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Pereyre S, Hénin N, Dolzy A, Guiraud J, Laurier-Nadalié C, Gardette M, Bébéar C. Evaluation of commercial, customized microdilution plates for Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis antimicrobial susceptibility testing and determination of antimicrobial resistance prevalence in France. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0022624. [PMID: 38832769 PMCID: PMC11324033 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00226-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of human mycoplasmas using microdilution is time-consuming. In this study, we compared the performance of MICRONAUT-S plates (Biocentric-Bruker) designed for AST of Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis with the results using the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference method. Then, we investigated the prevalence and mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in France in 2020 and 2021. The two methods were compared using 60 strains. For the resistance prevalence study, U. parvum-, U. urealyticum-, and M. hominis-positive clinical specimens were collected for 1 month each year in 22 French diagnostic laboratories. MICs were determined using the MICRONAUT-S plates. The tet(M) gene was screened using PCR, and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations were screened using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Comparing the methods, 99.5% (679/680) MICs obtained using the MICRONAUT-S plates concurred with those obtained using the CLSI reference method. For 90 M. hominis isolates, the tetracycline, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin resistance rates were 11.1%, 2.2%, and 2.2%, respectively, with no clindamycin resistance. For 248 U. parvum isolates, the levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistance rates were 5.2% and 0.8%, respectively; they were 2.9% and 1.5% in 68 U. urealyticum isolates. Tetracycline resistance in U. urealyticum (11.8%) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in U. parvum (1.2%). No macrolide resistance was observed. Overall, the customized MICRONAUT-S plates are a reliable, convenient tool for AST of human mycoplasmas. Tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance remain limited in France. However, the prevalence of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistance has increased significantly in Ureaplasma spp. from 2010 to 2015 and requires monitoring. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of human urogenital mycoplasmas using the CLSI reference broth microdilution method is time-consuming and requires the laborious preparation of antimicrobial stock solutions. Here, we validated the use of reliable, convenient plates designed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing that allows the simultaneous determination of the MICs of eight antibiotics of interest. We then investigated the prevalence and mechanisms of resistance of each of these bacteria to tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in France in 2020 and 2021. We showed that the prevalence of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistance has increased significantly in Ureaplasma spp. from 2010 to 2015 and requires ongoing monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pereyre
- UMR 5234 Fundamental
Microbiology and Pathogenicity, CNRS, University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux,
France
- Bacteriology
Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted
Infections, Bordeaux,
France
| | - Nadège Hénin
- UMR 5234 Fundamental
Microbiology and Pathogenicity, CNRS, University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux,
France
- Bacteriology
Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted
Infections, Bordeaux,
France
| | - Amandine Dolzy
- Bacteriology
Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted
Infections, Bordeaux,
France
| | - Jennifer Guiraud
- UMR 5234 Fundamental
Microbiology and Pathogenicity, CNRS, University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux,
France
- Bacteriology
Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted
Infections, Bordeaux,
France
| | - Cécile Laurier-Nadalié
- Bacteriology
Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted
Infections, Bordeaux,
France
| | - Marie Gardette
- Bacteriology
Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted
Infections, Bordeaux,
France
| | - Cécile Bébéar
- UMR 5234 Fundamental
Microbiology and Pathogenicity, CNRS, University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux,
France
- Bacteriology
Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted
Infections, Bordeaux,
France
| | - for the investigator group
- UMR 5234 Fundamental
Microbiology and Pathogenicity, CNRS, University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux,
France
- Bacteriology
Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted
Infections, Bordeaux,
France
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Araújo IM, Pereira RLS, de Araújo ACJ, Gonçalves SA, Tintino SR, Oliveira-Tintino CDDM, de Menezes IRA, Salamoni R, Begnini IM, Rebelo RA, Silva LED, Gurgel APAD, Coutinho HDM. Meldrum's acid derivates are MepA efflux pump inhibitors: In vitro and in silico essays. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300558. [PMID: 38110852 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Efflux pumps are proteins capable of expelling antibiotics from bacterial cells, have emerged as a major mechanism of bacterial resistance. In the ongoing pursuit to overcome and reduce bacterial resistance, novel substances are being explored as potential efflux pump inhibitors. Meldrum's acid, a synthetic molecule widely studied for its role in synthesizing bioactive compounds, holds promise in this regard. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of three derivatives of Meldrum's acid and assess their ability to inhibit efflux mechanisms, employing both in silico and in vitro approaches. The antibacterial activity of the derivatives was assessed using a broth microdilution testing method. Surprisingly, the derivatives did not exhibit direct antibacterial activity on their own. However, they displayed a significant effect in enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics, suggesting a potential role in potentiating their effects. Furthermore, fluorescence emission assays using ethidium bromide indicated that the derivatives could potentially block efflux pumps, as they exhibited fluorescence levels comparable to the positive control. To further investigate their inhibitory capacity, molecular docking studies were conducted in silico, revealing binding interactions similar to ciprofloxacin and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone, known efflux pump inhibitors. These findings highlight the potential of Meldrum's acid derivatives as effective inhibitors of efflux pumps. By targeting these mechanisms, the derivatives offer a promising avenue to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics and combat bacterial resistance. This study underscores the importance of exploring novel strategies in the fight against bacterial resistance and provides valuable insights into the potential of Meldrum's acid derivatives as efflux pump inhibitors. Further research and exploration in this field are warranted to fully exploit their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Moura Araújo
