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Rajmohan S, Gao C, Chacon Garcia M, Miglior I, Pitkin L. Lemierre's Syndrome Secondary to Shoulder Hematoma Complicated by COVID-19: A Case Report. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:125S-129S. [PMID: 38078435 DOI: 10.1177/01455613231215166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report illustrates a unique presentation of Lemierre's syndrome precipitated by Fusobacterium necrophorum. This case report describes a 20-year-old patient who developed Lemierre's syndrome secondary to a shoulder hematoma and neck abscess with multiple systemic complications in the absence of tonsillitis or oropharyngeal infection. Two weeks prior to presentation, the patient sustained a right shoulder injury and contracted COVID-19. Due to his Lemierre's syndrome, he developed right internal jugular vein and subclavian vein thrombosis, septic lung emboli, right sided Horner's syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pelvic collection, septic arthritis of pubic symphysis and osteomyelitis of the right pubic bone, and proximal left femoral shaft. The patient received non-operative and operative management to manage his Lemierre's syndrome including surgical drainage, antibiotics, and anticoagulation; he was discharged following an extended hospital stay. This case report highlights a rare presentation of Lemierre's syndrome secondary to a shoulder hematoma in a COVID-19 positive patient, and its potential systemic and life-threatening complications. Its importance is highly relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies are warranted to explore the effect of preceding COVID-19 infections on the microbiological profile in Lemierre's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- ENT Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Isabel Miglior
- ENT Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - Lisa Pitkin
- ENT Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
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Mori N, Nakamura A, Hirai J, Asai N, Shibata Y, Takayama M, Kawamoto Y, Miyazaki N, Sakanashi D, Ohno T, Yamada A, Suematsu H, Koita I, Chida S, Ohta T, Mikamo H. Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Fusobacterium species isolated over 10 years at a Japanese university hospital. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:423-433. [PMID: 38112966 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaerobic bacteria, existing on human skin and mucous membranes, can cause severe infections with complications or mortality. We examined the clinical characteristics of patients infected with Fusobacterium spp. and assessed their antibiotic susceptibility. METHODS Clinical data were collated from patients diagnosed with Fusobacterium infections in a Japanese university hospital between 2014 and 2023. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. RESULTS We identified 299 Fusobacterium isolates. The median age was 61 years (range, 14-95 years), with females constituting 43.1% of the patients. Most infections were community-acquired (84.6%, 253/299). Multiple bacterial strains were isolated simultaneously in 74.6% of cases. One-fourth of the patients had solid organ malignancies (25.4%, 76/299), and 14.5% (11/76) of those had colorectal cancer. The 30-day mortality rate was 1.3%. Fusobacterium species were isolated from blood cultures in 6% (18/299) of the patients. Patients, aged 75 years or older, with cerebrovascular disease or hematologic malignancy exhibited significantly higher prevalence of blood culture isolates in univariate analysis. Each Fusobacterium species had its characteristic infection site. Approximately 5% F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum isolates showed penicillin G resistance. Moxifloxacin resistance was observed in varying degrees across strains, ranging from 4.6 to 100% of isolates. All isolates were sensitive to β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, and metronidazole. CONCLUSION We show a link between Fusobacterium species and solid organ malignancies. We observed resistance to penicillin, cefmetazole, clindamycin, and moxifloxacin, warranting caution in their clinical use. This study offers valuable insights for managing Fusobacterium infections and guiding empirical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Mori
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakamura
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Jun Hirai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Asai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shibata
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mina Takayama
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yuzuka Kawamoto
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Narimi Miyazaki
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakanashi
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ohno
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yamada
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suematsu
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Isao Koita
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Sumie Chida
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohta
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata Nagakute-Shi, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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Shariff M, Ramengmawi E. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of anaerobic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infections. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:301. [PMID: 37872502 PMCID: PMC10591390 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaerobes are normal flora of the human body. However, they can cause serious infections in humans. Anaerobic bacteria are known to cause respiratory infections like pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic lower airway infections. These are often missed due to the complexity of their isolation and identification. Hence, this study aimed to study anaerobes causing respiratory tract infections and determine their antibiotic susceptibility. MATERIALS & METHODS Clinical specimens such as bronchial aspirates and pleural aspirates collected from patients with respiratory diseases attending Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute were processed, the anaerobes isolated were identified, and their susceptibilities to various groups of antimicrobials were studied using standard microbiological methods. RESULTS Three hundred and fourteen patients were included in the study, 154 males and 160 females. Of these 314 patients, 148 (47%) yielded anaerobes in their clinical samples. Seventy patients had more than one type of anaerobic organism. Hence, 235 isolates were recovered belonging to as many as 17 genera. The MIC of seven antibiotics on 154 isolates was tested. The isolates belonged mostly to the genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Actinomyces. Variable resistance was observed to most classes of antibiotics by many genera. CONCLUSIONS Metronidazole is commonly used against anaerobes, but the study showed that the isolates were 20-30% resistant to the antibiotic. Starting this as an empirical therapy might lead to treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Shariff
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Elizabeth Ramengmawi
