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Wu X, Wei X, Li X, Deng J, Zhang J. Diversity of fungi and bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 75:560-568. [PMID: 35908874 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic changes in microbiome during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations remains unclear. Using 16S ribosomal DNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer DNA sequencing, we described the composition and changes in the bacterial and fungal microbiota of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 15 COPD patients and 7 non-COPD patients. In COPD patients, the dominant bacteria phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidete and Actinobacteria. The most abundant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. In terms of the genera of the bacteria and fungi, the numbers of Veillonella, Prevotella-7, Haemophilus, and Aspergillus were significantly more in COPD compared with the non-COPD patients. In addition, after the progression of COPD, the relative abundances of fungal genera of Aspergillus, Mortierella, Grifola, Thermoascus, Russula, and Thermomyces and the bacteria genera of Proteobacteria increased significantly. Existing analyses demonstrate changes in the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities, which appeared to be related to COPD. Our results demonstrated the potential utility of the microbiota as possible biomarkers for disease progression and provided therapeutic targets for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Jiehua Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat Sen University, China
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2
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Lu Z, Su H. Employing gene chip technology for monitoring and assessing soil heavy metal pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 194:2. [PMID: 34862584 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metals pollution can cause many serious environment problems because of involving a very complex pollution process for soil health. Therefore, it is very important to explore methods that can effectively evaluate heavy metal pollution. Researchers were actively looking for new ideas and new methods for evaluating and predicting levels of soil heavy metal pollution. The study on microbial communities is one of the effective methods using gene chip technology. Gene chip technology, as a high-throughput metagenomics analysis technique, has been widely used for studying the structure and function of complex microbial communities in different polluted environments from different pollutants, including the soil polluted by heavy metals. However, there is still a lack of a systematic summarization for the polluted soil by heavy metals. This paper systematically analyzed soil heavy metals pollution via reviewing previous studies on applying gene chip technology, including single species, tolerance mechanisms, enrichment mechanisms, anticipation and evaluation of soil remediation, and multi-directional analysis. The latest gene chip technologies and corresponding application cases for discovering critical species and functional genes via analyzing microbial communities and evaluating heavy metal pollution of soil were also introduced in this paper. This article can provide scientific guidance for researchers actively investigating the soil polluted by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZiChun Lu
- College of Hehai, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400717, China
| | - HaiFeng Su
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural and Resources, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710075, China.
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China.
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3
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Behringer MG. Multi-omic Characterization of Intraspecies Variation in Laboratory and Natural Environments. mSystems 2021; 6:e0076421. [PMID: 34427516 PMCID: PMC8409731 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00764-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of microbial communities has led to many advances in our understanding of ecosystem function, whether that ecosystem is a subglacial lake or the human gut. Within these communities, much emphasis has been placed on interspecific variation and between-species relationships. However, with current advances in sequencing technology resulting in both the reduction in sequencing costs and the rise of shotgun metagenomic sequencing, the importance of intraspecific variation and within-species relationships is becoming realized. Our group conducts multi-omic analyses to understand how spatial structure and resource availability influence diversification within a species and the potential for long-term coexistence of multiple ecotypes within a microbial community. Here, we present examples of ecotypic variation observed in the lab and in the wild, current challenges faced when investigating intraspecies diversity, and future developments that we expect to define the field over the next 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G. Behringer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Initiative, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Timmis K, Ramos JL. The soil crisis: the need to treat as a global health problem and the pivotal role of microbes in prophylaxis and therapy. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:769-797. [PMID: 33751840 PMCID: PMC8085983 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil provides a multitude of services that are essential to a healthily functioning biosphere and continuity of the human race, such as feeding the growing human population and the sequestration of carbon needed to counteract global warming. Healthy soil availability is the limiting parameter in the provision of a number of these services. As a result of anthropogenic abuses, and natural and global warming-promoted extreme weather events, Planet Earth is currently experiencing an unprecedented crisis of soil deterioration, desertification and erosive loss that increasingly prejudices the services it provides. Such services are pivotal to the Sustainability Development Goals formulated by the United Nations. Immediate and coordinated action on a global scale is urgently required to slow and ultimately reverse the loss of healthy soils. Despite the 'dirt-dust', non-vital appearance of soil, it is a highly dynamic living entity, whose life is overwhelmingly microbial. The soil microbiota, which constitutes the greatest reservoir and donor of microbial diversity on Earth, acts as a vast bioreactor, mediating a myriad of chemical reactions that turn the biogeochemical cycles, recycle wastes, purify water, and underpin the multitude of other services soil provides. Fuelling the belowground microbial bioreactor is the aboveground plant and photosynthetic surface microbial life which captures solar energy, fixes inorganic CO2 to organic carbon, and channels fixed carbon and energy into soil. In order to muster an effective response to the crisis, to avoid further deterioration, and to restore unhealthy soils, we need a new and coherent approach, namely to deal with soils worldwide as patients in need of health care and create (i) a public health system for development of effective policies for land use, conservation, restoration, recommendations of prophylactic measures, monitoring and identification of problems (epidemiology), organizing crisis responses, etc., and (ii) a healthcare system charged with soil care: the promotion of good practices, implementation of prophylaxis measures, and institution of therapies for treatment of unhealthy soils and restoration of drylands. These systems need to be national but there is also a desperate need for international coordination. To enable development of effective, evidence-based strategies that will underpin the efforts of soil healthcare systems, a substantial investment in wide-ranging interdisciplinary research on soil health and disease is mandatory. This must lead to a level of understanding of the soil:biota functionalities underlying key ecosystem services that enables formulation of effective diagnosis-prophylaxis-therapy pathways for sustainable use, protection and restoration of different types of soil resources in different climatic zones. These conservation-regenerative-restorative measures need to be complemented by an educative-political-economic-legislative framework that provides incentives encouraging soil care: knowledge, policy, economic and others, and laws which promote international adherence to the principles of restorative soil management. And: we must all be engaged in improving soil health; everyone has a duty of care (https://www.bbc.co.uk/ideas/videos/why-soil-is-one-of-the-most-amazing-things-on-eart/p090cf64). Creative application of microbes, microbiomes and microbial biotechnology will be central to the successful operation of the healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Timmis
- Institute of MicrobiologyTechnical University BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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5
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Key Enzymes for Anaerobic Lactate Metabolism in Geobacter sulfurreducens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.01968-20. [PMID: 33158892 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01968-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth of Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA on lactate was enhanced by laboratory adaptive evolution. The enhanced growth was considered to be attributed to increased expression of the sucCD genes, encoding a succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase. To further investigate the function of the succinyl-CoA synthetase, the sucCD genes were deleted from G. sulfurreducens The mutant showed defective growth on lactate but not on acetate. Introduction of the sucCD genes into the mutant restored the full potential to grow on lactate. These results verify the importance of the succinyl-CoA synthetase in growth on lactate. Genome analysis of Geobacter species identified candidate genes, GSU1623, GSU1624, and GSU1620, for lactate dehydrogenase. Deletion mutants of the identified genes for d-lactate dehydrogenase (ΔGSU1623 ΔGSU1624 mutant) or l-lactate dehydrogenase (ΔGSU1620 mutant) could not grow on d-lactate or l-lactate but could grow on acetate and l- or d-lactate, respectively. Introduction of the respective genes into the mutants allowed growth on the corresponding lactate stereoisomer. These results suggest that the identified genes were essential for d- or l-lactate utilization. The lacZ reporter assay demonstrated that the putative promoter regions were more active during growth on lactate than during growth on acetate, indicating that the genes for the lactate dehydrogenases were expressed more during growth on lactate than during growth on acetate. The gene deletion phenotypes and the expression profiles indicate that there are metabolic switches between lactate and acetate. This study advances the understanding of anaerobic lactate utilization in G. sulfurreducens IMPORTANCE Lactate is a microbial fermentation product as well as a source of carbon and electrons for microorganisms in the environment. Furthermore, lactate is a common amendment for stimulation of microbial growth in environmental biotechnology applications. However, anaerobic metabolism of lactate has been poorly studied for environmentally relevant microorganisms. Geobacter species are found in various environments and environmental biotechnology applications. By employing genomic and genetic approaches, succinyl-CoA synthetase and lactate dehydrogenase were identified as key enzymes in anaerobic metabolism of lactate in Geobacter sulfurreducens, a representative Geobacter species. Differential gene expression during growth on lactate and acetate was observed, demonstrating that G. sulfurreducens could metabolically switch to adapt to available substrates in the environment. The findings provide new insights into basic physiology in lactate metabolism as well as cellular responses to growth conditions in the environment and can be informative for the application of lactate in environmental biotechnology.
