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McGrath AH, Lema K, Egan S, Wood G, Gonzalez SV, Kjelleberg S, Steinberg PD, Marzinelli EM. Publisher Correction: Disentangling direct vs indirect effects of microbiome manipulations in a habitat-forming marine holobiont. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:43. [PMID: 38702335 PMCID: PMC11068871 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Harry McGrath
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kimberley Lema
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina Wood
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute & School of Biological Sciences, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, The University of Western Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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Caley A, Marzinelli EM, Byrne M, Mayer-Pinto M. Artificial light at night and warming impact grazing rates and gonad index of the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240415. [PMID: 38628122 PMCID: PMC11021935 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing threat to coastal habitats, and is likely to exacerbate the impacts of other stressors. Kelp forests are dominant habitats on temperate reefs but are declining due to ocean warming and overgrazing. We tested the independent and interactive effects of ALAN (dark versus ALAN) and warming (ambient versus warm) on grazing rates and gonad index of the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii. Within these treatments, urchins were fed either 'fresh' kelp or 'treated' kelp. Treated kelp (Ecklonia radiata) was exposed to the same light and temperature combinations as urchins. We assessed photosynthetic yield, carbon and nitrogen content and C : N ratio of treated kelp to help identify potential drivers behind any effects on urchins. Grazing increased with warming and ALAN for urchins fed fresh kelp, and increased with warming for urchins fed treated kelp. Gonad index was higher in ALAN/ambient and dark/warm treatments compared to dark/ambient treatments for urchins fed fresh kelp. Kelp carbon content was higher in ALAN/ambient treatments than ALAN/warm treatments at one time point. This indicates ocean warming and ALAN may increase urchin grazing pressure on rocky reefs, an important finding for management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Caley
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation; Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Byrne
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mariana Mayer-Pinto
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation; Evolution and Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Leong RC, Bugnot AB, Ross PM, Erickson KR, Gibbs MC, Marzinelli EM, O'Connor WA, Parker LM, Poore AGB, Scanes E, Gribben PE. Recruitment of a threatened foundation oyster species varies with large and small spatial scales. Ecol Appl 2024:e2968. [PMID: 38562000 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how habitat attributes (e.g., patch area and sizes, connectivity) control recruitment and how this is modified by processes operating at larger spatial scales is fundamental to understanding population sustainability and developing successful long-term restoration strategies for marine foundation species-including for globally threatened reef-forming oysters. In two experiments, we assessed the recruitment and energy reserves of oyster recruits onto remnant reefs of the oyster Saccostrea glomerata in estuaries spanning 550 km of coastline in southeastern Australia. In the first experiment, we determined whether recruitment of oysters to settlement plates in three estuaries was correlated with reef attributes within patches (distances to patch edges and surface elevation), whole-patch attributes (shape and size of patches), and landscape attributes (connectivity). We also determined whether environmental factors (e.g., sedimentation and water temperature) explained the differences among recruitment plates. We also tested whether differences in energy reserves of recruits could explain the differences between two of the estuaries (one high- and one low-sedimentation estuary). In the second experiment, across six estuaries (three with nominally high and three with nominally low sedimentation rates), we tested the hypothesis that, at the estuary scale, recruitment and survival were negatively correlated to sedimentation. Overall, total oyster recruitment varied mostly at the scale of estuaries rather than with reef attributes and was negatively correlated with sedimentation. Percentage recruit survival was, however, similar among estuaries, although energy reserves and condition of recruits were lower at a high- compared to a low-sediment estuary. Within each estuary, total oyster recruitment increased with patch area and decreased with increasing tidal height. Our results showed that differences among estuaries have the largest influence on oyster recruitment and recruit health and this may be explained by environmental processes operating at the same scale. While survival was high across all estuaries, growth and reproduction of oysters on remnant reefs may be affected by sublethal effects on the health of recruits in high-sediment estuaries. Thus, restoration programs should consider lethal and sublethal effects of whole-estuary environmental processes when selecting sites and include environmental mitigation actions to maximize recruitment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick C Leong
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ana B Bugnot
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pauline M Ross
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine R Erickson
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Gibbs
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Anna Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura M Parker
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alistair G B Poore
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elliot Scanes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul E Gribben
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
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McGrath AH, Lema K, Egan S, Wood G, Gonzalez SV, Kjelleberg S, Steinberg PD, Marzinelli EM. Disentangling direct vs indirect effects of microbiome manipulations in a habitat-forming marine holobiont. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38553475 PMCID: PMC10980776 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-associated microbiota are critical for eukaryotic host functioning, to the extent that hosts and their associated microbial communities are often considered "holobionts". Most studies of holobionts have focused on descriptive approaches or have used model systems, usually in the laboratory, to understand host-microbiome interactions. To advance our understanding of host-microbiota interactions and their wider ecological impacts, we need experimental frameworks that can explore causation in non-model hosts, which often have highly diverse microbiota, and in their natural ecological setting (i.e. in the field). We used a dominant habitat-forming seaweed, Hormosira banksii, to explore these issues and to experimentally test host-microbiota interactions in a non-model holobiont. The experimental protocols were aimed at trying to disentangle microbially mediated effects on hosts from direct effects on hosts associated with the methods employed to manipulate host-microbiota. This was done by disrupting the microbiome, either through removal/disruption using a combination of antimicrobial treatments, or additions of specific taxa via inoculations, or a combination of thew two. The experiments were done in mesocosms and in the field. Three different antibiotic treatments were used to disrupt seaweed-associated microbiota to test whether disturbances of microbiota, particularly bacteria, would negatively affect host performance. Responses of bacteria to these disturbances were complex and differed substantially among treatments, with some antibacterial treatments having little discernible effect. However, the temporal sequence of responses antibiotic treatments, changes in bacterial diversity and subsequent decreases in host performance, strongly suggested an effect of the microbiota on host performance in some treatments, as opposed to direct effects of the antibiotics. To further test these effects, we used 16S-rRNA-gene sequencing to identify bacterial taxa that were either correlated, or uncorrelated, with poor host performance following antibiotic treatment. These were then isolated and used in inoculation experiments, independently or in combination with the previously used antibiotic treatments. Negative effects on host performance were strongest where specific microbial antimicrobials treatments were combined with inoculations of strains that were correlated with poor host performance. For these treatments, negative host effects persisted the entire experimental period (12 days), even though treatments were only applied at the beginning of the experiment. Host performance recovered in all other treatments. These experiments provide a framework for exploring causation and disentangling microbially mediated vs. direct effects on hosts for ecologically important, non-model holobionts in the field. This should allow for better predictions of how these systems will respond to, and potentially mitigate, environmental disturbances in their natural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Harry McGrath
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kimberley Lema
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina Wood
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute & School of Biological Sciences, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, The University of Western Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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Castro LC, Vergés A, Straub SC, Campbell AH, Coleman MA, Wernberg T, Steinberg P, Thomas T, Dworjanyn S, Cetina-Heredia P, Roughan M, Marzinelli EM. Effect of marine heatwaves and warming on kelp microbiota influence trophic interactions. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17267. [PMID: 38230446 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The range-expansion of tropical herbivores due to ocean warming can profoundly alter temperate reef communities by overgrazing the seaweed forests that underpin them. Such ecological interactions may be mediated by changes to seaweed-associated microbiota in response to warming, but empirical evidence demonstrating this is rare. We experimentally simulated ocean warming and marine heatwaves (MHWs) to quantify effects on two dominant temperate seaweed species and their microbiota, as well as grazing by a tropical herbivore. The kelp Ecklonia radiata's microbiota in sustained warming and MHW treatments was enriched with microorganisms associated with seaweed disease and tissue degradation. In contrast, the fucoid Sargassum linearifolium's microbiota was unaffected by temperature. Consumption by the tropical sea-urchin Tripneustes gratilla was greater on Ecklonia where the microbiota had been altered by higher temperatures, while Sargassum's consumption was unaffected. Elemental traits (carbon, nitrogen), chemical defences (phenolics) and tissue bleaching of both seaweeds were generally unaffected by temperature. Effects of warming and MHWs on seaweed holobionts (host plus its microbiota) are likely species-specific. The effect of increased temperature on Ecklonia's microbiota and subsequent increased consumption suggest that changes to kelp microbiota may underpin kelp-herbivore interactions, providing novel insights into potential mechanisms driving change in species' interactions in warming oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Castro
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Coastal and Regional Oceanography Lab, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra C Straub
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Melinda A Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Symon Dworjanyn
- National Marine Science Centre & Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paulina Cetina-Heredia
- Coastal and Regional Oceanography Lab, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Moninya Roughan
- Coastal and Regional Oceanography Lab, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Cooney C, Sommer B, Marzinelli EM, Figueira WF. The role of microbial biofilms in range shifts of marine habitat-forming organisms. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:190-199. [PMID: 37633773 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Marine species, such as corals and kelp, are responding to climate change by altering their distributions. Microbial biofilms underpin key processes that affect the establishment, maintenance, and function of these dominant habitat-formers. Climate-mediated changes to microbial biofilms can therefore strongly influence species' range shifts. Here, we review emerging research on the interactions between benthic biofilms and habitat-formers and identify two key areas of interaction where climate change can impact this dynamic: (i) via direct effects on biofilm composition, and (ii) via impacts on the complex feedback loops which exist between the biofilm microbes and habitat-forming organisms. We propose that these key interactions will be fundamental in driving the speed and extent of tropicalisation of coastal ecosystems under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cooney
