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Sivaprakasam N, Vaithiyanathan S, Gandhi K, Narayanan S, Kavitha PS, Rajasekaran R, Muthurajan R. Metagenomics approaches in unveiling the dynamics of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPM) vis-à-vis Phytophthora sp. suppression in various crop ecological systems. Res Microbiol 2024:104217. [PMID: 38857835 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2024.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Phytophthora species are destructive pathogens causing yield losses in different ecological systems, such as potato, black pepper, pepper, avocado, citrus, and tobacco. The diversity of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) plays a crucial role in disease suppression. Knowledge of metagenomics approaches is essential for assessing the dynamics of PGPM and Phytophthora species across various ecosystems, facilitating effective management strategies for better crop protection. This review discusses the dynamic interplay between PGPM and Phytophthora sp. using metagenomics approaches that sheds light on the potential of PGPM strains tailored to specific crop ecosystems to bolster pathogen suppressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navarasu Sivaprakasam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Karthikeyan Gandhi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swarnakumari Narayanan
- Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P S Kavitha
- School of Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghu Rajasekaran
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chu X, Yin Z, Yue P, Wang X, Yang Y, Sun J, Kong Z, Ren J, Liu X, Lu C, Zhao H, Li Y, Ding X. A novel method for extraction of high purity and high production Phytophthora sojae oospores. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:70. [PMID: 38755668 PMCID: PMC11097473 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora sojae, a soil-borne oomycete pathogen, has been a yield limiting factor for more than 60 years on soybean. The resurgence of P. sojae (Phytophthora sojae) is primarily ascribed to the durable oospores found in soil and remnants of the disease. P. sojae is capable of infesting at any growth periods of the soybean, and the succeed infestation of P. sojae is predominantly attributed to long-lived oospores present in soil. Comprehending the molecular mechanisms that drive oospores formation and their significance in infestation is the key for effective management of the disease. However, the existing challenges in isolating and extracting significant quantities of oospores pose limitations in investigating the sexual reproductive stages of P. sojae. RESULTS The study focused on optimizing and refining the culture conditions and extraction process of P. sojae, resulting in establishment of an efficient and the dependable method for extraction. Novel optimized approach was yielded greater quantities of high-purity P. sojae oospores than traditional methods. The novel approach exceeds the traditional approaches with respect to viability, survival ability, germination rates of new oospores and the pathogenicity of oospores in potting experiments. CONCLUSION The proposed method for extracting P. sojae oospores efficiently yielded a substantial quantity of highly pure, viable, and pathogenic oospores. The enhancements in oospores extraction techniques will promote the research on the sexual reproductive mechanisms of P. sojae and lead to the creation of innovative and effective approaches for managing oomycete diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Chu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Pengjie Yue
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ziying Kong
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jian Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Xinhua Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Jiao W, Wen J, Li N, Ou T, Qiu C, Ji Y, Lin K, Liu X, Xie J. The biocontrol potentials of rhizospheric bacterium Bacillus velezensis K0T24 against mulberry bacterial wilt disease. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:213. [PMID: 38616201 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Mulberry bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, is a devastating soil-borne disease in the silk-mulberry-related industry. In this study, through high-throughput sequencing, we compared the rhizosphere bacterial composition of the mulberry-resistant cultivar (K10) and susceptible cultivar (G12), confirming Bacillus as a genus-level biomarker for K10. Next, twelve Bacillus spp. isolates, derived from the rhizosphere of K10, were screened for their antagonistic activity against R. pseudosolanacearum. The isolate showing strong antagonism was identified as B. velezensis K0T24 and selected for further analysis. The fermentation supernatant of B. velezensis K0T24 significantly inhibited the growth of R. pseudosolanacearum (82.47%) and the expression of its pathogenic genes. Using B. velezensis K0T24 in mulberry seedlings also increased defense enzyme activities and achieved a control efficacy of up to 55.17% against mulberry bacterial wilt disease. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the potential of B. velezensis K0T24 in suppressing mulberry bacterial wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ju Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ting Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changyu Qiu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericultural Genetic Improvement and Efficient Breeding, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sericultural Technology Promotion Station, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530007, China
| | - Yutong Ji