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Mao X, Hiergeist A, Auer DL, Scholz KJ, Muehler D, Hiller KA, Maisch T, Buchalla W, Hellwig E, Gessner A, Al-Ahmad A, Cieplik F. Ecological Effects of Daily Antiseptic Treatment on Microbial Composition of Saliva-Grown Microcosm Biofilms and Selection of Resistant Phenotypes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:934525. [PMID: 35847089 PMCID: PMC9280182 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.934525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiseptics are widely used in dental practice and included in numerous over-the-counter oral care products. However, the effects of routine antiseptic use on microbial composition of oral biofilms and on the emergence of resistant phenotypes remain unclear. Microcosm biofilms were inoculated from saliva samples of four donors and cultured in the Amsterdam Active Attachment biofilm model for 3 days. Then, they were treated two times daily with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) for a period of 7 days. Ecological changes upon these multiple antiseptic treatments were evaluated by semiconductor-based sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and identification of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Furthermore, culture-based approaches were used for colony-forming units (CFU) assay, identification of antiseptic-resistant phenotypes using an agar dilution method, and evaluation of their antibiotic susceptibilities. Both CHX and CPC showed only slight effects on CFU and could not inhibit biofilm growth despite the two times daily treatment for 7 days. Both antiseptics showed significant ecological effects on the microbial compositions of the surviving microbiota, whereby CHX led to enrichment of rather caries-associated saccharolytic taxa and CPC led to enrichment of rather gingivitis-associated proteolytic taxa. Antiseptic-resistant phenotypes were isolated on antiseptic-containing agar plates, which also exhibited phenotypic resistance to various antibiotics. Our results highlight the need for further research into potential detrimental effects of antiseptics on the microbial composition of oral biofilms and on the spread of antimicrobial resistance in the context of their frequent use in oral healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Mao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiergeist
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David L. Auer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin J. Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Muehler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Fabian Cieplik,
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Di Bella S, Antonello RM, Sanson G, Maraolo AE, Giacobbe DR, Sepulcri C, Ambretti S, Aschbacher R, Bartolini L, Bernardo M, Bielli A, Busetti M, Carcione D, Camarlinghi G, Carretto E, Cassetti T, Chilleri C, De Rosa FG, Dodaro S, Gargiulo R, Greco F, Knezevich A, Intra J, Lupia T, Concialdi E, Bianco G, Luzzaro F, Mauri C, Morroni G, Mosca A, Pagani E, Parisio EM, Ucciferri C, Vismara C, Luzzati R, Principe L. Anaerobic bloodstream infections in Italy (ITANAEROBY): A 5-year retrospective nationwide survey. Anaerobe 2022; 75:102583. [PMID: 35568274 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A lack of updated data on the burden and profile of anaerobic bloodstream infections (ABIs) exists. We assessed the incidence of ABIs and trends in antimicrobial resistance in anaerobes isolated from blood in Italy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on 17 Italian hospitals (2016-2020). Anaerobes isolated from blood culture and their in vitro susceptibility profiles (EUCAST-interpreted) were registered and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1960 ABIs were identified. The mean age of ABIs patients was 68.6 ± 18.5 years, 57.6% were males. The overall incidence rate of ABIs was 1.01 per 10.000 patient-days. Forty-seven% of ABIs occurred in medical wards, 17% in ICUs, 14% in surgical wards, 7% in hemato-oncology, 14% in outpatients. The three most common anti-anaerobic tested drugs were metronidazole (92%), clindamycin (89%) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (83%). The three most common isolated anaerobes were Bacteroides fragilis (n = 529), Cutibacterium acnes (n = 262) and Clostridium perfringens (n = 134). The lowest resistance rate (1.5%) was to carbapenems, whereas the highest rate (51%) was to penicillin. Clindamycin resistance was >20% for Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp. and Clostridium spp. Metronidazole resistance was 9.2% after excluding C. acnes and Actinomyces spp. Bacteroides spp. showed an increased prevalence of clindamycin resistance through the study period: 19% in 2016, 33% in 2020 (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of ABIs in Italy, filling a gap that has existed since 1995. Caution is needed when clindamycin is used as empirical anti-anaerobic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Roberta Maria Antonello
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Sanson
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sepulcri
- San Martino Polyclinic Hospital IRCCS, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Simone Ambretti
- University Hospital of Bologna-Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Richard Aschbacher
- Laboratorio Aziendale di Microbiologia e Virologia, Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Azienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Laura Bartolini
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mariano Bernardo
- Microbiology Unit, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bielli
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marina Busetti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Davide Carcione
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, ASST-Brianza, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy.
| | - Giulio Camarlinghi
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Carretto
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cassetti
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy.
| | - Chiara Chilleri
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy.
| | - Saveria Dodaro
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "Annunziata" Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Gargiulo
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Greco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, "Annunziata" Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Anna Knezevich
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Jari Intra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, ASST-Brianza, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Lupia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy.
| | | | - Gabriele Bianco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Luzzaro
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, "A. Manzoni" Hospital, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Carola Mauri
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, "A. Manzoni" Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Adriana Mosca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico, Bari, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Laboratorio Aziendale di Microbiologia e Virologia, Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Azienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Eva Maria Parisio
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Chiara Vismara
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy.
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El Houari A, Ecale F, Mercier A, Crapart S, Laparre J, Soulard B, Ramnath M, Berjeaud JM, Rodier MH, Crépin A. Development of an in vitro Model of Human Gut Microbiota for Screening the Reciprocal Interactions With Antibiotics, Drugs, and Xenobiotics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828359. [PMID: 35495704 PMCID: PMC9042397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Altering the gut microbiota can negatively affect human health. Efforts may be sustained to predict the intended or unintended effects of molecules not naturally produced or expected to be present within the organism on the gut microbiota. Here, culture-dependent and DNA-based approaches were combined to UHPLC-MS/MS analyses in order to investigate the reciprocal interactions between a constructed Human Gut Microbiota Model (HGMM) and molecules including antibiotics, drugs, and xenobiotics. Our HGMM was composed of strains from the five phyla commonly described in human gut microbiota and belonging to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Relevantly, the bacterial diversity was conserved in our constructed human gut model through subcultures. Uneven richness distribution was revealed and the sensitivity of the HGMM was mainly affected by antibiotic exposure rather than by drugs or xenobiotics. Interestingly, the constructed model and the individual cultured strains respond with the same sensitivity to the different molecules. UHPLC-MS/MS analyses revealed the disappearance of some native molecules in the supernatants of the HGMM as well as in those of the individual strains. These results suggest that biotransformation of molecules occurred in the presence of our gut microbiota model and the coupled approaches performed on the individual cultures may emphasize new bacterial strains active in these metabolic processes. From this study, the new HGMM appears as a simple, fast, stable, and inexpensive model for screening the reciprocal interactions between the intestinal microbiota and molecules of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz El Houari