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Ruiz-Lopez S, Foster L, Boothman C, Cole N, Morris K, Lloyd JR. Identification of a Stable Hydrogen-Driven Microbiome in a Highly Radioactive Storage Facility on the Sellafield Site. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:587556. [PMID: 33329459 PMCID: PMC7732693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.587556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nuclear power has been a significant part of the United Kingdom’s energy portfolio with the Sellafield site being used for power production and more recently reprocessing and decommissioning of spent nuclear fuel activities. Before being reprocessed, spent nuclear fuel is stored in water ponds with significant levels of background radioactivity and in high alkalinity (to minimize fuel corrosion). Despite these challenging conditions, the presence of microbial communities has been detected. To gain further insight into the microbial communities present in extreme environments, an indoor, hyper-alkaline, oligotrophic, and radioactive spent fuel storage pond (INP) located on the Sellafield site was analyzed. Water samples were collected from sample points within the INP complex, and also the purge water feeding tank (FT) that supplies water to the pond, and were screened for the presence of the 16S and 18S rRNA genes to inform sequencing requirements over a period of 30 months. Only 16S rRNA genes were successfully amplified for sequencing, suggesting that the microbial communities in the INP were dominated by prokaryotes. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) analysis targeting 16S rRNA genes suggested that bacterial cells in the order of 104–106 mL–1 were present in the samples, with loadings rising with time. Next generation Illumina MiSeq sequencing was performed to identify the dominant microorganisms at eight sampling times. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that 70% and 91% from of the OTUs samples, from the FT and INP respectively, belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria, mainly from the alpha and beta subclasses. The remaining OTUs were assigned primarily to the phyla Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and, Cyanobacteria. Overall the most abundant genera identified were Hydrogenophaga, Curvibacter, Porphyrobacter, Rhodoferax, Polaromonas, Sediminibacterium, Roseococcus, and Sphingomonas. The presence of organisms most closely related to Hydrogenophaga species in the INP areas, suggests the metabolism of hydrogen as an energy source, most likely linked to hydrolysis of water caused by the stored fuel. Isolation of axenic cultures using a range of minimal and rich media was also attempted, but only relatively minor components (from the phylum Bacteroidetes) of the pond water communities were obtained, emphasizing the importance of DNA-based, not culture-dependent techniques, for assessing the microbiome of nuclear facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ruiz-Lopez
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester (UoM), Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Foster
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester (UoM), Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Boothman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester (UoM), Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Cole
- Sellafield Ltd., Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Morris
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester (UoM), Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester (UoM), Manchester, United Kingdom
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7
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In-field bioreactors demonstrate dynamic shifts in microbial communities in response to geochemical perturbations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232437. [PMID: 32986713 PMCID: PMC7521895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Subsurface microbial communities mediate the transformation and fate of redox sensitive materials including organic matter, metals and radionuclides. Few studies have explored how changing geochemical conditions influence the composition of groundwater microbial communities over time. We temporally monitored alterations in abiotic forces on microbial community structure using 1L in-field bioreactors receiving background and contaminated groundwater at the Oak Ridge Reservation, TN. Planktonic and biofilm microbial communities were initialized with background water for 4 days to establish communities in triplicate control reactors and triplicate test reactors and then fed filtered water for 14 days. On day 18, three reactors were switched to receive filtered groundwater from a contaminated well, enriched in total dissolved solids relative to the background site, particularly chloride, nitrate, uranium, and sulfate. Biological and geochemical data were collected throughout the experiment, including planktonic and biofilm DNA for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, cell counts, total protein, anions, cations, trace metals, organic acids, bicarbonate, pH, Eh, DO, and conductivity. We observed significant shifts in both planktonic and biofilm microbial communities receiving contaminated water. This included a loss of rare taxa, especially amongst members of the Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Betaproteobacteria, but enrichment in the Fe- and nitrate- reducing Ferribacterium and parasitic Bdellovibrio. These shifted communities were more similar to the contaminated well community, suggesting that geochemical forces substantially influence microbial community diversity and structure. These influences can only be captured through such comprehensive temporal studies, which also enable more robust and accurate predictive models to be developed.
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8
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Lekang K, Lanzén A, Jonassen I, Thompson E, Troedsson C. Evaluation of a eukaryote phylogenetic microarray for environmental monitoring of marine sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111102. [PMID: 32319925 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased exploitation of resources in sensitive marine ecosystems emphasizes the importance of knowledge regarding ecological impacts. However, current bio-monitoring practices are limited in terms of target-organisms and temporal resolution. Hence, developing new technologies is vital for enhanced ecosystem understanding. In this study, we have applied a prototype version of a phylogenetic microarray to assess the eukaryote community structures of marine sediments from an area with ongoing oil and gas drilling activity. The results were compared with data from both sequencing (metabarcoding) and morphology-based monitoring to evaluate whether microarrays were capable of detecting ecosystem disturbances. A significant correlation between microarray data and chemical pollution indicators, as well as sequencing-based results, was demonstrated, and several potential indicator organisms for pollution-associated parameters were identified, among them a large fraction of microorganisms not covered by traditional morphology-based monitoring. This suggests that microarrays have a potential in future environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Lekang
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders Lanzén
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Pasaia, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Eric Thompson
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORCE, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christofer Troedsson
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORCE, Bergen, Norway; Ocean Bergen AS, Bergen, Norway
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Lam BR, Barge LM, Noell AC, Nealson KH. Detecting Endogenous Microbial Metabolism and Differentiating Between Abiotic and Biotic Signals Observed by Bioelectrochemical Systems in Soils. ASTROBIOLOGY 2020; 20:39-52. [PMID: 31560219 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Unambiguous detection of chemical and physical signatures of microbial life on Mars or other solar system bodies requires differentiation between signals produced by biotic and abiotic processes; instruments aimed at generalized in situ extant life detection would therefore increase the science return of a life-detection mission. Here, we investigate Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES) as a technique to measure microbial metabolism (which produces electrical current and redox changes) and distinguish between potential abiotic and biotic responses in environmental samples. Samples from inhabited niches should contain everything necessary to produce current, that is, catalysts (microorganisms) and fuel (nutrients). BES can also probe for inactive organisms in less energetically rich areas by adding a fuel to drive metabolism. A commercial potting soil and a Mars simulant soil were inoculated in the anodic chamber of microbial fuel cells, and current was monitored over time. Addition of a fuel (electron donor) source was tested for metabolic stimulation of endogenous microbes. Redox reactions between Mars simulant soil and the introduced electron donor (lactate) produced false-positive results, emphasizing the importance of careful interpretation of signals obtained. The addition of lactate to both soils resulted in enhanced biologically produced current, allowing stimulation and detection of dormant microbes. Our results demonstrate that BES provide an approach to detect metabolism in samples without prior knowledge of the organisms present, and that thorough electrochemical analyses and experimental design are necessary to determine if signals are biotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonita R Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura M Barge
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Aaron C Noell
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Kenneth H Nealson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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10
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Romero S, Nastasa A, Chapman A, Kwong WK, Foster LJ. The honey bee gut microbiota: strategies for study and characterization. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:455-472. [PMID: 30652367 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota research is an emerging field that improves our understanding of the ecological and functional dynamics of gut environments. The honey bee gut microbiota is a highly rewarding community to study, as honey bees are critical pollinators of many crops for human consumption and produce valuable commodities such as honey and wax. Most significantly, unique characteristics of the Apis mellifera gut habitat make it a valuable model system. This review discusses methods and pipelines used in the study of the gut microbiota of Ap. mellifera and closely related species for four main purposes: identifying microbiota taxonomy, characterizing microbiota genomes (microbiome), characterizing microbiota-microbiota interactions and identifying functions of the microbial community in the gut. The purpose of this contribution is to increase understanding of honey bee gut microbiota, to facilitate bee microbiota and microbiome research in general and to aid design of future experiments in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Romero
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Nastasa
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Chapman
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W K Kwong
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sulfate reduction by a haloalkaliphilic bench-scale sulfate-reducing bioreactor and its bacterial communities at different depths. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Stewart RD, Auffret MD, Snelling TJ, Roehe R, Watson M. MAGpy: a reproducible pipeline for the downstream analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Bioinformatics 2019; 35:2150-2152. [PMID: 30418481 PMCID: PMC6581432 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Metagenomics is a powerful tool for assaying the DNA from every genome present in an environment. Recent advances in bioinformatics have enabled the rapid assembly of near-complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and there is a need for reproducible pipelines that can annotate and characterize thousands of genomes simultaneously, to enable identification and functional characterization. RESULTS Here we present MAGpy, a scalable and reproducible pipeline that takes multiple genome assemblies as FASTA and compares them to several public databases, checks quality, suggests a taxonomy and draws a phylogenetic tree. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION MAGpy is available on github: https://github.com/WatsonLab/MAGpy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Stewart
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
| | | | - Timothy J Snelling
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Mick Watson
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
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Culturomics of the plant prokaryotic microbiome and the dawn of plant-based culture media - A review. J Adv Res 2019; 19:15-27. [PMID: 31341666 PMCID: PMC6630032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant microbiome culturomics is substantially lagging behind the human microbiome. Conventional chemically-synthetic culture media recover < 10% of plant-associated microbiota. Plant-based culture media (PCM) are introduced as a novel tool for plant microbiome culturomics. PCM extended the microbiota culturability to recover unculturable bacterial taxa. Streamlined- and large-genomes conspicuously contribute to the dilemma of unculturability.