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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González-León Y, De la Vega-Camarillo E, Ramírez-Vargas R, Anducho-Reyes MA, Mercado-Flores Y. Whole genome analysis of Bacillus velezensis 160, biological control agent of corn head smut. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0326423. [PMID: 38363138 PMCID: PMC10986511 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03264-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn head smut is a disease caused by the fungus Sporisorium reilianum. This phytosanitary problem has existed for several decades in the Mezquital Valley, an important corn-producing area in central Mexico. To combat the problem, a strain identified as Bacillus subtilis 160 was applied in the field, where it decreased disease incidence and increased crop productivity. In this study, the sequencing and analysis of the whole genome sequence of this strain were carried out to identify its genetic determinants for the production of antimicrobials. The B. subtilis 160 strain was found to be Bacillus velezensis. Its genome has a size of 4,297,348 bp, a GC content of 45.8%, and 4,174 coding sequences. Comparative analysis with the genomes of four other B. velezensis strains showed that they share 2,804 genes and clusters for the production of difficidin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, macrolantin, bacillaene, fengycin, butirosin A, locillomycin, and surfactin. For the latter metabolite, unlike the other strains that have only one cluster, B. velezensis 160 has three. A cluster for synthesizing laterocidine, an antimicrobial reported only in Brevibacillus laterosporus, was also identified. IMPORTANCE In this study, we performed sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of the strain initially identified as Bacillus subtilis 160 as part of its characterization. This bacterium has shown its ability to control corn head smut in the field, a disease caused by the basidiomycete fungus Sporisorium reilianum. Analyzing the complete genome sequence not only provides a more precise taxonomic identification but also sheds light on the genetic potential of this bacterium, especially regarding mechanisms that allow it to exert biological control. Employing molecular and bioinformatics tools in studying the genomes of agriculturally significant microorganisms offers insights into the development of biofungicides and bioinoculants. These innovations aim to enhance plant growth and pave the way for strategies that boost crop productivity.
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Yao Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Chen T, Xie J, Chang H, Fu Y, Cheng J, Li B, Yu X, Lyu X, Feng Y, Bian X, Jiang D. The Dynamic Changes of Brassica napus Seed Microbiota across the Entire Seed Life in the Field. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:912. [PMID: 38592934 PMCID: PMC10975644 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The seed microbiota is an important component given by nature to plants, protecting seeds from damage by other organisms and abiotic stress. However, little is known about the dynamic changes and potential functions of the seed microbiota during seed development. In this study, we investigated the composition and potential functions of the seed microbiota of rapeseed (Brassica napus). A total of 2496 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to 504 genera in 25 phyla were identified, and the seed microbiota of all sampling stages were divided into three groups. The microbiota of flower buds, young pods, and seeds at 20 days after flowering (daf) formed the first group; that of seeds at 30 daf, 40 daf and 50 daf formed the second group; that of mature seeds and parental seeds were clustered into the third group. The functions of seed microbiota were identified by using PICRUSt2, and it was found that the substance metabolism of seed microbiota was correlated with those of the seeds. Finally, sixty-one core ASVs, including several potential human pathogens, were identified, and a member of the seed core microbiota, Sphingomonas endophytica, was isolated from seeds and found to promote seedling growth and enhance resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a major pathogen in rapeseed. Our findings provide a novel perspective for understanding the composition and functions of microbiota during seed development and may enhance the efficiency of mining beneficial seed microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yang Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haibin Chang
- Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Science, Huanggang 438000, China;
| | - Yanping Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xueliang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanbo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuefeng Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (B.L.); (X.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (X.B.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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Yousfi S, Krier F, Deracinois B, Steels S, Coutte F, Frikha-Gargouri O. Characterization of Bacillus velezensis 32a metabolites and their synergistic bioactivity against crown gall disease. Microbiol Res 2024; 280:127569. [PMID: 38103466 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is considered to be the main bacterial threat of stone fruit plants in Mediterranean countries. In a previous study, Bacillus velezensis strain 32a was isolated from Tunisian rhizosphere soil and revealed high antagonistic potential against A. tumefaciens strains. In order to better characterize the antagonistic activity of this strain against this important plant pathogen, the production of secondary metabolites was analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results revealed the production of different compounds identified as surfactins, fengycins, iturins and bacillibactin belonging to the lipopeptide group, three polyketides (macrolactins, oxydifficidin