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Brigitte Sommer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Will F Figueira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Khan T, Song W, Nappi J, Marzinelli EM, Egan S, Thomas T. Functional guilds and drivers of diversity in seaweed-associated bacteria. FEMS Microbes 2023; 5:xtad023. [PMID: 38213395 PMCID: PMC10781435 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparisons of functional and taxonomic profiles from bacterial communities in different habitats have suggested the existence of functional guilds composed of taxonomically or phylogenetically distinct members. Such guild membership is, however, rarely defined and the factors that drive functional diversity in bacteria remain poorly understood. We used seaweed-associated bacteria as a model to shed light on these important aspects of community ecology. Using a large dataset of over 1300 metagenome-assembled genomes from 13 seaweed species we found substantial overlap in the functionality of bacteria coming from distinct taxa, thus supporting the existence of functional guilds. This functional equivalence between different taxa was particularly pronounced when only functions involved in carbohydrate degradation were considered. We further found that bacterial taxonomy is the dominant driver of functional differences between bacteria and that seaweed species or seaweed type (i.e. brown, red and green) had relatively stronger impacts on genome functionality for carbohydrate-degradation functions when compared to all other cellular functions. This study provides new insight into the factors underpinning the functional diversity of bacteria and contributes to our understanding how community function is generated from individual members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Khan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Weizhi Song
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jadranka Nappi
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Nappi J, Goncalves P, Khan T, Majzoub ME, Grobler AS, Marzinelli EM, Thomas T, Egan S. Differential priority effects impact taxonomy and functionality of host-associated microbiomes. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6278-6293. [PMID: 34995388 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Most multicellular eukaryotes host complex communities of microorganisms, but the factors that govern their assembly are poorly understood. The settlement of specific microorganisms may have a lasting impact on community composition, a phenomenon known as the priority effect. Priority effects of individual bacterial strains on a host's microbiome are, however, rarely studied and their impact on microbiome functionality remains unknown. We experimentally tested the effect of two bacterial strains (Pseudoalteromonas tunicata D2 and Pseudovibrio sp. D323) on the assembly and succession of the microbial communities associated with the green macroalga Ulva australis. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, we found that both strains exert a priority effect, with strain D2 causing initially strong but temporary taxonomic changes and strain D323 causing weaker but consistent changes. Consistent changes were predominately facilitatory and included taxa that may benefit the algal host. Metagenome analyses revealed that the strains elicited both shared (e.g., depletion of type III secretion system genes) and unique (e.g., enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes) effects on the predicted microbiome functionality. These findings indicate strong idiosyncratic effects of colonizing bacteria on the structure and function of host-associated microbial communities. Understanding the idiosyncrasies in priority effects is key for the development of novel probiotics to improve host condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Nappi
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Priscila Goncalves
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tahsin Khan
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marwan E Majzoub
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Sophia Grobler
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Marangon E, Uthicke S, Patel F, Marzinelli EM, Bourne DG, Webster NS, Laffy PW. Life-stage specificity and cross-generational climate effects on the microbiome of a tropical sea urchin (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5645-5660. [PMID: 37724851 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbes play a critical role in the development and health of marine invertebrates, though microbial dynamics across life stages and host generations remain poorly understood in most reef species, especially in the context of climate change. Here, we use a 4-year multigenerational experiment to explore microbe-host interactions under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)-forecast climate scenarios in the rock-boring tropical urchin Echinometra sp. A. Adult urchins (F0 ) were exposed for 18 months to increased temperature and pCO2 levels predicted for years 2050 and 2100 under RCP 8.5, a period which encompassed spawning. After rearing F1 offspring for a further 2 years, spawning was induced, and F2 larvae were raised under current day and 2100 conditions. Cross-generational climate effects were also explored in the microbiome of F1 offspring through a transplant experiment. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, we determined that each life stage and generation was associated with a distinct microbiome, with higher microbial diversity observed in juveniles compared to larval stages. Although life-stage specificity was conserved under climate conditions projected for 2050 and 2100, we observed changes in the urchin microbial community structure within life stages. Furthermore, we detected a climate-mediated parental effect when juveniles were transplanted among climate treatments, with the parental climate treatment influencing the offspring microbiome. Our findings reveal a potential for cross-generational impacts of climate change on the microbiome of a tropical invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Marangon
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sven Uthicke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frances Patel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - David G Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Patrick W Laffy
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Vadillo Gonzalez S, Vranken S, Coleman MA, Wernberg T, Steinberg PD, Marzinelli EM. Host genotype and microbiome associations in co-occurring clonal and non-clonal kelp, Ecklonia radiata. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:4584-4598. [PMID: 37332135 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental question in holobiont biology is the extent to which microbiomes are determined by host characteristics regulated by their genotype. Studies on the interactions of host genotype and microbiomes are emerging but disentangling the role that host genotype has in shaping microbiomes remains challenging in natural settings. Host genotypes tend to be segregated in space and affected by different environments. Here we overcome this challenge by studying an unusual situation where host asexual (5 clonal lineages) and sexual genotypes (15 non-clonal lineages) of the same species co-occur under the same environment. This allowed us to partition the influence of morphological traits and genotype in shaping host-associated bacterial communities. Lamina-associated bacteria of co-occurring kelp sexual non-clonal (Ecklonia radiata) and asexual clonal (E. brevipes) morphs were compared to test whether host genotype influences microbiomes beyond morphology. Similarity of bacterial composition and predicted functions were evaluated among individuals within a single clonal genotype or among non-clonal genotypes of each morph. Higher similarity in bacterial composition and inferred functions were found among identical clones of E. brevipes compared to other clonal genotypes or unique non-clonal E. radiata genotypes. Additionally, bacterial diversity and composition differed significantly between the two morphs and were related with one morphological trait in E. brevipes (haptera). Thus, factors regulated by the host genotype (e.g. secondary metabolite production) likely drive differences in microbial communities between morphs. The strong association of genotype and microbiome found here highlights the importance of genetic relatedness of hosts in determining variability in their bacterial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sofie Vranken
- UWA Oceans Institute & School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crowley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- UWA Oceans Institute & School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crowley, Western Australia, Australia
- New South Wales Fisheries, Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute & School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crowley, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Floedevigen Research Station, His, Norway
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
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11
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Eger AM, Marzinelli EM, Beas-Luna R, Blain CO, Blamey LK, Byrnes JEK, Carnell PE, Choi CG, Hessing-Lewis M, Kim KY, Kumagai NH, Lorda J, Moore P, Nakamura Y, Pérez-Matus A, Pontier O, Smale D, Steinberg PD, Vergés A. Author Correction: The value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2841. [PMID: 37202380 PMCID: PMC10195793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Eger
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia.
- Kelp Forest Alliance, Sydney, NSW, 2034, Australia.
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Beas-Luna
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, BC, Mexico
| | - Caitlin O Blain
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura K Blamey
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Environment, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jarrett E K Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 20125, USA
| | - Paul E Carnell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Queenscliff, VIC, 3225, Australia
| | - Chang Geun Choi
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Margot Hessing-Lewis
- Hakai Institute, Quadra Island, Canada
- Institute of the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia. 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kwang Young Kim
- Department of Oceanography, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Naoki H Kumagai
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Julio Lorda
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias, Ensenada, BC, Mexico & The Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Imperial Beach, CA, USA
| | - Pippa Moore
- School of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
- Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yohei Nakamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, 200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Matus
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory (Subelab), Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas (ECIM), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla, 114-D, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystem (NUTME), Las Cruces, Valparaiso, Chile
| | | | - Dan Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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12
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Eger AM, Marzinelli EM, Beas-Luna R, Blain CO, Blamey LK, Byrnes JEK, Carnell PE, Choi CG, Hessing-Lewis M, Kim KY, Kumagai NH, Lorda J, Moore P, Nakamura Y, Pérez-Matus A, Pontier O, Smale D, Steinberg PD, Vergés A. The value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1894. [PMID: 37072389 PMCID: PMC10113392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While marine kelp forests have provided valuable ecosystem services for millennia, the global ecological and economic value of those services is largely unresolved. Kelp forests are diminishing in many regions worldwide, and efforts to manage these ecosystems are hindered without accurate estimates of the value of the services that kelp forests provide to human societies. Here, we present a global estimate of the ecological and economic potential of three key ecosystem services - fisheries production, nutrient cycling, and carbon removal provided by six major forest forming kelp genera (Ecklonia, Laminaria, Lessonia, Macrocystis, Nereocystis, and Saccharina). Each of these genera creates a potential value of between $64,400 and $147,100/hectare each year. Collectively, they generate between $465 and $562 billion/year worldwide, with an average of $500 billion. These values are primarily driven by fisheries production (mean $29,900, 904 Kg/Ha/year) and nitrogen removal ($73,800, 657 Kg N/Ha/year), though kelp forests are also estimated to sequester 4.91 megatons of carbon from the atmosphere/year highlighting their potential as blue carbon systems for climate change mitigation. These findings highlight the ecological and economic value of kelp forests to society and will facilitate better informed marine management and conservation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Eger
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia.
- Kelp Forest Alliance, Sydney, NSW, 2034, Australia.