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Salamoni
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), Itoupava Seca, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Iêda Maria Begnini
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), Itoupava Seca, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Rebelo
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), Itoupava Seca, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Nagy EZ, Kovács ÁB, Wehmann E, Bekő K, Földi D, Bányai K, Kreizinger Z, Gyuranecz M. Phenotypic and genetic insights into efflux pump mechanism in Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1216893. [PMID: 37502405 PMCID: PMC10371760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis is one of the most important waterfowl-pathogenic mycoplasmas. Due to inadequate antibiotic treatment, many strains with high minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for multiple drugs have been isolated lately. Decreased antibiotic susceptibility in several Mycoplasma species are known to be associated with mutations in topoisomerase and ribosomal genes, but other strategies such as active efflux pump mechanisms were also described. The scope of this study was the phenotypic and genetic characterization of the active efflux mechanism in M. anserisalpingitidis. Methods We measured the MIC values in the presence and absence of different efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), such as carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazine (CCCP), orthovanadate (OV), and reserpine (RSP). Moreover, bioinformatic tools were utilized to detect putative regulatory sequences of membrane transport proteins coding genes, while comparative genome analysis was performed to reveal potential markers of antibiotic resistance. Results Out of the three examined EPIs, CCCP decreased the MICs at least two-fold below the original MICs (in 23 cases out of 36 strains). In the presence of OV or RSP, MIC value differences could be seen only if modified dilution series (10% decrease steps were used instead of two-fold dilutions) were applied (in 24/36 cases with OV and 9/36 with RSP). During comparative genome analysis, non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) were identified in genes encoding ABC membrane transport proteins, which were displayed in higher percentages in M. anserisalpingitidis strains with increased MICs. In terms of other genes, a nsSNP was identified in DNA gyrase subunit A (gyrA) gene which can be related to decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin. The present study is the first to highlight the importance of efflux pump mechanisms in M. anserisalpingitidis. Discussion Considering the observed effects of the EPI CCCP against this bacterium, it can be assumed, that the use of EPIs would increase the efficiency of targeted antibiotic therapy in the future control of this pathogen. However, further research is required to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of efflux pump mechanism in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Zsófia Nagy
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Botond Kovács
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Wehmann
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katinka Bekő
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Földi
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Kreizinger
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- MolliScience Kft., Biatorbágy, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
- MolliScience Kft., Biatorbágy, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Pereyre S, Tardy F. Integrating the Human and Animal Sides of Mycoplasmas Resistance to Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1216. [PMID: 34680797 PMCID: PMC8532757 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma infections are frequent in humans, as well as in a broad range of animals. However, antimicrobial treatment options are limited, partly due to the lack of a cell wall in these peculiar bacteria. Both veterinary and human medicines are facing increasing resistance prevalence for the most commonly used drugs, despite different usage practices. To date, very few reviews have integrated knowledge on resistance to antimicrobials in humans and animals, the latest dating back to 2014. To fill this gap, we examined, in parallel, antimicrobial usage, resistance mechanisms and either phenotype or genotype-based methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, as well as epidemiology of resistance of the most clinically relevant human and animal mycoplasma species. This review unveiled common features and differences that need to be taken into consideration in a "One Health" perspective. Lastly, two examples of critical cases of multiple drug resistance are highlighted, namely, the human M. genitalium and the animal M. bovis species, both of which can lead to the threat of untreatable infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pereyre
- USC EA 3671, Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Bacteriology Department, National Reference Center for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Tardy
- UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Anses, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