and bacillaenes), bacilysin and its chlorinated derivative; chlorotetaine. The involvement of lipopeptides in this antagonistic activity was ruled out by performing agar and broth dilution tests with pure molecules. Thus, the construction of B. velezensis 32a mutants defective in polyketides and bacilysin biosynthesis and their antagonistic activity was performed and compared to a set of derivative mutants of a comparable strain, B. velezensis GA1. The defective difficidin mutants (△dfnA and △dfnD) were unable to inhibit the growth of A. tumefaciens, indicating the high-level contribution of difficidin in the antagonism process. While the macrolactin deficient mutant (∆mlnA) slightly decreased the activity, suggesting a synergetic effect with difficidin. Remarkably, the mutant △dhbC only deficient in bacillibactin production showed significant reduction in its capacity to inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium.Taken collectively, our results showed the strong synergetic effect of difficidin and macrolactins and the significant implication of siderophore to manage crown gall disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Yousfi
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Equipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Krier
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Equipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Barbara Deracinois
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Equipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Steels
- Université de Liège, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, équipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - François Coutte
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Equipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Olfa Frikha-Gargouri
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Cai H, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Yan Y, Yin K, Cheng G, Li Y, Chen G, Zou L, Tu M. A New Biocontrol Agent Bacillus velezensis SF334 against Rubber Tree Fungal Leaf Anthracnose and Its Genome Analysis of Versatile Plant Probiotic Traits. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:158. [PMID: 38392830 PMCID: PMC10890420 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber is an important national strategic and industrial raw material. The leaf anthracnose of rubber trees caused by the Colletotrichum species is one of the important factors restricting the yields of natural rubber. In this study, we isolated and identified strain Bacillus velezensis SF334, which exhibited significant antagonistic activity against both C. australisinense and C. siamense, the dominant species of Colletotrichum causing rubber tree leaf anthracnose in the Hainan province of China, from a pool of 223 bacterial strains. The cell suspensions of SF334 had a significant prevention effect for the leaf anthracnose of rubber trees, with an efficacy of 79.67% against C. siamense and 71.8% against C. australisinense. We demonstrated that SF334 can lead to the lysis of C. australisinense and C. siamense mycelia by causing mycelial expansion, resulting in mycelial rupture and subsequent death. B. velezensis SF334 also harbors some plant probiotic traits, such as secreting siderophore, protease, cellulase, pectinase, and the auxin of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and it has broad-spectrum antifungal activity against some important plant pathogenic fungi. The genome combined with comparative genomic analyses indicated that SF334 possesses most genes of the central metabolic and gene clusters of secondary metabolites in B. velezensis strains. To our knowledge, this is the first time a Bacillus velezensis strain has been reported as a promising biocontrol agent against the leaf anthracnose of rubber trees caused by C. siamense and C. australisinense. The results suggest that B. velezensis could be a potential candidate agent for the leaf anthracnose of rubber trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyuan Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yikun Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haibin Cai
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yichao Yan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ke Yin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yinsheng Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gongyou Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Tu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572020, China
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Li Y, Chen S, Yu Z, Yao J, Jia Y, Liao C, Chen J, Wei Y, Guo R, He L, Ding K. A Novel Bacillus Velezensis for Efficient Degradation of Zearalenone. Foods 2024; 13:530. [PMID: 38397507 PMCID: PMC10888444 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is considered one of the most serious mycotoxins contaminating grains and their by-products, causing significant economic losses in the feed and food industries. Biodegradation pathways are currently considered the most efficient solution to remove ZEN contamination from foods. However, low degradation rates and vulnerability to environmental impacts limit the application of biodegradation pathways. Therefore, the main research objective of this article was to screen strains that can efficiently degrade ZEN and survive under harsh conditions. This study successfully isolated a new strain L9 which can efficiently degrade ZEN from 108 food ingredients. The results of sequence alignment showed that L9 is Bacillus velezensis. Meanwhile, we found that the L9 degradation rate reached 91.14% at 24 h and confirmed that the primary degradation mechanism of this strain is biodegradation. The strain exhibits resistance to high temperature, acid, and 0.3% bile salts. The results of whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that, it is possible that the strain encodes the key enzyme, such as chitinase, carboxylesterases, and lactone hydrolase, that work together to degrade ZEN. In addition, 227 unique genes in this strain are primarily involved in its replication, recombination, repair, and protective mechanisms. In summary, we successfully excavated a ZEN-degrading, genetically distinct strain of Bacillus velezensis that provides a solid foundation for the detoxification of feed and food contamination in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Songbiao Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zuhua Yu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chengshui Liao