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Ecologie and Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Florine Ecale
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Ecologie and Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Anne Mercier
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Ecologie and Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Stéphanie Crapart
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Ecologie and Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Marc Berjeaud
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Ecologie and Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Rodier
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Ecologie and Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Alexandre Crépin
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Ecologie and Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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7
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Kim M, Yun SY, Lee Y, Lee H, Yong D, Lee K. Clinical Differences in Patients Infected with Fusobacterium and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fusobacterium Isolates Recovered at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:188-195. [PMID: 34635612 PMCID: PMC8548237 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusobacterium species are obligately anaerobic, gram-negative bacilli. Especially, F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum are highly relevant human pathogens. We investigated clinical differences in patients infected with Fusobacterium spp. and determined the antimicrobial susceptibility of Fusobacterium isolates. Methods We collected clinical data of 86 patients from whom Fusobacterium spp. were isolated from clinical specimens at a tertiary-care hospital in Korea between 2003 and 2020. In total, 76 non-duplicated Fusobacterium isolates were selected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the agar dilution method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (M11-A9). Results F. nucleatum was most frequently isolated from blood cultures and was associated with hematologic malignancy, whereas F. necrophorum was mostly prevalent in head and neck infections. Anti-anaerobic agents were more commonly used to treat F. nucleatum and F. varium infections than to treat F. necrophorum infections. We observed no significant difference in mortality between patients infected with these species. All F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested. F. varium was resistant to clindamycin (48%) and moxifloxacin (24%), and F. mortiferum was resistant to penicillin G (22%) and ceftriaxone (67%). β-Lactamase activity was not detected. Conclusions Despite the clinical differences among patients with clinically important Fusobacterium infections, there was no significant difference in the mortality rates. Some Fusobacterium spp. were resistant to penicillin G, ceftriaxone, clindamycin, or moxifloxacin. This study may provide clinically relevant data for implementing empirical treatment against Fusobacterium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsook Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Young Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunhee Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Seoul Clinical Laboratories Academy, Yongin, Korea
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8
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Ito Y, Nakayama H, Niitsu Y, Kaneko N, Otsuka M, Sawada Y, Takeuchi Y, Sekido N. The first case of Veillonella atypica bacteremia in a patient with renal pelvic tumor. Anaerobe 2021; 73:102491. [PMID: 34861365 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the first case of bacteremia caused by Veillonella atypica in a morbid elderly female patient who developed obstructive pyelonephritis. She was treated with ceftriaxone and ureteral stenting; this is the first report of V. atypica infection in humans. Species identification was performed by multiplex PCR and sequencing of rpoB. The strain was susceptible to metronidazole and clindamycin but resistant to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and moxifloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitaka Ito
- Division of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infection and Prevention, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Haruo Nakayama
- Department of Infection and Prevention, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Niitsu
- Department of Urology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Kaneko
- Division of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Otsuka
- Division of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infection and Prevention, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Sawada
- Department of Urology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Sekido
- Department of Urology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Sood A, Ray P, Angrup A. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance in clinical anaerobic isolates from India. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab044. [PMID: 34223113 PMCID: PMC8210138 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in anaerobes remains a neglected field. The laborious procedures, non-compliance with the standard methodology and differences in interpretive breakpoints add variation in resistance data. OBJECTIVES To assess the phenotypic and genotypic resistance among clinically important anaerobes to six antibiotics frequently used as empirical therapy for anaerobic infections. METHODS A total of 150 anaerobic isolates were recovered from clinical specimens. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the breakpoint agar dilution method as per CLSI guidelines. The presence of genes encoding resistance to metronidazole (nim gene), imipenem (cfiA gene) and mobilizable insertion sequence (IS) elements was detected to comprehend their association with phenotypic resistance. RESULTS This is a first study of its kind from the Indian subcontinent looking at the AMR and associated genes in anaerobes. Resistance to metronidazole, clindamycin, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoxitin was 32.6%, 42.6%, 0.6%, 38% and 35.3%, respectively. No resistance was observed to chloramphenicol. The nim gene was detected in 24.6% of isolates, of which 70.2% were resistant by phenotype. On sequencing, the PCR products of six random nim genes showed a close similarity to nimE of Bacteroides fragilis with 99% nucleotide and 100% amino acid sequence similarity. The cfiA gene, associated with imipenem resistance, was detected in 16% of isolates. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of isolates carrying AMR genes to become resistant to antibiotics by acquisition of IS elements mandates attention to periodically monitor the resistance patterns and geographic distribution of these genes and IS elements to understand the trends of AMR in anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sood
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Archana Angrup
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
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10
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Bacteremia caused by Veillonella dispar in an oncological patient. Anaerobe 2020; 66:102285. [PMID: 33075505 PMCID: PMC7563575 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Veillonella dispar is a Gram-negative anaerobic coccus involved in only a few human diseases. We report the second case of bacteremia due to this microorganism in an elderly patient. A 72-year-old man with a history of bladder cancer presented with diarrhea, vomiting, and fever for 48 hours. After the diagnosis of septic shock, four sets of blood cultures were taken, and three of them yielded V. dispar. Resistance to metronidazole, penicillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam was documented. Treatment with clindamycin was started, and the patient was discharged after improvement in his general condition.