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Tatay-Dualde J, Prats-van der Ham M, Gaurivaud P, de la Fe C, Tardy F. Efflux Might Participate in Decreased Susceptibility to Oxytetracycline in Contagious Agalactia-Causative Mycoplasma spp. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082449. [PMID: 34438907 PMCID: PMC8388784 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious agalactia is associated with mastitis, keratoconjunctivitis, arthritis, pneumonia, and septicemia in small ruminants in countries with large dairy industries worldwide. The causative agents belong to four (sub)species of the Mycoplasma genus that have remained essentially susceptible to antimicrobials, including to the widely-used tetracycline family. However, some clinical isolates have been detected that show increased minimum inhibitory concentrations of tetracyclines, although they do not harbor the mutation in the 16SrRNA gene usually associated with resistance. The present work aimed to assess whether efflux pumps, infrequently described in mycoplasmas, could participate in the observed moderate loss of susceptibility. General efflux mechanisms were measured (i) using the fluorescence property of ethidium bromide when accumulated intracellularly and intercalated in the mycoplasma genomes, its active extrusion resulting in a temperature-dependent decrease in fluorescence and (ii) monitoring the growth inhibition of mycoplasmas by subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline with or without reserpine, a known inhibitor of efflux in other bacteria. Both methods revealed non-specific efflux phenomena in most of the isolates tested, although their efficacy was difficult to quantify. This property could contribute to the acquisition of mutations conferring resistance by maintaining intracellular concentrations of tetracyclines at subinhibitory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tatay-Dualde
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo s/n, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.T.-D.); (M.P.-v.d.H.); (C.d.l.F.)
| | - Miranda Prats-van der Ham
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo s/n, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.T.-D.); (M.P.-v.d.H.); (C.d.l.F.)
| | - Patrice Gaurivaud
- UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Anses, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France;
| | - Christian de la Fe
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo s/n, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.T.-D.); (M.P.-v.d.H.); (C.d.l.F.)
| | - Florence Tardy
- UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Anses, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-78696843
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6
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Kaur UJ, Chopra A, Preet S, Raj K, Kondepudi KK, Gupta V, Rishi P. Potential of 1-(1-napthylmethyl)-piperazine, an efflux pump inhibitor against cadmium-induced multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi as an adjunct to antibiotics. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1303-1313. [PMID: 33851343 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was focused on elucidating inhibition of antibiotic efflux mechanism of cadmium adapted (CdA) Salmonella Typhi Ty2 cells. Herein, upregulated expression of efflux genes (acrB, tolC) and their regulators (soxS, marA) was observed in CdA Ty2 cells by qRT-PCR. The pathogen further elevated the expression of these genes even in the presence of three efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), i.e., Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide, 1-(1-naphthyl-methyl)piperazine, and 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, perhaps by sensing the pressure of the latter in addition to cadmium stress. Interaction of different EPIs with efflux pumps of CdA Ty2 cells was confirmed using ethidium bromide (EtBr) accumulation and efflux assay. All the EPIs could cause retention of EtBr which was indicated by increased fluorescence units. Considering this potential of EPIs, retention of antibiotics was evaluated in CdA Ty2 cells wherein EPIs were used in combination with selected antibiotics (instead of EtBr). A decrease in the effective concentration of antibiotics was observed. This was further validated using the clinical isolates. The data revealed the efficiency of EPIs as they could inhibit the efflux potential of even the overexpressed efflux pumps. Thus, combination of EPI(s)-antibiotics may be exploited in future as one of the strategies for combating metal induced antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Jit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Khem Raj
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Varsha Gupta
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector- 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Oliveira-Tintino CDDM, Muniz DF, Barbosa CRDS, Pereira RLS, Begnini IM, Rebelo RA, Silva LED, Mireski SL, Nasato MC, Krautler MIL, Pereira PS, Costa JGMD, Rodrigues FFG, Teixeira AMR, Ribeiro-Filho J, Tintino SR, de Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Silva TGD. The 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides are NorA efflux pump inhibitors. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 24:233-240. [PMID: 33385589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Efflux pumps are transmembrane proteins associated with bacterial resistance mechanisms. Bacteria use these proteins to actively transport antibiotics to the extracellular medium, preventing the pharmacological action of these drugs. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial activity of 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides, as well as their ability to inhibit efflux systems of Staphylococcus aureus strains expressing different levels of the NorA efflux pump. METHODS The broth microdilution test was performed to assess antibacterial activity. Efflux pump inhibition was evaluated in silico by molecular docking and in vitro by fluorometric tests, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The MIC was determined in the association between 1,8-naphthyridine and norfloxacin or ethidium bromide. RESULTS The 1,8-naphthyridines did not show direct antibacterial activity. However, they effectively reduced the MIC of multidrug-resistant bacteria by associating with norfloxacin and ethidium bromide, in addition to increasing the fluorescence emission. In silico analysis addressing the binding between NorA and 1,8-naphthyridines suggests that hydrogen bonds and hydrophilic interactions represent the interactions with the most favourable binding energy, corroborating the experimental data. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides inhibit bacterial resistance through molecular mechanisms associated with inhibition of the NorA efflux pump in S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Débora Feitosa Muniz
