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Han M, Zarkani AA, Duan Y, Grimm M, Trotereau J, Virlogeux-Payant I, Schikora A. Bidirectional Comparisons Revealed Functional Patterns in Interaction between Salmonella enterica and Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:414. [PMID: 38337947 PMCID: PMC10857149 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Plants may harbor the human pathogen Salmonella enterica. Interactions between S. enterica and different plant species have been studied in individual reports. However, disparities arising from the distinct experimental conditions may render a meaningful comparison very difficult. This study explored interaction patterns between different S. enterica strains including serovars Typhimurium 14028s and LT2 and serovar Senftenberg, and different plants (Arabidopsis, lettuce, and tomato) in one approach. Better persistence of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains was observed in all tested plants, whereas the resulting symptoms varied depending on plant species. Genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins were upregulated in plants inoculated with Salmonella. Furthermore, transcriptome of tomato indicated dynamic responses to Salmonella, with strong and specific responses already 24 h after inoculation. By comparing with publicly accessible Arabidopsis and lettuce transcriptome results generated in a similar manner, constants and variables were displayed. Plants responded to Salmonella with metabolic and physiological adjustments, albeit with variability in reprogrammed orthologues. At the same time, Salmonella adapted to plant leaf-mimicking media with changes in biosynthesis of cellular components and adjusted metabolism. This study provides insights into the Salmonella-plant interaction, allowing for a direct comparison of responses and adaptations in both organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Han
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.H.)
- INRAE Val de Loire, Université de Tours, L’Unité Mixte de Recherche Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Azhar A. Zarkani
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.H.)
| | - Yongming Duan
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.H.)
| | - Maja Grimm
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.H.)
| | - Jérôme Trotereau
- INRAE Val de Loire, Université de Tours, L’Unité Mixte de Recherche Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant
- INRAE Val de Loire, Université de Tours, L’Unité Mixte de Recherche Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Adam Schikora
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.H.)
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Fan Y, He X, Dai J, Yang N, Jiang Q, Xu Z, Tang X, Yu Y, Xiao M. Induced Resistance Mechanism of Bacillus velezensis S3-1 Against Pepper Wilt. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:367. [PMID: 37819393 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pepper wilt has emerged as a pivotal constraint on pepper yield augmentation. Bacillus velezensis S3-1, with a wide array of hosts, can be used as both a biocontrol agent and biofertilizer. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underpinning its employment in combating pepper wilt remain cloaked in ambiguity. In our study, we found that B. velezensis S3-1 could significantly inhibit Fusarium sp. F1T that caused pepper wilt. S3-1 could effectively inhibit both the growth and germination of F1T conidia, leading to a reduction in the spore germination percentage from 83.2 to 37.1% in vitro experiments. Additionally, leaf detachment experiments revealed that the volatile compounds produced by S3-1 could inhibit the spread of pepper leaf spot area. Moreover, we observed a significant decrease in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in pepper treated with S3-1, along with a significant increase in the content of soluble protein, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in pepper. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of the defense genes CaPR 1 and CaPIN II in pepper after treatment with S3-1 was significantly upregulated, suggesting that S3-1 had the potential to induce systemic resistance in pepper, thereby enhancing its disease resistance. Hence, our findings suggest that S3-1 can be a promising biocontrol agent for managing pepper wilt in modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie He
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China.