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11
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Maraki S, Mavromanolaki VE, Stafylaki D, Kasimati A. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clinically significant Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria in a Greek tertiary-care hospital, 2017–2019. Anaerobe 2020; 64:102245. [PMID: 32707228 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maraki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | | | - Dimitra Stafylaki
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anna Kasimati
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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12
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Weeks RM, Moretti A, Song S, Uhrich KE, Karlyshev AV, Chikindas ML. Cationic amphiphiles against Gardnerella vaginalis resistant strains and bacterial vaginosis-associated pathogens. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5585885. [PMID: 31603505 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and infection recurrence are critical issues in treating bacterial vaginosis, the most common vaginal disorder in women of reproductive age. Novel alternatives to traditional antibiotics, such as peptidomimetics, have the potential to address this challenge. Previously, two series of cationic amphiphiles (CAms) were developed with both hydrophilic head groups and non-polar domains, giving them the ability to self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures with membrane-lytic properties. Those CAms were shown to be effective against biofilms of Gardnerella vaginalis while preserving the commensal microbiota. Two new series of CAms were designed with varying levels of flexibility between the hydrophilic head groups and the hydrophobic domains. Activities against the vaginal pathogen G. vaginalis ranged from 1.3 to 18.5 µM, while the tested vaginal lactobacilli were significantly more tolerant of CAms, with minimal inhibitory concentration values as high as 208 µM. Minimal biofilm bactericidal concentrations of the tested CAms ranged from 21.47 to <388.3 µM, and were lowest against resistant forms of G. vaginalis, while Lactobacillus biofilms were tolerant of concentrations ≥687 µM. Safety aspects of the CAms were also investigated, and they were found to be safe for use against vaginal ectocervical tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Alysha Moretti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Andrey V Karlyshev
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames KT1 1LQ, UK
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Maraki S, Mavromanolaki VE, Stafylaki D, Kasimati A. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in recent clinical isolates of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in a Greek University Hospital. Anaerobe 2020; 62:102173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Archambault M, Rubin JE. Antimicrobial Resistance in Clostridium and Brachyspira spp. and Other Anaerobes. Microbiol Spectr 2020; 8:10.1128/microbiolspec.arba-0020-2017. [PMID: 31971162 PMCID: PMC10773235 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.arba-0020-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes the antimicrobial resistance to date of the most frequently encountered anaerobic bacterial pathogens of animals. The different sections show that antimicrobial resistance can vary depending on the antimicrobial, the anaerobe, and the resistance mechanism. The variability in antimicrobial resistance patterns is also associated with other factors such as geographic region and local antimicrobial usage. On occasion, the same resistance gene was observed in many anaerobes, whereas some were limited to certain anaerobes. This article focuses on antimicrobial resistance data of veterinary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Archambault
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Joseph E Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
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16
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Li J, Chen P, Li J, Gao X, Chen X, Chen J. A new treatment of sepsis caused byveillonella parvula: A case report and literature review. J Clin Pharm Ther 2017; 42:649-652. [PMID: 28543519 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - P. Chen
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - X. Gao
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - X. Chen
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Chen
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
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Narimani T, Douraghi M, Owlia P, Rastegar A, Esghaei M, Nasr B, Talebi M. Heterogeneity in resistant fecal Bacteroides fragilis group collected from healthy people. Microb Pathog 2016; 95:1-6. [PMID: 26945562 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Normal nonpathogenic flora would represent a constant lake of resistance genes potentially transferable to human pathogens. To assess the prevalence of resistance genes and genetic variability of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) from normal flora, 177 Bacteroides isolates obtained from the fecal samples of healthy individuals. These isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The isolates were further tested for the presence of ermF, tetQ and bft genes by PCR. Our results indicated the presence of different clonal strains (1 common type and 57 single types) among the resistant isolates. The resistance rate for the six antibiotics in this study was between 1% and 95%. Most of the isolates (99%) were susceptible to metronidazole. ermF and tetQ were detected in all erythromycin and tetracycline resistant isolates. None of the isolates were carried bft gene. These data suggest dissemination of heterogenic clonal groups in healthy persons and resistance to 5 high commonly used antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Narimani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Douraghi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center(MMRC), Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Rastegar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Esghaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Nasr
- Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Szemraj M, Kwaszewska A, Pawlak R, Szewczyk EM. Macrolide, Lincosamide, and Streptogramin B Resistance in Lipophilic Corynebacteria Inhabiting Healthy Human Skin. Microb Drug Resist 2014; 20:404-9. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szemraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaszewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Eligia M. Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Wang FD, Liao CH, Lin YT, Sheng WH, Hsueh PR. Trends in the susceptibility of commonly encountered clinically significant anaerobes and susceptibilities of blood isolates of anaerobes to 16 antimicrobial agents, including fidaxomicin and rifaximin, 2008–2012, northern Taiwan. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:2041-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Marchand-Austin A, Rawte P, Toye B, Jamieson FB, Farrell DJ, Patel SN. Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria in Ontario, 2010-2011. Anaerobe 2014; 28:120-5. [PMID: 24923267 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The local epidemiology of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in anaerobic bacteria is important in guiding the empiric treatment of infections. However, susceptibility data are very limited on anaerobic organisms, particularly among non-Bacteroides organisms. To determine susceptibility profiles of clinically-significant anaerobic bacteria in Ontario Canada, anaerobic isolates from sterile sites submitted to Public Health Ontario Laboratory (PHOL) for identification and susceptibility testing were included in this study. Using the E-test method, isolates were tested for various antimicrobials including, penicillin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam and metronidazole. The MIC results were interpreted based on guidelines published by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Of 2527 anaerobic isolates submitted to PHOL, 1412 were either from sterile sites or bronchial lavage, and underwent susceptibility testing. Among Bacteroides fragilis, 98.2%, 24.7%, 1.6%, and 1.2% were resistant to penicillin, clindamycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and metronidazole, respectively. Clostridium perfringens was universally susceptible to penicillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and meropenem, whereas 14.2% of other Clostridium spp. were resistant to penicillin. Among Gram-positive anaerobes, Actinomyces spp., Parvimonas micra and Propionibacterium spp. were universally susceptible to β-lactams. Eggerthella spp., Collinsella spp., and Eubacterium spp. showed variable resistance to penicillin. Among Gram-negative anaerobes, Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., and Veillonella spp. showed high resistance to penicillin but were universally susceptible to meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam. The detection of metronidazole resistant B. fragilis is concerning as occurrence of these isolates is extremely rare. These data highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance to provide clinically relevant information to clinicians for empiric management of infections caused by anaerobic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Marchand-Austin
- Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prasad Rawte
- Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baldwin Toye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Frances B Jamieson
- Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Farrell
- Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samir N Patel
- Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Xie Y, Chen J, He J, Miao X, Xu M, Wu X, Xu B, Yu L, Zhang W. Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevalence of Resistance Genes of Obligate Anaerobes Isolated From Periodontal Abscesses. J Periodontol 2014; 85:327-34. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Determination of Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacteroid fragilis Isolated from Patients and Healthy Individuals in Imam Reza Center of Medical Teaching and Treatment-Tabriz. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.7880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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23
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Pérez-Jacoiste Asín MA, Fernández-Ruiz M, Serrano-Navarro I, Prieto-Rodriguez S, Aguado JM. Polymicrobial endocarditis involving Veillonella parvula in an intravenous drug user: case report and literature review of Veillonella endocarditis. Infection 2013; 41:591-4. [PMID: 23456452 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-012-0398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Pérez-Jacoiste Asín
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND microbiologic data are lacking regarding pediatric community-acquired peritonitis (CAP). METHODS we conducted a 2-year retrospective single center study. Consecutive children undergoing CAP surgery were included. Microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of peritoneal isolates were analyzed. RESULTS a total of 70 children from 3 months to 14 years of age were included. A total of 123 bacterial isolates were analyzed. Escherichia coli was the predominant aerobic organism (51% of isolates); 54.8% were susceptible to amoxicillin whereas 90.3% were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate. Anaerobes accounted for 29% of isolates, and 94.3% of strains were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate and 68.5% were susceptible to clindamycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was present in 6% of isolates and in 10% of children. The presence of E. coli resistant to amoxicillin or to amoxicillin-clavulanate was the only independent risk factor associated with postoperative peritonitis. CONCLUSION microbiology of pediatric CAP is similar to adult CAP with a predominancy of E. coli and anaerobes. P. aeruginosa in peritoneal samples had no apparent influence on the outcome.