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Raimundo Luiz Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Iêda Maria Begnini
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau, FURB, Itoupava Seca, 89030-903, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Rebelo
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau, FURB, Itoupava Seca, 89030-903, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiz Everson da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Sustainable Territorial Development, Coastal Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandro Lucio Mireski
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau, FURB, Itoupava Seca, 89030-903, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Caroline Nasato
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau, FURB, Itoupava Seca, 89030-903, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Silvino Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmatoxicological Prospecting of Bioactive Products, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Galberto Martins da Costa
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Magno Rodrigues Teixeira
- Laboratory of simulations and molecular spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, IGM-Fiocruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmatoxicological Prospecting of Bioactive Products, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Chernova OA, Chernov VM, Mouzykantov AA, Baranova NB, Edelstein IA, Aminov RI. Antimicrobial drug resistance mechanisms among Mollicutes. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 57:106253. [PMID: 33264670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Representatives of the Mollicutes class are the smallest, wall-less bacteria capable of independent reproduction. They are widespread in nature, most are commensals, and some are pathogens of humans, animals and plants. They are also the main contaminants of cell cultures and vaccine preparations. Despite limited biosynthetic capabilities, they are highly adaptable and capable of surviving under various stress and extreme conditions, including antimicrobial selective pressure. This review describes current understanding of antibiotic resistance (ABR) mechanisms in Mollicutes. Protective mechanisms in these bacteria include point mutations, which may include non-target genes, and unique gene exchange mechanisms, contributing to transfer of ABR genes. Better understanding of the mechanisms of emergence and dissemination of ABR in Mollicutes is crucial to control these hypermutable bacteria and prevent the occurrence of highly ABR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Chernova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Centre of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav M Chernov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Centre of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Mouzykantov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Centre of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya B Baranova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Centre of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Inna A Edelstein
- Smolensk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Smolensk, Russian Federation
| | - Rustam I Aminov
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.
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Kolesnikova EA, Brusnigina NF, Makhova MA, Alekseeva AE. The Genome Structure of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Mycoplasma Hominis Clinical Isolates. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:56-62. [PMID: 32477599 PMCID: PMC7245959 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome structure of three ciprofloxacin-resistant Mycoplasma hominis clinical isolates was studied using next-generation sequencing on the Illumina platform. The protein sequences of the studied Mycoplasma strains were found to have a high degree of homology. Mycoplasma hominis (M45, M57, MH1866) was shown to have limited biosynthetic capabilities, associated with the predominance of the genes encoding the proteins involved in catabolic processes. Multiple single-nucleotide substitutions causing intraspecific polymorphism of Mycoplasma hominis were found. The genes encoding the efflux systems - ABC transporters (the ATP-binding cassette superfamily) and proteins of the MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) family - were identified. The molecular mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance of the Mycoplasma hominis M45 and M57 isolates was found to be associated with the Ser83Leu substitution in DNA gyrase subunit A. In the Mycoplasma hominis MH1866 isolate it was related to the Lys144Arg substitution in topoisomerase IV subunit A.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Kolesnikova
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Customers Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950 Russia
| | - N. F. Brusnigina
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Customers Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950 Russia
| | - M. A. Makhova
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Customers Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950 Russia
| | - A. E. Alekseeva
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Customers Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950 Russia
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10