Improving cultivability of a wider range of bacterial and archaeal community members, living natively in natural environments and within plants, is a prerequisite to better understanding plant-microbiota interactions and their functions in such very complex systems. Sequencing, assembling, and annotation of pure microbial strain genomes provide higher quality data compared to environmental metagenome analyses, and can substantially improve gene and protein database information. Despite the comprehensive knowledge which already was gained using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic methods, there still exists a big gap in understanding in vivo microbial gene functioning in planta, since many differentially expressed genes or gene families are not yet annotated. Here, the progress in culturing procedures for plant microbiota depending on plant-based culture media, and their proficiency in obtaining single prokaryotic isolates of novel and rapidly increasing candidate phyla are reviewed. As well, the great success of culturomics of the human microbiota is considered with the main objective of encouraging microbiologists to continue minimizing the gap between the microbial richness in nature and the number of species in culture, for the benefit of both basic and applied microbiology. The clear message to fellow plant microbiologists is to apply plant-tailored culturomic techniques that might open up novel procedures to obtain not-yet-cultured organisms and extend the known plant microbiota repertoire to unprecedented levels.
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Abstract
Chip-SIP is a stable isotope probing (SIP) method for linking microbial identity and function in mixed communities and is capable of analyzing multiple isotopes (13C, 15N, and 18O) simultaneously. This method uses a high-density microarray to separate taxon-specific 16S (or 18S) rRNA genes and a high sensitivity magnetic sector secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) to determine the relative isotope incorporation of the rRNA at each probe location. Using a maskless array synthesizer (MAS), we synthesize multiple unique sequences to target hundreds of taxa at the ribosomal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level on an array surface, and then analyze it with a NanoSIMS 50, using its high-spatial resolution imaging capability to generate isotope ratios for individual probes. The Chip-SIP method has been used in diverse systems, including surface marine and estuarine water, rhizosphere, and peat soils, to quantify taxon-specific relative incorporation of different substrates in complex microbial communities. Depending on the hypothesis and experimental design, Chip-SIP allows the user to compare the same community incorporating different substrates, different communities incorporating the same substrate(s), or quantify how a community responds to treatment effects, such as temperature or nutrient concentrations.
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15
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Development and testing of an 18S rRNA phylogenetic microarray for marine sediments. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:95-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Hemmat-Jou MH, Safari-Sinegani AA, Mirzaie-Asl A, Tahmourespour A. Analysis of microbial communities in heavy metals-contaminated soils using the metagenomic approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1281-1291. [PMID: 30242595 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution occurring at mining sites has adverse impacts on soil microbial diversity. New approaches, such as metagenomics approach, have become a powerful tool to investigate biodiversity of soil microbial communities. In the current study, metagenomics approach was used to investigate the microbial diversity of soils contaminated with different concentrations of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The contaminated soils were collected from a Pb and Zn mine. The soil total DNA was extracted and 16S rDNA genes were amplified using universal primers. The PCR amplicons were sequenced and bioinformatic analysis of metagenomes was conducted to identify prokaryotic diversity in the Pb- and Zn-contaminated soils. The results indicated that the ten most abundant bacteria in all samples were Solirubrobacter (Actinobacteria), Geobacter (Proteobacteria), Edaphobacter (Acidobacteria), Pseudomonas (Proteobacteria), Gemmatiomonas (Gemmatimonadetes), Nitrosomonas, Xanthobacter, and Sphingomonas (Proteobacteria), Pedobacter (Bacterioidetes), and Ktedonobacter (Chloroflexi), descendingly. Archaea were also numerous, and Nitrososphaerales which are important in the nitrogen cycle had the highest abundance in the samples. Although, alpha and beta diversity showed negative effects of Pb and Zn contamination on soil microbial communities, microbial diversity of the contaminated soils was not subjected to a significant change. This study provided valuable insights into microbial composition in heavy metals-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Hemmat-Jou
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838695, Iran.
| | - A A Safari-Sinegani
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838695, Iran
| | - A Mirzaie-Asl
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838695, Iran
| | - A Tahmourespour
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Bacterial Community Shift and Coexisting/Coexcluding Patterns Revealed by Network Analysis in a Uranium-Contaminated Site after Bioreduction Followed by Reoxidation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02885-17. [PMID: 29453264 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02885-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A site in Oak Ridge, TN, USA, has sediments that contain >3% iron oxides and is contaminated with uranium (U). The U(VI) was bioreduced to U(IV) and immobilized in situ through intermittent injections of ethanol. It then was allowed to reoxidize via the invasion of low-pH (3.6 to 4.0), high-nitrate (up to 200 mM) groundwater back into the reduced zone for 1,383 days. To examine the biogeochemical response, high-throughput sequencing and network analysis were applied to characterize bacterial population shifts, as well as cooccurrence and coexclusion patterns among microbial communities. A paired t test indicated no significant changes of α-diversity for the bioactive wells. However, both nonmetric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarity confirmed a significant distinction in the overall composition of the bacterial communities between the bioreduced and the reoxidized sediments. The top 20 major genera accounted for >70% of the cumulative contribution to the dissimilarity in the bacterial communities before and after the groundwater invasion. Castellaniella had the largest dissimilarity contribution (17.7%). For the bioactive wells, the abundance of the U(VI)-reducing genera Geothrix, Desulfovibrio, Ferribacterium, and Geobacter decreased significantly, whereas the denitrifying Acidovorax abundance increased significantly after groundwater invasion. Additionally, seven genera, i.e., Castellaniella, Ignavibacterium, Simplicispira, Rhizomicrobium, Acidobacteria Gp1, Acidobacteria Gp14, and Acidobacteria Gp23, were significant indicators of bioactive wells in the reoxidation stage. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that nitrate, manganese, and pH affected mostly the U(VI)-reducing genera and indicator genera. Cooccurrence patterns among microbial taxa suggested the presence of taxa sharing similar ecological niches or mutualism/commensalism/synergism interactions.IMPORTANCE High-throughput sequencing technology in combination with a network analysis approach were used to investigate the stabilization of uranium and the corresponding dynamics of bacterial communities under field conditions with regard to the heterogeneity and complexity of the subsurface over the long term. The study also examined diversity and microbial community composition shift, the common genera, and indicator genera before and after long-term contaminated-groundwater invasion and the relationship between the target functional community structure and environmental factors. Additionally, deciphering cooccurrence and coexclusion patterns among microbial taxa and environmental parameters could help predict potential biotic interactions (cooperation/competition), shared physiologies, or habitat affinities, thus, improving our understanding of ecological niches occupied by certain specific species. These findings offer new insights into compositions of and associations among bacterial communities and serve as a foundation for future bioreduction implementation and monitoring efforts applied to uranium-contaminated sites.