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Goldstein EJ, Citron DM. Resistance Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria, Part II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Goldstein EJ, Citron DM. Resistance Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria, Part I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Boyanova L, Kolarov R, Gergova G, Dimitrova L, Mitov I. Trends in antibiotic resistance in Prevotella species from patients of the University Hospital of Maxillofacial Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria, in 2003–2009. Anaerobe 2010; 16:489-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria are the predominant indigenous flora of humans and, as a result, play an important role in infections, some of which are serious with a high mortality rate. These opportunistic pathogens are frequently missed in cultures of clinical samples because of shortcomings in collection and transport procedures as well as lack of isolation and susceptibility testing of anaerobes in many clinical microbiology laboratories. Correlation of clinical failures with known antibacterial resistance of anaerobic bacteria is seldom possible. Changes in resistance over time, and the discovery and characterization of resistance determinants in anaerobic bacteria, has increased recognition of problems in empirical treatment and has even resulted in changes in treatment guidelines. This review discusses the role of anaerobic bacteria in the normal flora of humans, their involvement in different mixed infections, developments in antibacterial resistance of the most frequent anaerobic pathogens and possible new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Nagy
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Identification of clinically important anaerobic bacteria by an oligonucleotide array. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:1283-90. [PMID: 20129959 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01620-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria can cause a wide variety of infections, and some of these infections can be serious. Conventional identification methods based on biochemical tests are often lengthy and can produce inconclusive results. An oligonucleotide array based on the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS) sequences was developed to identify 28 species of anaerobic bacteria and Veillonella. The method consisted of PCR amplification of the ITS regions with universal primers, followed by hybridization of the digoxigenin-labeled PCR products to a panel of 35 oligonucleotide probes (17- to 30-mers) immobilized on a nylon membrane. The performance of the array was determined by testing 310 target strains (strains which we aimed to identify), including 122 reference strains and 188 clinical isolates. In addition, 98 nontarget strains were used for specificity testing. The sensitivity and the specificity of the array for the identification of pure cultures were 99.7 and 97.1%, respectively. The array was further assessed for its ability to detect anaerobic bacteria in 49 clinical specimens. Two species (Finegoldia magna and Bacteroides vulgatus) were detected in two specimens by the array, and the results were in accordance with those obtained by culture. The whole procedure of array hybridization took about 8 h, starting with the isolated colonies. The array can be used as an accurate alternative to conventional methods for the identification of clinically important anaerobes.
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Surveillance and trends of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of anaerobes in Kuwait hospitals from 2002 to 2007. Anaerobe 2010; 16:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Marina M, Ivanova M, Kantardjiev T. Antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in Bulgaria. Anaerobe 2009; 15:127-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ng LSY, Kwang LL, Yeow SCS, Tan TY. Anaerobic Culture of Diabetic Foot Infections: Organisms and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2008. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n11p936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is high in Singapore. Infections of the lower limb are significant causes of morbidity in this population. Although the aerobic bacteriology of these infections is well-documented, there is less data available on the anaerobic pathogens involved. This study sets out to describe the anaerobic bacteria associated with diabetic foot infections, and evaluates the susceptibility to 3 antimicrobials with anaerobic activity.
Materials and Methods: Anaerobic culture was performed on operative samples taken from diabetic foot infections. Organisms were identified through standard microbiological methods and commercial identification kits. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to clindamycin, metronidazole and imipenem was performed by agar dilution.
Results: One hundred and two strains of strict anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 30 unique specimens. The predominant anaerobic isolates were Peptostreptococcus spp. (46%) and Bacteroides fragilis group (19%). Antibiotic resistance was detected for clindamycin (18%), metronidazole (1%) and imipenem (2%).
Conclusion: Multiple anaerobic species can be isolated from diabetic foot infections. A significant proportion of isolates are resistant to clindamycin, while resistance to imipenem and metronidazole remains low.