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Chernov VM, Chernova OA, Mouzykantov AA, Medvedeva ES, Baranova NB, Malygina TY, Aminov RI, Trushin MV. Antimicrobial resistance in mollicutes: known and newly emerging mechanisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:5057471. [PMID: 30052940 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in mollicutes (class Bacilli, subclass Mollicutes), the smallest self-replicating bacteria, that can cause diseases in plants, animals and humans, and also contaminate cell cultures and vaccine preparations. Research in this area has been mainly based on the ubiquitous mollicute and the main contaminant of cell cultures, Acholeplasma laidlawii. The omics technologies applied to this and other bacteria have yielded a complex picture of responses to antimicrobials, including their removal from the cell, the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes and mutations that potentially allow global reprogramming of many cellular processes. This review provides a brief summary of well-known resistance mechanisms that have been demonstrated in several mollicutes species and, in more detail, novel mechanisms revealed in A. laidlawii, including the least explored vesicle-mediated transfer of short RNAs with a regulatory potency. We hope that this review highlights new avenues for further studies on antimicrobial resistance in these bacteria for both a basic science and an application perspective of infection control and management in clinical and research/production settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav M Chernov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.,Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Chernova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.,Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Mouzykantov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.,Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Elena S Medvedeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.,Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia B Baranova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.,Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Y Malygina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Rustam I Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim V Trushin
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation
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11
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Abstract
Mycoplasmas are intrinsically resistant to antimicrobials targeting the cell wall (fosfomycin, glycopeptides, or β-lactam antibiotics) and to sulfonamides, first-generation quinolones, trimethoprim, polymixins, and rifampicin. The antibiotics most frequently used to control mycoplasmal infections in animals are macrolides and tetracyclines. Lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, pleuromutilins, phenicols, and aminoglycosides can also be active. Standardization of methods used for determination of susceptibility levels is difficult since no quality control strains are available and because of species-specific growth requirements. Reduced susceptibility levels or resistances to several families of antimicrobials have been reported in field isolates of pathogenic Mycoplasma species of major veterinary interest: M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae in poultry; M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, and M. hyosynoviae in swine; M. bovis in cattle; and M. agalactiae in small ruminants. The highest resistances are observed for macrolides, followed by tetracyclines. Most strains remain susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Pleuromutilins are the most effective antibiotics in vitro. Resistance frequencies vary according to the Mycoplasma species but also according to the countries or groups of animals from which the samples were taken. Point mutations in the target genes of different antimicrobials have been identified in resistant field isolates, in vitro-selected mutants, or strains reisolated after an experimental infection followed by one or several treatments: DNA-gyrase and topoisomerase IV for fluoroquinolones; 23S rRNA for macrolides, lincosamides, pleuromutilins, and amphenicols; 16S rRNAs for tetracyclines and aminoglycosides. Further work should be carried out to determine and harmonize specific breakpoints for animal mycoplasmas so that in vitro information can be used to provide advice on selection of in vivo treatments.
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12
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Prats-van der Ham M, Tatay-Dualde J, Ambroset C, De la Fe C, Tardy F. The moderate drift towards less tetracycline-susceptible isolates of contagious agalactia causative agents might result from different molecular mechanisms. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:39-46. [PMID: 29885799 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contagious agalactia is a mycoplasmosis that affects small ruminants, is associated with loss of milk production and high morbidity rates, and is highly deleterious to dairy industries. The etiological agents are four mycoplasma (sub)species, of which the relative importance depends on the countries and the animal host. Tetracyclines are non-expensive, broad-spectrum antimicrobials and are often used to control mastitis in dairy herds. However, the in vitro efficiency of tetracyclines against each of the etiological agents of contagious agalactia has been poorly assessed. The aims of this study were i) to compare the tetracycline susceptibilities of various field isolates, belonging to different mycoplasma (sub)species and subtypes, collected over the years from different clinical contexts in France or Spain, and ii) to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the decreased susceptibility of some isolates to tetracyclines. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of tetracyclines were determined in vitro on a set of 120 isolates. Statistical analyses were run to define the significance of any observed differences in MICs distribution. As mutations in the genes encoding the tetracycline targets (rrs loci) are most often associated with increased tetracycline MICs in animal mycoplasmas, these genes were sequenced. The loss of susceptibility to tetracyclines after year 2010 is not significant and recent MICs are higher in M. agalactiae, especially isolates from mastitis cases, than in other etiological agents of contagious agalactia. The observed increases in MICs were not always associated with mutations in the rrs alleles which suggests the existence of other resistance mechanisms yet to be deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prats-van der Ham
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J Tatay-Dualde
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - C Ambroset
- VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Marcy-L'étoile, France; Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Lyon, France
| | - C De la Fe
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - F Tardy
- VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Marcy-L'étoile, France; Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Lyon, France.
