y, Peng S, Wang S, Shao Q, Lv L, Xu H. The bla(CTX-M-1) gene located in a novel complex class I integron bearing an ISCR1 element in Escherichia coli isolates from Zhenjiang, China. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62:1150-1. [PMID: 18647745 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Su LH, Chu C, Cloeckaert A, Chiu CH. An epidemic of plasmids? Dissemination of extended-spectrum cephalosporinases among Salmonella and other Enterobacteriaceae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 52:155-68. [PMID: 18093140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CTX-M- and AmpC-type beta-lactamases comprise the two most rapidly growing populations among the extended-spectrum cephalosporinases. The evolution and dissemination of resistance genes encoding these enzymes occur mostly through the transmission of plasmids. The high prevalence of clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae producing the plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporinases resembles an epidemic of plasmids, and has generated serious therapeutic problems. This review describes the emergence and worldwide spread of various classes of plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in Salmonella and other Enterobacteriaceae, the transfer mechanism of the plasmids, detection methods, and therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hui Su
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Complex class 1 integrons with diverse variable regions, including aac(6')-Ib-cr, and a novel allele, qnrB10, associated with ISCR1 in clinical enterobacterial isolates from Argentina. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:4466-70. [PMID: 17938184 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00726-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transferable quinolone resistance has not previously been reported in Argentina. Here we describe three complex class 1 integrons harboring the novel allele qnrB10 in a unique region downstream of orf513, one of them also containing aac(6')-Ib-cr within the variable region of integrons. The three arrays differed from bla(CTX-M-2)-bearing integrons, which are broadly distributed in Argentina.
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Gołebiewski M, Kern-Zdanowicz I, Zienkiewicz M, Adamczyk M, Zylinska J, Baraniak A, Gniadkowski M, Bardowski J, Cegłowski P. Complete nucleotide sequence of the pCTX-M3 plasmid and its involvement in spread of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-3. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3789-95. [PMID: 17698626 PMCID: PMC2151408 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00457-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the nucleotide sequence of pCTX-M3, a highly conjugative plasmid that is responsible for the extensive spread of the gene coding for the CTX-M-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in clinical populations of the family Enterobacteriaceae in Poland. The plasmid belongs to the IncL/M incompatibility group, is 89,468 bp in size, and carries 103 putative genes. Besides bla(CTX-M-3), it also bears the bla(TEM-1), aacC2, and armA genes, as well as integronic aadA2, dfrA12, and sul1, which altogether confer resistance to the majority of beta-lactams and aminoglycosides and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The conjugal transfer genes are organized in two blocks, tra and trb, separated by a spacer sequence where almost all antibiotic resistance genes and multiple mobile genetic elements are located. Only bla(CTX-M-3), accompanied by an ISEcp1 element, is placed separately, in a DNA fragment previously identified as a fragment of the Kluyvera ascorbata chromosome. On the basis of sequence analysis, we speculate that pCTX-M3 might have arisen from plasmid pEL60 from plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora by acquiring mobile elements with resistance genes. This suggests that plasmids of environmental bacterial strains could be the source of those plasmids now observed in bacteria pathogenic for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gołebiewski
- Department of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Bae IK, Lee YN, Lee WG, Lee SH, Jeong SH. Novel complex class 1 integron bearing an ISCR1 element in an Escherichia coli isolate carrying the blaCTX-M-14 gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3017-9. [PMID: 17517851 PMCID: PMC1932499 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00279-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work identifies an ISCR1-related bla(CTX-M-14) gene, which has never been reported before, from a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. The bla(CTX-M-14) gene was preceded by an ISCR1 element that was followed by a class 1 integron containing three different insert gene cassettes, i.e., dfrA12, orfF, and aadA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Kwon Bae
- Research Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, 34 Amnam-Dong, Suh-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Depardieu F, Podglajen I, Leclercq R, Collatz E, Courvalin P. Modes and modulations of antibiotic resistance gene expression. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007; 20:79-114. [PMID: 17223624 PMCID: PMC1797629 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00015-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since antibiotic resistance usually affords a gain of function, there is an associated biological cost resulting in a loss of fitness of the bacterial host. Considering that antibiotic resistance is most often only transiently advantageous to bacteria, an efficient and elegant way for them to escape the lethal action of drugs is the alteration of resistance gene expression. It appears that expression of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is frequently regulated, which indicates that modulation of gene expression probably reflects a good compromise between energy saving and adjustment to a rapidly evolving environment. Modulation of gene expression can occur at the transcriptional or translational level following mutations or the movement of mobile genetic elements and may involve induction by the antibiotic. In the latter case, the antibiotic can have a triple activity: as an antibacterial agent, as an inducer of resistance to itself, and as an inducer of the dissemination of resistance determinants. We will review certain mechanisms, all reversible, that bacteria have elaborated to achieve antibiotic resistance by the fine-tuning of the expression of genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Depardieu
