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Miyar HK, Jathanna NN, Selvaraj R, Vinayagam R, Pugazhendhi A, Goveas LC. Multifunctional hydrophobin-like protein (HFB-NJ1): A versatile solution for wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119139. [PMID: 38750996 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
As wastewater contains a variety of contaminating bacteria and oily residues, there is an urgent need for environmentally safe bactericidal agents and surfactants which can be applied for wastewater treatment. The present study emphasizes on the potential of hydrophobin-like protein (HFB-NJ1) extracted from sporulating mycelia of Aspergillus sp. NJ1 for wastewater treatment. The purified HFB-NJ1, depicted the presence of one single protein band of molecular size approximately 11-12 kDa on silver-stained SDS-PAGE gel. HFB-NJ1 also presented properties such as surface modification of glass and stable emulsification of sunflower oil. HFB-NJ1 depicted exceptional antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens such as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at low MIC of 0.5 μg/mL and 0.75 μg/mL respectively. Additionally, HFB-NJ1 depicted enhanced emulsification of various vegetable and petroleum-based oils (E24 > 80%). HFB-NJ1 effectively reduced gold ions, producing nanospheres with a size of 15.33 nm - a recognized antimicrobial agent. This study underscores the multifunctional attributes of HFB-NJ1, highlighting its efficacy in removing pathogenic bacteria, emulsifying organic compounds from wastewater, and demonstrating a reduction ability for nanoparticle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshitha Kamath Miyar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Nitte, India
| | - Neetha Nirupam Jathanna
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Mangalore, India
| | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - A Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Louella Concepta Goveas
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Nitte, India.
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Aspergillus Hydrophobins: Physicochemical Properties, Biochemical Properties, and Functions in Solid Polymer Degradation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081498. [PMID: 35893556 PMCID: PMC9394342 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small amphipathic proteins conserved in filamentous fungi. In this review, the properties and functions of Aspergillus hydrophobins are comprehensively discussed on the basis of recent findings. Multiple Aspergillus hydrophobins have been identified and categorized in conventional class I and two non-conventional classes. Some Aspergillus hydrophobins can be purified in a water phase without organic solvents. Class I hydrophobins of Aspergilli self-assemble to form amphipathic membranes. At the air–liquid interface, RolA of Aspergillus oryzae self-assembles via four stages, and its self-assembled films consist of two layers, a rodlet membrane facing air and rod-like structures facing liquid. The self-assembly depends mainly on hydrophobin conformation and solution pH. Cys4–Cys5 and Cys7–Cys8 loops, disulfide bonds, and conserved Cys residues of RodA-like hydrophobins are necessary for self-assembly at the interface and for adsorption to solid surfaces. AfRodA helps Aspergillus fumigatus to evade recognition by the host immune system. RodA-like hydrophobins recruit cutinases to promote the hydrolysis of aliphatic polyesters. This mechanism appears to be conserved in Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi, and may be beneficial for their growth. Aspergilli produce various small secreted proteins (SSPs) including hydrophobins, hydrophobic surface–binding proteins, and effector proteins. Aspergilli may use a wide variety of SSPs to decompose solid polymers.
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Andreu C, Gómez-Peinado J, Winandy L, Fischer R, Del Olmo ML. Surface display of HFBI and DewA hydrophobins on Saccharomyces cerevisiae modifies tolerance to several adverse conditions and biocatalytic performance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1505-1518. [PMID: 33484321 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are relatively small proteins produced naturally by filamentous fungi with interesting biotechnological and biomedical applications given their self-assembly capacity, efficient adherence to natural and artificial surfaces, and to introduce modifications on the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of surfaces. In this work we demonstrate the efficient expression on the S. cerevisiae cell surface of class II HFBI of Trichoderma reesei and class I DewA of Aspergillus nidulans, a hydrophobin not previously exposed, using the Yeast Surface Display a-agglutinin (Aga1-Aga2) system. We show that the resulting modifications affect surface properties, and also yeast cells' resistance to several adverse conditions. The fact that viability of the engineered strains increases under heat and osmotic stress is particularly interesting. Besides, improved biocatalytic activity toward the reduction of ketone 1-phenoxypropan-2-one takes place in the reactions carried out at both 30 °C and 40 °C, within a concentration range between 0.65 and 2.5 mg/mL. These results suggest interesting potential applications for hydrophobin-exposing yeasts. KEY POINTS : • Class I hydrophobin DewA can be efficiently exposed on S. cerevisiae cell surfaces. • Yeast exposure of HFBI and DewA increases osmotic and heat resistance. • Engineered strains show modified biocatalytic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Andreu
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Peinado
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Lex Winandy
- Department of Microbiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-South Campus, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-South Campus, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Li Del Olmo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain.
