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Dai J, Kim H, You Z, McCabe MF, Zhang S, Wang S, Lim G, Chen L, Mao J. Role of 5-HT1A-mediated upregulation of brain indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 in the reduced antidepressant and antihyperalgesic effects of fluoxetine during maintenance treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1084108. [PMID: 36588734 PMCID: PMC9800882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1084108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced antidepressant and antihyperalgesic effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine during maintenance treatment has been reported, but little is known about the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon. In three comorbid pain and depression animal models (genetic predisposition, chronic social stress, arthritis), we showed that the fluoxetine's antidepressant and antihyperalgesic effects were reduced during the maintenance treatment. Fluoxetine exposure induced upregulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) auto-receptor and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1, a rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan metabolism) in the brainstem dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which shifted the tryptophan metabolism away from the 5-HT biosynthesis. Mechanistically, IDO1 upregulation was downstream to fluoxetine-induced 5-HT1A receptor expression because 1) antagonism of the 5-HT1A receptor with WAY100635 or 5-HT1A receptor knockout blocked the IDO1 upregulation, and 2) inhibition of IDO1 activity did not block the 5-HT1A receptor upregulation following fluoxetine exposure. Importantly, inhibition of either the 5-HT1A receptor or IDO1 activity sustained the fluoxetine's antidepressant and antihyperalgesic effects, indicating that 5-HT1A-mediated IDO1 upregulation in the brainstem DRN contributed to the reduced antidepressant and antihyperalgesic effects of fluoxetine. These results suggest a new strategy to improving the therapeutic efficacy of SSRI during maintenance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dai
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hyangin Kim
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Jianren Mao, ; Hyangin Kim,
| | - Zerong You
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael F. McCabe
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shuzhuo Zhang
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shiyu Wang
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Grewo Lim
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lucy Chen
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jianren Mao
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Jianren Mao, ; Hyangin Kim,
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2
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Xu Z, Chu M. Advances in Immunosuppressive Agents Based on Signal Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917162. [PMID: 35694243 PMCID: PMC9178660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune abnormality involves in various diseases, such as infection, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, as well as transplantation. Several signal pathways have been demonstrated to play a central role in the immune response, including JAK/STAT, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT-mTOR, MAPK, and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, in which multiple targets have been used to develop immunosuppressive agents. In recent years, varieties of immunosuppressive agents have been approved for clinical use, such as the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, which have shown good therapeutic effects. Additionally, many immunosuppressive agents are still in clinical trials or preclinical studies. In this review, we classified the immunosuppressive agents according to the immunopharmacological mechanisms, and summarized the phase of immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Xu
- Department of Immunology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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de Jesus MSM, Macabeo APG, Ramos JDA, de Leon VNO, Asamitsu K, Okamoto T. Voacanga globosa Spirobisindole Alkaloids Exert Antiviral Activity in HIV Latently Infected Cell Lines by Targeting the NF-kB Cascade: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations. Molecules 2022; 27:1078. [PMID: 35164343 PMCID: PMC8840767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the efficiency in the transcription of the HIV genome contributes to the success of viral replication and infectivity, we investigated the downregulating effects of the spirobisindole alkaloids globospiramine (1), deoxyvobtusine (2), and vobtusine lactone (3) from the endemic Philippine medicinal plant, Voacanga globosa, during HIV gene transcription. Alkaloids 1-3 were explored for their inhibitory activity on TNF-α-induced viral replication in two latently HIV-infected cell lines, OM10.1 and J-Lat. The induction of HIV replication from OM10.1 and J-Lat cells elicited by TNF-α was blocked by globospiramine (1) within noncytotoxic concentrations. Furthermore, globospiramine (1) was found to target the NF-ĸB activation cascade in a dose-dependent manner when the transcriptional step at which inhibitory activity is exerted was examined in TNF-α-induced 293 human cells using transient reporter (luciferase) gene expression systems (HIV LTR-luc, ĸB-luc, and mutant ĸB-luc). Interrogation through molecular docking against the NF-ĸB p50/p65 heterodimer and target sites of the subunits comprising the IKK complex revealed high binding affinities of globospiramine (1) against the S281 pocket of the p65 subunit (BE = -9.2 kcal/mol) and the IKKα activation loop (BE = -9.1 kcal/mol). These findings suggest globospiramine (1) as a molecular inspiration to discover new alkaloid-based anti-HIV derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Sheila M. de Jesus
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Allan Patrick G. Macabeo
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - John Donnie A. Ramos
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Laboratory, Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Von Novi O. de Leon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Kaori Asamitsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 4678601, Japan; (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 4678601, Japan; (K.A.); (T.O.)