Key words: Anaerobe, Antibiotic resistance, Bacterial
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Increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinically important anaerobes and Bacteroides fragilis isolates causing nosocomial infections: emerging resistance to carbapenems. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:3161-8. [PMID: 18625771 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00355-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports data on the susceptibilities to five commonly used antianaerobic agents of five clinically frequently encountered anaerobes from 2000 to 2007 and to Bacteroides fragilis isolates causing nosocomial infections from 1990 to 2006. There was a trend of decreasing susceptibilities of these anaerobes to ampicillin-sulbactam, cefmetazole, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin with time during the study period. The rates of susceptibility to clindamycin and cefmetazole for all clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis isolates were higher than those of isolates associated with nosocomial infections. The MICs of 207 anaerobic blood isolates collected in 2006 to 14 antimicrobial agents were determined by the agar dilution method. The rates of nonsusceptibility to imipenem and meropenem were 7% and 12% for B. fragilis isolates (n = 60), 7% and 3% for Bacteroides thetaiotamicron isolates (n = 30), 4% and 4% for Fusobacterium species (n = 27), 6% and 0% for Prevotella species (n = 16), 15% and 0% for Clostridium species (n = 28), and 0% and 0% for Peptostreptococcus species (n = 32). The rates of susceptibility to moxifloxacin were 90% for B. fragilis isolates, 87% for B. thetaiotaomicron isolates, 81% for Fusobacterium species, 75% for Prevotella species, 93% for Clostridium species, and 78% for Peptostreptococcus species. Thirty-six percent of Clostridium species and 12% of Peptostreptococcus species were not susceptible to metronidazole. Comparison of the data with the data from a previous survey from the same institute in 2002 revealed higher rates of nonsusceptibility to carbapenems, especially for B. fragilis, Fusobacterium species, and Prevotella species isolates. The high rates of nonsusceptibility to commonly used antianaerobic agents mandate our attention, and periodic monitoring of the trend of the resistance is crucial.
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Resistance trends of the Bacteroides fragilis group over a 10-year period, 1997 to 2006, in Madrid, Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:2686-90. [PMID: 18474575 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00081-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in susceptibilities of Bacteroides fragilis group strains isolated in our hospital from 1997 to 2006 were studied. A total of 1,343 clinical strains were included. The study showed differences in the resistance rates in the different species of the group. Increasing resistance to clindamycin and moxifloxacin was observed. Susceptibility to imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and metronidazole remained unchanged.
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Ambler J, Rennie R, Poupard J, Koeth L, Stass H, Endermann R, Choudhri S. Determination of moxifloxacin anaerobic susceptibility breakpoints according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 61:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gonçalves AM, Menezes Falcão L, Ravara L. [Pulmonary abcess, a revision]. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2008; 14:141-9. [PMID: 18265922 DOI: 10.1016/s0873-2159(15)30223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung abscesses are cavitating lesions containing necrotic debris caused by microbial infection. Patients with chronic lung disease, bronchial obstruction secondary to cancer, a history of aspiration or risk of aspiration caused by alcoholism, altered mental status, structural or physiologic alterations of the pharynx and esophagus, neuromuscular disorders, anesthesia, are among others at higher risk of developing lung abcess. The main bacteriological characteristics, the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis are considered. The problem of antimicrobial resistance is also referred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moura Gonçalves
- Interna do Internato Complementar de Medicina Interna, no Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Guay D. Update on clindamycin in the management of bacterial, fungal and protozoal infections. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007; 8:2401-44. [PMID: 17927492 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.8.14.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lincomycin and clindamycin are the only members of the relatively small lincosamide antimicrobial class marketed for use in humans. This paper only reviews data regarding clindamycin, with an emphasis on data published over the last decade. Clindamycin exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including Gram-positive aerobes/anaerobes, Gram-negative anaerobes and select protozoa (Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, Babesia spp.) and fungi (Pneumocystis jiroveci). It still enjoys use in the therapy and prophylaxis of a large number of bacterial, protozoal and fungal infections, despite > 40 years of clinical use. However, the spectre of resistance by an increasing number of microorganisms is beginning to cast a shadow over the future use of this valuable agent. With the emergence and spread of infections due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (for which clindamycin is a first-line agent), it is hoped that the issues of resistance can be mitigated and the use of clindamycin extended for at least the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Guay
- University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Weaver-Densford Hall 7-148, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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dos Santos SG, Diniz CG, da Silva VL, Souza NC, de Lima FL, Bomfim MRQ, de Carvalho MAR, Farias LM. The influence of molecular oxygen exposure on the biology ofPrevotella intermedia, with emphasis on its antibiotic susceptibility. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 103:882-91. [PMID: 17897190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study focuses on investigating the molecular and physiological characteristics of Prevotella intermedia after molecular oxygen exposure (MOE) and the effect on drug susceptibility patterns. METHODS AND RESULTS Samples of P. intermedia were used as parent strains: ATCC25611 and four clinical isolates. Strains adapted to oxidative stress by MOS were obtained by the enrichment technique. Drug susceptibility was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) using agar dilution. Arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used to evaluate the genetic diversity of all strains and physiological analyses were made by sodiumdodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional electrophoresis of crude, cell-free extracts. The genetic profile showed that lineages with altered MIC values were selected after MOE. Overall, we found significant decrease in drug susceptibility for the aero-strains against all tested antimicrobials (amoxicillin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, ertapenen and metronidazole). We also observed markedly different protein expression patterns between the parent and selected aero-strains. CONCLUSIONS MOE induces changes in the genetic profile and protein expression patterns of P. intermedia that may also be linked to its drug resistance mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The effects of MOE on anaerobic bacterial physiology and behaviour may influence antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with potential consequences to antimicrobial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Boyanova L, Kolarov R, Mitov I. Antimicrobial resistance and the management of anaerobic infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007; 5:685-701. [PMID: 17678430 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.5.4.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Management of anaerobic infections encompasses surgical procedures, antibacterial therapy and adjuncts. At present, metronidazole, penems, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and chloramphenicol have the highest activity against obligate anaerobes. Tigecycline is a promising new agent. Other antibacterials (e.g., nitazoxanide, moxifloxacin, garenoxacin and ramoplanin) and nonantibiotic agents show potential but need further investigation. The patient's characteristics, mixed anaerobic/aerobic infections, infection sites, bacterial resistance patterns, bactericidal activity of agents and their pharmacokinetics, toxicity and influence on the normal flora should be considered. Susceptibility patterns of anaerobes have become less predictable owing to increasing antibacterial resistance. Emergence of highly virulent or multidrug-resistant strains is challenging the current therapy. To counteract these trends, regular resistance surveillance in anaerobes, rational antibiotic use and evaluation of new treatment alternatives are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Boyanova