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Beas-Luna
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, BC, Mexico
| | - Caitlin O Blain
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura K Blamey
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Environment, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jarrett E K Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 20125, USA
| | - Paul E Carnell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Queenscliff, VIC, 3225, Australia
| | - Chang Geun Choi
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Margot Hessing-Lewis
- Hakai Institute, Quadra Island, Canada
- Institute of the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia. 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kwang Young Kim
- Department of Oceanography, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Naoki H Kumagai
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Julio Lorda
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Facultad de Ciencias, Ensenada, BC, Mexico & The Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Imperial Beach, CA, USA
| | - Pippa Moore
- School of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
- Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yohei Nakamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, 200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Matus
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory (Subelab), Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas (ECIM), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla, 114-D, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystem (NUTME), Las Cruces, Valparaiso, Chile
| | | | - Dan Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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13
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Mifsud JCO, Costa VA, Petrone ME, Marzinelli EM, Holmes EC, Harvey E. Transcriptome mining extends the host range of the Flaviviridae to non-bilaterians. Virus Evol 2022; 9:veac124. [PMID: 36694816 PMCID: PMC9854234 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavivirids (family Flaviviridae) are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that include well-documented agents of human disease. Despite their importance and ubiquity, the timescale of flavivirid evolution is uncertain. An ancient origin, spanning millions of years, is supported by their presence in both vertebrates and invertebrates and by the identification of a flavivirus-derived endogenous viral element in the peach blossom jellyfish genome (Craspedacusta sowerbii, phylum Cnidaria), implying that the flaviviruses arose early in the evolution of the Metazoa. To date, however, no exogenous flavivirid sequences have been identified in these hosts. To help resolve the antiquity of the Flaviviridae, we mined publicly available transcriptome data across the Metazoa. From this, we expanded the diversity within the family through the identification of 32 novel viral sequences and extended the host range of the pestiviruses to include amphibians, reptiles, and ray-finned fish. Through co-phylogenetic analysis we found cross-species transmission to be the predominate macroevolutionary event across the non-vectored flavivirid genera (median, 68 per cent), including a cross-species transmission event between bats and rodents, although long-term virus-host co-divergence was still a regular occurrence (median, 23 per cent). Notably, we discovered flavivirus-like sequences in basal metazoan species, including the first associated with Cnidaria. This sequence formed a basal lineage to the genus Flavivirus and was closer to arthropod and crustacean flaviviruses than those in the tamanavirus group, which includes a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate viruses. Combined, these data attest to an ancient origin of the flaviviruses, likely close to the emergence of the metazoans 750-800 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo A Costa
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mary E Petrone
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 Singapore
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14
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Eger AM, Marzinelli EM, Christie H, Fagerli CW, Fujita D, Gonzalez AP, Hong SW, Kim JH, Lee LC, McHugh TA, Nishihara GN, Tatsumi M, Steinberg PD, Vergés A. Global kelp forest restoration: past lessons, present status, and future directions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1449-1475. [PMID: 35255531 PMCID: PMC9543053 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Kelp forest ecosystems and their associated ecosystem services are declining around the world. In response, marine managers are working to restore and counteract these declines. Kelp restoration first started in the 1700s in Japan and since then has spread across the globe. Restoration efforts, however, have been largely disconnected, with varying methodologies trialled by different actors in different countries. Moreover, a small subset of these efforts are 'afforestation', which focuses on creating new kelp habitat, as opposed to restoring kelp where it previously existed. To distil lessons learned over the last 300 years of kelp restoration, we review the history of kelp restoration (including afforestation) around the world and synthesise the results of 259 documented restoration attempts spanning from 1957 to 2020, across 16 countries, five languages, and multiple user groups. Our results show that kelp restoration projects have increased in frequency, have employed 10 different methodologies and targeted 17 different kelp genera. Of these projects, the majority have been led by academics (62%), have been conducted at sizes of less than 1 ha (80%) and took place over time spans of less than 2 years. We show that projects are most successful when they are located near existing kelp forests. Further, disturbance events such as sea-urchin grazing are identified as regular causes of project failure. Costs for restoration are historically high, averaging hundreds of thousands of dollars per hectare, therefore we explore avenues to reduce these costs and suggest financial and legal pathways for scaling up future restoration efforts. One key suggestion is the creation of a living database which serves as a platform for recording restoration projects, showcasing and/or re-analysing existing data, and providing updated information. Our work establishes the groundwork to provide adaptive and relevant recommendations on best practices for kelp restoration projects today and into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Eger
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental SciencesSydneyNSW2006Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science19 Chowder Bay RdMosmanNSW2088Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Hartvig Christie
- Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchØkernveien 94Oslo0579Norway
| | | | - Daisuke Fujita
- University of Tokyo Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine Bioresources, Applied PhycologyKonan, Minato‐kuTokyo108‐8477Japan
| | - Alejandra P. Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileLas Palmeras 3425, ÑuñoaSantiagoChile
| | - Seok Woo Hong
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon2066South Korea
| | - Jeong Ha Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon2066South Korea
| | - Lynn C. Lee
- Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, National Marine Conservation Area Reserve, and Haida Heritage Site60 Second Beach Road, SkidegateHaida GwaiiBCV0T 1S1Canada
- Canada & School of Environmental Sciences, University of Victoria3800 Finnerty RoadVictoriaBCV8P 5C2Canada
| | - Tristin Anoush McHugh
- Reef Check Foundation, Long Marine Laboratory115 McAllister RoadSanta CruzCA95060U.S.A.
- Present address:
The Nature Conservancy830 S StreetSacramentoCA95811U.S.A.
| | - Gregory N. Nishihara
- Organization for Marine Science and TechnologyInstitute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University1551‐7 Taira‐machiNagasaki City851‐2213Japan
| | - Masayuki Tatsumi
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTAS7004Australia
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science19 Chowder Bay RdMosmanNSW2088Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science19 Chowder Bay RdMosmanNSW2088Australia
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15
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Vadillo Gonzalez S, Clark GF, Johnston EL, Turney CSM, Fogwill CJ, Steinberg PD, Marzinelli EM. Spatial variation in microbial communities associated with sea-ice algae in Commonwealth Bay, East Antarctica. Microbiology (Reading) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35416764 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic sea-ice forms a complex and dynamic system that drives many ecological processes in the Southern Ocean. Sea-ice microalgae and their associated microbial communities are understood to influence nutrient flow and allocation in marine polar environments. Sea-ice microalgae and their microbiota can have high seasonal and regional (>1000 km2) compositional and abundance variation, driven by factors modulating their growth, symbiotic interactions and function. In contrast, our knowledge of small-scale variation in these communities is limited. Understanding variation across multiple scales and its potential drivers is critical for informing on how multiple stressors impact sea-ice communities and the functions they provide. Here, we characterized bacterial communities associated with sea-ice microalgae and the potential drivers that influence their variation across a range of spatial scales (metres to >10 kms) in a previously understudied area in Commonwealth Bay, East Antarctica where anomalous events have substantially and rapidly expanded local sea-ice coverage. We found a higher abundance and different composition of bacterial communities living in sea-ice microalgae closer to the shore compared to those further from the coast. Variation in community structure increased linearly with distance between samples. Ice thickness and depth to the seabed were found to be poor predictors of these communities. Further research on the small-scale environmental drivers influencing these communities is needed to fully understand how large-scale regional events can affect local function and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vadillo Gonzalez
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Graeme F Clark
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2025, Australia
| | - Emma L Johnston
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2025, Australia
| | - Chris S M Turney
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2025, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fogwill
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.,School of Water, Energy and Environment, Building 52a, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2025, Australia.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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16
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Wood G, Steinberg PD, Campbell AH, Vergés A, Coleman MA, Marzinelli EM. Host genetics, phenotype and geography structure the microbiome of a foundational seaweed. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2189-2206. [PMID: 35104026 PMCID: PMC9540321 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between hosts and their microbiota are vital to the functioning and resilience of macro-organisms. Critically, for hosts that play foundational roles in communities, understanding what drives host-microbiota interactions is essential for informing ecosystem restoration and conservation. We investigated the relative influence of host traits and the surrounding environment on microbial communities associated with the foundational seaweed Phyllospora comosa. We quantified 16 morphological and functional phenotypic traits, including host genetics (using 354 single nucleotide polymorphisms) and surface-associated microbial communities (using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) from 160 individuals sampled from eight sites spanning Phyllospora's entire latitudinal distribution (1,300 km). Combined, these factors explained 54% of the overall variation in Phyllospora's associated microbial community structure, much of which was related to the local environment (~32%). We found that putative "core" microbial taxa (i.e., present on all Phyllospora individuals sampled) exhibited slightly higher associations with host traits when compared to "variable" taxa (not present on all individuals). We identified several key genetic loci and phenotypic traits in Phyllospora that were strongly related to multiple microbial amplicon sequence variants, including taxa with known associations to seaweed defence, disease and tissue degradation. This information on how host-associated microbial communities vary with host traits and the environment enhances our current understanding of how "holobionts" (hosts plus their microbiota) are structured. Such understanding can be used to inform management strategies of these important and vulnerable habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Wood
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Marine Science and InnovationSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and InnovationSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Institute of Marine ScienceSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Alexandra H. Campbell
- USC Seaweed Research GroupUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSunshine CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science and InnovationSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Melinda A. Coleman
- Department of Primary IndustriesNational Marine Science CentreCoffs HarbourNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Institute of Marine ScienceSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
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17