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Christensen GA, Moon J, Veach AM, Mosher JJ, Wymore AM, van Nostrand JD, Zhou J, Hazen TC, Arkin AP, Elias DA. Use of in-field bioreactors demonstrate groundwater filtration influences planktonic bacterial community assembly, but not biofilm composition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194663. [PMID: 29558522 PMCID: PMC5860781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Using in-field bioreactors, we investigated the influence of exogenous microorganisms in groundwater planktonic and biofilm microbial communities as part of the Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC). After an acclimation period with source groundwater, bioreactors received either filtered (0.22 μM filter) or unfiltered well groundwater in triplicate and communities were tracked routinely for 23 days after filtration was initiated. To address geochemical influences, the planktonic phase was assayed periodically for protein, organic acids, physico-/geochemical measurements and bacterial community (via 16S rRNA gene sequencing), while biofilms (i.e. microbial growth on sediment coupons) were targeted for bacterial community composition at the completion of the experiment (23 d). Based on Bray-Curtis distance, planktonic bacterial community composition varied temporally and between treatments (filtered, unfiltered bioreactors). Notably, filtration led to an increase in the dominant genus, Zoogloea relative abundance over time within the planktonic community, while remaining relatively constant when unfiltered. At day 23, biofilm communities were more taxonomically and phylogenetically diverse and substantially different from planktonic bacterial communities; however, the biofilm bacterial communities were similar regardless of filtration. These results suggest that although planktonic communities were sensitive to groundwater filtration, bacterial biofilm communities were stable and resistant to filtration. Bioreactors are useful tools in addressing questions pertaining to microbial community assembly and succession. These data provide a first step in understanding how an extrinsic factor, such as a groundwater inoculation and flux of microbial colonizers, impact how microbial communities assemble in environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff A. Christensen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - JiWon Moon
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Allison M. Veach
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Mosher
- Marshall University, Biological Sciences, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Wymore
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Jizhong Zhou
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Terry C. Hazen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Adam P. Arkin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Dwayne A. Elias
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Godoy-Vitorino F, Toledo-Hernandez C. Reef-Building Corals as a Tool for Climate Change Research in the Genomics Era. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 65:529-546. [PMID: 30083934 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Coral reef ecosystems are among the most biodiverse habitats in the marine realm. They not only contribute with a plethora of ecosystem services, but they also are beneficial to humankind via nurturing marine fisheries and sustaining recreational activities. We will discuss the biology of coral reefs and their ecophysiology including the complex bacterial microbiota associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto-Rico-School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.
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20
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Finstad KM, Probst AJ, Thomas BC, Andersen GL, Demergasso C, Echeverría A, Amundson RG, Banfield JF. Microbial Community Structure and the Persistence of Cyanobacterial Populations in Salt Crusts of the Hyperarid Atacama Desert from Genome-Resolved Metagenomics. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1435. [PMID: 28804480 PMCID: PMC5532433 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although once thought to be devoid of biology, recent studies have identified salt deposits as oases for life in the hyperarid Atacama Desert. To examine spatial patterns of microbial species and key nutrient sources, we genomically characterized 26 salt crusts from three sites along a fog gradient. The communities are dominated by a large variety of Halobacteriales and Bacteroidetes, plus a few algal and Cyanobacterial species. CRISPR locus analysis suggests the distribution of a single Cyanobacterial population among all sites. This is in stark contrast to the extremely high sample specificity of most other community members. Only present at the highest moisture site is a genomically characterized Thermoplasmatales archaeon (Marine Group II) and six Nanohaloarchaea, one of which is represented by a complete genome. Parcubacteria (OD1) and Saccharibacteria (TM7), not previously reported from hypersaline environments, were found at low abundances. We found no indication of a N2 fixation pathway in the communities, suggesting acquisition of bioavailable nitrogen from atmospherically derived nitrate. Samples cluster by site based on bacterial and archaeal abundance patterns and photosynthetic capacity decreases with increasing distance from the ocean. We conclude that moisture level, controlled by coastal fog intensity, is the strongest driver of community membership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari M. Finstad
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, BerkeleyCA, United States
| | - Alexander J. Probst
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, BerkeleyCA, United States
| | - Brian C. Thomas
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, BerkeleyCA, United States
| | - Gary L. Andersen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, BerkeleyCA, United States
- Ecology Department, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, BerkeleyCA, United States
| | - Cecilia Demergasso
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del NorteAntofagasta, Chile
| | - Alex Echeverría
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del NorteAntofagasta, Chile
| | - Ronald G. Amundson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, BerkeleyCA, United States
| | - Jillian F. Banfield
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, BerkeleyCA, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, BerkeleyCA, United States
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21
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Yabe S, Sakai Y, Abe K, Yokota A. Diversity of Ktedonobacteria with Actinomycetes-Like Morphology in Terrestrial Environments. Microbes Environ 2017; 32:61-70. [PMID: 28321007 PMCID: PMC5371077 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria with an actinomycetes-like morphology have recently been discovered, and the class Ktedonobacteria was created for these bacteria in the phylum Chloroflexi. They may prove to be a valuable resource with the potential to produce unprecedented secondary metabolites. However, our understanding of their diversity, richness, habitat, and ecological significance is very limited. We herein developed a 16S rRNA gene-targeted, Ktedonobacteria-specific primer and analyzed ktedonobacterial amplicons. We investigated abundance, diversity, and community structure in forest and garden soils, sand, bark, geothermal sediment, and compost. Forest soils had the highest diversity among the samples tested (1181-2934 operational taxonomic units [OTUs]; Chao 1 estimate, 2503-5613; Shannon index, 4.21-6.42). A phylogenetic analysis of representative OTUs revealed at least eight groups within unclassified Ktedonobacterales, expanding the known diversity of this order. Ktedonobacterial communities markedly varied among our samples. The common mesic environments (soil, sand, and bark) were dominated by diverse phylotypes within the eight groups. In contrast, compost and geothermal sediment samples were dominated by known ktedonobacterial families (Thermosporotrichaceae and Thermogemmatisporaceae, respectively). The relative abundance of Ktedonobacteria in the communities, based on universal primers, was ≤0.8%, but was 12.9% in the geothermal sediment. These results suggest that unknown diverse Ktedonobacteria inhabit common environments including forests, gardens, and sand at low abundances, as well as extreme environments such as geothermal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yabe
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University
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22
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King AJ, Preheim SP, Bailey KL, Robeson MS, Roy Chowdhury T, Crable BR, Hurt RA, Mehlhorn T, Lowe KA, Phelps TJ, Palumbo AV, Brandt CC, Brown SD, Podar M, Zhang P, Lancaster WA, Poole F, Watson DB, W Fields M, Chandonia JM, Alm EJ, Zhou J, Adams MWW, Hazen TC, Arkin AP, Elias DA. Temporal Dynamics of In-Field Bioreactor Populations Reflect the Groundwater System and Respond Predictably to Perturbation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2879-2889. [PMID: 28112946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporal variability complicates testing the influences of environmental variability on microbial community structure and thus function. An in-field bioreactor system was developed to assess oxic versus anoxic manipulations on in situ groundwater communities. Each sample was sequenced (16S SSU rRNA genes, average 10,000 reads), and biogeochemical parameters are monitored by quantifying 53 metals, 12 organic acids, 14 anions, and 3 sugars. Changes in dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and other variables were similar across bioreactors. Sequencing revealed a complex community that fluctuated in-step with the groundwater community and responded to DO. This also directly influenced the pH, and so the biotic impacts of DO and pH shifts are correlated. A null model demonstrated that bioreactor communities were driven in part not only by experimental conditions but also by stochastic variability and did not accurately capture alterations in diversity during perturbations. We identified two groups of abundant OTUs important to this system; one was abundant in high DO and pH and contained heterotrophs and oxidizers of iron, nitrite, and ammonium, whereas the other was abundant in low DO with the capability to reduce nitrate. In-field bioreactors are a powerful tool for capturing natural microbial community responses to alterations in geochemical factors beyond the bulk phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J King
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
| | - Sarah P Preheim
- Department of Environmental Health and Enginering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kathryn L Bailey
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
| | - Michael S Robeson
- Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Taniya Roy Chowdhury
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
| | - Bryan R Crable
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
| | - Richard A Hurt
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tonia Mehlhorn
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
| | - Kenneth A Lowe
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
| | - Tommy J Phelps
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
| | - Anthony V Palumbo
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
| | - Craig C Brandt
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
| | - Steven D Brown
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Mircea Podar
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - W Andrew Lancaster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Farris Poole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - David B Watson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
| | - Matthew W Fields
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - John-Marc Chandonia
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory , Berkley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric J Alm
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusets Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma , Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Michael W W Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Terry C Hazen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory , Berkley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dwayne A Elias
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Li D, Hu N, Sui Y, Ding D, Li K, Li G, Wang Y. Influence of bicarbonate on the abundance of microbial communities capable of reducing U(vi) in groundwater. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09795f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
7 experiments amended with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mM initial concentrations of bicarbonate were conducted to investigate the influence of different concentrations of bicarbonate on the abundance of microbial communities capable of reducing U(vi) in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianxin Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy
- University of South China
- 421001 Hengyang
- China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy
- University of South China
- 421001 Hengyang
- China
| | - Yang Sui
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy
- University of South China
- 421001 Hengyang
- China
| | - Dexin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy
- University of South China
- 421001 Hengyang
- China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy
- University of South China
- 421001 Hengyang
- China
| | - Guangyue Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy