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Cheng Y, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu C, Yang L, Chen Z, Wang Y, Yang H, Wang Z. Soluble hydrophobin mutants produced in Escherichia coli can self-assemble at various interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 573:384-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stanzione I, Pezzella C, Giardina P, Sannia G, Piscitelli A. Beyond natural laccases: extension of their potential applications by protein engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:915-924. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Döring J, Rettke D, Rödel G, Pompe T, Ostermann K. Surface Functionalization by Hydrophobin-EPSPS Fusion Protein Allows for the Fast and Simple Detection of Glyphosate. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E104. [PMID: 31470576 PMCID: PMC6784374 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, the most widely used pesticide worldwide, is under debate due to its potentially cancerogenic effects and harmful influence on biodiversity and environment. Therefore, the detection of glyphosate in water, food or environmental probes is of high interest. Currently detection of glyphosate usually requires specialized, costly instruments, is labor intensive and time consuming. Here we present a fast and simple method to detect glyphosate in the nanomolar range based on the surface immobilization of glyphosate's target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) via fusion to the hydrophobin Ccg2 and determination of enzyme activity with a malachite green assay, which is a common photometric technique to measure inorganic phosphate (Pi). The assay demonstrates a new approach for a fast and simple detection of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Döring
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany.
| | - David Rettke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rödel
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai Ostermann
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
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Cell surface display of proteins on filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6949-6972. [PMID: 31359105 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein display approaches have been useful to endow the cell surface of yeasts with new catalytic activities so that they can act as enhanced whole-cell biocatalysts. Despite their biotechnological potential, protein display technologies remain poorly developed for filamentous fungi. The lignocellulolytic character of some of them coupled to the cell surface biosynthesis of valuable molecules by a single or a cascade of several displayed enzymes is an appealing prospect. Cell surface protein display consists in the co-translational fusion of a functional protein (passenger) to an anchor one, usually a cell-wall-resident protein. The abundance, spacing, and local environment of the displayed enzymes-determined by the relationship of the anchor protein with the structure and dynamics of the engineered cell wall-are factors that influence the performance of display-based biocatalysts. The development of protein display strategies in filamentous fungi could be based on the field advances in yeasts; however, the unique composition, structure, and biology of filamentous fungi cell walls require the customization of the approach to those microorganisms. In this prospective review, the cellular bases, the design principles, and the available tools to foster the development of cell surface protein display technologies in filamentous fungi are discussed.
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Fungal hydrophobins render stones impermeable for water but keep them permeable for vapor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6264. [PMID: 31000787 PMCID: PMC6472399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The conservation of architectural heritage is a big challenge in times with increasing air pollution with aggressive gases. A second major threat to buildings is the combination of water and air contaminants which may be used by microorganisms for their metabolism. Hence, myriads of different bacteria and fungi populate stone surfaces and penetrate into the fine pores and cracks. Whereas epoxid-based paintings (or other paintings) may protect the coated surfaces from water and aggressive gases, these chemicals seal the stone surface and prevent also the evaporation of vapor from the inside of the buildings. Here, we tested a natural, fungal protein-based coating method. Fungi use small, amphiphilic proteins to turn their surfaces hydrophobic. We found that Aspergillus nidulans hydrophobin DewA and Trichoderma reesei HFBI confer hydrophobicity to stones but keep their pores open. The effect resembles “Gore-tex” fabric material.