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Pettersen AK, Marzinelli EM, Steinberg PD, Coleman MA. Impact of marine protected areas on temporal stability of fish species diversity. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13815. [PMID: 34342040 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Preserving biodiversity over time is a pressing challenge for conservation science. A key goal of marine protected areas (MPAs) is to maintain stability in species composition, via reduced turnover, to support ecosystem function. Yet, this stability is rarely measured directly under different levels of protection. Rather, evaluations of MPA efficacy generally consist of static measures of abundance, species richness, and biomass, and rare measures of turnover are limited to short-term studies involving pairwise (beta diversity) comparisons. Zeta diversity is a recently developed metric of turnover that allows for measurement of compositional similarity across multiple assemblages and thus provides more comprehensive estimates of turnover. We evaluated the effectiveness of MPAs at preserving fish zeta diversity across a network of marine reserves over 10 years in Batemans Marine Park, Australia. Snorkel transect surveys were conducted across multiple replicated and spatially interspersed sites to record fish species occurrence through time. Protection provided by MPAs conferred greater stability in fish species turnover. Marine protected areas had significantly shallower decline in zeta diversity compared with partially protected and unprotected areas. The retention of harvested species was four to six times greater in MPAs compared with partially protected and unprotected areas, and the stabilizing effects of protection were observable within 4 years of park implementation. Conversely, partial protection offered little to no improvement in stability, compared with unprotected areas. These findings support the efficacy of MPAs for preserving temporal fish diversity stability. The implementation of MPAs helps stabilize fish diversity and may, therefore, support biodiversity resilience under ongoing environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Pettersen
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- Marine Ecosystem Research, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Fisheries, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Leong RC, Bugnot AB, Marzinelli EM, Figueira WF, Erickson KR, Poore AGB, Gribben PE. Variation in the density and body size of a threatened foundation species across multi‐spatial scales. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rick C. Leong
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation University of New South Wales Sydney Kensington New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Kensington New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Ana B. Bugnot
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation University of New South Wales Sydney Kensington New South Wales 2052 Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman New South Wales 2088 Australia
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman New South Wales 2088 Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Will F. Figueira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman New South Wales 2088 Australia
| | - Katherine R. Erickson
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation University of New South Wales Sydney Kensington New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Kensington New South Wales 2052 Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Alistair G. B. Poore
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation University of New South Wales Sydney Kensington New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Kensington New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Paul E. Gribben
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation University of New South Wales Sydney Kensington New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Kensington New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman New South Wales 2088 Australia
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19
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Straub SC, Wernberg T, Marzinelli EM, Vergés A, Kelaher BP, Coleman MA. Persistence of seaweed forests in the anthropocene will depend on warming and marine heatwave profiles. J Phycol 2022; 58:22-35. [PMID: 34800039 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete periods of extreme warm water temperatures superimposed onto persistent ocean warming, have increased in frequency and significantly disrupted marine ecosystems. While field observations on the ecological consequences of MHWs are growing, a mechanistic understanding of their direct effects is rare. We conducted an outdoor tank experiment testing how different thermal stressor profiles impacted the ecophysiological performance of three dominant forest-forming seaweeds. Four thermal scenarios were tested: contemporary summer temperature (22°C), low persistent warming (24°C), a discrete MHW (22-27°C), and temperature variability followed by a MHW (22-24°C, 22-27°C). The physiological performance of seaweeds was strongly related to thermal profile and varied among species, with the highest temperature not always having the strongest effect. MHWs were highly detrimental for the fucoid Phyllospora comosa, whereas the laminarian kelp Ecklonia radiata showed sensitivity to extended thermal stress and demonstrated a cumulative temperature threshold. The fucoid Sargassum linearifolium showed resilience, albeit with signs of decline with bleached and degraded fronds, under all conditions, with stronger decline under stable control and warming conditions. The varying responses of these three co-occurring forest-forming seaweeds under different temperature scenarios suggests that the impact of ocean warming on near shore ecosystems may be complex and will depend on the specific thermal profile of rising water temperatures relative to the vulnerability of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Straub
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Research Station, His, Norway
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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20
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Phelps CM, McMahon K, Bissett A, Bernasconi R, Steinberg PD, Thomas T, Marzinelli EM, Huggett MJ. The surface bacterial community of an Australian kelp shows cross-continental variation and relative stability within regions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:fiab089. [PMID: 34156064 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epiphytic microbial communities often have a close relationship with their eukaryotic host, assisting with defence, health, disease prevention and nutrient transfer. Shifts in the structure of microbial communities could therefore have negative effects on the individual host and indirectly impact the surrounding ecosystem, particularly for major habitat-forming hosts, such as kelps in temperate rocky shores. Thus, an understanding of the structure and dynamics of host-associated microbial communities is essential for monitoring and assessing ecosystem changes. Here, samples were taken from the ecologically important kelp, Ecklonia radiata, over a 17-month period, from six different sites in two distinct geographic regions (East and West coasts of Australia), separated by ∼3,300 kms, to understand variation in the kelp bacterial community and its potential environmental drivers. Differences were observed between kelp bacterial communities between the largely disconnected geographical regions. In contrast, within each region and over time the bacterial communities were considerably more stable, despite substantial seasonal changes in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie M Phelps
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Kathryn McMahon
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Andrew Bissett
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esp, Battery Point, Tas, 7004, Australia
| | - Rachele Bernasconi
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, High St, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore 637551
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, High St, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore 637551
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, City Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Megan J Huggett
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Rd, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia
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21
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Smith SM, Malcolm HA, Marzinelli EM, Schultz AL, Steinberg PD, Vergés A. Tropicalization and kelp loss shift trophic composition and lead to more winners than losers in fish communities. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:2537-2548. [PMID: 33694271 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate-mediated species redistributions are causing novel interactions and leading to profound regime shifts globally. For species that expand their distribution in response to warming, survival depends not only on their physiological capacity, but also on the ability to coexist or be competitive within the established community. In temperate marine reefs from around the world, the range expansion of tropical species, known as 'tropicalization', has been linked to the disappearance of temperate habitat-forming kelps and shifts to dominance by low-biomass turfing algae. The consequences of these range expansions and habitat changes on resident fish communities are, however, unclear. Here, we use data derived from baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to analyse changes in diversity and abundance of marine fishes over a 17-year period in warming reefs that have experienced kelp loss (occurring c. 2009). Despite the loss of kelp, we found that species richness and overall abundance of fishes (measured as probability of occurrence and relative abundance), including both tropical and temperate species, increased through time. We also found dramatic shifts in the trophic composition of fish assemblages. Tropical herbivorous fish increased most markedly through time, and temperate-associated planktivores were the only group that declined, a potential consequence of tropicalization not previously identified. At the species level, we identified 22 tropical and temperate species from four trophic guilds that significantly increased in occurrence, while only three species (all temperate associated) declined. Morphological trait space models suggest increases in fish diversity and overall occurrence are unlikely to be driven by uniqueness of traits among tropical range expanders. Our results show more winners than losers and suggest that pathways of energy flow will change in tropicalized systems, as planktonic inputs become less important and a higher proportion of algal productivity gets consumed locally by increasingly abundant herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannen M Smith
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamish A Malcolm
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Arthur L Schultz
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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22
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Wood G, Marzinelli EM, Campbell AH, Steinberg PD, Vergés A, Coleman MA. Genomic vulnerability of a dominant seaweed points to future-proofing pathways for Australia's underwater forests. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:2200-2212. [PMID: 33511779 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, critical habitats are in decline, threatening ecological, economic and social values and prompting calls for 'future proofing' efforts that enhance resilience to climate change. Such efforts rely on predicting how neutral and adaptive genomic patterns across a species' distribution will change under future climate scenarios, but data is scant for most species of conservation concern. Here, we use seascape genomics to characterise genetic diversity, structure and gene-environmental associations in a dominant forest-forming seaweed, Phyllospora comosa, along its entire latitudinal (12° latitude), and thermal (~14°C) range. Phyllospora showed high connectivity throughout its central range, with evidence of genetic structure and potential selection associated with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at its rear and leading edges. Rear and leading-edge populations harboured only half the genetic diversity of central populations. By modelling genetic turnover as a function of SST, we assessed the genomic vulnerability across Phyllospora's distributional range under climate change scenarios. Despite low diversity, range-edge populations were predicted to harbour beneficial adaptations to marginal conditions and overall adaptability of the species may be compromised by their loss. Assisted gene flow from range edge populations may be required to enhance adaptation and increase resilience of central and leading-edge populations under warming oceans. Understanding genomic vulnerability can inform proactive restoration and future-proofing strategies for underwater forests and ensure their persistence in changing oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Wood
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexandra H Campbell
- USC Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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23
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Saw NMMT, Suwanchaikasem P, Zuniga-Montanez R, Qiu G, Marzinelli EM, Wuertz S, Williams RBH. Influence of Extraction Solvent on Nontargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Enrichment Reactor Cultures Performing Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR). Metabolites 2021; 11:269. [PMID: 33925970 PMCID: PMC8145293 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolome profiling is becoming more commonly used in the study of complex microbial communities and microbiomes; however, to date, little information is available concerning appropriate extraction procedures. We studied the influence of different extraction solvent mixtures on untargeted metabolomics analysis of two continuous culture enrichment communities performing enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR), with each enrichment targeting distinct populations of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs). We employed one non-polar solvent and up to four polar solvents for extracting metabolites from biomass. In one of the reactor microbial communities, we surveyed both intracellular and extracellular metabolites using the same set of solvents. All samples were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). UPLC-MS data obtained from polar and non-polar solvents were analysed separately and evaluated using extent of repeatability, overall extraction capacity and the extent of differential abundance between physiological states. Despite both reactors demonstrating the same bioprocess phenotype, the most appropriate extraction method was biomass specific, with methanol: water (50:50 v/v) and methanol: chloroform: water (40:40:20 v/v) being chosen as the most appropriate for each of the two different bioreactors, respectively. Our approach provides new data on the influence of solvent choice on the untargeted surveys of the metabolome of PAO enriched EBPR communities and suggests that metabolome extraction methods need to be carefully tailored to the specific complex microbial community under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nay Min Min Thaw Saw
