1
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Tramice A, Paris D, Manca A, Guevara Agudelo FA, Petrosino S, Siracusa L, Carbone M, Melck D, Raymond F, Piscitelli F. Analysis of the oral microbiome during hormonal cycle and its alterations in menopausal women: the "AMICA" project. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22086. [PMID: 36543896 PMCID: PMC9772230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of human health is dependent on a symbiotic relationship between humans and associated bacteria. The diversity and abundance of each habitat's signature microbes vary widely among body areas and among them the oral microbiome plays a key role. Significant changes in the oral cavity, predominantly at salivary and periodontal level, have been associated with changes in estrogen levels. However, whether the oral microbiome is affected by hormonal level alterations is understudied. Hence the main objective pursued by AMICA project was to characterize the oral microbiome (saliva) in healthy women through: profiling studies using "omics" technologies (NMR-based metabolomics, targeted lipidomics by LC-MS, metagenomics by NGS); SinglePlex ELISA assays; glycosidase activity analyses and bioinformatic analysis. For this purpose, thirty-nine medically healthy women aged 26-77 years (19 with menstrual cycle and 20 in menopause) were recruited. Participants completed questionnaires assessing detailed medical and medication history and demographic characteristics. Plasmatic and salivary levels of sexual hormones were assessed (FSH, estradiol, LH and progesteron) at day 3 and 14 for women with menstrual cycle and only once for women in menopause. Salivary microbiome composition was assessed through meta-taxonomic 16S sequencing and overall, the salivary microbiome of most women remained relatively stable throughout the menstrual cycle and in menopause. Targeted lipidomics and untargeted metabolomics profiling were assessed through the use of LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy technologies, respectively and significant changes in terms of metabolites were identified in saliva of post-menopausal women in comparison to cycle. Moreover, glycosyl hydrolase activities were screened and showed that the β-D-hexosaminidase activity was the most present among those analyzed. Although this study has not identified significant alterations in the composition of the oral microbiome, multiomics analysis have revealed a strong correlation between 2-AG and α-mannosidase. In conclusion, the use of a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the oral microbiome of healthy women provided some indication about microbiome-derived predictive biomarkers that could be used in the future for developing new strategies to help to re-establish the correct hormonal balance in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Tramice
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - D. Paris
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - A. Manca
- CNR Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Sassari, Italy
| | | | - S. Petrosino
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy ,Epitech Group SpA, Saccolongo (PD), Italy
| | - L. Siracusa
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - M. Carbone
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - D. Melck
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - F. Raymond
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Université Laval, Québéc City, Canada
| | - F. Piscitelli
- grid.473581.c0000 0004 1761 6004CNR Istituto Di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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2
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Hong F, Chen P, Yu X, Chen Q. The Application of Silver to Decontaminate Dental Unit Waterlines-a Systematic Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4988-5002. [PMID: 34997534 PMCID: PMC8741583 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03105-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is a major health concern since it can pose cross-infection risks among dental professionals and their patients. Silver is one of the widely used metals in medical fields due to its superior antimicrobial properties. Silver-based agents have been commercially available for the decontamination of dental unit water currently. This systematic review aims to examine the evidence supporting efficacy and safety of application of silver to decontaminate DUWLs. We performed a search of the peer-review literature of studies in six electronic databases using corresponding search terms. Eligibility was restricted to English-language studies exploring the application of silver to decontaminate dental unit water, e.g., silver-based disinfectants and silver-coated dental waterlines tubing. The search identified 148 articles, and 9 articles that met the criteria were synthesized with qualitative narrative analyses. We observed good evidence of antimicrobial efficacy of silver with hydrogen peroxide on diverse microorganism present in DUWLs. Furthermore, there is insufficient evidence on the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an efficient material to control the biofilms in DUWLs. Post-treatment data of either the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of silver or AgNPs, especially the actual clinical efficacy of long-term application, are scarce. More high-quality research is needed to resolve the gap on the optimal dosage and treatment options required to control bacterial and biofilm in DUWLs with silver-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiruo Hong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Piaopiao Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefen Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Li Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Luo B, Cui J, Huang L, Chen K, Liu Y. The oral microbiota and cardiometabolic health: A comprehensive review and emerging insights. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010368. [PMID: 36466857 PMCID: PMC9716288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence demonstrating that oral dysbiosis causes periodontal disease and promotes the development of cardiovascular disease. The advancement of omics techniques has driven the optimization of oral microbiota species analysis and has provided a deeper understanding of oral pathogenic bacteria. A bi-directional relationship exists between the oral microbiota and the host, and oral-gut microbiota transfer is known to alter the composition of the gut microbiota and may cause local metabolic disorders. Furthermore, cardiovascular health can also be highly affected by oral microbiota functions and metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and some lipid metabolites. Studies have found that trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) may have adverse effects on cardiovascular health, whereas SCFAs, NO, and H2S have cardioprotective effects. SCFAs and H2S exert varying oral and cardiovascular effects, however reports on this specific topic remain controversial. Previous evidences are accustomed to summarizing the functions of oral microbiota in the context of periodontitis. The direct relationship between oral microbiota and cardiovascular diseases is insufficient. By systematically summarizing the methods associated with oral microbiota transplantation (OMT), this review facilitates an investigation into the causal links between oral microbiota and cardiovascular disease. The concomitant development of omics, bioinformatics, bacterial culture techniques, and microbiota transplantation techniques is required to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between oral microbiota and cardiovascular disease occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- The Second Department of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binyu Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Yrjänäinen A, Patrikainen MS, Azizi L, Tolvanen MEE, Laitaoja M, Jänis J, Hytönen VP, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Parkkila S. Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase VI from Human Milk and Saliva. Protein J 2022; 41:489-503. [PMID: 35947329 PMCID: PMC9464147 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide and take part in many essential physiological processes. In humans, 15 CAs are characterized, including the only secreted isoenzyme CA VI. CA VI has been linked to specific processes in the mouth, namely bitter taste perception, dental caries, and maintenance of enamel pellicle, and implicated in several immunity-related phenomena. However, little is known of the mechanisms of the above. In this study, we characterized human CA VI purified from saliva and milk with biophysical methods and measured their enzyme activities and acetazolamide inhibition. Size-exclusion chromatography showed peaks of salivary and milk CA VI corresponding to hexameric state or larger at pH 7.5. At pH 5.0 the hexamer peaks dominated. SDS- PAGE of milk CA VI protein treated with a bifunctional crosslinker further confirmed that a majority of CA VI is oligomers of similar sizes in solution. Mass spectrometry experiments confirmed that both of the two putative N-glycosylation sites, Asn67 and Asn256, are heterogeneously glycosylated. The attached glycans in milk CA VI were di- and triantennary complex-type glycans, carrying both a core fucose and 1 to 2 additional fucose units, whereas the glycans in salivary CA VI were smaller, seemingly degraded forms of core fucosylated complex- or hybrid-type glycans. Mass spectrometry also verified the predicted signal peptide cleavage site and the terminal residue, Gln 18, being in pyroglutamate form. Thorough characterization of CA VI paves way to better understanding of the biological function of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Yrjänäinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maarit S Patrikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Mikko Laitaoja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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5
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Barbour A, Elebyary O, Fine N, Oveisi M, Glogauer M. Metabolites of the Oral Microbiome: Important Mediators of Multi-Kingdom Interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6316110. [PMID: 34227664 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity hosts over 700 different microbial species that produce a rich reservoir of bioactive metabolites critical to oral health maintenance. Over the last two decades, new insights into the oral microbiome and its importance in health and disease have emerged mainly due to the discovery of new oral microbial species using next-generation sequencing (NGS). This advancement has revolutionized the documentation of unique microbial profiles associated with different niches and health/disease states within the oral cavity and the relation of the oral bacteria to systemic diseases. However, less work has been done to identify and characterize the unique oral microbial metabolites that play critical roles in maintaining equilibrium between the various oral microbial species and their human hosts. This article discusses the most significant microbial metabolites produced by these diverse communities of oral bacteria that can either foster health or contribute to disease. Finally, we shed light on how advances in genomics and genome mining can provide a high throughput platform for discovering novel bioactive metabolites derived from the human oral microbiome to tackle emerging human infections and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelahhad Barbour
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Omnia Elebyary
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Morvarid Oveisi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1G6, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial and Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 2M9, Canada
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6