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Ulger Toprak N, Celik C, Cakici O, Soyletir G. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strains isolated from clinical specimens and human intestinal microbiota. Anaerobe 2007; 10:255-9. [PMID: 16701525 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2003] [Revised: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Species of Bacteroides fragilis group bacteria are the most prevalent pathogens and have the highest resistance rates to antimicrobial agents among anaerobic bacteria. Infections due to these micro-organisms often originate from patient's own intestinal microbiota. The objective of the study was to determine and compare the susceptibility profiles of clinical and intestinal B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron strains against certain antimicrobials. Isolates were identified by conventional methods and API-20 A. Susceptibility tests were performed according to recommendations of NCCLS (M 11-A4) agar dilution methods. Beta-lactamase production was determined with nitrocefin discs. Forty-five clinical isolates (33 B. fragilis and 12 B. thetaiotaomicron) were from following sites: blood (n:8), intra-abdominal abscess (n:7), soft tissue (n:26), and miscellaneous foci of infection (n:4). Fifty B. fragilis and 60 B. thetaiotaomicron isolates from intestinal microbiota of individuals with no history of antimicrobial treatment within last 30 days were also examined. Beta-lactamase production was detected in 93% of clinical and 99% of intestinal isolates. The organisms including intestinal isolates were uniformly susceptible to metronidazole. The MIC90s of other antibiotics and resistance rates of all clinical isolates to those antibiotics were as follows: 256 microg/mL (93%) for ampicillin, 128 microg/mL (13%) for piperacillin, 64 microg/mL (11%) for cefoxitin, 1 microg/mL (2%) for amoxicillin-clavulanate, 0.5 microg/mL (2%) for imipenem, >256 microg/mL (36%) for clindamycin, 8 microg/mL (2%) for chloramphenicol. Intestinal isolates demonstrated similar resistance rates and MIC90s. Metronidazole, imipenem, amoxicillin-clavulanate seem to be effective drugs against these bacteria in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurver Ulger Toprak
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Grisold AJ, Wendelin I, Presterl E, Raggam RB, Masoud L, Badura A, Marth E. In vitro activity of ten antibiotics, including tigecycline, against Bacteroides species in Austria. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26:525-7. [PMID: 17562088 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Grisold
- Institute of Hygiene, Medical University, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Elgouhari H, Othman M, Gerstein WH. Bacteroides fragilis Vertebral Osteomyelitis: Case Report and a Review of the Literature. South Med J 2007; 100:506-11. [PMID: 17534088 DOI: 10.1097/01.smj.0000262587.48592.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To review the presentation of Bacteroides fragilis (B fragilis) spondylodiscitis. METHODS Two investigators independently searched the published English, Spanish and French languages literature through September 2005 using MEDLINE (1966-2005). We included all reported cases of vertebral osteomyelitis or spondylodiscitis caused by B fragilis, not related to sacral decubitus ulcers, in adults (age 16 yr and above). A third author independently reviewed all articles and extracted data for accuracy. The final pool of eligible publications included 11 articles, publication dates ranging from 1978 to 2005. Eight were written in English, two in Spanish, and one in French. RESULTS The age of the patients in this series ranged from 17 to 74 years, with a mean age of 55 years. Male to female ratio was 6:1. Lumbar involvement was reported in nine cases, thoracic involvement in two patients and sacral involvement in one patient. B fragilis was recovered by blood culture in four patients and by tissue culture in eight patients. Metronidazole was the most common antibiotic used for treatment (eight patients), either as monotherapy or in combination with other antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS B fragilis is a rare causative agent of spondylodiscitis, but it should be considered in patients with spondylodiscitis who have contiguous intraabdominal or pelvic infections or who had recent gastrointestinal procedures that may have led to B fragilis bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Elgouhari
- University of New Mexico and New Mexico Veteran's Administration Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108-5154, USA
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Hsueh PR, Hawkey PM. Consensus statement on antimicrobial therapy of intra-abdominal infections in Asia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 30:129-33. [PMID: 17467246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The selection of antimicrobial agents in the 2006 Guidelines (consensus statement) on Empiric Therapy for Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections (IAIs) in Asia was based on resistance and epidemiological data from the Asian region. In these 2006 guidelines, single agent therapy using the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors ampicillin/sulbactam or cefoperazone-sulbactam is recommended for mild-to-moderate cases, while piperacillin-tazobactam is recommended for high-severity cases. When using carbapenems, ertapenem is recommended for mild-to-moderate cases, while imipenem and meropenem are recommended for high-severity cases. For combination regimes, two types of agents are recommended: cephalosporin-based and monobactam-based. For mild-to-moderate cases, a third generation cephalosporin plus metronidazole is recommended. For high-severity cases, a third or fourth generation cephalosporin plus metronidazole+/-amikacin is recommended. For the monobactam-based regimen, aztreonam plus metronidazole is recommended for high-severity cases only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ren Hsueh
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Katsandri A, Papaparaskevas J, Pantazatou A, Petrikkos GL, Thomopoulos G, Houhoula DP, Avlamis A. Two cases of infections due to multidrug-resistant Bacteroides fragilis group strains. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3465-7. [PMID: 16954304 PMCID: PMC1594666 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00316-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis group strains are still considered susceptible to most antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of infections caused by anaerobic organisms. We describe two cases of infections due to isolates simultaneously resistant to clindamycin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and imipenem and, in one of the two cases, to metronidazole. Such infections, although still rare, do exist and tend to complicate treatment.