- University of South China
- 421001 Hengyang
- China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy
- University of South China
- 421001 Hengyang
- China
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24
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Majumder ELW, Wall JD. Uranium Bio-Transformations: Chemical or Biological Processes? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ojic.2017.72003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Marques CR. Bio-rescue of marine environments: On the track of microbially-based metal/metalloid remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:165-180. [PMID: 27161138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent awareness of the huge relevance of marine resources and ecological services is driving regulatory demands for their protection from overwhelming contaminants, such as metals/metalloids. These contaminants enter and accumulate in different marine niches, hence deeply compromising their quality and integrity. Bioremediation has been flourishing to counteract metal/metalloid impacts, since it provides cost-effective and sustainable options by relying on ecology-based technologies. The potential of marine microbes for metal/metalloid bioremediation is the core of many studies, due to their high plasticity to overcome successive environmental hurdles. However, any thorough review on the advances of metal/metalloid bioremediation in marine environments was so far unveiled. This review is designed to (i) outline the characteristics and potential of marine microbes for metal/metalloid bioremediation, (ii) describe the underlying pathways of resistance and detoxification, as well as useful methodologies for their characterization, (iii) identify major bottlenecks on metal/metalloid bioremediation with marine microbes, (iv) present alternative strategies based on microbial consortia and engineered microbes for enhanced bioremediation, and (v) propose key research avenues to keep pace with a changing society, science and economy in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina R Marques
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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26
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Belykh MP, Petrov SV, Chikin AJ, Belkova NL. Genetic diversity of bacteria adapted to cyanide-bearing compounds in the technogenic ecosystems as detected by 16S rDNA sequences. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2016; 9:563-573. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425516050012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
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Giloteaux L, Goodrich JK, Walters WA, Levine SM, Ley RE, Hanson MR. Reduced diversity and altered composition of the gut microbiome in individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. MICROBIOME 2016; 4:30. [PMID: 27338587 PMCID: PMC4918027 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal disturbances are among symptoms commonly reported by individuals diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). However, whether ME/CFS is associated with an altered microbiome has remained uncertain. Here, we profiled gut microbial diversity by sequencing 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes from stool as well as inflammatory markers from serum for cases (n = 48) and controls (n = 39). We also examined a set of inflammatory markers in blood: C-reactive protein (CRP), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), and soluble CD14 (sCD14). RESULTS We observed elevated levels of some blood markers for microbial translocation in ME/CFS patients; levels of LPS, LBP, and sCD14 were elevated in ME/CFS subjects. Levels of LBP correlated with LPS and sCD14 and LPS levels correlated with sCD14. Through deep sequencing of bacterial rRNA markers, we identified differences between the gut microbiomes of healthy individuals and patients with ME/CFS. We observed that bacterial diversity was decreased in the ME/CFS specimens compared to controls, in particular, a reduction in the relative abundance and diversity of members belonging to the Firmicutes phylum. In the patient cohort, we find less diversity as well as increases in specific species often reported to be pro-inflammatory species and reduction in species frequently described as anti-inflammatory. Using a machine learning approach trained on the data obtained from 16S rRNA and inflammatory markers, individuals were classified correctly as ME/CFS with a cross-validation accuracy of 82.93 %. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in this disease and further suggest an increased incidence of microbial translocation, which may play a role in inflammatory symptoms in ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Giloteaux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Julia K Goodrich
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - William A Walters
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Ruth E Ley
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maureen R Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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29
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Hu N, Ding DX, Li SM, Tan X, Li GY, Wang YD, Xu F. Bioreduction of U(VI) and stability of immobilized uranium under suboxic conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 154:60-67. [PMID: 26854555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the bioreduction of U(VI) and stability of immobilized uranium under suboxic conditions, microcosm were amended with ethanol, lactate and glucose, and incubated under suboxic conditions. During the incubation, total dissolved U in amended microcosms decreased from 0.95 mg/L to 0.03 mg/L. Pyrosequencing results showed that, the proportion of anaerobic microorganisms capable of reducing U(VI) under suboxic conditions was small compared with that under anoxic conditions; the proportion of aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms capable of consuming the dissolved oxygen was large; and some of the facultative anaerobic microorganisms could reduce U(VI). These results indicated that different microbial communities were responsible for the bioreduction of U(VI) under suboxic and anoxic conditions. After the electron donors were exhausted, total dissolved U in the amended microcosms remained unchanged, while the U(VI)/U(IV) ratio in the solid phase of sediments increased obviously. This implied that the performance of bioreduction of the U(VI) can be maintained under suboxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - De-xin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Shi-mi Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Guang-yue Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yong-dong Wang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
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The Role of Bacterial Spores in Metal Cycling and Their Potential Application in Metal Contaminant Bioremediation. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4. [DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.tbs-0018-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Bacteria are one of the premier biological forces that, in combination with chemical and physical forces, drive metal availability in the environment. Bacterial spores, when found in the environment, are often considered to be dormant and metabolically inactive, in a resting state waiting for favorable conditions for them to germinate. However, this is a highly oversimplified view of spores in the environment. The surface of bacterial spores represents a potential site for chemical reactions to occur. Additionally, proteins in the outer layers (spore coats or exosporium) may also have more specific catalytic activity. As a consequence, bacterial spores can play a role in geochemical processes and may indeed find uses in various biotechnological applications. The aim of this review is to introduce the role of bacteria and bacterial spores in biogeochemical cycles and their potential use as toxic metal bioremediation agents.
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31
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Orgiazzi A, Panagos P, Yigini Y, Dunbar MB, Gardi C, Montanarella L, Ballabio C. A knowledge-based approach to estimating the magnitude and spatial patterns of potential threats to soil biodiversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 545-546:11-20. [PMID: 26745288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increasing pressures exerted on soil, below-ground life is under threat. Knowledge-based rankings of potential threats to different components of soil biodiversity were developed in order to assess the spatial distribution of threats on a European scale. A list of 13 potential threats to soil biodiversity was proposed to experts with different backgrounds in order to assess the potential for three major components of soil biodiversity: soil microorganisms, fauna, and biological functions. This approach allowed us to obtain knowledge-based rankings of threats. These classifications formed the basis for the development of indices through an additive aggregation model that, along with ad-hoc proxies for each pressure, allowed us to preliminarily assess the spatial patterns of potential threats. Intensive exploitation was identified as the highest pressure. In contrast, the use of genetically modified organisms in agriculture was considered as the threat with least potential. The potential impact of climate change showed the highest uncertainty. Fourteen out of the 27 considered countries have more than 40% of their soils with moderate-high to high potential risk for all three components of soil biodiversity. Arable soils are the most exposed to pressures. Soils within the boreal biogeographic region showed the lowest risk potential. The majority of soils at risk are outside the boundaries of protected areas. First maps of risks to three components of soil biodiversity based on the current scientific knowledge were developed. Despite the intrinsic limits of knowledge-based assessments, a remarkable potential risk to soil biodiversity was observed. Guidelines to preliminarily identify and circumscribe soils potentially at risk are provided. This approach may be used in future research to assess threat at both local and global scale and identify areas of possible risk and, subsequently, design appropriate strategies for monitoring and protection of soil biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Orgiazzi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Land Resource Management Unit, Via E. Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Land Resource Management Unit, Via E. Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Yusuf Yigini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Land Resource Management Unit, Via E. Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Martha B Dunbar
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Land Resource Management Unit, Via E. Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Ciro Gardi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Land Resource Management Unit, Via E. Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy; European Food Safety Authority, Animal and Plant Health, Via Carlo Magno, 1A, 43126 Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Montanarella
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Land Resource Management Unit, Via E. Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Cristiano Ballabio
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Land Resource Management Unit, Via E. Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
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Jabari L, Gannoun H, Khelifi E, Cayol JL, Godon JJ, Hamdi M, Fardeau ML. Bacterial ecology of abattoir wastewater treated by an anaerobic digestor. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:73-84. [PMID: 26887229 PMCID: PMC4822766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater from an anaerobic treatment plant at a slaughterhouse was analysed to determine the bacterial biodiversity present. Molecular analysis of the anaerobic sludge obtained from the treatment plant showed significant diversity, as 27 different phyla were identified. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Thermotogae, Euryarchaeota (methanogens), and msbl6 (candidate division) were the dominant phyla of the anaerobic treatment plant and represented 21.7%, 18.5%, 11.5%, 9.4%, 8.9%, and 8.8% of the total bacteria identified, respectively. The dominant bacteria isolated were Clostridium, Bacteroides, Desulfobulbus, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum. Our results revealed the presence of new species, genera and families of microorganisms. The most interesting strains were characterised. Three new bacteria involved in anaerobic digestion of abattoir wastewater were published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jabari
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MOI, UM 110, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Hana Gannoun
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Université Tunis El Manar, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis (ISSBAT) 9, avenue Zouhaïer Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Eltaief Khelifi
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Luc Cayol
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MOI, UM 110, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Godon
- INRA U050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Étangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la terre, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Laure Fardeau
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MOI, UM 110, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France.
