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Min B, Ahrendt S, Lipzen A, Toapanta CE, Blanchette RA, Cullen D, Hibbett DS, Grigoriev IV. Transcriptomics of Temporal- versus Substrate-Specific Wood Decay in the Brown-Rot Fungus Fibroporia radiculosa. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1029. [PMID: 37888285 PMCID: PMC10608345 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown-rot fungi lack many enzymes associated with complete wood degradation, such as lignin-attacking peroxidases, and have developed alternative mechanisms for rapid wood breakdown. To identify the effects of culture conditions and wood substrates on gene expression, we grew Fibroporia radiculosa in submerged cultures containing Wiley milled wood (5 days) and solid wood wafers (30 days), using aspen, pine, and spruce as a substrate. The comparative analysis revealed that wood species had a limited effect on the transcriptome: <3% of genes were differentially expressed between different wood species substrates. The comparison between gene expression during growth on milled wood and wood wafer conditions, however, indicated that the genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, such as glycoside hydrolases and peptidases, were activated during growth on wood wafers, confirming previous reports. On the other hand, it was shown for the first time that the genes encoding Fenton chemistry enzymes, such as hydroquinone biosynthesis enzymes and oxidoreductases, were activated during submerged growth on ground wood. This illustrates the diversity of wood-decay reactions encoded in fungi and activated at different stages of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungnam Min
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (B.M.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Steven Ahrendt
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (B.M.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (B.M.)
| | | | | | - Dan Cullen
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | | | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (B.M.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Pescuma M, Aparicio F, Zysler RD, Lima E, Zapata C, Marfetán JA, Vélez M, Ordoñez OF. Biogenic selenium nanoparticles with antifungal activity against the wood-rotting fungus Oligoporus pelliculosus. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 37:e00787. [PMID: 36818378 PMCID: PMC9929205 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have antimicrobial and antifungal activity. SeNPs using Se resistant bacteria is a low cost and eco-friendly technology. Fungal contamination of wood during drying is one of the main causes of economic losses in the wood industry. The bacterium Delftia sp. 5 resistance to Se and its ability to produce SeNPs able to inhibit the growth of the wood brown-rotting fungus Oligoporus pelliculosus was analyzed. The strain showed an optimal SeNPs production when selenite concentration was 160 mg L -1. The SeNPs were spherical with an average size 192.33 ± 8.6 nm and a zeta potential of -41.4 ± 1.3 nm. The SeNPs produced by Delftia sp. 5 (33.6 ± 0.1 mg L -1 Se) inhibited the growth of O. pelliculosus in agar plates and in Nothofagus pumilio (Lenga) wood samples. Delftia sp. 5 SeNPs could be used for embedding lenga wood prior to drying for preventing the growth of the deteriorating fungi O. pelliculosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Pescuma
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CIEFAP), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
| | - Francisca Aparicio
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CIEFAP), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
| | - Roberto D. Zysler
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Enio Lima
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Claudia Zapata
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CIEFAP), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Jorge A. Marfetán
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CIEFAP), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - M.Laura Vélez
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CIEFAP), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Omar F. Ordoñez
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CIEFAP), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
Wood modifications are becoming popular as a way to enhance the performance of wood, either to make it more durable, improve the performance of wood, or give it new functionality as a multifunctional or smart material. While wood modifications have been examined since the early 1900s, the topic has become a dominant area of study in wood science over the past decade. This review summarizes recent advances and provides future perspective on a selection of wood modifications, i.e., the methods that are currently commercialized (acetylation, furfurylation, and thermal modification), a rediscovered ancient practice (charring), a family of polymerization modifications that have so far made it to the pilot scale, and examples of novel wood-based functional materials explored at laboratory scale.
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Brischke C, Alfredsen G. Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3781-3795. [PMID: 32144473 PMCID: PMC8326242 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wood in service is sequestering carbon, but it is principally prone to deterioration where different fungi metabolize wood, and carbon dioxide is released back to the atmosphere. A key prerequisite for fungal degradation of wood is the presence of moisture. Conversely, keeping wood dry is the most effective way to protect wood from wood degradation and for long-term binding of carbon. Wood is porous and hygroscopic; it can take up water in liquid and gaseous form, and water is released from wood through evaporation following a given water vapour pressure gradient. During the last decades, the perception of wood-water relationships changed significantly and so did the view on moisture-affected properties of wood. Among the latter is its susceptibility to fungal decay. This paper reviews findings related to wood-water relationships and their role for fungal wood decomposition. These are complex interrelationships not yet fully understood, and current knowledge gaps are therefore identified. Studies with chemically and thermally modified wood are included as examples of fungal wood substrates with altered moisture properties. Quantification and localization of capillary and cell wall water - especially in the over-hygroscopic range - is considered crucial for determining minimum moisture thresholds (MMThr) of wood-decay fungi. The limitations of the various methods and experimental set-ups to investigate wood-water relationships and their role for fungal decay are manifold. Hence, combining techniques from wood science, mycology, biotechnology and advanced analytics is expected to provide new insights and eventually a breakthrough in understanding the intricate balance between fungal decay and wood-water relations. KEY POINTS: • Susceptibility to wood-decay fungi is closely linked to their physiological needs. • Content, state and distribution of moisture in wood are keys for fungal activity. • Quantification and localization of capillary and cell wall water in wood is needed. • New methodological approaches are expected to provide new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brischke
- Department of Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 4, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Gry Alfredsen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Forest and Forest Resources, Wood Technology, Høgskoleveien 8, 1433, Ås, Norway
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