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Rongxian Guo
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Lei He
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (Z.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.J.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (R.G.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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9
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Nihorimbere G, Korangi Alleluya V, Nimbeshaho F, Nihorimbere V, Legrève A, Ongena M. Bacillus-based biocontrol beyond chemical control in central Africa: the challenge of turning myth into reality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1349357. [PMID: 38379944 PMCID: PMC10877027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1349357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural productivity in the Great Lakes Countries of Central Africa, including Burundi, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, is affected by a wide range of diseases and pests which are mainly controlled by chemical pesticides. However, more than 30% of the pesticides used in the region are banned in European Union due to their high toxicity. Globally available safe and eco-friendly biological alternatives to chemicals are virtually non-existent in the region. Bacillus PGPR-based biocontrol products are the most dominant in the market and have proven their efficacy in controlling major plant diseases reported in the region. With this review, we present the current situation of disease and pest management and urge the need to utilize Bacillus-based control as a possible sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. A repertoire of strains from the Bacillus subtilis group that have shown great potential to antagonize local pathogens is provided, and efforts to promote their use, as well as the search for indigenous and more adapted Bacillus strains to local agro-ecological conditions, should be undertaken to make sustainable agriculture a reality in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard Nihorimbere
- Phytopathology- Applied Microbiology, Earth, and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
- Unité de défense des végétaux, Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Virginie Korangi Alleluya
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Chemical and Agricultural Industries, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - François Nimbeshaho
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Nutrition-Phytochimie, d’Ecologie et d’Environnement Appliquée, Centre Universitaire de Recherche et de Pédagogie Appliquées aux Sciences, Institut de Pédagogie Appliquée, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Venant Nihorimbere
- Département des Sciences et Technologie des Aliments, Faculté de Bio-Ingénierie, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Anne Legrève
- Phytopathology- Applied Microbiology, Earth, and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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10
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Yang Y, Chen R, Rahman MU, Wei C, Fan B. The sprT Gene of Bacillus velezensis FZB42 Is Involved in Biofilm Formation and Bacilysin Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16815. [PMID: 38069139 PMCID: PMC10706128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis FZB42, a representative strain of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), can form robust biofilm and produce multiple antibiotics against a wild range of phytopathogens. In this study, we observed different biofilm morphology of the mutant Y4, derived from a TnYLB-1 transposon insertion library of B. velezensis FZB42. We identified that the transposon was inserted into the sprT gene in Y4. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that the SprT protein is an unstable hydrophilic protein located in the cytoplasm. It is highly conserved in Bacillus species and predicted to function as a metalloprotease by binding zinc ions. We also demonstrated that ΔsprT significantly reduced the swarming ability of FZB42 by ~5-fold and sporulation capacity by ~25-fold. In addition, the antagonistic experiments showed that, compared to the wild type, the ΔsprT strain exhibited significantly reduced inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-9144 and Phytophthora sojae, indicating that the inactivation of sprT led to decreased production of the antibiotic bacilysin. The HPLC-MS analysis confirmed that bacilysin was indeed decreased in the ΔsprT strain, and qPCR analysis revealed that ΔsprT down-regulated the expression of the genes for bacilysin biosynthesis. Our results suggest that the sprT gene plays a regulatory role in multiple characteristics of B. velezensis FZB42, including biofilm formation, swarming, sporulation, and antibiotic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (R.C.); (M.U.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Ruofu Chen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (R.C.); (M.U.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Mati Ur Rahman
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (R.C.); (M.U.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Chunyue Wei
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (R.C.); (M.U.R.); (C.W.)