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de Paz-Silava SLM, Victoriano-Belvis AFB, Gloriani NG, Hibi Y, Asamitsu K, Okamoto T. In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Mentha cordifolia Plant Extract in HIV-1 Latently Infected Cells Using an Established Human Cell Line. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:64-72. [PMID: 34030452 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of drug resistance demands new therapeutic strategies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Currently, there is an increasing research focus on targeting gene expression-the crucial step wherein new viruses and new viral strains are amplified. Moreover, natural products are also being considered as potential candidates for new antivirals. We screened the extract obtained from a Philippine medicinal plant, Mentha cordifolia (Mc). In this study, we demonstrated that Mc ammonium sulfate extract has antiretroviral activity against HIV. HIV-1 latently infected cells (OM10.1) were pretreated with Mc extract and activated with TNFα. In treated cells, viral replication was inhibited in both cell culture supernatant and whole cell lysates. The level of viral production, as measured by the viral p24 protein concentration, was very much inhibited under noncytotoxic concentrations to the similar level without addition of TNFα. Luciferase assays, however, showed that Mc does not inhibit the HIV-1 long terminal repeat-driven gene expression. IκBα degradation and p65 nuclear translocation was also not affected as visualized through Western blot and immunofluorescence. These observations demonstrated that Mc possessed an antiviral component against HIV-1 and warrant further work to explore its target of action at a later step of gene expression. Our study introduces a potential source of a lead compound that targets steps in the HIV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheriah Laine M. de Paz-Silava
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ann Florence B. Victoriano-Belvis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Research and Biotechnology, Center for Basic Science Research, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Nina G. Gloriani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Yurina Hibi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaori Asamitsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus nsP3 Phosphorylation Can Be Mediated by IKKβ Kinase Activity and Abrogation of Phosphorylation Inhibits Negative-Strand Synthesis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091021. [PMID: 32933112 PMCID: PMC7551587 DOI: 10.3390/v12091021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), a mosquito transmitted alphavirus of the Togaviridae family, can cause a highly inflammatory and encephalitic disease upon infection. Although a category B select agent, no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics against VEEV currently exist. We previously demonstrated NF-κB activation and macromolecular reorganization of the IKK complex upon VEEV infection in vitro, with IKKβ inhibition reducing viral replication. Mass spectrometry and confocal microscopy revealed an interaction between IKKβ and VEEV non-structural protein 3 (nsP3). Here, using western blotting, a cell-free kinase activity assay, and mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that IKKβ kinase activity can directly phosphorylate VEEV nsP3 at sites 204/5, 142, and 134/5. Alanine substitution mutations at sites 204/5, 142, or 134/5 reduced VEEV replication by >30-100,000-fold corresponding to a severe decrease in negative-strand synthesis. Serial passaging rescued viral replication and negative-strand synthesis, and sequencing of revertant viruses revealed reversion to the wild-type TC-83 phosphorylation capable amino acid sequences at nsP3 sites 204/5, 142, and 135. Generation of phosphomimetic mutants using aspartic acid substitutions at site 204/5 resulted in rescue of both viral replication and negative-strand RNA production, whereas phosphomimetic mutant 134/5 rescued viral replication but failed to restore negative-strand RNA levels, and phosphomimetic mutant 142 did not rescue VEEV replication. Together, these data demonstrate that IKKβ can phosphorylate VEEV nsP3 at sites 204/5, 142, and 134/5, and suggest that phosphorylation is essential for negative-strand RNA synthesis at site 204/5, but may be important for infectious particle production at site 134/5.
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Discovery of novel 2-aminonicotinonitrile derivatives with new potential autophagy activity. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1399-1414. [PMID: 32705902 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To clarify the molecular mechanism of novel 2-aminonicotinonitrile autophagy enhancers, two series of novel 2-aminonicotinonitrile derivatives are synthesized and their structure-activity relationship and biological activity were analyzed. Results & methodology: Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that substituents at C-4 and C-6 position of 7a contribute to enhance their autophagy-inducing activity, while C-5 position substituents have the opposite effect. The most promising compound 7g showed the strongest autophagy-inducing activity and better antiproliferative activity by inducing cell apoptosis and blocking cell cycle G1 arrest in SGC-7901 cells. Conclusion: The novel 2-aminonicotinonitrile autophagy enhancers were for the first time discovered and 7g might be a promising new autophagy enhancer with potential anticancer activity.