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Teixeira Essenfelder L, Gomes AA, Coimbra JLM, Moreira MA, Ferraz SM, Miquelluti DJ, Felippe da Silva G, Magalhães MDLB. Salivary β-glucosidase as a direct factor influencing the occurrence of halitosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100965. [PMID: 33732903 PMCID: PMC7941027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidases are enzymes present in all living organisms, playing a pivotal role in diverse biological processes. These enzymes cleave β-glycosidic bonds between carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety, which may result in the liberation of volatile aglycones. Released compounds execute diverse physiological roles, while the industry takes advantage of exogenously added β-glucosidases for aroma enrichment during food and beverage production. β-Glucosidase enzymatic activity has been reported in human saliva and given the fact that these enzymes are involved in aroma release, we investigated here the correlation between β-glucosidase activity in human saliva and the occurrence of halitosis. Measurement of salivary enzyme activity of 48 volunteers was performed using p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside as substrate. Each volunteer was clinically evaluated by a dental surgeon and clinical and laboratorial data were statistically analyzed. Gas-chromatography of saliva headspace allowed the analysis of the direct role of exogenous β-glucosidase on aromatic /volatile profile of saliva samples. The data demonstrated a positive correlation between halitosis and enzymatic activity, suggesting that the enzyme exerts a direct role in the occurrence of bad breath. Gas-chromatography analysis demonstrated that exogenously added enzyme led to the alteration of volatile organic content, confirming a direct contribution of β-glucosidase activity on saliva volatile compounds release. Although halitosis is a multifactorial condition, the complete understanding of all governing factors may allow the development of more effective treatment strategies. Such studies may pave the way to the use of β-glucosidase inhibitors for halitosis clinical management. β-Glucosidases are capable of altering the aromatic profile of saliva. Increased salivary β-glucosidase is associated with halitosis. Increased salivary β-glucosidase is associated with dental biofilm. Salivary β-glucosidases are produced by oral microrganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimari Teixeira Essenfelder
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Albino Gomes
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Luis Meirelles Coimbra
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Moreira
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Ferraz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - David José Miquelluti
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Felippe da Silva
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Borba Magalhães
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Agroveterinary Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
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7
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Cleaver LM, Moazzez RV, Carpenter GH. Evidence for Proline Utilization by Oral Bacterial Biofilms Grown in Saliva. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:619968. [PMID: 33552029 PMCID: PMC7855038 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.619968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the mouth bacteria are starved of saccharides as their main nutrient source between meals and it is unclear what drives their metabolism. Previously oral in vitro biofilms grown in saliva have shown proteolytic degradation of salivary proteins and increased extracellular proline. Although arginine and glucose have been shown before to have an effect on oral biofilm growth and activity, there is limited evidence for proline. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to identify extracellular metabolites produced by bacteria in oral biofilms grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Biofilms were inoculated with stimulated whole mouth saliva and then grown for 7 days using sterilized stimulated whole mouth saliva supplemented with proline, arginine or glucose as a growth-medium. Overall proline had a beneficial effect on biofilm growth-with significantly fewer dead bacteria present by biomass and surface area of the biofilms (p < 0.05). Where arginine and glucose significantly increased and decreased pH, respectively, the pH of proline supplemented biofilms remained neutral at pH 7.3-7.5. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the spent saliva from proline and arginine supplemented biofilms showed inhibition of salivary protein degradation of immature biofilms. NMR analysis of the spent saliva revealed that proline supplemented biofilms were metabolically similar to unsupplemented biofilms, but these biofilms actively metabolized proline to 5-aminopentanoate, butyrate and propionate, and actively utilized glycine. This study shows that in a nutrient limited environment, proline has a beneficial effect on in vitro oral biofilms grown from a saliva inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M. Cleaver
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca V. Moazzez
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Science, King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy H. Carpenter
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Assessing the Role of Pharyngeal Cell Surface Glycans in Group A Streptococcus Biofilm Formation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110775. [PMID: 33158121 PMCID: PMC7694240 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes 700 million infections and accounts for half a million deaths per year. Antibiotic treatment failure rates of 20–40% have been observed. The role host cell glycans play in GAS biofilm formation in the context of GAS pharyngitis and subsequent antibiotic treatment failure has not been previously investigated. GAS serotype M12 GAS biofilms were assessed for biofilm formation on Detroit 562 pharyngeal cell monolayers following enzymatic removal of all N-linked glycans from pharyngeal cells with PNGase F. Removal of N-linked glycans resulted in an increase in biofilm biomass compared to untreated controls. Further investigation into the removal of terminal mannose and sialic acid residues with α1-6 mannosidase and the broad specificity sialidase (Sialidase A) also found that biofilm biomass increased significantly when compared to untreated controls. Increases in biofilm biomass were associated with increased production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Furthermore, it was found that M12 GAS biofilms grown on untreated pharyngeal monolayers exhibited a 2500-fold increase in penicillin tolerance compared to planktonic GAS. Pre-treatment of monolayers with exoglycosidases resulted in a further doubling of penicillin tolerance in resultant biofilms. Lastly, an additional eight GAS emm-types were assessed for biofilm formation in response to terminal mannose and sialic acid residue removal. As seen for M12, biofilm biomass on monolayers increased following removal of terminal mannose and sialic acid residues. Collectively, these data demonstrate that pharyngeal cell surface glycan structures directly impact GAS biofilm formation in a strain and glycan specific fashion.