- Unité des Agents Antibactériens, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Yu Y, Ji S, Chen Y, Zhou W, Wei Z, Li L, Ma Y. Resistance of strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and genotype distribution in China. J Infect 2007; 54:53-7. [PMID: 16533535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and the genotyping of ESBLs in China. METHODS MICs of 12 antibiotics against 50 strains (by random selection) of ESBLs-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were determined by E-test. The genotypes of ESBLs were analyzed by PCR, DNA sequencing and isoelectric focusing. RESULTS The susceptibility rate of 50 isolates was 100% in imipenem, 60%-80% in cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceftazidime and piperacillin/tazobactam, and lower in other antimicrobial agents tested. Only 6.0% of the isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime. Four hundred and forty-seven of 509 isolates had been confirmed the genotype of ESBLs. Four hundred and sixteen strains produced only one type of ESBLs, including CTX-M-14 (271 strains), CTX-M-3 (70 strains), CTX-M-24 (35 strains), CTX-M-22 (8 strains), CTX-M-15 (4 strains), CTX-M-9 (4 strains), CTX-M-28 (3 strains), CTX-M-12 (1 strain), CTX-M-13 (1 strain), CTX-M-27 (1 strain), CTX-M-29 (1 strain), SHV-12 (10 strains), SHV-5 (4 strains), SHV-2 (2 strains), and SHV-9 (1 strain). Thirty isolates carried two or three types of ESBLs, and producing CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-3 together were the most common type. CONCLUSION The resistance of E. coli and K. pneumonia producing ESBLs in China was a serious issue and CTX-M type ESBLs were the most common genotype. CTX-M-14 was the predominant genotype. Some isolates produced two or three ESBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Garnier F, Raked N, Gassama A, Denis F, Ploy MC. Genetic environment of quinolone resistance gene qnrB2 in a complex sul1-type integron in the newly described Salmonella enterica serovar Keurmassar. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:3200-2. [PMID: 16940131 PMCID: PMC1563520 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00293-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A qnrB2 determinant was described for a new complex sul1-type integron from Salmonella enterica serovar Keurmassar. The genetic structure contained two class 1 integrons surrounding two common regions (CRs) separated by a partial 3' conserved segment. The qnrB2 gene is adjacent to the first CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Garnier
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, EA3175, CHU Dupuytren, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France
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Hopkins KL, Batchelor MJ, Liebana E, Deheer-Graham AP, Threlfall EJ. Characterisation of CTX-M and AmpC genes in human isolates of Escherichia coli identified between 1995 and 2003 in England and Wales. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 28:180-92. [PMID: 16879949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CTX-M and AmpC genes in human isolates of Escherichia coli, their genetic environment and their host plasmids were examined. Isolates (n=103) were selected based on resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)> or =1 microg/mL) to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing identified 29 isolates containing bla(CTX-M-15), 1 each of bla(CTX-M-2) (a strain originating from Israel) and bla(CTX-M-40), 20 isolates containing bla(CMY-7), 4 bla(CMY-2) and 1 bla(CMY-21). This is the first study of plasmid-mediated AmpC genes in E. coli in the UK. Eleven cefoxitin-resistant, AmpC PCR-negative isolates had ampC promoter region mutations. All bla(CTX-M-15) and 24 of 25 bla(CMY) genes were associated with an ISEcp1-like element. The bla(CTX-M-2) was located in an orf513-bearing class 1 integron. Plasmid restriction digests suggest transfer of genes between different plasmid backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Hopkins
- Salmonella Reference Unit, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
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Walsh TR. Combinatorial genetic evolution of multiresistance. Curr Opin Microbiol 2006; 9:476-82. [PMID: 16942901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The explosion in genetic information, whilst extending our knowledge, might not necessary increase our conceptual understanding on the complexities of bacterial genetics, or why some antibiotic resistant genotypes such as blaCTX-M-15 and blaVIM-2 appear to dominate. However, the information we have thus far suggests that clinical isolates have 'hijacked' plasmids, primarily built of backbone-DNA originating from environmental bacteria. Additionally, the combinatorial presence of other elements such as transposons, integrons, insertion sequence (IS) elements and the 'new' ISCR (IS common region) elements have also contributed to the increase in antibiotic resistance - an antibiotic resistant cluster composing four or five genes has become commonplace. In some instances, the presence of antibiotics themselves, such as fluoroquinolones, can mediate a bacterial SOS cell response, subsequently amplifying and/or augmenting the transfer of large genetic entities therefore, potentially promoting long-term detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Walsh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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Toleman MA, Bennett PM, Walsh TR. ISCR elements: novel gene-capturing systems of the 21st century? Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2006; 70:296-316. [PMID: 16760305 PMCID: PMC1489542 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00048-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
"Common regions" (CRs), such as Orf513, are being increasingly linked to mega-antibiotic-resistant regions. While their overall nucleotide sequences show little identity to other mobile elements, amino acid alignments indicate that they possess the key motifs of IS91-like elements, which have been linked to the mobility ent plasmids in pathogenic Escherichia coli. Further inspection reveals that they possess an IS91-like origin of replication and termination sites (terIS), and therefore CRs probably transpose via a rolling-circle replication mechanism. Accordingly, in this review we have renamed CRs as ISCRs to give a more accurate reflection of their functional properties. The genetic context surrounding ISCRs indicates that they can procure 5' sequences via misreading of the cognate terIS, i.e., "unchecked transposition." Clinically, the most worrying aspect of ISCRs is that they are increasingly being linked with more potent examples of resistance, i.e., metallo-beta-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and co-trimoxazole resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Furthermore, if ISCR elements do move via "unchecked RC transposition," as has been speculated for ISCR1, then this mechanism provides antibiotic resistance genes with a highly mobile genetic vehicle that could greatly exceed the effects of previously reported mobile genetic mechanisms. It has been hypothesized that bacteria will surprise us by extending their "genetic construction kit" to procure and evince additional DNA and, therefore, antibiotic resistance genes. It appears that ISCR elements have now firmly established themselves within that regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Toleman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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