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13
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Liu D, Hu Y, Guo Y, Zhu Z, Lu B, Wang X, Huang Y. Mycoplasma-associated multidrug resistance of hepatocarcinoma cells requires the interaction of P37 and Annexin A2. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184578. [PMID: 28976984 PMCID: PMC5627893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma infection has been reported to be associated with cancer migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as the resistance to nucleoside analogues chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we found that the sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells to Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and Mitoxantrone was increased by mycoplasma elimination. Similar to the effect of anti-mycoplasma agent, interrupting the interaction between Mycoplasma hyorhinis membrane protein P37 and Annexin A2 of host cells using the N-terminal of ANXA2 polypeptide enhanced the sensitivity of HCC97L cells to Gemcitabine and Mitoxantrone. Meanwhile, we did not observe any changes in expression or distribution of multidrug resistance associated transporters, ATP-Binding Cassette protein B1, C1 and G2, on the removal of mycoplasma. These results suggest that mycoplasma induces a resistance to multiple drugs in hepatocarcinoma cells which required the interaction of P37 and Annexin A2. The pathway downstream this interaction needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingzheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XW)
| | - Yijun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XW)
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14
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Chernova O, Medvedeva E, Mouzykantov A, Baranova N, Chernov V. Mycoplasmas and Their Antibiotic Resistance: The Problems and Prospects in Controlling Infections. Acta Naturae 2016; 8:24-34. [PMID: 27437137 PMCID: PMC4947986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review discusses the problem of controlling mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes), the smallest of self-replicating prokaryotes, parasites of higher eukaryotes, and main contaminants of cell cultures and vaccines. Possible mechanisms for the rapid development of resistance to antimicrobial drugs in mycoplasmas have been analyzed. Omics technologies provide new opportunities for investigating the molecular basis of bacterial adaptation to stress factors and identifying resistomes, the total of all genes and their products contributing to antibiotic resistance in microbes. The data obtained using an integrated approach with post-genomics methods show that antibiotic resistance may be caused by more complex processes than has been believed heretofore. The development of antibiotic resistance in mycoplasmas is associated with essential changes in the genome, proteome, and secretome profiles, which involve many genes and proteins related to fundamental cellular processes and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.A. Chernova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - E.S. Medvedeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - A.A. Mouzykantov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - N.B. Baranova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - V.M. Chernov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
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15
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Alterations in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates and Laboratory-Derived Mutants of Mycoplasma bovis: Not All Genotypes May Be Equal. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:1060-1068. [PMID: 26637606 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03280-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is considered a major contributor to respiratory diseases in young cattle. Resistant M. bovis isolates have increasingly been reported worldwide due to extensive use of antimicrobials to treat bovine pneumonia. The frequency of isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones varies considerably from one country to another. The MICs of isolates collected in France have only increased from "very low" to "low." The present study was conducted to investigate whether alterations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) could account for this slight modification in susceptibility. No correlation between QRDR alterations and increased MICs was evidenced in clinical isolates. In addition, all clinical isolates were subtyped, and the tendencies of the different sequence types to develop resistance through mutations in QRDRs under selective pressure in vitro were examined. In vitro, 3 hot spots for mutations in QRDRs (position 83 in GyrA and positions 80 and 84 in ParC) were associated with a high level of resistance when cumulated. We showed that the point mutations in the QRDRs observed in vitro were different (in location and selection rapidity) between the different subtypes. Our in vitro observations were corroborated by the recent detection of a clinical isolate highly resistant to fluoroquinolones (MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml) and belonging to the subtype which easily accumulates QRDR alterations in vitro. The current increased prevalence of this subtype in clinical isolates highlights the urgent need to control fluoroquinolone usage in veterinary medicine.