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Han M, Schierstaedt J, Duan Y, Nietschke M, Jechalke S, Wolf J, Hensel M, Neumann-Schaal M, Schikora A. Salmonella enterica relies on carbon metabolism to adapt to agricultural environments. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1213016. [PMID: 37744895 PMCID: PMC10513388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1213016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica, a foodborne and human pathogen, is a constant threat to human health. Agricultural environments, for example, soil and plants, can be ecological niches and vectors for Salmonella transmission. Salmonella persistence in such environments increases the risk for consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms used by Salmonella to adapt to agricultural environments. We assessed the adaptation strategy of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain 14028s to agricultural-relevant situations by analyzing the abundance of intermediates in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid pathway in tested environments (diluvial sand soil suspension and leaf-based media from tomato and lettuce), as well as in bacterial cells grown in such conditions. By reanalyzing the transcriptome data of Salmonella grown in those environments and using an independent RT-qPCR approach for verification, several genes were identified as important for persistence in root or leaf tissues, including the pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit E1 encoding gene aceE. In vivo persistence assay in tomato leaves confirmed the crucial role of aceE. A mutant in another tomato leaf persistence-related gene, aceB, encoding malate synthase A, displayed opposite persistence features. By comparing the metabolites and gene expression of the wild-type strain and its aceB mutant, fumarate accumulation was discovered as a potential way to replenish the effects of the aceB mutation. Our research interprets the mechanism of S. enterica adaptation to agriculture by adapting its carbon metabolism to the carbon sources available in the environment. These insights may assist in the development of strategies aimed at diminishing Salmonella persistence in food production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Han
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jasper Schierstaedt
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department Plant-Microbe Systems, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Yongming Duan
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Monika Nietschke
- Division of Microbiology, Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sven Jechalke
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Adam Schikora
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
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Hönig M, Roeber VM, Schmülling T, Cortleven A. Chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1146577. [PMID: 37223806 PMCID: PMC10200928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1146577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants can acquire an improved resistance against pathogen attacks by exogenous application of natural or artificial compounds. In a process called chemical priming, application of these compounds causes earlier, faster and/or stronger responses to pathogen attacks. The primed defense may persist over a stress-free time (lag phase) and may be expressed also in plant organs that have not been directly treated with the compound. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signaling pathways involved in chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks. Chemical priming in induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is highlighted. The roles of the transcriptional coactivator NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1), a key regulator of plant immunity, induced resistance (IR) and salicylic acid signaling during chemical priming are underlined. Finally, we consider the potential usage of chemical priming to enhance plant resistance to pathogens in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hönig
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Venja M. Roeber
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gu G, Murphy CM, Hamilton AM, Zheng J, Nou X, Rideout SL, Strawn LK. Effect of pesticide application on
Salmonella
survival on inoculated tomato leaves. J Food Saf 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganyu Gu
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Maryland USA
| | - Claire M. Murphy
- Department of Food Science and Technology Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Alexis M. Hamilton
- Department of Food Science and Technology Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition US Food and Drug Administration College Park Maryland USA
| | - Xiangwu Nou
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Maryland USA
| | - Steven L. Rideout
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Laura K. Strawn
- Department of Food Science and Technology Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
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George AS, Brandl MT. Plant Bioactive Compounds as an Intrinsic and Sustainable Tool to Enhance the Microbial Safety of Crops. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2485. [PMID: 34946087 PMCID: PMC8704493 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of produce-associated foodborne illness continue to pose a threat to human health worldwide. New approaches are necessary to improve produce safety. Plant innate immunity has potential as a host-based strategy for the deactivation of enteric pathogens. In response to various biotic and abiotic threats, plants mount defense responses that are governed by signaling pathways. Once activated, these result in the release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in addition to secondary metabolites that aim at tempering microbial infection and pest attack. These phytochemicals have been investigated as alternatives to chemical sanitization, as many are effective antimicrobial compounds in vitro. Their antagonistic activity toward enteric pathogens may also provide an intrinsic hurdle to their viability and multiplication in planta. Plants can detect and mount basal defenses against enteric pathogens. Evidence supports the role of plant bioactive compounds in the physiology of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes as well as their fitness on plants. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the effect of phytochemicals on enteric pathogens and their colonization of plants. Further understanding of the interplay between foodborne pathogens and the chemical environment on/in host plants may have lasting impacts on crop management for enhanced microbial safety through translational applications in plant breeding, editing technologies, and defense priming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria T. Brandl
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
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