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (N.M.M.T.S.); (R.Z.-M.); (G.Q.); (E.M.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Pipob Suwanchaikasem
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore;
| | - Rogelio Zuniga-Montanez
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (N.M.M.T.S.); (R.Z.-M.); (G.Q.); (E.M.M.); (S.W.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (N.M.M.T.S.); (R.Z.-M.); (G.Q.); (E.M.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (N.M.M.T.S.); (R.Z.-M.); (G.Q.); (E.M.M.); (S.W.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (N.M.M.T.S.); (R.Z.-M.); (G.Q.); (E.M.M.); (S.W.)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Rohan B. H. Williams
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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24
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Dittami SM, Arboleda E, Auguet JC, Bigalke A, Briand E, Cárdenas P, Cardini U, Decelle J, Engelen AH, Eveillard D, Gachon CMM, Griffiths SM, Harder T, Kayal E, Kazamia E, Lallier FH, Medina M, Marzinelli EM, Morganti TM, Núñez Pons L, Prado S, Pintado J, Saha M, Selosse MA, Skillings D, Stock W, Sunagawa S, Toulza E, Vorobev A, Leblanc C, Not F. A community perspective on the concept of marine holobionts: current status, challenges, and future directions. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10911. [PMID: 33665032 PMCID: PMC7916533 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems. However, we still have very little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, the evolutionary processes that shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a renewed paradigm in biology that can help to describe and understand these complex systems. It posits that a host and its associated microbiota with which it interacts, form a holobiont, and have to be studied together as a coherent biological and functional unit to understand its biology, ecology, and evolution. Here we discuss critical concepts and opportunities in marine holobiont research and identify key challenges in the field. We highlight the potential economic, sociological, and environmental impacts of the holobiont concept in marine biological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences. Given the connectivity and the unexplored biodiversity specific to marine ecosystems, a deeper understanding of such complex systems requires further technological and conceptual advances, e.g., the development of controlled experimental model systems for holobionts from all major lineages and the modeling of (info)chemical-mediated interactions between organisms. Here we propose that one significant challenge is to bridge cross-disciplinary research on tractable model systems in order to address key ecological and evolutionary questions. This first step is crucial to decipher the main drivers of the dynamics and evolution of holobionts and to account for the holobiont concept in applied areas, such as the conservation, management, and exploitation of marine ecosystems and resources, where practical solutions to predict and mitigate the impact of human activities are more important than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Dittami
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Roscoff, France
| | - Enrique Arboleda
- FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Arite Bigalke
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Enora Briand
- Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Ifremer, Nantes, France
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulisse Cardini
- Integrative Marine Ecology Dept, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Johan Decelle
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Damien Eveillard
- Laboratoire des Sciences Numériques de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - Claire M M Gachon
- Scottish Marine Institute, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah M Griffiths
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ehsan Kayal
- FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Roscoff, France
| | | | - François H Lallier
- Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Roscoff, France
| | - Mónica Medina
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
| | | | - Laura Núñez Pons
- Section Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Soizic Prado
- Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (UMR 7245), National Museum of Natural History, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - José Pintado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mahasweta Saha
- Benthic Ecology, Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany.,Marine Ecology and Biodiversity, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- National Museum of Natural History, Département Systématique et Evolution, Paris, France.,Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Derek Skillings
- Philosophy Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Willem Stock
- Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Dept. of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eve Toulza
- IHPE, Univ. de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPDV, Perpignan, France
| | - Alexey Vorobev
- CEA - Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Genoscope, Evry, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Roscoff, France
| | - Fabrice Not
- Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Roscoff, France
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25
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Critchley LP, Bugnot AB, Dafforn KA, Marzinelli EM, Bishop MJ. Comparison of wrack dynamics between mangrove forests with and without seawalls. Sci Total Environ 2021; 751:141371. [PMID: 32882543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The supply and fate of wrack (dead organic matter) is a critical determinant of the structure and function of shoreline ecosystems, and their role as carbon repositories. The increasingly common practise of armouring urbanised shorelines with seawalls impacts wrack deposits of unvegetated estuarine and coastal shorelines by truncating the intertidal zone and/or by modifying the physical and biological processes that deliver and remove wrack. This study tested whether such effects also extend to mangrove forests. A survey of wrack deposits in mangrove forests with and without seawalls along the Parramatta River, Sydney, Australia, revealed that at sites with seawalls placed at a mid-intertidal elevation wrack deposits were shifted from the high- to mid-intertidal but were otherwise of similar cover and composition. Experiments tracking the fate of wrack determined that, as compared to the mid-intertidal zone of unarmoured shorelines, wrack deposits at sites with seawalls were more readily mobilised. This was in some instances countered by the reduction in Casuarina glauca litter on armoured shorelines, as experiments revealed that Avicennia marina leaf decomposition was slower in the absence than the presence of C. glauca. Overall, the results suggest that effects of armouring on wrack composition and dynamics may be weaker in mangrove forests than on unvegetated shorelines. This could reflect the predominantly autochthonous source of wrack in mangrove forests, the habitat structure of forests minimizing hydrodynamic impacts of seawalls, and/or the differing reasons for which hard structures are constructed in low hydrodynamic energy vegetated as opposed to high hydrodynamic energy unvegetated settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln P Critchley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Ana B Bugnot
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman 2088, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman 2088, Australia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman 2088, Australia; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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26
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Wood G, Marzinelli EM, Vergés A, Campbell AH, Steinberg PD, Coleman MA. Using genomics to design and evaluate the performance of underwater forest restoration. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Wood
- Centre for Marine Science and InnovationSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science and InnovationSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Alexandra H. Campbell
- USC Seaweed Research Group University of the Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast QLD Australia
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and InnovationSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Sydney NSW Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Melinda A. Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries National Marine Science Centre Coffs Harbour NSW Australia
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Morris RL, Hale R, Strain EMA, Reeves SE, Vergés A, Marzinelli EM, Layton C, Shelamoff V, Graham TDJ, Chevalier M, Swearer SE. Key Principles for Managing Recovery of Kelp Forests through Restoration. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThere is increasing interest in mitigating the loss of kelp forests through restoration, but this has received scant attention relative to other coastal habitats. We evaluate current knowledge centered on key restoration principles to provide guidelines for best practice in kelp restoration. The cause and scale of degradation is fundamental in determining if kelp can be restored and the methods required to promote reestablishment. Removal of stressors may be adequate to achieve restoration goals where degradation is not too widespread or acute. Extensive losses of kelp forests will often require active reseeding of areas because of the low dispersal ability of many kelp species. Restoration efforts have generally taken a trial-and-error approach at experimental scales to develop techniques for establishing individuals. Furthermore, studies that inform cost–benefit analysis and the appropriate spatial scales for restoration of sustainable kelp forests are urgently needed for prioritizing and scaling up restoration efforts globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate at the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Robin Hale
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia during this work
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, in Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Elisabeth M A Strain
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate at the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, Australia
- EMM is also affiliated with the University of Sydney's School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, in Sydney, Australia, and with the Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, at Nanyang Technological University, in Singapore. Mathilde Chevalier is affiliated with Agrocampus Ouest, in Rennes, France
| | - Cayne Layton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Australia
| | - Victor Shelamoff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Australia
| | - Tristan D J Graham
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate at the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mathilde Chevalier
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate at the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate at the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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28
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Vergés A, Campbell AH, Wood G, Kajlich L, Eger AM, Cruz D, Langley M, Bolton D, Coleman MA, Turpin J, Crawford M, Coombes N, Camilleri A, Steinberg PD, Marzinelli EM. Operation Crayweed: Ecological and sociocultural aspects of restoring Sydney’s underwater forests. Ecol Manag Restor 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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29
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Koch H, Germscheid N, Freese HM, Noriega-Ortega B, Lücking D, Berger M, Qiu G, Marzinelli EM, Campbell AH, Steinberg PD, Overmann J, Dittmar T, Simon M, Wietz M. Genomic, metabolic and phenotypic variability shapes ecological differentiation and intraspecies interactions of Alteromonas macleodii. Sci Rep 2020; 10:809. [PMID: 31964928 PMCID: PMC6972757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological differentiation between strains of bacterial species is shaped by genomic and metabolic variability. However, connecting genotypes to ecological niches remains a major challenge. Here, we linked bacterial geno- and phenotypes by contextualizing pangenomic, exometabolomic and physiological evidence in twelve strains of the marine bacterium Alteromonas macleodii, illuminating adaptive strategies of carbon metabolism, microbial interactions, cellular communication and iron acquisition. In A. macleodii strain MIT1002, secretion of amino acids and the unique capacity for phenol degradation may promote associations with Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria. Strain 83-1 and three novel Pacific isolates, featuring clonal genomes despite originating from distant locations, have profound abilities for algal polysaccharide utilization but without detrimental implications for Ecklonia macroalgae. Degradation of toluene and xylene, mediated via a plasmid syntenic to terrestrial Pseudomonas, was unique to strain EZ55. Benzoate degradation by strain EC673 related to a chromosomal gene cluster shared with the plasmid of A. mediterranea EC615, underlining that mobile genetic elements drive adaptations. Furthermore, we revealed strain-specific production of siderophores and homoserine lactones, with implications for nutrient acquisition and cellular communication. Phenotypic variability corresponded to different competitiveness in co-culture and geographic distribution, indicating linkages between intraspecific diversity, microbial interactions and biogeography. The finding of "ecological microdiversity" helps understanding the widespread occurrence of A. macleodii and contributes to the interpretation of bacterial niche specialization, population ecology and biogeochemical roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Koch
