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D’Andrilli J, Silverman V, Buckley S, Rosario-Ortiz FL. Inferring Ecosystem Function from Dissolved Organic Matter Optical Properties: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11146-11161. [PMID: 35917372 PMCID: PMC9387109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the optical property community has shifted from conducting dissolved organic matter (DOM) measurements on new complex mixtures in natural and engineered systems to furthering ecosystem understanding in the context of past, present, and future carbon (C) cycling regimes. However, the appropriate use of optical properties to understand DOM behavior in complex biogeochemical systems is of recent debate. This critical review provides an extensive survey of DOM optical property literature across atmospheric, marine, and terrestrial biospheres using a categorical approach that probes each biosphere and its subdivisions. Using this approach, a rubric of ecosystem variables, such as productive nature, C cycling rate, C inputs, and water quality, sets the foundation for interpreting commonly used optical property DOM metrics such as fluorescence index (FI), humification index (HIX), and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254). Case studies and a meta-analysis of each biosphere and subdivision found substantial overlap and characteristic distributions corresponding to ecosystem context for FI, HIX, and SUVA254, signifying chromophores and fluorophores from different ecosystems may be more similar than originally thought. This review challenges researchers to consider ecosystem connectivity when applying optical property results rather than making traditional "if this, then that" results-style conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D’Andrilli
- Louisiana
Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, United States
- . Phone: (985) 851-2876. Fax: (985) 851-2874
| | - Victoria Silverman
- Louisiana
Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, Louisiana 70344, United States
- University
of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
| | - Shelby Buckley
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental
Engineering Program, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United
States
| | - Fernando L. Rosario-Ortiz
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental
Engineering Program, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United
States
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Khosasih V, Prasetyo N, Sudianto E, Waturangi DE. Prevalence and characterization of Ice Nucleation Active (INA) bacteria from rainwater in Indonesia. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:116. [PMID: 35477335 PMCID: PMC9044597 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria are a group of microorganisms that can act as biological nucleator due to their ice nucleation protein property. Unfortunately, little is known about their prevalence and characteristics in tropical areas including Indonesia. Here, we monitor the presence of INA bacteria in rainwater and air samples collected from Jakarta, Tangerang and several areas in Western Java, Indonesia for one year. We further identify and characterize selected Class A of INA bacteria isolated from these areas. Results Most of the INA bacteria were isolated from rainwater samples collected during March–August 2010, particularly from Jakarta, Bandung, and Tangerang. A total of 1,902 bacterial isolates were recovered from these area. We found a limited number of bacterial isolates from air sampling. From ice nucleation activity assays, 101 INA isolates were found active as ice nucleator at a temperature above -10 °C. A large majority (73 isolates) of them are classified as Class C (active below -8 °C), followed by Class A (26 isolates; active at -2 to -5 °C) and Class B (two isolates; active at -5 to -8 °C). We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene of 18 Class A INA isolates and identified 15 isolates as Enterobacteriaceae, while the remaining three as Pseudomonadaceae. The vast majority of our Class A INA isolates were likely Pantoea spp. with several isolates were deduced as either Pseudomonas, Cronobacter, and Klebsiella. We found that these 18 Class A INA isolates had acquired resistance to antibiotics erythromycin and ampicillin, which are considered two critically important antibiotics. Conclusions Our results showed that the prevalence of INA bacterial population varies across locations and seasons. Furthermore, our isolates were dominated by Class A and C INA bacteria. This study also cautions regarding the spread of antibiotic resistance among INA bacteria. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02521-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivia Khosasih
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.,Present Address: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 115
| | - Niko Prasetyo
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Edi Sudianto
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, 701
| | - Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
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Kobziar LN, Vuono D, Moore R, Christner BC, Dean T, Betancourt D, Watts AC, Aurell J, Gullett B. Wildland fire smoke alters the composition, diversity, and potential atmospheric function of microbial life in the aerobiome. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:8. [PMID: 37938277 PMCID: PMC9723787 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The atmosphere contains a diverse reservoir of microbes but the sources and factors contributing to microbial aerosol variability are not well constrained. To advance understanding of microbial emissions in wildfire smoke, we used unmanned aircraft systems to analyze the aerosols above high-intensity forest fires in the western United States. Our results show that samples of the smoke contained ~four-fold higher concentrations of cells (1.02 ± 0.26 × 105 m-3) compared to background air, with 78% of microbes in smoke inferred to be viable. Fivefold higher taxon richness and ~threefold enrichment of ice nucleating particle concentrations in smoke implies that wildfires are an important source of diverse bacteria and fungi as well as meteorologically relevant aerosols. We estimate that such fires emit 3.71 × 1014 microbial cells ha-1 under typical wildfire conditions in western US forests and demonstrate that wildland biomass combustion has a large-scale influence on the local atmospheric microbial assemblages. Given the long-range transport of wildfire smoke emissions, these results expand the concept of a wildfire's perimeter of biological impact and have implications to biogeography, gene flow, the dispersal of plant, animal, and human pathogens, and meteorology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda N Kobziar
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho, Coeur d'Alene, ID, 83814, USA.