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Paul D, Kumbhare SV, Mhatre SS, Chowdhury SP, Shetty SA, Marathe NP, Bhute S, Shouche YS. Exploration of Microbial Diversity and Community Structure of Lonar Lake: The Only Hypersaline Meteorite Crater Lake within Basalt Rock. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1553. [PMID: 26834712 PMCID: PMC4722114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonar Lake is a hypersaline and hyperalkaline soda lake and the only meteorite impact crater in the world situated in basalt rocks. Although culture-dependent studies have been reported, a comprehensive understanding of microbial community composition and structure in Lonar Lake remains elusive. In the present study, microbial community structure associated with Lonar Lake sediment and water samples was investigated using high-throughput sequencing. Microbial diversity analysis revealed the existence of diverse, yet largely consistent communities. Proteobacteria (30%), Actinobacteria (24%), Firmicutes (11%), and Cyanobacteria (5%) predominated in the sequencing survey, whereas Bacteroidetes (1.12%), BD1-5 (0.5%), Nitrospirae (0.41%), and Verrucomicrobia (0.28%) were detected in relatively minor abundances in the Lonar Lake ecosystem. Within the Proteobacteria phylum, the Gammaproteobacteria represented the most abundantly detected class (21–47%) within sediment samples, but only a minor population in the water samples. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were found at significantly higher abundance (p ≥ 0.05) in sediment samples, whereas members of Actinobacteria, Candidate division TM7 and Cyanobacteria (p ≥ 0.05) were significantly abundant in water samples. Compared to the microbial communities of other hypersaline soda lakes, those of Lonar Lake formed a distinct cluster, suggesting a different microbial community composition and structure. Here we report for the first time, the difference in composition of indigenous microbial communities between the sediment and water samples of Lonar Lake. An improved census of microbial community structure in this Lake ecosystem provides a foundation for exploring microbial biogeochemical cycling and microbial function in hypersaline lake environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Paul
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune, India
| | - Shreyas V Kumbhare
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune, India
| | - Snehit S Mhatre
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune, India
| | - Somak P Chowdhury
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune, India
| | - Sudarshan A Shetty
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune, India
| | - Nachiket P Marathe
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune, India
| | - Shrikant Bhute
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune, India
| | - Yogesh S Shouche
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule University of Pune Campus Pune, India
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Parisot N, Peyretaillade E, Dugat-Bony E, Denonfoux J, Mahul A, Peyret P. Probe Design Strategies for Oligonucleotide Microarrays. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1368:67-82. [PMID: 26614069 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3136-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide microarrays have been widely used for gene detection and/or quantification of gene expression in various samples ranging from a single organism to a complex microbial assemblage. The success of a microarray experiment, however, strongly relies on the quality of designed probes. Consequently, probe design is of critical importance and therefore multiple parameters should be considered for each probe in order to ensure high specificity, sensitivity, and uniformity as well as potentially quantitative power. Moreover, to assess the complete gene repertoire of complex biological samples such as those studied in the field of microbial ecology, exploratory probe design strategies must be also implemented to target not-yet-described sequences. To design such probes, two algorithms, KASpOD and HiSpOD, have been developed and they are available via two user-friendly web services. Here, we describe the use of this software necessary for the design of highly effective probes especially in the context of microbial oligonucleotide microarrays by taking into account all the crucial parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Parisot
- Université d'Auvergne, EA 4678, CIDAM, Clermont Université, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Peyretaillade
- Université d'Auvergne, EA 4678, CIDAM, Clermont Université, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Dugat-Bony
- Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Centre de Biotechnologies Agro-Industrielles, INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR 782, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Jérémie Denonfoux
- Genomic Platform and R&D, Genoscreen, Campus de l'Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | | | - Pierre Peyret
- Université d'Auvergne, EA 4678, CIDAM, Clermont Université, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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35
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Fabisch M, Freyer G, Johnson CA, Büchel G, Akob DM, Neu TR, Küsel K. Dominance of 'Gallionella capsiferriformans' and heavy metal association with Gallionella-like stalks in metal-rich pH 6 mine water discharge. GEOBIOLOGY 2016; 14:68-90. [PMID: 26407813 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-contaminated, pH 6 mine water discharge created new streams and iron-rich terraces at a creek bank in a former uranium-mining area near Ronneburg, Germany. The transition from microoxic groundwater with ~5 mm Fe(II) to oxic surface water may provide a suitable habitat for microaerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB). In this study, we investigated the potential contribution of these FeOB to iron oxidation and metal retention in this high-metal environment. We (i) identified and quantified FeOB in water and sediment at the outflow, terraces, and creek, (ii) studied the composition of biogenic iron oxides (Gallionella-like twisted stalks) with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and (iii) examined the metal distribution in sediments. Using quantitative PCR, a very high abundance of FeOB was demonstrated at all sites over a 6-month study period. Gallionella spp. clearly dominated the communities, accounting for up to 88% of Bacteria, with a minor contribution of other FeOB such as Sideroxydans spp. and 'Ferrovum myxofaciens'. Classical 16S rRNA gene cloning showed that 96% of the Gallionella-related sequences had ≥ 97% identity to the putatively metal-tolerant 'Gallionella capsiferriformans ES-2', in addition to known stalk formers such as Gallionella ferruginea and Gallionellaceae strain R-1. Twisted stalks from glass slides incubated in water and sediment were composed of the Fe(III) oxyhydroxide ferrihydrite, as well as polysaccharides. SEM and scanning TEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that stalk material contained Cu and Sn, demonstrating the association of heavy metals with biogenic iron oxides and the potential for metal retention by these stalks. Sequential extraction of sediments suggested that Cu (52-61% of total sediment Cu) and other heavy metals were primarily bound to the iron oxide fractions. These results show the importance of 'G. capsiferriformans' and biogenic iron oxides in slightly acidic but highly metal-contaminated freshwater environments.
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MESH Headings
- Aerobiosis
- Biota
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Ferric Compounds/analysis
- Gallionellaceae/chemistry
- Gallionellaceae/classification
- Gallionellaceae/genetics
- Gallionellaceae/isolation & purification
- Germany
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Iron/metabolism
- Metals, Heavy/analysis
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxidation-Reduction
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Water/chemistry
- Water Microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fabisch
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - G Freyer
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - C A Johnson
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - G Büchel
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - D M Akob
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
| | - T R Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Küsel
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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36
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Brandt KK, Amézquita A, Backhaus T, Boxall A, Coors A, Heberer T, Lawrence JR, Lazorchak J, Schönfeld J, Snape JR, Zhu YG, Topp E. Ecotoxicological assessment of antibiotics: A call for improved consideration of microorganisms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:189-205. [PMID: 26411644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics play a pivotal role in the management of infectious disease in humans, companion animals, livestock, and aquaculture operations at a global scale. Antibiotics are produced, consumed, and released into the environment at an unprecedented scale causing concern that the presence of antibiotic residues may adversely impact aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Here we critically review the ecotoxicological assessment of antibiotics as related to environmental risk assessment (ERA). We initially discuss the need for more specific protection goals based on the ecosystem service concept, and suggest that the ERA of antibiotics, through the application of a mode of toxic action approach, should make more use of ecotoxicological endpoints targeting microorganisms (especially bacteria) and microbial communities. Key ecosystem services provided by microorganisms and associated ecosystem service-providing units (e.g. taxa or functional groups) are identified. Approaches currently available for elucidating ecotoxicological effects on microorganisms are reviewed in detail and we conclude that microbial community-based tests should be used to complement single-species tests to offer more targeted protection of key ecosystem services. Specifically, we propose that ecotoxicological tests should not only assess microbial community function, but also microbial diversity (‘species’ richness) and antibiotic susceptibility. Promising areas for future basic and applied research of relevance to ERA are highlighted throughout the text. In this regard, the most fundamental knowledge gaps probably relate to our rudimentary understanding of the ecological roles of antibiotics in nature and possible adverse effects of environmental pollution with subinhibitory levels of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian K Brandt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Sino Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Alejandro Amézquita
- Unilever-Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anja Coors
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Heberer
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Department 3: Veterinary Drugs, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - James Lazorchak
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jens Schönfeld
- Umweltbundesamt, Federal Environment Agency, Dessau, Germany
| | - Jason R Snape
- AstraZeneca Global Environment, Alderley Park, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada.