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nora Germscheid
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Heike M Freese
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Beatriz Noriega-Ortega
- ICBM-MPI Bridging Group for Marine Geochemistry, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Lücking
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martine Berger
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Galaxy Qiu
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
- University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Alexandra H Campbell
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- University of Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- ICBM-MPI Bridging Group for Marine Geochemistry, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Meinhard Simon
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wietz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
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30
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McGeoch MA, Latombe G, Andrew NR, Nakagawa S, Nipperess DA, Roigé M, Marzinelli EM, Campbell AH, Vergés A, Thomas T, Steinberg PD, Selwood KE, Henriksen MV, Hui C. Measuring continuous compositional change using decline and decay in zeta diversity. Ecology 2019; 100:e02832. [PMID: 31323117 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Incidence, or compositional, matrices are generated for a broad range of research applications in biology. Zeta diversity provides a common currency and conceptual framework that links incidence-based metrics with multiple patterns of interest in biology, ecology, and biodiversity science. It quantifies the variation in species (or OTU) composition of multiple assemblages (or cases) in space or time, to capture the contribution of the full suite of narrow, intermediate, and wide-ranging species to biotic heterogeneity. Here we provide a conceptual framework for the application and interpretation of patterns of continuous change in compositional diversity using zeta diversity. This includes consideration of the survey design context, and the multiple ways in which zeta diversity decline and decay can be used to examine and test turnover in the identity of elements across space and time. We introduce the zeta ratio-based retention rate curve to quantify rates of compositional change. We illustrate these applications using 11 empirical data sets from a broad range of taxa, scales, and levels of biological organization-from DNA molecules and microbes to communities and interaction networks-including one of the original data sets used to express compositional change and distance decay in ecology. We show (1) how different sample selection schemes used during the calculation of compositional change are appropriate for different data types and questions, (2) how higher orders of zeta may in some cases better detect shifts and transitions, and (3) the relative roles of rare vs. common species in driving patterns of compositional change. By exploring the application of zeta diversity decline and decay, including the retention rate, across this broad range of contexts, we demonstrate its application for understanding continuous turnover in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodie A McGeoch
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Guillaume Latombe
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - David A Nipperess
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Mariona Roigé
- National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies, Lincoln University, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Alexandra H Campbell
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales, 2088, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Katherine E Selwood
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Wildlife and Conservation Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Marie V Henriksen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, 7945, South Africa
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31
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Qiu Z, Coleman MA, Provost E, Campbell AH, Kelaher BP, Dalton SJ, Thomas T, Steinberg PD, Marzinelli EM. Future climate change is predicted to affect the microbiome and condition of habitat-forming kelp. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20181887. [PMID: 30963929 PMCID: PMC6408609 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is driving global declines of marine habitat-forming species through physiological effects and through changes to ecological interactions, with projected trajectories for ocean warming and acidification likely to exacerbate such impacts in coming decades. Interactions between habitat-formers and their microbiomes are fundamental for host functioning and resilience, but how such relationships will change in future conditions is largely unknown. We investigated independent and interactive effects of warming and acidification on a large brown seaweed, the kelp Ecklonia radiata, and its associated microbiome in experimental mesocosms. Microbial communities were affected by warming and, during the first week, by acidification. During the second week, kelp developed disease-like symptoms previously observed in the field. The tissue of some kelp blistered, bleached and eventually degraded, particularly under the acidification treatments, affecting photosynthetic efficiency. Microbial communities differed between blistered and healthy kelp for all treatments, except for those under future conditions of warming and acidification, which after two weeks resembled assemblages associated with healthy hosts. This indicates that changes in the microbiome were not easily predictable as the severity of future climate scenarios increased. Future ocean conditions can change kelp microbiomes and may lead to host disease, with potentially cascading impacts on associated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Qiu
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Melinda A. Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Euan Provost
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Alexandra H. Campbell
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Brendan P. Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - Steven J. Dalton
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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32
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Ferrari R, Marzinelli EM, Ayroza CR, Jordan A, Figueira WF, Byrne M, Malcolm HA, Williams SB, Steinberg PD. Large-scale assessment of benthic communities across multiple marine protected areas using an autonomous underwater vehicle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193711. [PMID: 29547656 PMCID: PMC5856350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are designed to reduce threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning from anthropogenic activities. Assessment of MPAs effectiveness requires synchronous sampling of protected and non-protected areas at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We used an autonomous underwater vehicle to map benthic communities in replicate ‘no-take’ and ‘general-use’ (fishing allowed) zones within three MPAs along 7o of latitude. We recorded 92 taxa and 38 morpho-groups across three large MPAs. We found that important habitat-forming biota (e.g. massive sponges) were more prevalent and abundant in no-take zones, while short ephemeral algae were more abundant in general-use zones, suggesting potential short-term effects of zoning (5–10 years). Yet, short-term effects of zoning were not detected at the community level (community structure or composition), while community structure varied significantly among MPAs. We conclude that by allowing rapid, simultaneous assessments at multiple spatial scales, autonomous underwater vehicles are useful to document changes in marine communities and identify adequate scales to manage them. This study advanced knowledge of marine benthic communities and their conservation in three ways. First, we quantified benthic biodiversity and abundance, generating the first baseline of these benthic communities against which the effectiveness of three large MPAs can be assessed. Second, we identified the taxonomic resolution necessary to assess both short and long-term effects of MPAs, concluding that coarse taxonomic resolution is sufficient given that analyses of community structure at different taxonomic levels were generally consistent. Yet, observed differences were taxa-specific and may have not been evident using our broader taxonomic classifications, a classification of mid to high taxonomic resolution may be necessary to determine zoning effects on key taxa. Third, we provide an example of statistical analyses and sampling design that once temporal sampling is incorporated will be useful to detect changes of marine benthic communities across multiple spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ferrari
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation & Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Camila Rezende Ayroza
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Jordan
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Will F. Figueira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Byrne
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hamish A. Malcolm
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan B. Williams
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation & Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Brzozowska AM, Maassen S, Goh Zhi Rong R, Benke PI, Lim CS, Marzinelli EM, Jańczewski D, Teo SLM, Vancso GJ. Effect of Variations in Micropatterns and Surface Modulus on Marine Fouling of Engineering Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:17508-17516. [PMID: 28481498 PMCID: PMC5445506 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report on the marine fouling and fouling release effects caused by variations of surface mechanical properties and microtopography of engineering polymers. Polymeric materials were covered with hierarchical micromolded topographical patterns inspired by the shell of the marine decapod crab Myomenippe hardwickii. These micropatterned surfaces were deployed in field static immersion tests. PDMS, polyurethane, and PMMA surfaces with higher elastic modulus and hardness were found to accumulate more fouling and exhibited poor fouling release properties. The results indicate interplay between surface mechanical properties and microtopography on antifouling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Maria Brzozowska
- Institute of Materials
Research and Engineering, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Stan Maassen
- Institute of Materials
Research and Engineering, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
- Faculty of Science
and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rubayn Goh Zhi Rong
- Institute of Materials
Research and Engineering, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Peter Imre Benke
- Singapore
Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
- Environmental
Research Institute, National University
of Singapore, 21 Lower
Kent Ridge Road, 119077 Singapore
| | - Chin-Sing Lim
- St
John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science
Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227 Singapore
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Institute of Materials
Research and Engineering, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
- Laboratory of Technological
Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw
University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- E-mail: . Tel: +48 22 234 5583. Fax: +48 22 234 5504
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- St
John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science
Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227 Singapore
- E-mail: . Tel: +65 6774 9887. Fax: +65 6776 1455
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Institute of Chemical
and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, 1 Pesek Road, 627833 Singapore
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Science
and Technology of Polymers, University of
Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Tel.: +31 53 489 2974. Fax: +31 53 489 3823
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Bewley M, Friedman A, Ferrari R, Hill N, Hovey R, Barrett N, Marzinelli EM, Pizarro O, Figueira W, Meyer L, Babcock R, Bellchambers L, Byrne M, Williams SB. Corrigendum: Australian sea-floor survey data, with images and expert annotations. Sci Data 2016; 3:160113. [PMID: 27996972 PMCID: PMC5170591 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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35
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Vergés A, Doropoulos C, Malcolm HA, Skye M, Garcia-Pizá M, Marzinelli EM, Campbell AH, Ballesteros E, Hoey AS, Vila-Concejo A, Bozec YM, Steinberg PD. Long-term empirical evidence of ocean warming leading to tropicalization of fish communities, increased herbivory, and loss of kelp. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13791-13796. [PMID: 27849585 PMCID: PMC5137712 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610725113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the most profound effects of climate change on ecological communities are due to alterations in species interactions rather than direct physiological effects of changing environmental conditions. Empirical evidence of historical changes in species interactions within climate-impacted communities is, however, rare and difficult to obtain. Here, we demonstrate the recent disappearance of key habitat-forming kelp forests from a warming tropical-temperate transition zone in eastern Australia. Using a 10-y video dataset encompassing a 0.6 °C warming period, we show how herbivory increased as kelp gradually declined and then disappeared. Concurrently, fish communities from sites where kelp was originally abundant but subsequently disappeared became increasingly dominated by tropical herbivores. Feeding assays identified two key tropical/subtropical herbivores that consumed transplanted kelp within hours at these sites. There was also a distinct increase in the abundance of fishes that consume epilithic algae, and much higher bite rates by this group at sites without kelp, suggesting a key role for these fishes in maintaining reefs in kelp-free states by removing kelp recruits. Changes in kelp abundance showed no direct relationship to seawater temperatures over the decade and were also unrelated to other measured abiotic factors (nutrients and storms). Our results show that warming-mediated increases in fish herbivory pose a significant threat to kelp-dominated ecosystems in Australia and, potentially, globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Christopher Doropoulos