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Byun S, Han S, Zheng Y, Planelles V, Lee Y. The landscape of alternative splicing in HIV-1 infected CD4 T-cells. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:38. [PMID: 32241262 PMCID: PMC7118826 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elucidating molecular mechanisms that are altered during HIV-1 infection may provide a better understanding of the HIV-1 life cycle and how it interacts with infected T-cells. One such mechanism is alternative splicing (AS), which has been studied for HIV-1 itself, but no systematic analysis has yet been performed on infected T-cells. We hypothesized that AS patterns in infected T-cells may illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV-1 infection and identify candidate molecular markers for specifically targeting infected T-cells. Methods We downloaded previously published raw RNA-seq data obtained from HIV-1 infected and non-infected T-cells. We estimated percent spliced in (PSI) levels for each AS exon, then identified differential AS events in the infected cells (FDR < 0.05, PSI difference > 0.1). We performed functional gene set enrichment analysis on the genes with differentially expressed AS exons to identify their functional roles. In addition, we used RT-PCR to validate differential alternative splicing events in cyclin T1 (CCNT1) as a case study. Results We identified 427 candidate genes with differentially expressed AS exons in infected T-cells, including 20 genes related to cell surface, 35 to kinases, and 121 to immune-related genes. In addition, protein-protein interaction analysis identified six essential subnetworks related to the viral life cycle, including Transcriptional regulation by TP53, Class I MHC mediated antigen, G2/M transition, and late phase of HIV life cycle. CCNT1 exon 7 was more frequently skipped in infected T-cells, leading to loss of the key Cyclin_N motif and affecting HIV-1 transcriptional elongation. Conclusions Our findings may provide new insight into systemic host AS regulation under HIV-1 infection and may provide useful initial candidates for the discovery of new markers for specifically targeting infected T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoun Byun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Seonggyun Han
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Li L, Cataisson C, Flowers B, Fraser E, Sanchez V, Day CP, Yuspa SH. Topical Application of a Dual ABC Transporter Substrate and NF-κB Inhibitor Blocks Multiple Sources of Cutaneous Inflammation in Mouse Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1506-1515.e7. [PMID: 30684549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the molecular signals underlying cutaneous inflammation is the transcription complex NF-κB, its upstream modulators, and cytokines and chemokines that are the downstream proinflammatory effectors. Central to NF-κB activation is IκB kinase (IKK), which phosphorylates IκBα, releasing NF-κB to the nucleus. In a screening of a kinase inhibitor library, we identified two IKK inhibitors that were high-affinity substrates for p-glycoprotein (ABCB1), the multidrug resistance protein known to facilitate transdermal drug delivery. ACHP (2-amino-6-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-6-hydroxyphenyl]-4-(4-piperidinyl)-3-pyridinecarbonitrile) and IKK 16 prevented both nuclear translocation of NF-κB and activation of a NF-κB reporter and reduced the induction of cytokine and chemokine transcripts in human or mouse keratinocytes by IL-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and phorbol myristate acetate. ACHP, but not IKK 16, was nontoxic to mouse or human keratinocytes at any dose tested. In mice, topical ACHP prevented the cutaneous inflammation induced by topical phorbol myristate acetate or imiquimod, reduced the inflammation from erythema doses of artificial sunlight, and lowered the tumor incidence of mice treated with 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene when applied before phorbol myristate acetate. Topical ACHP also reduced the NF-κB and IL-17 inflammatory signature after multiple doses of imiquimod. Thus, ACHP and IKK 16 hit their NF-κB target in mouse and human keratinocytes, and ACHP is an effective topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luowei Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brittany Flowers
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elise Fraser
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vanesa Sanchez
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chi-Ping Day
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stuart H Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Prescott JA, Cook SJ. Targeting IKKβ in Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities for the Therapeutic Utilisation of IKKβ Inhibitors. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090115. [PMID: 30142927 PMCID: PMC6162708 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated NF-κB signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human inflammatory disorders and malignancies. Consequently, the NF-κB pathway has attracted attention as an attractive therapeutic target for drug discovery. As the primary, druggable mediator of canonical NF-κB signalling the IKKβ protein kinase has been the historical focus of drug development pipelines. Thousands of compounds with activity against IKKβ have been characterised, with many demonstrating promising efficacy in pre-clinical models of cancer and inflammatory disease. However, severe on-target toxicities and other safety concerns associated with systemic IKKβ inhibition have thus far prevented the clinical approval of any IKKβ inhibitors. This review will discuss the potential reasons for the lack of clinical success of IKKβ inhibitors to date, the challenges associated with their therapeutic use, realistic opportunities for their future utilisation, and the alternative strategies to inhibit NF-κB signalling that may overcome some of the limitations associated with IKKβ inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Prescott
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Simon J Cook
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
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Tietjen I, Williams DE, Read S, Kuang XT, Mwimanzi P, Wilhelm E, Markle T, Kinloch NN, Naphen CN, Tenney K, Mesplède T, Wainberg MA, Crews P, Bell B, Andersen RJ, Brumme ZL, Brockman MA. Inhibition of NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 replication by the marine natural product bengamide A. Antiviral Res 2018; 152:94-103. [PMID: 29476895 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 inhibitors that act by mechanisms distinct from existing antiretrovirals can provide novel insights into viral replication and potentially inform development of new therapeutics. Using a multi-cycle HIV-1 replication assay, we screened 252 pure compounds derived from marine invertebrates and microorganisms and identified 6 (actinomycin Z2, bastadin 6, bengamide A, haliclonacyclamine A + B, keramamine C, neopetrosiamide B) that inhibited HIV-1 with 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) of 3.8 μM or less. The most potent inhibitor, bengamide A, blocked HIV-1 in a T cell line with an EC50 of 0.015 μM and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an EC50 of 0.032 μM. Bengamide A was previously described to inhibit NF-κB signaling. Consistent with this mechanism, bengamide A suppressed reporter expression from an NF-κB-driven minimal promoter and an HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) with conserved NF-κB response elements, but lacked activity against an LTR construct with mutation of these elements. In single-cycle HIV-1 infection assays, bengamide A also suppressed viral protein expression when viruses encoded an intact LTR but exhibited minimal activity against those with mutated NF-κB elements. Finally, bengamide A did not inhibit viral DNA accumulation, indicating that it likely acts downstream of this step in HIV-1 replication. Our study identifies multiple new antiviral compounds including an unusually potent inhibitor of HIV-1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Tietjen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - David E Williams