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37
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Sitte J, Löffler S, Burkhardt EM, Goldfarb KC, Büchel G, Hazen TC, Küsel K. Metals other than uranium affected microbial community composition in a historical uranium-mining site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19326-19341. [PMID: 26122566 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand the links between the long-term impact of uranium and other metals on microbial community composition, ground- and surface water-influenced soils varying greatly in uranium and metal concentrations were investigated at the former uranium-mining district in Ronneburg, Germany. A soil-based 16S PhyloChip approach revealed 2358 bacterial and 35 archaeal operational taxonomic units (OTU) within diverse phylogenetic groups with higher OTU numbers than at other uranium-contaminated sites, e.g., at Oak Ridge. Iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria (FeRB and SRB), which have the potential to attenuate uranium and other metals by the enzymatic and/or abiotic reduction of metal ions, were found at all sites. Although soil concentrations of solid-phase uranium were high, ranging from 5 to 1569 μg·g (dry weight) soil(-1), redundancy analysis (RDA) and forward selection indicated that neither total nor bio-available uranium concentrations contributed significantly to the observed OTU distribution. Instead, microbial community composition appeared to be influenced more by redox potential. Bacterial communities were also influenced by bio-available manganese and total cobalt and cadmium concentrations. Bio-available cadmium impacted FeRB distribution while bio-available manganese and copper as well as solid-phase zinc concentrations in the soil affected SRB composition. Archaeal communities were influenced by the bio-available lead as well as total zinc and cobalt concentrations. These results suggest that (i) microbial richness was not impacted by heavy metals and radionuclides and that (ii) redox potential and secondary metal contaminants had the strongest effect on microbial community composition, as opposed to uranium, the primary source of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sitte
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sylvia Löffler
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Earth Science, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Burkhardt
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Katherine C Goldfarb
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Georg Büchel
- Institute of Earth Science, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Terry C Hazen
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Biological Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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38
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Kaur G, Sharma R, Singh K, Sharma PK. Delineating bacterial community structure of polluted soil samples collected from cancer prone belt of Punjab, India. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:727-734. [PMID: 28324527 PMCID: PMC4569629 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
16S rRNA gene analysis has emerged as one of the valuable tools that are being utilized in investigating the molecular phylogenetic structure of the particular environment. Here, we embarked upon understanding and delineating the molecular phylogeny structure of microbes in polluted soil samples from cancer prone belt of the Punjab, India, which is highly contaminated with herbicide, pesticide and heavy metals. To investigate the bacterial phylogeny structure, a high-molecular weight metagenomic DNA was extracted from the soil samples, followed by PCR amplification, cloning and analysis of the 16S rRNA genes. Study employing 16S rRNA profiling of the community DNA revealed the presence of two major phylums: the Proteobacteria (26.7 %), the Bacteroidetes (11.2 %), and several minor groups, i.e., Acidobacteria (4.2 %), Actinobacteria (4.2 %), Firmicutes (2.8 %), Verrucomicrobia (2.8 %), Gemmatimonadetes (1.4 %) and Chloroflexi (1.4 %). Among the Proteobacteria, we mainly observed the α-Proteobacteria (18.3 %). Nearly, 38 % of the recovered 16S rRNA gene sequences in this study do not share similarity with known culturable bacterial sequences reported in the genebank data base and hence considered to be novel. More interestingly, 16S rRNA gene sequences of archaeal origin (7.0 %) were also recovered that primarily indicate change in their evolution pattern. A phylogenetic tree constructed based on alignment-dependent method revealed the extent of similarity these clones shared with each other, followed by alignment-independent methods that statistically confirmed the sequence variation among the clones. Despite the high level of contamination in the study area, we observed remarkable microbial diversity that mainly includes the Gram-negative bacteria. The presence of more Gram-negative bacteria indicates that they have evolved a robust mechanism to resist and cope up with these pollutants compared to Gram-positive groups. Investigation of the polluted soil samples employing culture-independent approach revealed important bacterial groups which could be engineered for future bioremediation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Pb, India
| | | | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pushpender K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Pb, India.
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Li D, Hu N, Ding D, Li S, Li G, Wang Y. An experimental study on the inhibitory effect of high concentration bicarbonate on the reduction of U(VI) in groundwater by functionalized indigenous microbial communities. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Subha B, Song YC, Woo JH. Optimization of biostimulant for bioremediation of contaminated coastal sediment by response surface methodology (RSM) and evaluation of microbial diversity by pyrosequencing. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 98:235-246. [PMID: 26139459 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to optimize the slow release biostimulant ball (BSB) for bioremediation of contaminated coastal sediment using response surface methodology (RSM). Different bacterial communities were evaluated using a pyrosequencing-based approach in contaminated coastal sediments. The effects of BSB size (1-5cm), distance (1-10cm) and time (1-4months) on changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile solid (VS) reduction were determined. Maximum reductions of COD and VS, 89.7% and 78.8%, respectively, were observed at a 3cm ball size, 5.5cm distance and 4months; these values are the optimum conditions for effective treatment of contaminated coastal sediment. Most of the variance in COD and VS (0.9291 and 0.9369, respectively) was explained in our chosen models. BSB is a promising method for COD and VS reduction and enhancement of SRB diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakthavachallam Subha
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young Chae Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Jung Hui Woo
- Nuclear Power Equipment Research Center, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, South Korea
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Geogenic Factors as Drivers of Microbial Community Diversity in Soils Overlying Polymetallic Deposits. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7822-32. [PMID: 26341204 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01856-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that the geogenic factors landform, lithology, and underlying mineral deposits (expressed by elevated metal concentrations in overlying soils) are key drivers of microbial community diversity in naturally metal-rich Australian soils with different land uses, i.e., agriculture versus natural bushland. One hundred sixty-eight soil samples were obtained from two metal-rich provinces in Australia, i.e., the Fifield Au-Pt field (New South Wales) and the Hillside Cu-Au-U rare-earth-element (REE) deposit (South Australia). Soils were analyzed using three-domain multiplex terminal-restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (M-TRFLP) and PhyloChip microarrays. Geogenic factors were determined using field-mapping techniques and analyses of >50 geochemical parameters. At Fifield, microbial communities differed significantly with geogenic factors and equally with land use (P < 0.05). At Hillside, communities in surface soils (0.03- to 0.2-m depth) differed significantly with landform and land use (P < 0.05). Communities in deeper soils (>0.2 m) differed significantly with lithology and mineral deposit (P < 0.05). Across both sites, elevated metal contents in soils overlying mineral deposits were selective for a range of bacterial taxa, most importantly Acidobacteria, Bacilli, Betaproteobacteria, and Epsilonproteobacteria. In conclusion, long-term geogenic factors can be just as important as land use in determining soil microbial community diversity.
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Converse BJ, McKinley JP, Resch CT, Roden EE. Microbial mineral colonization across a subsurface redox transition zone. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:858. [PMID: 26379637 PMCID: PMC4551860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study employed 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing to examine the hypothesis that chemolithotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) would preferentially colonize the Fe(II)-bearing mineral biotite compared to quartz sand when the minerals were incubated in situ within a subsurface redox transition zone (RTZ) at the Hanford 300 Area site in Richland, WA, USA. The work was motivated by the recently documented presence of neutral-pH chemolithotrophic FeOB capable of oxidizing structural Fe(II) in primary silicate and secondary phyllosilicate minerals in 300 Area sediments and groundwater (Benzine et al., 2013). Sterilized portions of sand+biotite or sand alone were incubated in situ for 5 months within a multilevel sampling (MLS) apparatus that spanned a ca. 2-m interval across the RTZ in two separate groundwater wells. Parallel MLS measurements of aqueous geochemical species were performed prior to deployment of the minerals. Contrary to expectations, the 16S rRNA gene libraries showed no significant difference in microbial communities that colonized the sand+biotite vs. sand-only deployments. Both mineral-associated and groundwater communities were dominated by heterotrophic taxa, with organisms from the Pseudomonadaceae accounting for up to 70% of all reads from the colonized minerals. These results are consistent with previous results indicating the capacity for heterotrophic metabolism (including anaerobic metabolism below the RTZ) as well as the predominance of heterotrophic taxa within 300 Area sediments and groundwater. Although heterotrophic organisms clearly dominated the colonized minerals, several putative lithotrophic (NH4 (+), H2, Fe(II), and HS(-) oxidizing) taxa were detected in significant abundance above and within the RTZ. Such organisms may play a role in the coupling of anaerobic microbial metabolism to oxidative pathways with attendant impacts on elemental cycling and redox-sensitive contaminant behavior in the vicinity of the RTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric E. Roden
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
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The airway microbiome in patients with severe asthma: Associations with disease features and severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26220531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is heterogeneous, and airway dysbiosis is associated with clinical features in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma. Whether similar relationships exist among patients with severe asthma is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate relationships between the bronchial microbiome and features of severe asthma. METHODS Bronchial brushings from 40 participants in the Bronchoscopic Exploratory Research Study of Biomarkers in Corticosteroid-refractory Asthma (BOBCAT) study were evaluated by using 16S ribosomal RNA-based methods. Relationships to clinical and inflammatory features were analyzed among microbiome-profiled subjects. Secondarily, bacterial compositional profiles were compared between patients with severe asthma and previously studied healthy control subjects (n = 7) and patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (n = 41). RESULTS In patients with severe asthma, bronchial bacterial composition was associated with several disease-related features, including body mass index (P < .05, Bray-Curtis distance-based permutational multivariate analysis of variance; PERMANOVA), changes in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores (P < .01), sputum total leukocyte values (P = .06), and bronchial biopsy eosinophil values (per square millimeter, P = .07). Bacterial communities associated with worsening ACQ scores and sputum total leukocyte values (predominantly Proteobacteria) differed markedly from those associated with body mass index (Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes). In contrast, improving/stable ACQ scores and bronchial epithelial gene expression of FK506 binding protein (FKBP5), an indicator of steroid responsiveness, correlated with Actinobacteria. Mostly negative correlations were observed between biopsy eosinophil values and Proteobacteria. No taxa were associated with a TH2-related epithelial gene expression signature, but expression of TH17-related genes was associated with Proteobacteria. Patients with severe asthma compared with healthy control subjects or patients with mild-to-moderate asthma were significantly enriched in Actinobacteria, although the largest differences observed involved a Klebsiella genus member (7.8-fold increase in patients with severe asthma, adjusted P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Specific microbiota are associated with and may modulate inflammatory processes in patients with severe asthma and related phenotypes. Airway dysbiosis in patients with severe asthma appears to differ from that observed in those with milder asthma in the setting of inhaled corticosteroid use.