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9
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Welp AL, Bomberger JM. Bacterial Community Interactions During Chronic Respiratory Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:213. [PMID: 32477966 PMCID: PMC7240048 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media, asthma, cystic fibrosis, non-CF bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are a major public health burden. Patients suffering from chronic respiratory disease are prone to persistent, debilitating respiratory infections due to the decreased ability to clear pathogens from the respiratory tract. Such infections often develop into chronic, life-long complications that are difficult to treat with antibiotics due to the formation of recalcitrant biofilms. The microbial communities present in the upper and lower respiratory tracts change as these respiratory diseases progress, often becoming less diverse and dysbiotic, correlating with worsening patient morbidity. Those with chronic respiratory disease are commonly infected with a shared group of respiratory pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Moraxella catarrhalis, among others. In order to understand the microbial landscape of the respiratory tract during chronic disease, we review the known inter-species interactions among these organisms and other common respiratory flora. We consider both the balance between cooperative and competitive interactions in relation to microbial community structure. By reviewing the major causes of chronic respiratory disease, we identify common features across disease states and signals that might contribute to community shifts. As microbiome shifts have been associated with respiratory disease progression, worsening morbidity, and increased mortality, these underlying community interactions likely have an impact on respiratory disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Welp
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer M Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Hu C, Wang L, Lin Y, Liang H, Zhou S, Zheng F, Feng X, Rui Y, Shao L. Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Oral Biofilms: Current State, Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, and Prospects. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1901301. [PMID: 31763779 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to their excellent size, designability, and outstanding targeted antibacterial effects, nanoparticles have become a potential option for controlling oral biofilm-related infections. However, the formation of an oral biofilm is a dynamic process, and factors affecting the performance of antibiofilm treatments are complex. As such, when examining the existing literature on the antibiofilm effects of nanoparticles, attention should be paid to the specific mechanisms of action at different stages of oral biofilm formation, as well as relevant influencing factors, in order to achieve an objective and comprehensive evaluation. This review is intended to detail the antibacterial mechanisms of nanoparticles during the four stages of the formation of oral biofilms: 1) acquired film formation; 2) bacterial adhesion; 3) early biofilm development; and 4) biofilm maturation. In addition, factors influencing the antibiofilm properties of nanoparticles are summarized from the aspects of nanoparticles themselves, biofilm models, and host factors. The limitations of current research and possible trends for future research are also discussed. In summary, nanoparticles are a promising antioral biofilm strategy. It is hoped that this review can serve as a reference and inspire ideas for further research on the application of nanoparticles for effectively targeting and treating oral biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of StomatologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Lin‐Lin Wang
- Department of StomatologyHainan General Hospital Haikou Hainan 570311 China
| | - Yu‐Qing Lin
- Department of StomatologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Hui‐Min Liang
- Department of StomatologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Shan‐Yu Zhou
- Department of StomatologyThe People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen 518109 China
| | - Fen Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine CenterNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Laboratory MedicineFoshan Women and Children Hospital Foshan Guangdong 528000 China
| | - Xiao‐Li Feng
- Department of StomatologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yong‐Yu Rui
- Laboratory Medicine CenterNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Long‐Quan Shao
- Department of StomatologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Guangzhou 510515 China
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11
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Teixeira Essenfelder L, Gomes AA, Miquelutti D, da Silva GF, Magalhães MLB. Effect of xylitol on salivary
β
‐glucosidase in humans. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:472-475. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucimari Teixeira Essenfelder
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Anderson A. Gomes