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silven Read
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaomei T Kuang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Philip Mwimanzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tristan Markle
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie N Kinloch
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Cassandra N Naphen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Karen Tenney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- McGill AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zabrina L Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Mark A Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Zhang H, Zhou L, Zhu Z, Yang C. Recent Progress in Aptamer-Based Functional Probes for Bioanalysis and Biomedicine. Chemistry 2016; 22:9886-900. [PMID: 27243551 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are short synthetic DNA or RNA sequences that can bind to a wide range of targets with high affinity and specificity. In recent years, aptamers have attracted increasing research interest due to their unique features of high binding affinity and specificity, small size, excellent chemical stability, easy chemical synthesis, facile modification, and minimal immunogenicity. These properties make aptamers ideal recognition ligands for bioanalysis, disease diagnosis, and cancer therapy. This review highlights the recent progress in aptamer selection and the latest applications of aptamer-based functional probes in the fields of bioanalysis and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Leiji Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Mia MM, Bank RA. The IκB kinase inhibitor ACHP strongly attenuates TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast formation and collagen synthesis. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2780-92. [PMID: 26337045 PMCID: PMC4687706 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of a collagen‐rich extracellular matrix (ECM) by myofibroblasts is a characteristic feature of fibrosis, a pathological state leading to serious organ dysfunction. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) is a strong inducer of myofibroblast formation and subsequent collagen production. Currently, there are no remedies for the treatment of fibrosis. Activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway by phosphorylating IκB with the enzyme IκB kinase (IKK) plays a major role in the induction of fibrosis. ACHP {2‐Amino‐6‐[2‐(cyclopropylmethoxy)‐6‐hydroxyphenyl]‐4‐(4‐piperidinyl)‐3 pyridinecarbonitrile}, a selective inhibitor of IKK, prohibits the activation of the NF‐κB pathway. It is not known whether ACHP has potential anti‐fibrotic properties. Using adult human dermal and lung fibroblasts we have investigated whether ACHP has the ability to inhibit the TGFβ1‐induced transition of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and its excessive synthesis of ECM. The presence of ACHP strongly suppressed the induction of the myofibroblast markers alpha‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and SM22α, as well as the deposition of the ECM components collagen type I and fibronectin. Furthermore, post‐treatment with ACHP partly reversed the expression of αSMA and collagen type I production. Finally, ACHP suppressed the expression of the three collagen‐modifying enzymes lysyl hydroxylase (PLOD1,PLOD2 and PLOD3) in dermal fibroblasts, but did not do so in lung fibroblasts. We conclude that the IKK inhibitor ACHP has potent antifibrotic properties, and that the NF‐κB pathway plays an important role in myofibroblast biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masum M Mia
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud A Bank
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Amaya M, Keck F, Bailey C, Narayanan A. The role of the IKK complex in viral infections. Pathog Dis 2014; 72:32-44. [PMID: 25082354 PMCID: PMC7108545 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF‐κB signal transduction pathway is a critical regulator of multiple cellular functions that ultimately shift the balance between cell survival and death. The cascade is activated by many intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, which is transduced via adaptor proteins to phosphorylate the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which in turn phosphorylates the inhibitory IκBα protein to undergo proteasomal degradation and sets in motion nuclear events in response to the initial stimulus. Viruses are important modulators of the NF‐κB cascade and have evolved multiple mechanisms to activate or inhibit this pathway in a manner conducive to viral multiplication and establishment of a productive infectious cycle. This is a subject of extensive research by multiple laboratories whereby unraveling the interactions between specific viral components and members of the NF‐κB signal transduction cascade can shed unique perspectives on infection associated pathogenesis and novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight the interactions between components of the IKK complex and multiple RNA and DNA viruses with the emphasis on mechanisms by which the interaction feeds the infection. Understanding these interactions will shed light on the exploitative capabilities of viruses to maintain an environment favorable for a productive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushimi Amaya
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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14