| | - David Vuono
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Rachel Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Brent C Christner
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Timothy Dean
- U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Doris Betancourt
- U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Adam C Watts
- Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Seattle, WA, 98103, USA
| | - Johanna Aurell
- University of Dayton Research Institute, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Brian Gullett
- U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
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Huang S, Hu W, Chen J, Wu Z, Zhang D, Fu P. Overview of biological ice nucleating particles in the atmosphere. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106197. [PMID: 33271442 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological particles in the Earth's atmosphere are a distinctive category of ice nucleating particles (INPs) due to their capability of facilitating ice crystal formation in clouds at relatively warm temperatures. Field observations and model simulations have shown that biological INPs affect cloud and precipitation formation and regulate regional or even global climate, although there are considerable uncertainties in modeling and large gaps between observed and model simulated contribution of biological particles to atmospheric INPs. This paper overviews the latest researches about biological INPs in the atmosphere. Firstly, we describe the primary ice nucleation mechanisms, and measurements and model simulations of atmospheric biological INPs. Secondly, we summarize the ice nucleating properties of biological INPs from diverse sources such as soils or dust, vegetation (e.g., leaves and pollen grains), sea spray, and fresh waters, and controlling factors of biological INPs in the atmosphere. Then we review the abundance and distribution of atmospheric biological INPs in diverse ecosystems. Finally, we discuss the open questions in further studies on atmospheric biological INPs, including the requirements for developing novel detection techniques and simulation models, as well as the comprehensive investigation of characteristics and influencing factors of atmospheric biological INPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Huang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Wildland fire as an atmospheric source of viable microbial aerosols and biological ice nucleating particles. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:461-472. [PMID: 33009511 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The environmental sources of microbial aerosols and processes by which they are emitted into the atmosphere are not well characterized. In this study we analyzed microbial cells and biological ice nucleating particles (INPs) in smoke emitted from eight prescribed wildland fires in North Florida. When compared to air sampled prior to ignition, samples of the air-smoke mixtures contained fivefold higher concentrations of microbial cells (6.7 ± 1.3 × 104 cells m-3) and biological INPs (2.4 ± 0.91 × 103 INPs m-3 active at temperatures ≥ -15 °C), and these data significantly positively correlated with PM10. Various bacteria could be cultured from the smoke samples, and the nearest neighbors of many of the isolates are plant epi- and endophytes, suggesting vegetation was a source. Controlled laboratory combustion experiments indicated that smoke emitted from dead vegetation contained significantly higher numbers of cells, INPs, and culturable bacteria relative to the green shrubs tested. Microbial viability of smoke aerosols based on formazan production and epifluorescent microscopy revealed no significant difference in the viable fraction (~80%) when compared to samples of ambient air. From these data, we estimate each fire aerosolized an average of 7 ± 4 × 109 cells and 2 ± 1 × 108 biological INPs per m2 burned and conclude that emissions from wildland fire are sources of viable microbial aerosols to the atmosphere.
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Scavenging of Sub-Micron to Micron-Sized Microbial Aerosols during Simulated Rainfall. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The processes removing aerosols from the atmosphere during rainfall are generically referred to as scavenging. Scavenging influences aerosol distributions in the atmosphere, with consequent effects on cloud properties, radiative forcing, and human health. In this study, we investigated the below-cloud scavenging process, specifically focusing on the scavenging of 0.2 to 2 µm-sized microbial aerosols by populations of water drops with average diameters of 3.0 and 3.6 mm. Rainfall was simulated in convective boundary layer air masses by dispensing the water drops from a 55 m bridge and collecting them at ground level. Particles and microbial cells scavenged by the water drops were visualized, enumerated, and sized using scanning electron and epifluorescence microscopy. Aerosolized particles and DNA-containing microbial cells of 2 µm diameter were scavenged at efficiencies similar to those reported previously in empirical studies; however, the efficiencies derived for smaller aerosols were significantly higher (one to three orders of magnitude) than those predicted by microphysical modeling. Application of the derived scavenging efficiencies to cell data from rainfall implies that, on average, approximately 50 to 70% of the 1 µm microbial cells in the precipitation originated from within the cloud. Further study of submicron to micron-sized aerosol scavenging over a broader raindrop size distribution would improve fundamental understanding of the scavenging process and the capacity to estimate (bio)aerosol abundances in the source cloud through analysis of rainfall.
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