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Miragliotta G, Del Gaudio T, Tajani E, Mosca A. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in posthysterectomy infection. Anaerobe 2006; 12:276-8. [PMID: 16965924 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with clinically significant vaginal posthysterectomy infection due to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The microorganism isolated from the vaginal cuff abscess was beta-lactamase producer and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern showed its resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam and cefoxitin, while the susceptibility to amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid, metronidazole, and the newer fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Miragliotta
- Section of Microbiology, Department MIDIM, University of Bari, Policlinico Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Kasatpibal N, Nørgaard M, Sørensen HT, Schønheyder HC, Jamulitrat S, Chongsuvivatwong V. Risk of surgical site infection and efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis: a cohort study of appendectomy patients in Thailand. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6:111. [PMID: 16836755 PMCID: PMC1553447 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No data currently exist about use of antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections (SSI) among patients undergoing appendectomy in Thailand. We therefore examined risk factors, use, and efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for surgical site infection SSI among patients with uncomplicated open appendectomy. Methods From July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004 we conducted a prospective cohort study in eight hospitals in Thailand. We used the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) system criteria to identify SSI associated with appendectomy. We used logistic regression analysis to obtain relative risk estimates for predictors of SSI. Results Among 2139 appendectomy patients, we identified 26 SSIs, yielding a SSI rate of 1.2 infections/100 operations. Ninety-two percent of all patients (95% CI, 91.0–93.3) received antibiotic prophylaxis. Metronidazole and gentamicin were the two most common antibiotic agents, with a combined single dose administered in 39% of cases. In 54% of cases, antibiotic prophylaxis was administered for one day. We found that a prolonged duration of operation was significantly associated with an increased SSI risk. Antibiotic prophylaxis was significantly associated with a decreased risk of SSI regardless of whether the antibiotic was administered preoperatively or intraoperatively. Compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis, SSI relative risks for combined single-dose of metronidazole and gentamicin, one-day prophylaxis, and multiple-day antibiotic prophylaxis were 0.28 (0.09–0.90), 0.30 (0.11–0.88) and 0.32 (0.10–0.98), respectively. Conclusion Single-dose combination of metronidazole and gentamicin seems sufficient to reduce SSIs in uncomplicated appendicitis patients despite whether the antibiotic was administered preoperatively or intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongyao Kasatpibal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg and Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mette Nørgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg and Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg and Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Carl Schønheyder
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Silom Jamulitrat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Katsandri A, Avlamis A, Pantazatou A, Petrikkos GL, Legakis NJ, Papaparaskevas J. In vitro activities of tigecycline against recently isolated Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in Greece, including metronidazole-resistant strains. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 55:231-6. [PMID: 16626904 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro activity of tigecycline was compared with those of benzylpenicillin, piperacillin + tazobactam, cefoxitin, imipenem, metronidazole, clindamycin, and tetracycline against 249 Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria (158 Bacteroides fragilis group, 27 non-fragilis Bacteroides spp., 44 Prevotella spp., and 20 miscellaneous), recently isolated from 8 general hospitals in Athens, Greece. Overall tigecycline MIC(50) and MIC(90) were 0.25 and 2 mg/L, respectively, whereas B. fragilis group MIC(50) and MIC(90) were 0.5 and 4 mg/L, respectively. In total, 93% of the isolates were susceptible to tigecycline (MIC </= 4 mg/L) and no high-level resistance (MIC >/= 32 mg/L) was detected. In addition, tigecycline exhibited good activity against metronidazole- and tetracycline-resistant isolates (MIC(90), 0.5 and 8 mg/L, respectively). In summary, tigecycline exhibits good in vitro activity against Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria isolated in Greece, as well as stability to the most common occurring resistance mechanisms, attributes that make this parenteral agent an attractive alternative for use against infections involving these microorganisms.
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Schiza S, Siafakas NM. Clinical presentation and management of empyema, lung abscess and pleural effusion. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2006; 12:205-11. [PMID: 16582676 DOI: 10.1097/01.mcp.0000219270.73180.8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pleural effusions, lung abscess and empyema remain a commonly encountered clinical problem and a significant source of morbidity. The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments with emphasis on controlled trials. RECENT FINDINGS There is wide variation in the management of infectious pleural effusions, partly because of the relative lack of randomized controlled trials. The recent MRC/BTS UK controlled trial of interapleural streptokinase for pleural infection assessed the efficacy of intrapleural streptokinase compared with placebo in complicated parapneumonic effusions. The study showed no difference in the primary end point, mortality, or in the need for surgery or length of the hospital stay among patients with pleural infection. The first large report published for over a decade has suggested that the bacteriological characteristics of lung abscess have changed. SUMMARY The major recent development in the management of pleural infections is the finding that we should dampen the ardor for the routine use of fibrinolytic agents in all patients with pleural infections. We strongly recommend the necessity for additional, well-designed trials to help determine optimal care for these seriously ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Schiza
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Toprak NU, Güllüoğlu BM, Cakici O, Akin ML, Demirkalem P, Celenk T, Söyletir G. Do antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of colonic isolates of Bacteroides species change after antibiotic prophylaxis with cefoxitine during elective abdominal surgery? World J Surg 2006; 29:1311-5. [PMID: 16142428 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-005-7961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to investigate and compare the susceptibility profiles of preoperative and postoperative intestinal Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strains against antimicrobials to evaluate their resistance development patterns due to prophylactic antibiotic administration. Preoperative and postoperative stool samples were obtained from patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with a "clean-contaminated" wound categorization. All patients received cefoxitin 2 g as prophylaxis. Isolates of Bacteroides species were identified. Susceptibility tests against ampicillin, piperacillin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, imipenem, and amoxicillin-clavulanate were performed. Stool samples were collected from 40 patients at two settings: before and after the operation. Most of the patients (53%) were operated on because of colorectal carcinoma and underwent surgery that included colectomy or anterior resection. Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were isolated in both samples obtained from 22 and 34 patients, respectively. In the present study 95% to 100%, 50% to 74%, 46% to 64%, and 18% to 35% of preoperatively isolated Bacteroides species were resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and piperacillin, respectively. Although there were no statistically significant difference, postoperative strains were more resistant than preoperative isolates, and the resistance rates were found to be 95% to 100%, 55% to 82%, 46% to 86%, and 37% to 41%, respectively. Both Bacteroides species isolated from all specimens before and after the surgery were uniformly susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, imipenem, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol.Our data revealed that Bacteroides strains revealed high resistance to ampicillin, cefoxitin, piperacillin, and clindamycin. Metronidazole, imipenem, and amoxicillin-clavulanate seem highly effective against both Bacteroides species. Cefoxitin prophylaxis did not significantly increase the resistance patterns against antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurver Ulger Toprak
- Department of Microbiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Tophanelioglu cad 13-15, Altunizade, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
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