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Imai K, Yamada K, Tamura M, Ochiai K, Okamoto T. Reactivation of latent HIV-1 by a wide variety of butyric acid-producing bacteria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2583-92. [PMID: 22322557 PMCID: PMC11114855 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Latently infected cells harbor human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA copies integrated in heterochromatin, allowing persistence of transcriptionally silent proviruses. It is widely accepted that hypoacetylation of histone proteins by histone deacetylases (HDACs) is involved in maintaining the HIV-1 latency by repressing viral transcription. HIV-1 replication can be induced from latently infected cells by environmental factors, such as inflammation and co-infection with other microbes. It is known that a bacterial metabolite butyric acid inhibits catalytic action of HDAC and induces transcription of silenced genes including HIV-1 provirus. There are a number of such bacteria in gut, vaginal, and oral cavities that produce butyric acid during their anaerobic glycolysis. Since these organs are known to be the major site of HIV-1 transmission and its replication, we explored a possibility that explosive viral replication in these organs could be ascribable to butyric acid produced from anaerobic resident bacteria. In this study, we demonstrate that the culture supernatant of various bacteria producing butyric acid could greatly reactivate the latently-infected HIV-1. These bacteria include Fusobacterium nucleatum (commonly present in oral cavity, and gut), Clostridium cochlearium, Eubacterium multiforme (gut), and Anaerococcus tetradius (vagina). We also clarified that butyric acid in these culture supernatants could induce histone acetylation and HIV-1 replication by inhibiting HDAC. Our observations indicate that butyric acid-producing bacteria could be involved in AIDS progression by reactivating the latent HIV provirus and, subsequently, by eliminating such bacterial infection may contribute to the prevention of the AIDS development and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Imai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601 Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310 Japan
| | - Muneaki Tamura
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310 Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Ochiai
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310 Japan
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601 Japan
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15
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MIP-1δ activates NFATc1 and enhances osteoclastogenesis: involvement of both PLCγ2 and NFκB signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40799. [PMID: 22792407 PMCID: PMC3392212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological bone resorption is a source of significant morbidity in diseases affecting the skeleton such as rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and cancer metastasis to bone. Evidence indicates that elevated levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α play a role in this process by promoting the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Additionally, current studies have identified inflammatory chemokines of the macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) family as potential mediators of pathological bone resorption, where both MIP-1α and -3α have been shown to enhance osteoclast (OCL) development. In this study we provide evidence that MIP-1δ, whose expression is associated with renal cell carcinoma bone metastasis and rheumatoid arthritis, enhances OCL formation in vitro via a direct effect on OCL precursors. Consistent with this ability, exposure of OCL precursors to MIP-1δ resulted in the activation of PLCγ2 and NF-κB, two signaling pathways known to regulate OCL differentiation. Moreover, MIP-1δ induced expression and nuclear translocation of NFATc1, a master regulator of osteoclastogenesis, which was dependent on activation of both the PLCγ2 and NFκB signaling pathways. Lastly, consistent with in vitro studies, in vivo administration of MIP-1δ significantly increased OCL number and resorption area as determined using a murine calvarial bone resorption model. Taken together, these data highlight the potential of MIP-1δ as a mediator of pathological bone resorption and provide insight into the molecular mechanism through which MIP-1δ enhances osteoclastogenesis.
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16
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Victoriano AFB, Okamoto T. Transcriptional control of HIV replication by multiple modulators and their implication for a novel antiviral therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:125-38. [PMID: 22077140 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2011.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is critical for the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) life cycle and is the only step at which the virus amplifies the content of its genetic information. Numerous known and still unknown transcriptional factors, both host and viral, regulate HIV-1 gene expression and latency. This article is a comprehensive review of transcription factors involved in HIV-1 gene expression and presents the significant implications of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein. We include recent findings on chromatin remodeling toward HIV transcription and its therapeutic implication is also discussed. The current status of small-molecular-weight compounds that affect HIV transcription is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Florence B. Victoriano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School for Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Japanese Foundation for AIDS Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School for Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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17
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Vitiello M, Galdiero M, Finamore E, Galdiero S, Galdiero M. NF-κB as a potential therapeutic target in microbial diseases. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1108-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Effects of β(2) Agonists, Corticosteroids, and Novel Therapies on Rhinovirus-Induced Cytokine Release and Rhinovirus Replication in Primary Airway Fibroblasts. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2011:457169. [PMID: 22121382 PMCID: PMC3202133 DOI: 10.1155/2011/457169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus-(RV-) induced asthma exacerbations account for high asthma-related health costs and morbidity in Australia. The cellular mechanism underlying this pathology is likely the result of RV-induced nuclear-factor-kappa-B-(NF-κB-) dependent inflammation. NF-κB may also be important in RV replication as inhibition of NF-κB inhibits replication of other viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus. To establish the role of NF-κB inhibitors in RV-induced IL- 6 and IL-8 and RV replication, we used pharmacological inhibitors of NF-κB, and steroids and/or β(2) agonists were used for comparison. Primary human lung fibroblasts were infected with RV-16 in the presence of NF-κB inhibitors: BAY-117085 and dimethyl fumarate; β(2) agonist: salmeterol; and/or corticosteroids: dexamethasone; fluticasone. RV-induced IL-6 and IL-8 and RV replication were assessed using ELISAs and virus titration assays. RV replicated and increased IL-6 and IL-8 release. Salmeterol increased, while dexamethasone and fluticasone decreased RV-induced IL-6 and IL-8 (P<0.05). The NF-κB inhibitor BAY-117085 inhibited only RV-induced IL-6 (P<0.05) and dimethyl fumarate did not alter RV-induced IL-6 and IL-8. Dimethylfumarate increased RV replication whilst other drugs did not alter RV replication. These data suggest that inhibition of NF-κB alone is unlikely to be an effective treatment compared to current asthma therapeutics.