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16
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Antunes NT, Assunção P, Poveda JB, Tavío MM. Mechanisms involved in quinolone resistance in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. Vet J 2015; 204:327-32. [PMID: 25951987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri is a causative agent of contagious agalactia in goats. In this study, M. mycoides subsp. capri mutants were selected for resistance to fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) by serial passes in broth with increasing concentrations of antibiotic. Mutations conferring cross-resistance to the three fluoroquinolones were found in the quinolone resistance determining regions of the four genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Different mutations in the DNA gyrase GyrA subunit suggest a different mechanism of inhibition between norfloxacin and the other tested fluoroquinolones. The presence of an adenosine triphosphate-dependent efflux system was suggested through the use of the inhibitor orthovanadate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno T Antunes
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain.
| | - Patrícia Assunção
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - José B Poveda
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - María M Tavío
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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17
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Chernov VM, Chernova OA, Sanchez-Vega JT, Kolpakov AI, Ilinskaya ON. Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures: Vesicular Traffic in Bacteria and Control over Infectious Agents. Acta Naturae 2014; 6:41-51. [PMID: 25349713 PMCID: PMC4207559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures are subject to contamination either with cells of other cultures or with microorganisms, including fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures is of particular importance. Since cell cultures are used for the production of vaccines and physiologically active compounds, designing a system for controlling contaminants becomes topical for fundamental science and biotechnological production. The discovery of extracellular membrane vesicles in mycoplasmas makes it necessary to take into consideration the bacterial vesicular traffic in systems designed for controlling infectious agents. The extracellular vesicles of bacteria mediate the traffic of proteins and genes, participate in cell-to-cell interactions, as well as in the pathogenesis and development of resistance to antibiotics. The present review discusses the features of mycoplasmas, their extracellular vesicles, and the interaction between contaminants and eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, it provides an analysis of the problems associated with modern methods of diagnosis and eradication of mycoplasma contamination from cell cultures and prospects for their solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Chernov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/3, 1420111, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - O. A. Chernova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/3, 1420111, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - A. I. Kolpakov
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
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18
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Boncoeur E, Durmort C, Bernay B, Ebel C, Di Guilmi AM, Croizé J, Vernet T, Jault JM. PatA and PatB Form a Functional Heterodimeric ABC Multidrug Efflux Transporter Responsible for the Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to Fluoroquinolones. Biochemistry 2012; 51:7755-65. [DOI: 10.1021/bi300762p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Boncoeur
- Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Institut de Biologie Structurale,
Grenoble, France, CNRS, Institut de Biologie
Structurale, Grenoble, France, and CEA,
Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Durmort
- Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Institut de Biologie Structurale,
Grenoble, France, CNRS, Institut de Biologie
Structurale, Grenoble, France, and CEA,
Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoît Bernay
- Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Institut de Biologie Structurale,
Grenoble, France, CNRS, Institut de Biologie
Structurale, Grenoble, France, and CEA,
Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Ebel
- Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Institut de Biologie Structurale,
Grenoble, France, CNRS, Institut de Biologie
Structurale, Grenoble, France, and CEA,
Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Marie Di Guilmi
- Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Institut de Biologie Structurale,
Grenoble, France, CNRS, Institut de Biologie
Structurale, Grenoble, France, and CEA,
Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Croizé
- Unité de bactériologie, CHU la Tronche, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Vernet
- Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Institut de Biologie Structurale,
Grenoble, France, CNRS, Institut de Biologie
Structurale, Grenoble, France, and CEA,
Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Michel Jault
- Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Institut de Biologie Structurale,
Grenoble, France, CNRS, Institut de Biologie
Structurale, Grenoble, France, and CEA,
Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
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19
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Barabote RD, Thekkiniath J, Strauss RE, Vediyappan G, Fralick JA, San Francisco MJ. Xenobiotic efflux in bacteria and fungi: a genomics update. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 77:237-306. [PMID: 21692371 DOI: 10.1002/9780470920541.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi D Barabote
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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20
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Antifungal resistance mechanisms in dermatophytes. Mycopathologia 2008; 166:369-83. [PMID: 18478356 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although fungi do not cause outbreaks or pandemics, the incidence of severe systemic fungal infections has increased significantly, mainly because of the explosive growth in the number of patients with compromised immune system. Thus, drug resistance in pathogenic fungi, including dermatophytes, is gaining importance. The molecular aspects involved in the resistance of dermatophytes to marketed antifungals and other cytotoxic drugs, such as modifications of target enzymes, over-expression of genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and stress-response-related proteins are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms used by dermatophytes to overcome the inhibitory action of terbinafine and survival in the host environment. The relevance of identifying new molecular targets, of expanding the understanding about the molecular mechanisms of resistance and of using this information to design new drugs or to modify those that have become ineffective is also discussed.