| | - Ben Fan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (R.C.); (M.U.R.); (C.W.)
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11
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Liu N, Sun H, Tang Z, Zheng Y, Qi G, Zhao X. Transcription Factor Spo0A Regulates the Biosynthesis of Difficidin in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0104423. [PMID: 37432122 PMCID: PMC10434259 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01044-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WH1 produces multiple antibiotics with antimicrobial activity and can control bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Antibacterial substances produced by WH1 and the regulation mechanism are unknown. In this study, it was found that difficidin, and to a minor extent bacillibactin, exhibited antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum. Lipopeptides, macrolactin, bacillaene, and bacilysin had no antibacterial activity. Ferric iron uptake transcriptional regulator Fur bound the promoter region of the dhb gene cluster of bacillibactin biosynthesis. Mutant Δfur showed a higher bacillibactin production and its antibacterial activity increased by 27% than wild-type WH1. Difficidin inhibited R. solanacearum growth and disrupted the integrity of the cells. Lack of transcription factor Spo0A abolished difficidin biosynthesis. Spo0A bound the promoter region of the dfn gene cluster of difficidin biosynthesis. Changing phosphorylation levels of Spo0A via deletion of phosphatase gene spo0E and histidine kinases genes kinA and kinD affected the biosynthesis of difficidin. Deletion of spo0E increased the phosphorylation level of Spo0A and consequently improved the difficidin production. The antibacterial activity of mutant Δspo0E and ΔkinA increased by 12% and 19%. The antibacterial activity of mutant ΔkinD decreased by 28%. Collectively, WH1 produced difficidin to disrupt the cell of R. solanacearum and secreted siderophore bacillibactin to compete for ferric iron. Spo0A regulated difficidin biosynthesis. Spo0A regulates quorum-sensing responses and controls the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in B. amyloliquefaciens. This study has important findings in the regulation mechanism of antibiotic synthesis and helps to improve antibiotic yield in Bacillus. IMPORTANCE Pathogen R. solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease in many crops. There is no chemical bactericide that can control bacterial wilt disease. It is vital to find antagonistic microorganisms and antibacterial substances that can efficiently control bacterial wilt disease. B. amyloliquefaciens WH1 could inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum. Via genetic mutation, it was found that difficidin and to a minor extent bacillibactin produced by WH1 acted efficiently against R. solanacearum. The transcription factor Spo0A regulated the synthesis of difficidin. Phosphorylation of Spo0A affected the production of difficidin. Increasing the phosphorylation level of Spo0A improved the difficidin production and antibacterial activity. In-depth analysis of the regulation mechanism of antibiotic difficidin is meaningful for enhancing the control efficiency of WH1. B. amyloliquefaciens WH1 and the antibacterial substances have vast application potential in controlling bacterial wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huiwan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhengyu Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuqing Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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12
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Xue J, Sun L, Xu H, Gu Y, Lei P. Bacillus atrophaeus NX-12 Utilizes Exosmotic Glycerol from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum for Fengycin Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37410693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus strains are widely used as biological control agents to protect plants from fungal pathogens. However, whether Bacillus can exploit fungal pathogens to increase its biocontrol efficacy remains largely unexplored. Here, Bacillus atrophaeus NX-12 showed a high inhibition efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC). The primary extracellular antifungal component of B. atrophaeus NX-12 was identified as fengycin by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis. NX-12-secreted fengycin not only inhibited the germination of FOC spores but also induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FOC cells, leading to oxidative stress and the accumulation of glycerol. Additionally, NX-12-secreted fengycin increased FOC cell wall hydrolase activity, leading to cell splitting and the exosmose of accumulated glycerol. The increased exosmose of glycerol further promoted the production of fengycin. Our results showed that in addition to the direct inhibition of FOC, NX-12 can indirectly strengthen its antagonistic efficacy against the pathogen by exploiting the exosmotic glycerol from FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Salazar B, Ortiz A, Keswani C, Minkina T, Mandzhieva S, Pratap Singh S, Rekadwad B, Borriss R, Jain A, Singh HB, Sansinenea E. Bacillus spp. as Bio-factories for Antifungal Secondary Metabolites: Innovation Beyond Whole Organism Formulations. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1-24. [PMID: 35604432 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several fungi act as parasites for crops causing huge annual crop losses at both pre- and post-harvest stages. For years, chemical fungicides were the solution; however, their wide use has caused environmental contamination and human health problems. For this reason, the use of biofungicides has been in practice as a green solution against fungal phytopathogens. In the context of a more sustainable agriculture, microbial biofungicides have the largest share among the commercial biocontrol products that are available in the market. Precisely, the genus Bacillus has been largely studied for the management of plant pathogenic fungi because they offer a chemically diverse arsenal of antifungal secondary metabolites, which have spawned a heightened industrial engrossment of it as a biopesticide. In this sense, it is indispensable to know the wide arsenal that Bacillus genus has to apply these products for sustainable agriculture. Having this idea in our minds, in this review, secondary metabolites from Bacillus having antifungal activity are chemically and structurally described giving details of their action against several phytopathogens. Knowing the current status of Bacillus secreted antifungals is the base for the goal to apply these in agriculture and it is addressed in depth in the second part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Salazar
- Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, 72590, Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Aurelio Ortiz
- Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, 72590, Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Satyendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Bhagwan Rekadwad
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institut Für Agrar- Und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Phytomedizin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Lentze-Allee 55-57, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Akansha Jain
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, CIT Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, India
| | - Harikesh B Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Estibaliz Sansinenea
- Facultad De Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma De Puebla, 72590, Puebla, Pue, México.
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14
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Thanh Tam LT, Jähne J, Luong PT, Phuong Thao LT, Nhat LM, Blumenscheit C, Schneider A, Blom J, Kim Chung LT, Anh Minh PL, Thanh HM, Hoat TX, Hoat PC, Son TC, Weinmann M, Herfort S, Vater J, Van Liem N, Schweder T, Lasch P, Borriss R. Two plant-associated Bacillus velezensis strains selected after genome analysis, metabolite profiling, and with proved biocontrol potential, were enhancing harvest yield of coffee and black pepper in large field trials. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1194887. [PMID: 37426979 PMCID: PMC10327441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of chemically synthesized pesticides, such as fungicides and nematicides, in agricultural products is a key to successful practice of the Vietnamese agriculture. We describe here the route for developing successful biostimulants based on members of the Bacillus subtilis species complex. A number of endospore-forming Gram-positive bacterial strains with antagonistic action against plant pathogens were isolated from Vietnamese crop plants. Based on their draft genome sequence, thirty of them were assigned to the Bacillus subtilis species complex. Most of them were assigned to the species Bacillus velezensis. Whole genome sequencing of strains BT2.4 and BP1.2A corroborated their close relatedness to B. velezensis FZB42, the model strain for Gram-positive plant growth-promoting bacteria. Genome mining revealed that at least 15 natural product biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs) are well conserved in all B. velezensis strains. In total, 36 different BGCs were identified in the genomes of the strains representing B. velezensis, B. subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis, and Bacillus. altitudinis. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated the potential of the B. velezensis strains to enhance plant growth and to suppress phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes. Due to their promising potential to stimulate plant growth and to support plant health, the B. velezensis strains TL7 and S1 were selected as starting material for the development of novel biostimulants, and biocontrol agents efficient in protecting the important Vietnamese crop plants black pepper and coffee against phytopathogens. The results of the large-scale field trials performed in the Central Highlands in Vietnam corroborated that TL7 and S1 are efficient in stimulating plant growth and protecting plant health in large-scale applications. It was shown that treatment with both bioformulations resulted in prevention of the pathogenic pressure exerted by nematodes, fungi, and oomycetes, and increased harvest yield in coffee, and pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Thanh Tam
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Jennifer Jähne
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pham Thi Luong
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Phuong Thao
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Le Mai Nhat