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Development of a biosensing platform based on a laccase-hydrophobin chimera. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3061-3071. [PMID: 30783720 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple and stable immobilization of a laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus was obtained through genetic fusion with a self-assembling and adhesive class I hydrophobin. The chimera protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris and secreted into the culture medium. The crude culture supernatant was directly used for coatings of polystyrene multi-well plates without additional treatments, a procedure that resulted in a less time-consuming and chemicals reduction. Furthermore, the gene fusion yielded a positive effect with respect to the wild-type recombinant enzyme in terms of both immobilization and stability. The multi-well plate with the immobilized chimera was used to develop an optical biosensor to monitor two phenolic compounds: L-DOPA ((S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid) and caffeic acid (3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid); the estimation of which is a matter of interest in the pharmaceutics and food field. The method was based on the use of the analytes as competing inhibitors of the laccase-mediated ABTS oxidation. The main advantages of the developed biosensor are the ease of preparation, the use of small sample volumes, and the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples on a single platform.
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In situ removal of consensus dengue virus envelope protein domain III fused to hydrophobin in Pichia pastoris cultures. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 153:131-137. [PMID: 30240632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a novel strategy for the integrated expression and purification of recombinant proteins in Pichia pastoris cultures. Hydrophobins can be used as fusion tags, proteins fused to them alter their hydrophobicity and can be purified by aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) based on non-ionic surfactants. Here, the consensus dengue virus envelope protein domain III fused to hydrophobin I of Trichoderma reesei was expressed in Pichia pastoris cultures and an in situ product removal by an ATPS using a non-ionic detergent, (Triton X-114) was performed. The protein was produced and purified directly from the yeast culture supernatant both efficiently and with no loss. The purified protein was properly immobilized by adsorption in solid phase and recognized by anti-dengue antibodies, showing its potential for the development of an indirect immunoassay for dengue virus.
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Winandy L, Hilpert F, Schlebusch O, Fischer R. Comparative analysis of surface coating properties of five hydrophobins from Aspergillus nidulans and Trichoderma reseei. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12033. [PMID: 30104653 PMCID: PMC6089913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal hydrophobins are small amphiphilic proteins that self-assemble into monolayers on hydrophobic:hydrophilic interfaces and can be used for surface coatings. Because e.g. Aspergillus nidulans contains six different hydrophobins, it is likely that they have different properties and are used for different “applications” in the fungus. We established a method for recombinant production of different class hydrophobins in Escherichia coli. We produced DewA, DewC, DewD, DewE from A. nidulans and HFBI from Trichoderma reesei and compared surface coating properties of these hydrophobins. All tested proteins formed coatings on glass, strongly increasing the hydrophobicity of the surface, and showed emulsion-stabilizing properties. But whereas the typical class I hydrophobin DewA formed the most stable coating on glass, the intermediate class hydrophobins DewE and DewD were more effective in stabilization of oil:water emulsions. This work gives insights into correlations between structural characteristics of hydrophobins and their behaviour as surface binding agents. It could help with the clarification of their biological functions and lead to novel biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex Winandy
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Hilpert
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Schlebusch
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Applications of Functional Amyloids from Fungi: Surface Modification by Class I Hydrophobins. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7030045. [PMID: 28672843 PMCID: PMC5618226 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I hydrophobins produced from fungi are amongst the first proteins recognized as functional amyloids. They are amphiphilic proteins involved in the formation of aerial structures such as spores or fruiting bodies. They form chemically robust layers which can only be dissolved in strong acids. These layers adhere to different surfaces, changing their wettability, and allow the binding of other proteins. Herein, the modification of diverse types of surfaces with Class I hydrophobins is reported, highlighting the applications of the coated surfaces. Indeed, these coatings can be exploited in several fields, spanning from biomedical to industrial applications, which include biosensing and textile manufacturing.
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