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Li X, Harwood VJ, Nayak B, Staley C, Sadowsky MJ, Weidhaas J. A novel microbial source tracking microarray for pathogen detection and fecal source identification in environmental systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7319-7329. [PMID: 25970344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen detection and the identification of fecal contamination sources are challenging in environmental waters. Factors including pathogen diversity and ubiquity of fecal indicator bacteria hamper risk assessment and remediation of contamination sources. A custom microarray targeting pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa), microbial source tracking (MST) markers, and antibiotic resistance genes was tested against DNA obtained from whole genome amplification (WGA) of RNA and DNA from sewage and animal (avian, cattle, poultry, and swine) feces. Perfect and mismatch probes established the specificity of the microarray in sewage, and fluorescence decrease of positive probes over a 1:10 dilution series demonstrated semiquantitative measurement. Pathogens, including norovirus, Campylobacter fetus, Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enterica, and Giardia lamblia were detected in sewage, as well as MST markers and resistance genes to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and tetracycline. Sensitivity (percentage true positives) of MST results in sewage and animal waste samples (21-33%) was lower than specificity (83-90%, percentage of true negatives). Next generation DNA sequencing revealed two dominant bacterial families that were common to all sample types: Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Five dominant phyla and 15 dominant families comprised 97% and 74%, respectively, of sequences from all fecal sources. Phyla and families not represented on the microarray are possible candidates for inclusion in subsequent array designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- †Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6103, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Valerie J Harwood
- ‡Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Bina Nayak
- ‡Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Christopher Staley
- §BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- ∥Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jennifer Weidhaas
- †Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6103, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Firkins JL, Yu Z. RUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: How to use data on the rumen microbiome to improve our understanding of ruminant nutrition1,2. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:1450-70. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - Z. Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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Kim SA, Rubinelli PM, Park SH, Ricke SC. The nasal microbiota in health and disease: variation within and between subjects. Front Microbiol 2015; 9:134. [PMID: 25784909 PMCID: PMC5810306 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 5% of the adult population in Western societies and severely reduces the patient's quality of life. The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of this condition has not yet been established with certainty. However, recent reports of bacterial and fungal biofilms in CRS highlight a potential role for these microorganisms. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon pyrosequencing and qPCR were used to determine the composition and abundance, respectively, of the sinus microbiota within 9 patients with CRS and 6 healthy individuals. Within-patient variability was also investigated by sampling from anterior nares, inferior turbinate, and middle meatus on each side of the sinuses. Our results indicate that more of the variation in bacterial composition can be explained by inter-personal differences, rather than sampling location or even disease status. In addition, bacterial community diversity was significantly lower in CRS samples compared to those from healthy subjects, whereas bacterial load was not associated with disease status. Although members of the genera Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were prevalent in the majority of samples (including healthy subjects), the large amount of variation observed between individuals, particularly within the CRS cohort, suggests that an imbalance or dysbiosis in community structure could be the driving force behind the disease. Ultimately, understanding the causes of variation within the sinus microbiota may lead to more personalized treatment options for CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Saxena G, Marzinelli EM, Naing NN, He Z, Liang Y, Tom L, Mitra S, Ping H, Joshi UM, Reuben S, Mynampati KC, Mishra S, Umashankar S, Zhou J, Andersen GL, Kjelleberg S, Swarup S. Ecogenomics reveals metals and land-use pressures on microbial communities in the waterways of a megacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1462-1471. [PMID: 25564876 DOI: 10.1021/es504531s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Networks of engineered waterways are critical in meeting the growing water demands in megacities. To capture and treat rainwater in an energy-efficient manner, approaches can be developed for such networks that use ecological services from microbial communities. Traditionally, engineered waterways were regarded as homogeneous systems with little responsiveness of ecological communities and ensuing processes. This study provides ecogenomics-derived key information to explain the complexity of urban aquatic ecosystems in well-managed watersheds with densely interspersed land-use patterns. Overall, sedimentary microbial communities had higher richness and evenness compared to the suspended communities in water phase. On the basis of PERMANOVA analysis, variation in structure and functions of microbial communities over space within same land-use type was not significant. In contrast, this difference was significant between different land-use types, which had similar chemical profiles. Of the 36 environmental parameters from spatial analysis, only three metals, namely potassium, copper and aluminum significantly explained between 7% and 11% of the variation in taxa and functions, based on distance-based linear models (DistLM). The ecogenomics approach adopted here allows the identification of key drivers of microbial communities and their functions at watershed-scale. These findings can be used to enhance microbial services, which are critical to develop ecologically friendly waterways in rapidly urbanizing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourvendu Saxena
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) , Singapore , 637551
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Hermes G, Zoetendal E, Smidt H. Molecular ecological tools to decipher the role of our microbial mass in obesity. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:61-81. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
After birth, our gastrointestinal (GI) tract is colonised by a highly complex assemblage of microbes, collectively termed the GI microbiota, that develops intimate interactions with our body. Recent evidence indicates that the GI microbiota and its products may contribute to the development of obesity and related diseases. This, coupled with the current worldwide epidemic of obesity, has moved microbiome research into the spotlight of attention. Although the main cause of obesity and its associated metabolic complications is excess caloric intake compared with expenditure, differences in GI tract microbial ecology between individuals might be an important biomarker, mediator or new therapeutic target. This can be investigated using a diverse set of complementary so called -omics technologies, such as 16S ribosomal RNA gene-targeted composition profiling, metabolomics, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics. This review aims to describe the different molecular approaches and their contributions to our understanding of the role of the GI microbiota in host energy homeostasis. Correspondingly, we highlight their respective strengths, but also try to create awareness for their specific limitations. However, it is currently still unclear which bacterial groups play a role in the development of obesity in humans. This might partly be explained by the heterogeneity in genotype, lifestyle, diet and the complex ethology of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders (OAMD). Nevertheless, recent research on this matter has shown a conceptual shift by focusing on more homogenous subpopulations, through the use of both anthropometric (weight, total body fat) as well as biochemical variables (insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia) to define categories. Combined with technological advances, recent data suggests that an OAMD associated microbiota can be characterised by a potential pro-inflammatory composition, with less potential for the production of short chain fatty acids and butyrate in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.D.A. Hermes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E.G. Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H. Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Nucleic Acid-Based Methods of Analysis. Environ Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394626-3.00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Luan F, Zhang G, Senko JM, Burgos WD. Effects of supplemental organic carbon on long-term reduction and reoxidation of uranium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02550h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher concentration of ethanol supported more extensive sulfate reduction to sulfide, which protected biogenic UO2from oxidants reoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubo Luan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
| | - Gengxin Zhang
- Institute of Tibetan Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - John M. Senko
- Department of Geosciences and Department of Biology
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - William D. Burgos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
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