- Science and International Co-operation Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Christian Blumenscheit
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy Schneider
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Le Thi Kim Chung
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Le Anh Minh
- Department of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Minh Thanh
- Division of Pathology and Phyto-Immunology, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Xuan Hoat
- Science and International Co-operation Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Cong Hoat
- Department of Science and Technology for Economic Technical Branches, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Cao Son
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology and Allergens, National Institute for Food Control (NIFC), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Markus Weinmann
- Ernährungsphysiologie Der Kulturpflanzen, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herfort
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Vater
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nguyen Van Liem
- Science and International Co-operation Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. (IMaB), Greifswald, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Lasch
- Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit (ZBS6), Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. (IMaB), Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Rabbee MF, Baek KH. Detection of Antagonistic Compounds Synthesized by Bacillus velezensis against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri by Metabolome and RNA Sequencing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1523. [PMID: 37375024 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological control of plant diseases has gained attraction for controlling various bacterial diseases at a field trial stage. An isolated endophytic bacterium, Bacillus velezensis 25 (Bv-25), from Citrus species had strong antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), which causes citrus canker disease. When Bv-25 was incubated in Landy broth or yeast nutrient broth (YNB), the ethyl acetate extract of Landy broth exhibited higher levels of antagonistic activity against Xcc compared to that of YNB. Therefore, the antimicrobial compounds in the two ethyl acetate extracts were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This comparison revealed an increase in production of several antimicrobial compounds, including difficidin, surfactin, fengycin, and Iturin-A or bacillomycin-D by incubation in Landy broth. RNA sequencing for the Bv-25 grown in Landy broth were performed, and the differential expressions were detected for the genes encoding the enzymes for the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, such as bacilysin, plipastatin or fengycin, surfactin, and mycosubtilin. Combination of metabolomics analysis and RNA sequencing strongly suggests that several antagonistic compounds, especially bacilysin produced by B. velezensis, exhibit an antagonistic effect against Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fazle Rabbee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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16
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Zhou Q, Tu M, Fu X, Chen Y, Wang M, Fang Y, Yan Y, Cheng G, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Yin K, Xiao Y, Zou L, Chen G. Antagonistic transcriptome profile reveals potential mechanisms of action on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola by the cell-free supernatants of Bacillus velezensis 504, a versatile plant probiotic bacterium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1175446. [PMID: 37325518 PMCID: PMC10265122 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1175446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of rice is a severe disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) that has gradually become the fourth major disease on rice in some rice-growing regions in southern China. Previously, we isolated a Bacillus velezensis strain 504 that exhibited apparent antagonistic activity against the Xoc wild-type strain RS105, and found that B. velezensis 504 was a potential biocontrol agent for BLS. However, the underlying mechanisms of antagonism and biocontrol are not completely understood. Here we mine the genomic data of B. velezensis 504, and the comparative transcriptomic data of Xoc RS105 treated by the cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of B. velezensis 504 to define differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We show that B. velezensis 504 shares over 89% conserved genes with FZB42 and SQR9, two representative model strains of B. velezensis, but 504 is more closely related to FZB42 than SQR9, as well as B. velezensis 504 possesses the secondary metabolite gene clusters encoding the essential anti-Xoc agents difficidin and bacilysin. We conclude that approximately 77% of Xoc RS105 coding sequences are differentially expressed by the CFSs of B. velezensis 504, which significantly downregulates genes involved in signal transduction, oxidative phosphorylation, transmembrane transport, cell motility, cell division, DNA translation, and five physiological metabolisms, as well as depresses an additional set of virulence-associated genes encoding the type III secretion, type II secretion system, type VI secretion