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Victoriano AFB, Imai K, Togami H, Ueno T, Asamitsu K, Suzuki T, Miyata N, Ochiai K, Okamoto T. Novel histone deacetylase inhibitor NCH-51 activates latent HIV-1 gene expression. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Inhibition of active HIV-1 replication by NF-κB inhibitor DHMEQ. Microbes Infect 2010; 12:400-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Imai K, Togami H, Okamoto T. Involvement of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase G9a in the maintenance of HIV-1 latency and its reactivation by BIX01294. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16538-45. [PMID: 20335163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.103531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) provirus transcriptional silencing in latently infected cells is crucial for understanding the pathophysiological process of HIV-1 infection. It is well established that hypoacetylation of histone proteins by histone deacetylases is involved in the maintenance of HIV-1 latency by repressing viral transcription. Although histone methylation is involved in the organization of chromatin domains and plays a central epigenetic role in gene expression, the role of histone methylation in the maintenance of HIV-1 latency has not been clarified. Here we present evidence that histone H3 Lys(9) (H3K9) methyltransferase G9a is responsible for transcriptional repression of HIV-1 by promoting repressive dimethylation at H3K9 and for the maintenance of viral latency. We observed that G9a significantly inhibited basal, as well as, the induced HIV-1 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor-alpha or Tat. Mutant G9a, however, lacking the SET domain responsible for the catalytic activity of histone methyltransferase, did not show such an effect. When G9a expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA, HIV-1 replication was augmented from cells transiently transfected with a full-length HIV-1 clone. Moreover, a specific inhibitor of G9a, BIX01294, could reactivate expression of HIV-1 from latently infected cells such as ACH-2 and OM10.1. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the presence of G9a and H3K9 dimethylation on nucleosome histones in the vicinity of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter. These results suggest that G9a is responsible for the transcriptional quiescence of latent HIV-1 provirus and provide a molecular basis for understanding the mechanism by which HIV-1 latency is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Imai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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22
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Mizushima T, Sasaki M, Ando T, Wada T, Tanaka M, Okamoto Y, Ebi M, Hirata Y, Murakami K, Mizoshita T, Shimura T, Kubota E, Ogasawara N, Tanida S, Kataoka H, Kamiya T, Alexander JS, Joh T. Blockage of angiotensin II type 1 receptor regulates TNF-alpha-induced MAdCAM-1 expression via inhibition of NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus and ameliorates colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298:G255-66. [PMID: 19940029 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00264.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) is an important target in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently, treatment of IBD with an antibody to alpha4beta7-integrin, a ligand for MAdCAM-1, has been an intense focus of research. Our aim was to clarify the mechanism by which MAdCAM-1 is regulated via angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and to verify if AT1R might be a novel target for IBD treatment. The role of AT1R in the expression of MAdCAM-1 in SVEC (a murine high endothelial venule cell) and MJC-1 (a mouse colonic endothelial cell) was examined following cytokine stimulation. We further evaluated the effect of AT1R on the pathogenesis of immune-mediated colitis using AT1R-deficient (AT1R-/-) mice and a selective AT1R blocker. AT1R blocker significantly suppressed MAdCAM-1 expression induced by TNF-alpha, but did not inhibit phosphorylation of p38 MAPK or of IkappaB that modulate MAdCAM-1 expression. However, NF-kappaB translocation into the nucleus was inhibited by these treatments. In a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium, the degree of colitis, judged by body weight loss, histological damage, and the disease activity index, was much milder in AT1R-/- than in wild-type mice. The expression of MAdCAM-1 was also significantly lower in AT1R-/- than in wild-type mice. These results suggest that AT1R regulates the expression of MAdCAM-1 under colonic inflammatory conditions through regulation of the translocation of NF-kappaB into the nucleus. Furthermore, inhibition of AT1R ameliorates colitis in a mouse colitis model. Therefore, AT1R might be one of new therapeutic target of IBD via regulation of MAdCAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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23
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Kim SJ, Kim JH, Sun JM, Kim MG, Oh JW. Suppression of hepatitis C virus replication by protein kinase C-related kinase 2 inhibitors that block phosphorylation of viral RNA polymerase. J Viral Hepat 2009; 16:697-704. [PMID: 19243496 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious threat to human health worldwide. In spite of the continued search for specific and effective anti-HCV therapies, the rapid emergence of drug-resistance variants has been hampering the development of anti-HCV drugs designed to target viral enzymes. Targeting host factors has therefore emerged as an alternative strategy offering the potential to circumvent the ever-present complication of drug resistance. We previously identified protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2) as a cellular kinase that phosphorylates the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Here, we report the anti-HCV activity of HA1077, also known as fasudil, and Y27632, which blocks HCV RdRp phosphorylation by suppressing PRK2 activation. Treatment of a Huh7 cell line, stably expressing a genotype 1b HCV subgenomic replicon RNA, with 20 microm each of HA1077 and Y27632 reduced the HCV RNA level by 55% and 30%, respectively. A combination of the inhibitors with 100 IU/mL interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) significantly potentiated the anti-HCV drug activities resulting in approximately a 2-log(10) viral RNA reduction. We also found that IFN-alpha does not activate PRK2 as well as its upstream kinase PDK1 in HCV-replicating cells. Furthermore, treatment of HCV-infected cells with 20 microm each of HA1077 and Y27632 reduced the levels of intracellular viral RNA by 70% and 92%, respectively. Taken together, the results identify PRK2 inhibitors as potential antiviral drugs that act by suppressing HCV replication via inhibition of viral RNA polymerase phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Imai K, Ochiai K, Okamoto T. Reactivation of latent HIV-1 infection by the periodontopathic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis involves histone modification. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:3688-95. [PMID: 19265147 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Latently infected cells harbor the HIV-1 proviral DNA genome primarily integrated into heterochromatin, allowing the persistence of transcriptionally silent proviruses. Hypoacetylation of histone proteins by histone deacetylases (HDAC) is involved in the maintenance of HIV-1 latency by repressing viral transcription. In addition, periodontal diseases, caused by polymicrobial subgingival bacteria including Porphyromonas gingivalis, are among the most prevalent infections of mankind. Here we demonstrate the effects of P. gingivalis on HIV-1 replication. This activity could be ascribable to the bacterial culture supernatant but not to other bacterial components such as fimbriae or LPS. We found that this HIV-1-inducing activity was recovered in the lower molecular mass (<3 kDa) fraction of the culture supernatant. We also demonstrated that P. gingivalis produces high concentrations of butyric acid, acting as a potent inhibitor of HDACs and causing histone acetylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the corepressor complex containing HDAC1 and AP-4 was dissociated from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter upon stimulation with bacterial culture supernatant concomitantly with the association of acetylated histone and RNA polymerase II. We thus found that P. gingivalis could induce HIV-1 reactivation via chromatin modification and that butyric acid, one of the bacterial metabolites, is responsible for this effect. These results suggest that periodontal diseases could act as a risk factor for HIV-1 reactivation in infected individuals and might contribute to the systemic dissemination of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Imai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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25
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Asamitsu K, Yamaguchi T, Nakata K, Hibi Y, Victoriano AFB, Imai K, Onozaki K, Kitade Y, Okamoto T. Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Blocking I B Kinase with Noraristeromycin. J Biochem 2008; 144:581-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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26
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Kline ER, Sutliff RL. The roles of HIV-1 proteins and antiretroviral drug therapy in HIV-1-associated endothelial dysfunction. J Investig Med 2008; 56:752-69. [PMID: 18525451 PMCID: PMC2586126 DOI: 10.1097/jim.0b013e3181788d15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the emergence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients have demonstrated dramatic decreases in viral burden and opportunistic infections, and an overall increase in life expectancy. Despite these positive HAART-associated outcomes, it has become increasingly clear that HIV-1 patients have an enhanced risk of developing cardiovascular disease over time. Clinical studies are instrumental in our understanding of vascular dysfunction in the context of HIV-1 infection. However, most clinical studies often do not distinguish whether HIV-1 proteins, HAART, or a combination of these 2 factors cause cardiovascular complications. This review seeks to address the roles of both HIV-1 proteins and antiretroviral drugs in the development of endothelial dysfunction because endothelial dysfunction is the hallmark initial step of many cardiovascular diseases. We analyze recent in vitro and in vivo studies examining endothelial toxicity in response to HIV-1 proteins or in response to the various classes of antiretroviral drugs. Furthermore, we discuss the multiple mechanisms by which HIV-1 proteins and HAART injure the vascular endothelium in HIV-1 patients. By understanding the molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 protein- and antiretroviral-induced cardiovascular disease, we may ultimately improve the quality of life of HIV-1 patients through better drug design and the discovery of new pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Kline
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University/Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
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27
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Mitsuhashi S, Kishimoto T, Uraki Y, Okamoto T, Ubukata M. Low molecular weight lignin suppresses activation of NF-κB and HIV-1 promoter. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:2645-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Gao N, Asamitsu K, Hibi Y, Ueno T, Okamoto T. AKIP1 enhances NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression by promoting the nuclear retention and phosphorylation of p65. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:7834-43. [PMID: 18178962 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m710285200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have identified protein kinase A-interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) as a binding partner of NF-kappaB p65 subunit, and AKIP1 enhances the NF-kappaB-mediated gene expression. AKIP1 is a nuclear protein and known to interact with the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKAc). We identified AKIP1 by a yeast two-hybrid screen using the N terminus region of p65 as bait. The interaction between AKIP1 and p65 was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay in vitro and immunoprecipitation-Western blotting assay in vivo. We found that the PKAc was present in the AKIP1.p65 complex and enhanced the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB by phosphorylating p65. In a transient luciferase assay, AKIP1 cotransfection efficiently increased the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). When AKIP1 was knocked down by RNA interference, the PMA-mediated NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression was abolished, indicating a physiological role of AKIP1. We found that PKAc, which is maintained in an inactive form by binding to IkappaBalpha and NF-kappaB in resting cells, was activated by PMA-induced signaling and could phosphorylate p65. Overexpression of AKIP1 increased the PKAc binding to p65 and enhanced the PKAc-mediated phosphorylation of p65 at Ser-276. Interestingly, this p65 phosphorylation promoted nuclear translocation of p65 and enhanced NF-kappaB transcription. In fact, we observed that AKIP1 colocalized with p65 within the cells and appeared to retain p65 in nucleus. These findings indicate a positive role of AKIP1 in NF-kappaB signaling and suggest a novel mechanism by which AKIP1 augments the transcriptional competence of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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29