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - David Miquelutti
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta Catarina Brazil
| | - Gustavo F. da Silva
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Maria L. B. Magalhães
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
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Glucosidase activity in dental biofilms in adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliances - a putative marker for white spot lesions - a clinical exploratory trial. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:122-127. [PMID: 31004977 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Approximately 25% of the adolescents in the Scandinavian population are treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance (FOA). Adverse effects such as enamel decalcification (white spot lesions - WSL), seem to affect over 30% of patients. WSL have only a limited ability to improve, thus seriously jeopardising the treatment outcome. The aim of present study was to explore the biofilm phenotype by investigating plaque collected: 1) adjacent to brackets, and 2) in gingival margin of maxillary incisors in adolescents with FOA. Incidence of WSL after treatment was also assessed. DESIGN In eight adolescent patients treated with FOA, supra-gingival plaque formed on: 1) brackets, and 2) along the gingival margin of the maxillary incisors, was collected after 6-8 months of treatment. The patients were documented before and after treatment by intraoral photos. Plaque samples were tested for glycosidase- (fluorogenic substrates) and protease (FITC-labelled casein substrate) activities. The plaque samples were visualised by Live/Dead BacLight stain, following which cells were investigated by confocal scanning laser microscopy. RESULTS In the collected plaque samples, all enzymes tested displayed small variations in activity between the individuals, except glucosidases, which varied significantly. Four patients developed WSL. The patients displayed higher glucosidase activity in plaque of brackets compared to patients without WSL. In seven patients, plaque at the gingival margin displayed higher protease activity than plaque of brackets. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows two distinct environmentally induced biofilm phenotypes: 1) brackets with higher glucosidase activity, and 2) gingival margin with higher protease activity. Glucosidase activity might thus be used as a putative biomarker for risk of WSL.
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Cataldi A, Gallorini M, Di Giulio M, Guarnieri S, Mariggiò MA, Traini T, Di Pietro R, Cellini L, Marsich E, Sancilio S. Adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts/Streptococcus mitis co-culture on the nanocomposite system Chitlac-nAg. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:88. [PMID: 26970770 PMCID: PMC4789204 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials are increasingly used as dental restoration. In the field of biomaterials, infections remain the main reason of dental devices failure. Silver, in the form of nanoparticles (AgNPs), ions and salt, well known for its antimicrobial properties, is used in several medical applications in order to avoid bacterial infection. To reduce both bacterial adhesion to dental devices and cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells, we coated BisGMA/TEGDMA methacrylic thermosets with a new material, Chitlac-nAg, formed by stabilized AgNPs with a polyelectrolyte solution containing Chitlac. Here we analyzed the proliferative and adhesive ability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on BisGMA/TEGDMA thermosets uncoated and coated with AgNPs in a coculture model system with Streptococcus mitis. After 48 h, HGFs well adhered onto both surfaces, while S. mitis cytotoxic response was higher in the presence of AgNPs coated thermosets. After 24 h thermosets coated with Chitlac as well as those coated with Chitlac-nAg exerted a minimal cytotoxic effect on HGFs, while after 48 h LDH release raised up to 20 %. Moreover the presence of S. mitis reduced this release mainly when HGFs adhered to Chitlac-nAg coated thermosets. The reduced secretion of collagen type I was significant in the presence of both surfaces with the co-culture system even more when saliva is added. Integrin β1 localized closely to cell membranes onto Chitlac-nAg thermosets and PKCα translocated into nuclei. These data confirm that Chitlac-nAg have a promising utilization in the field of restorative dentistry exerting their antimicrobial activity due to AgNPs without cytotoxicity for eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy.
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Center for Aging Science (Ce.S.I.), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Center for Aging Science (Ce.S.I.), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tonino Traini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Sancilio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
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In vitro antibacterial activity and major bioactive components of Cinnamomum verum essential oils against cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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