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Oceans and Atmosphere, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hamish A Malcolm
- Marine Ecosystem Research, Fisheries NSW, Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Mathew Skye
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marina Garcia-Pizá
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Alexandra H Campbell
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Ana Vila-Concejo
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yves-Marie Bozec
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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Marzinelli EM, Leong MR, Campbell AH, Steinberg PD, Vergés A. Does restoration of a habitat-forming seaweed restore associated faunal diversity? Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science; 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman NSW 2088 Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Martin R. Leong
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Alexandra H. Campbell
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science; 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman NSW 2088 Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science; 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman NSW 2088 Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science; 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman NSW 2088 Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Marzinelli EM, Campbell AH, Zozaya Valdes E, Vergés A, Nielsen S, Wernberg T, de Bettignies T, Bennett S, Caporaso JG, Thomas T, Steinberg PD. Continental-scale variation in seaweed host-associated bacterial communities is a function of host condition, not geography. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4078-88. [PMID: 26148974 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between hosts and associated microbial communities can fundamentally shape the development and ecology of 'holobionts', from humans to marine habitat-forming organisms such as seaweeds. In marine systems, planktonic microbial community structure is mainly driven by geography and related environmental factors, but the large-scale drivers of host-associated microbial communities are largely unknown. Using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized 260 seaweed-associated bacterial and archaeal communities on the kelp Ecklonia radiata from three biogeographical provinces spanning 10° of latitude and 35° of longitude across the Australian continent. These phylogenetically and taxonomically diverse communities were more strongly and consistently associated with host condition than geographical location or environmental variables, and a 'core' microbial community characteristic of healthy kelps appears to be lost when hosts become stressed. Microbial communities on stressed individuals were more similar to each other among locations than those on healthy hosts. In contrast to biogeographical patterns of planktonic marine microbial communities, host traits emerge as critical determinants of associated microbial community structure of these holobionts, even at a continental scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS), 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Alexandra H Campbell
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS), 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Enrique Zozaya Valdes
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS), 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute & School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Thibaut de Bettignies
- UWA Oceans Institute & School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Scott Bennett
- UWA Oceans Institute & School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - J Gregory Caporaso
- Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, 1298 S Knoles Drive, PO Box 4073, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-4073, USA
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science (SIMS), 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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Vergés A, Steinberg PD, Hay ME, Poore AGB, Campbell AH, Ballesteros E, Heck KL, Booth DJ, Coleman MA, Feary DA, Figueira W, Langlois T, Marzinelli EM, Mizerek T, Mumby PJ, Nakamura Y, Roughan M, van Sebille E, Gupta AS, Smale DA, Tomas F, Wernberg T, Wilson SK. The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20140846. [PMID: 25009065 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate-driven changes in biotic interactions can profoundly alter ecological communities, particularly when they impact foundation species. In marine systems, changes in herbivory and the consequent loss of dominant habitat forming species can result in dramatic community phase shifts, such as from coral to macroalgal dominance when tropical fish herbivory decreases, and from algal forests to 'barrens' when temperate urchin grazing increases. Here, we propose a novel phase-shift away from macroalgal dominance caused by tropical herbivores extending their range into temperate regions. We argue that this phase shift is facilitated by poleward-flowing boundary currents that are creating ocean warming hotspots around the globe, enabling the range expansion of tropical species and increasing their grazing rates in temperate areas. Overgrazing of temperate macroalgae by tropical herbivorous fishes has already occurred in Japan and the Mediterranean. Emerging evidence suggests similar phenomena are occurring in other temperate regions, with increasing occurrence of tropical fishes on temperate reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mark E Hay
- School of Biology and Aquatic Chemical Ecology Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alistair G B Poore
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Alexandra H Campbell
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CSIC, Blanes, Girona 17300, Spain
| | - Kenneth L Heck
- Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory and University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688-0002, USA
| | - David J Booth
- Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - David A Feary
- Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Will Figueira
- Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tim Langlois
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Toni Mizerek
- Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yohei Nakamura
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Moninya Roughan
- School of Mathematics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Erik van Sebille
- Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alex Sen Gupta
- Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dan A Smale
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Fiona Tomas
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Illes Balears 07190, Spain Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Shaun K Wilson
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia
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Clark GF, Marzinelli EM, Fogwill CJ, Turney CSM, Johnston EL. Effects of sea-ice cover on marine benthic communities: a natural experiment in Commonwealth Bay, East Antarctica. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Campbell AH, Marzinelli EM, Gelber J, Steinberg PD. Spatial variability of microbial assemblages associated with a dominant habitat-forming seaweed. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:230. [PMID: 25859245 PMCID: PMC4374473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgal surfaces support abundant and diverse microorganisms within biofilms, which are often involved in fundamental functions relating to the health and defense of their seaweed hosts, including algal development, facilitation of spore release, and chemical antifouling. Given these intimate and important interactions, environmental changes have the potential to negatively impact macroalgae by disrupting seaweed-microbe interactions. We used the disappearance of the dominant canopy-forming fucoid Phyllospora comosa from the metropolitan coast of Sydney, NSW, Australia as a model system to study these interactions. We transplanted Phyllospora individuals from nearby, extant populations back onto reefs in Sydney to test whether bacterial assemblages associated with seaweed surfaces would be influenced by (i) the host itself, independently of where it occurs, (ii) the type of habitat where the host occurs, or (iii) site-specific differences. Analyses of bacterial DNA fingerprints (terminal fragment length polymorphisms) indicated that assemblages of bacteria on Phyllospora were not habitat-specific. Rather, they were primarily influenced by local, site-specific conditions with some evidence for host-specificity in some cases. This could suggest a lottery model of host-surface colonization, by which hosts are colonized by 'suitable' bacteria available in the local species pool, resulting in high variability in assemblage structure across sites, but where some species in the community are specific to the host and possibly influenced by differences in host traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Campbell
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman NSW, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman NSW, Australia
| | - Jon Gelber
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman NSW, Australia
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Bravo G, Márquez F, Marzinelli EM, Mendez MM, Bigatti G. Effect of recreational diving on Patagonian rocky reefs. Mar Environ Res 2015; 104:31-6. [PMID: 25577688 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tourism has grown considerably in the last decades, promoting activities such as recreational SCUBA diving that may affect marine benthic communities. In Puerto Madryn, Patagonia Argentina, sub-aquatic tourism areas (STA) receive about 7,000 divers per year. Diving is concentrated on a few small rocky reefs and 50% of the dives occur in summer. In this work, we evaluated the effect of recreational diving activities on benthic communities and determined whether diving causes a press (long-term) or a pulse (short-term) response. We quantified the percentage cover of benthic organisms and compared benthic assemblage structure and composition between two sites with contrasting usage by divers, 'highly disturbed' and 'moderately disturbed' sites, and two 'control' sites with similar physical characteristics but no diving activity, twice before and after the diving peak in summer. We found differences in benthic assemblage structure (identity and relative abundance of taxa) and composition (identity only) among diving sites and controls. These differences were consistent before and after the peak of diving in summer, suggesting that recreational diving may produce a press impact on overall benthic assemblage structure and composition in these STA. At the moderately disturbed site, however, covers of specific taxa, such as some key habitat-forming or highly abundant species, usually differed from those in controls only immediately after summer, after which they begun to resemble controls, suggesting a pulse impact. Thus, STA in Golfo Nuevo seem to respond differently to disturbances of diving depending on the usage of the sites. This information is necessary to develop sound management strategies in order to preserve local biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Bravo
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Sede Puerto Madryn, Blvd. Brown 3150, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Federico Márquez
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Sede Puerto Madryn, Blvd. Brown 3150, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina; LEEIM- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - María M Mendez
- LARBIM-Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Gregorio Bigatti
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Sede Puerto Madryn, Blvd. Brown 3150, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina; LARBIM-Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
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Marzinelli EM, Williams SB, Babcock RC, Barrett NS, Johnson CR, Jordan A, Kendrick GA, Pizarro OR, Smale DA, Steinberg PD. Large-scale geographic variation in distribution and abundance of Australian deep-water kelp forests. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118390. [PMID: 25693066 PMCID: PMC4334971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significance of marine habitat-forming organisms, little is known about their large-scale distribution and abundance in deeper waters, where they are difficult to access. Such information is necessary to develop sound conservation and management strategies. Kelps are main habitat-formers in temperate reefs worldwide; however, these habitats are highly sensitive to environmental change. The kelp Ecklonia radiate is the major habitat-forming organism on subtidal reefs in temperate Australia. Here, we provide large-scale ecological data encompassing the latitudinal distribution along the continent of these kelp forests, which is a necessary first step towards quantitative inferences about the effects of climatic change and other stressors on these valuable habitats. We used the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) facility of Australia's Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) to survey 157,000 m2 of seabed, of which ca 13,000 m2 were used to quantify kelp covers at multiple spatial scales (10-100 m to 100-1,000 km) and depths (15-60 m) across several regions ca 2-6° latitude apart along the East and West coast of Australia. We investigated the large-scale geographic variation in distribution and abundance of deep-water kelp (>15 m depth) and their relationships with physical variables. Kelp cover generally increased with latitude despite great variability at smaller spatial scales. Maximum depth of kelp occurrence was 40-50 m. Kelp latitudinal distribution along the continent was most strongly related to water temperature and substratum availability. This extensive survey data, coupled with ongoing AUV missions, will allow for the detection of long-term shifts in the distribution and abundance of habitat-forming kelp and the organisms they support on a continental scale, and provide information necessary for successful implementation and management of conservation reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan B. Williams
- Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Neville S. Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Craig R. Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alan Jordan
- Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Government, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gary A. Kendrick
- Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Oscar R. Pizarro
- Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dan A. Smale
- Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Saxena G, Marzinelli EM, Naing NN, He Z, Liang Y, Tom L, Mitra S, Ping H, Joshi UM, Reuben S, Mynampati KC, Mishra S, Umashankar S, Zhou J, Andersen GL, Kjelleberg S, Swarup S. Ecogenomics reveals metals and land-use pressures on microbial communities in the waterways of a megacity. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:1462-1471. [PMID: 25564876 DOI: 10.1021/es504531s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Networks of engineered waterways are critical in meeting the growing water demands in megacities. To capture and treat rainwater in an energy-efficient manner, approaches can be developed for such networks that use ecological services from microbial communities. Traditionally, engineered waterways were regarded as homogeneous systems with little responsiveness of ecological communities and ensuing processes. This study provides ecogenomics-derived key information to explain the complexity of urban aquatic ecosystems in well-managed watersheds with densely interspersed land-use patterns. Overall, sedimentary microbial communities had higher richness and evenness compared to the suspended communities in water phase. On the basis of PERMANOVA analysis, variation in structure and functions of microbial communities over space within same land-use type was not significant. In contrast, this difference was significant between different land-use types, which had similar chemical profiles. Of the 36 environmental parameters from spatial analysis, only three metals, namely potassium, copper and aluminum significantly explained between 7% and 11% of the variation in taxa and functions, based on distance-based linear models (DistLM). The ecogenomics approach adopted here allows the identification of key drivers of microbial communities and their functions at watershed-scale. These findings can be used to enhance microbial services, which are critical to develop ecologically friendly waterways in rapidly urbanizing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourvendu Saxena
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) , Singapore , 637551
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Mayer-Pinto M, Underwood AJ, Marzinelli EM. The matrix influences direct and indirect effects of an anthropogenic disturbance on marine organisms. Environ Res 2015; 136:15-20. [PMID: 25460615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude and direction of direct and indirect effects of disturbances can be context-dependent, with the matrix (surrounding habitat) in which populations are embedded either mitigating or worsening the impacts of disturbances. Chemical disturbances are particularly harmful and can affect organisms directly or indirectly. We used bleach, a common stressor in marine systems, to test hypotheses about direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic disturbances on intertidal grazers and the influence of the surrounding macro-algal matrix on such effects. We manipulated the contaminant, food (biofilm) and surrounding macro-algal matrix. Fewer limpets were found in contaminated areas. Bleach had a strong direct negative effect on limpets and caused a reduction in biofilm food, indirectly affecting limpets. This effect was strongest in the presence of macro-algal matrix. Anthropogenic disturbances can have major consequences via direct and indirect effects on key interacting species. We showed that such effects are, however, context-dependent. Capsule: Pollution is a major driver of biodiversity declines. We show that direct and indirect effects of contaminants on organisms depend on the context in which they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mayer-Pinto
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, Marine Ecology Laboratories A11, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Antony J Underwood
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, Marine Ecology Laboratories A11, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
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Clark GF, Kelaher BP, Dafforn KA, Coleman MA, Knott NA, Marzinelli EM, Johnston EL. What does impacted look like? High diversity and abundance of epibiota in modified estuaries. Environ Pollut 2015; 196:12-20. [PMID: 25282127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems modified by human activities are generally predicted to be biologically impoverished. However, much pollution impact theory stems from laboratory or small-scale field studies, and few studies replicate at the level of estuary. Furthermore, assessments are often based on sediment contamination and infauna, and impacts to epibiota (sessile invertebrates and algae) are seldom considered. We surveyed epibiota in six estuaries in south-east Australia. Half the estuaries were relatively pristine, and half were subject to internationally high levels of contamination, urbanisation, and industrialisation. Contrary to predictions, epibiota in modified estuaries had greater coverage and were similarly diverse as those in unmodified estuaries. Change in epibiota community structure was linearly correlated with sediment-bound copper, and the tubeworm Hydroides elegans showed a strong positive correlation with sediment metals. Stressors such as metal contamination can reduce biodiversity and productivity, but others such as nutrient enrichment and resource provision may obscure signals of impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme F Clark
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre & Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- New South Wales Fisheries, Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Nathan A Knott
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Jervis Bay Marine Park, Huskisson, NSW 2540, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Emma L Johnston
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Bugnot AB, Coleman RA, Figueira WF, Marzinelli EM. Patterns of the non-indigenous isopod Cirolana harfordi in Sydney Harbour. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86765. [PMID: 24466227 PMCID: PMC3899340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological introductions can alter the ecology of local assemblages and are an important driver of global environmental change. The first step towards understanding the impact of a non-indigenous species is to study its distribution and associations in the invaded area. In Sydney Harbour, the non-indigenous isopod Cirolana harfordi has been reported in densities up to 0.5 individuals per cm(2) in mussel-beds. Abundances of this species have, however, been largely overlooked in other key habitats. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the abundances and distribution of C. harfordi across different habitats representative of Sydney Harbour. Results showed that C. harfordi occurred in oyster and mussel-beds, being particularly abundant in oyster-beds. We also aimed to determine the role of C. harfordi as a predator, scavenger and detritus feeder by investigating the relationships between densities of C. harfordi and (i) the structure of the resident assemblages, and (ii) deposited organic matter in oyster-beds. Densities of C. harfordi were not related to the structure of the assemblages, nor amounts of deposited organic matter. These findings suggested little or no ecological impacts of C. harfordi in oyster-beds. These relationships may, however, affect other variables such as growth of individuals, or be disguised by high variability of assemblages among different locations. Future studies should, therefore, test the impacts of C. harfordi on the size of organisms in the assemblage and use manipulative experiments to control for spatial variation. This study is the first published work on the ecology of the invasion of C. harfordi and provides the starting-point for the study of the impacts of this species in Sydney Harbour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Bugnot
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ross A. Coleman
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Will F. Figueira
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Marzinelli EM, Burrows MT, Jackson AC, Mayer-Pinto M. Positive and negative effects of habitat-forming algae on survival, growth and intra-specific competition of limpets. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51601. [PMID: 23251589 PMCID: PMC3518463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of environmental change on the distribution and abundance of strongly interacting organisms, such as intertidal macroalgae and their grazers, needs a thorough knowledge of their underpinning ecological relationships. Control of grazer-plant interactions is bi-directional on northwestern European coasts: grazing by limpets structures populations of macroalgae, while macroalgae provide habitat and food for limpets. Scottish shores dominated by the macroalga Fucus vesiculosus support lower densities and larger sizes of limpets Patella vulgata than shores with less Fucus. These patterns may be due to differences in inter-size-class competitive interactions of limpets among shores with different covers of Fucus. To examine this model, densities of small and large limpets were manipulated in plots with and without Fucus. Amounts of biofilm were measured in each plot. The presence of Fucus increased survival but hindered growth of small (15 mm TL) limpets, which were negatively affected by the presence of large limpets (31 mm TL). In contrast, large limpets were not affected by the presence of Fucus or of small limpets. This suggests the occurrence of asymmetric inter-size-class competition, which was influenced by the presence of macroalgae. Macroalgae and increased densities of limpets did not influence amounts of biofilm. Our findings highlight the role of interactions among organisms in generating ecological responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
The addition of artificial structures along urbanised shorelines is a global phenomenon. Such modifications of habitats have important consequences to the abundance of fouling organisms on primary substrata, but the influence on fouling of habitat-formers living on these structures is poorly understood. Fouling of habitat-forming kelps Ecklonia radiata on pier-pilings was compared to that on rocky reefs at three locations in Sydney Harbour. Kelps on pilings supported different assemblages of bryozoans from those on reefs. The abundances of bryozoans on kelps, in particular of the non-indigenous species Membranipora membranacea, were significantly greater on pilings. Differences were consistent in time and space. This indicates that the addition of artificial structures also affects fouling on secondary biogenic substrata, altering biodiversity and potentially facilitating the introduction and dispersal of non-indigenous epibiota. Understanding the processes that cause these patterns is necessary to allow sensible predictions about ecological effects of built structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Biological Sciences, Marine Ecology Laboratories A11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Johnston EL, Marzinelli EM, Wood CA, Speranza D, Bishop JDD. Bearing the burden of boat harbours: heavy contaminant and fouling loads in a native habitat-forming alga. Mar Pollut Bull 2011; 62:2137-44. [PMID: 21820680 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Boat harbours are an increasingly common form of artificial habitat. This paper presents a comparative study of contaminants and foulers of a habitat-forming native kelp (Saccharina latissima) in four marinas and four reference locations along the south-west coast of the UK. Fouling of algal laminae was light (<2% cover) in reference locations, while epibiota cover ranged from 25% to 80% of laminae in marinas. Metals associated with antifouling paints were up to six times more concentrated in algal tissues from marinas than from the reference locations. Marinas also carried the greatest cover and diversity of non-indigenous epibiota on the kelp laminae. This indicates not only a potential stress to kelps in these environments, but also the possibility that detached laminae will act as vectors for the dispersal of non-indigenous species. The development of boat harbours creates habitats that are high risk source localities for pollution-tolerant fouling organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Johnston
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
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Abstract
Addition of man-made structures alters abiotic and biotic characteristics of natural habitats, which can influence abundances of biota directly and/or indirectly, by altering the ecology of competitors or predators. Marine epibiota in modified habitats were used to test hypotheses to distinguish between direct and indirect processes. In Sydney Harbour, kelps on pier-pilings supported greater covers of bryozoans, particularly of the non-indigenous species Membranipora membranacea, than found on natural reefs. Pilings influenced these patterns and processes directly due to the provision of shade and indirectly by altering abundances of sea-urchins which, in turn, affected covers of bryozoans. Indirect effects were more important than direct effects. This indicates that artificial structures affect organisms living on secondary substrata in complex ways, altering the biodiversity and indirectly affecting abundances of epibiota. Understanding how these components of habitats affect ecological processes is necessary to allow sensible prediction of the effects of modifying habitats on the ecology of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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