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Tanaka K, Hasegawa J, Asamitsu K, Okamoto T. Magnolia ovovata extract and its active component magnolol prevent skin photoaging via inhibition of nuclear factor κB. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 565:212-9. [PMID: 17346696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is induced by environmental signals including inflammation, UV irradiation and oxidative stress. It was shown that the NF-kappaB activity greatly contributes to the skin photoaging process. Thus, it is plausible that NF-kappaB inhibitors could directly prevent skin photoaging. In this study, we found that Magnolia ovovata extract inhibited NF-kappaB-mediated gene expression and demonstrated that external swabbing with Magnolia extract preventing skin photoaging processes through keratinocyte hyperproliferation and degradation of collagen fibers in mice skin. We have identified magnolol as the solely responsible active compound in Magnolia extract. Magnolol effectively inhibited the NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, but no effect was observed with other inducible transcription factors such as activator protein-1 (AP-1) and cyclic-AMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB). In addition, magnolol was effective in inhibiting the production of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) from the cells overexpressing p65, a major subunit of NF-kappaB. Although magnolol did not affect the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha, it inhibited the nuclear translocation of the activated NF-kappaB. These findings suggest that Magnolia extract and its active component magnolol can be used to prevent the skin photoaging via inhibiting NF-kappaB by external topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Inhibited Immune Dysfunction Induced by LP-BM5 Leukemia Retrovirus Infection through Regulating Th1/Th2 Type Cytokine mRNA Expression and Oxidative Stress in Murine AIDS Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.10.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nekhai S, Jeang KT. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of HIV-1 gene expression: role of cellular factors for Tat and Rev. Future Microbiol 2006; 1:417-26. [PMID: 17661632 DOI: 10.2217/17460913.1.4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains presents a challenge for the design of new therapy. Targeting host cell factors that regulate HIV-1 replication might be one way to overcome the propensity for HIV-1 to mutate in order to develop resistance to antivirals. This article reviews the interplay between viral proteins Tat and Rev and their cellular cofactors in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of HIV-1 gene expression. HIV-1 Tat regulates viral transcription by recruiting cellular factors to the HIV promoter. Tat interacts with protein kinase complexes Cdk9/cyclin T1 and Cdk2/cyclin E; acetyltransferases p300/CBP, p300/CBP-associated factor and hGCN5; protein phosphatases and other factors. HIV-1 Rev regulates post-transcriptional processing of viral mRNAs. Rev primarily functions to export unspliced and partially spliced viral RNAs from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. For this activity, Rev cooperates with cellular transport protein CRM1 and RNA helicases DDX1 and DDX3, amongst others.
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MESH Headings
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Gene Products, rev/genetics
- Gene Products, rev/metabolism
- Gene Products, rev/physiology
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- Gene Products, tat/physiology
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/growth & development
- Humans
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- RNA Helicases/metabolism
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Nekhai
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease & Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biolology, Howard University, NW Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Baba M. Recent status of HIV-1 gene expression inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2006; 71:301-6. [PMID: 16488488 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression and transcription is a crucial step in the viral replication cycle, which is considered to be a potential target for inhibition of HIV-1. Among the factors involved in this step, the cellular protein nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is the most powerful inducer of HIV-1 gene expression. On the other hand, the viral protein Tat plays a central role in sustaining a high level of HIV-1 replication. Several compounds have been reported to selectively inhibit the functions of Tat and NF-kappaB. Tat inhibitors target either the Tat/TAR RNA interaction or the Tat cofactor cyclin-dependent kinase 9/cyclin T1. Antioxidants, protein kinase C inhibitors, and IkappaB kinase inhibitors are known to suppress the activation of NF-kappaB. Although some of the compounds inhibit HIV-1 replication in cell cultures at low concentrations, they also have considerable toxicity to the host cells. Considering the increase of treatment failure cases in highly active antiretroviral therapy due to the emergence of multidrug resistance, HIV-1 gene expression inhibitors should be extensively studied as alternative approach to effective anti-HIV-1 chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Baba
- Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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