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21
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Margolles A, Flórez AB, Moreno JA, van Sinderen D, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG. Two membrane proteins from Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 constitute an ABC-type multidrug transporter. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 152:3497-3505. [PMID: 17159201 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.29097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic resistance to drugs is one of the main determining factors in bacterial survival in the intestinal ecosystem. This is mediated by, among others, multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters, membrane proteins which extrude noxious compounds with very different chemical structures and cellular targets. Two genes from Bifidobacterium breve encoding hypothetical membrane proteins with a high homology with members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of multidrug efflux transporters, were expressed separately and jointly in Lactococcus lactis. Cells co-expressing both proteins exhibited enhanced resistance levels to the antimicrobials nisin and polymyxin B. Furthermore, the drug extrusion activity in membrane vesicles was increased when both proteins were co-expressed, compared to membranes in which the proteins were produced independently. Both proteins were co-purified from the membrane as a stable complex in a 1:1 ratio. This is believed to be the first study of a functional ABC-type multidrug transporter in Bifidobacterium and contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the capacity of intestinal bacteria to tolerate cytotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelardo Margolles
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Infiesto s/n, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Infiesto s/n, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Antonio Moreno
- Department of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Infiesto s/n, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- Department of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra Infiesto s/n, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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22
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Nicolás MF, Barcellos FG, Nehab Hess P, Hungria M. ABC transporters in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma synoviae: insights into evolution and pathogenicity. Genet Mol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572007000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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23
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Fachin AL, Ferreira-Nozawa MS, Maccheroni W, Martinez-Rossi NM. Role of the ABC transporter TruMDR2 in terbinafine, 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide and ethidium bromide susceptibility in Trichophyton rubrum. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:1093-1099. [PMID: 16849730 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-copy gene, designated TruMDR2, encoding an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter was cloned and sequenced from the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. The ORF of TruMDR2 was 4048 nt and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high homology with ABC transporters involved in drug efflux in other fungi. The encoded ABC protein predicted 12 transmembrane segments (TMSs) and two almost identical nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) arranged in two halves in a (TMS(6)-NBD)(2) configuration and could be classified as a member of the multidrug-resistance (MDR) class of ABC transporters. Northern blot analyses revealed an increased level of transcription of the TruMDR2 gene when mycelium was exposed to acriflavine, benomyl, ethidium bromide, ketoconazole, chloramphenicol, griseofulvin, fluconazole, imazalil, itraconazole, methotrexate, 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO) or tioconazole. Disruption of the TruMDR2 gene rendered the mutant more sensitive to terbinafine, 4NQO and ethidium bromide than the control strain, suggesting that this transporter plays a role in modulating drug susceptibility in T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Fachin
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica S Ferreira-Nozawa
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Maccheroni
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilce M Martinez-Rossi
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance continues to plague antimicrobial chemotherapy of infectious disease. And while true biocide resistance is as yet unrealized, in vitro and in vivo episodes of reduced biocide susceptibility are common and the history of antibiotic resistance should not be ignored in the development and use of biocidal agents. Efflux mechanisms of resistance, both drug specific and multidrug, are important determinants of intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to these antimicrobials, with some accommodating both antibiotics and biocides. This latter raises the spectre (as yet generally unrealized) of biocide selection of multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms. Multidrug efflux mechanisms are broadly conserved in bacteria, are almost invariably chromosome-encoded and their expression in many instances results from mutations in regulatory genes. In contrast, drug-specific efflux mechanisms are generally encoded by plasmids and/or other mobile genetic elements (transposons, integrons) that carry additional resistance genes, and so their ready acquisition is compounded by their association with multidrug resistance. While there is some support for the latter efflux systems arising from efflux determinants of self-protection in antibiotic-producing Streptomyces spp. and, thus, intended as drug exporters, increasingly, chromosomal multidrug efflux determinants, at least in Gram-negative bacteria, appear not to be intended as drug exporters but as exporters with, perhaps, a variety of other roles in bacterial cells. Still, given the clinical significance of multidrug (and drug-specific) exporters, efflux must be considered in formulating strategies/approaches to treating drug-resistant infections, both in the development of new agents, for example, less impacted by efflux and in targeting efflux directly with efflux inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Poole
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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