system, type IV pilus, lipopolysaccharides and exopolysaccharides. We also show that B. velezensis 504 is a potential biocontrol agent for bacterial blight of rice exhibiting relative control efficiencies over 70% on two susceptible cultivars, and can efficiently antagonize against some important plant pathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum siamense and C. australisinense that are thought to be the two dominant pathogenic species causing leaf anthracnose of rubber tree in Hainan province of China. B. velezensis 504 also harbors some characteristics of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium such as secreting protease and siderophore, and stimulating plant growth. This study reveals the potential biocontrol mechanisms of B. velezensis against BLS, and also suggests that B. velezensis 504 is a versatile plant probiotic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tu
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xue Fu
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muyuan Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Yan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikun Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youlun Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gongyou Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Su Z, Liu G, Liu X, Li S, Lu X, Wang P, Zhao W, Zhang X, Dong L, Qu Y, Zhang J, Mo S, Guo Q, Ma P. Functional Analyses of the Bacillus velezensis HMB26553 Genome Provide Evidence That Its Genes Are Potentially Related to the Promotion of Plant Growth and Prevention of Cotton Rhizoctonia Damping-Off. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091301. [PMID: 37174701 PMCID: PMC10177454 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus spp. is one kind of the important representative biocontrol agents against plant diseases and promoting plant growth. In this study, the whole genomic sequence of bacterial strain HMB26553 was obtained. A phylogenetic tree based on the genome and ANI (average nucleotide identity), as well as dDDH (digital DNA-DNA hybridization), was constructed, and strain HMB26553 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. Fourteen biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for secondary metabolite were predicted via anti-SMASH, and six secondary metabolites were identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry). When the phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani was treated with B. velezensis HMB26553, the mycelial structure changed, ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulated, and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. Characteristics of strain HMB26553 were predicted and confirmed by genomic information and experiments, such as producing IAA, siderophore, extracellular enzymes and biofilm, as well as moving and promoting cotton growth. All these results suggested the mechanisms by which B. velezensis HMB26553 inhibits pathogen growth and promotes cotton growth, which likely provided the potential biocontrol agent to control cotton Rhizoctonia damping-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhe Su
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Gaoge Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shezeng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiuyun Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Weisong Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Lihong Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yuanhang Qu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shaojing Mo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qinggang Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding 071000, China
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18
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Chen W, Wu Z, He Y. Isolation, purification, and identification of antifungal protein produced by Bacillus subtilis SL-44 and anti-fungal resistance in apple. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62080-62093. [PMID: 36932310 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Apple anthracnose is a fruit fungal disease that is currently recognized as one of the most severe threats to apples worldwide. In this study, antifungal protein from Bacillus subtilis SL-44 was isolated, purified, identified, and applied for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides control. The antagonistic experiment showed that SL-44 had an excellent broad spectrum against plant pathogenic fungi. The optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: initial pH was 7, inoculum volume was 2%, and rotational speed was 180 r/min. The optimized yield of antifungal protein increased by 45.83% compared with that before. The crude protein was isolated and purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow, and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. LC-MS analyzed that antifungal protein was likely to be a novel protein with a molecular weight of 42 kDa. The mechanism revealed that the antifungal protein may disrupt the cell wall structure of C. gloeosporioides and function as its antifungal action. Additionally, antifungal protein significantly alleviated the size of the lesion to more than 70% in the apple infection protection test. In conclusion, antifungal protein has remarkable potential in developing fungicides for the biological control of apple anthracnose. HIGHLIGHTS: 1. B. subtilis SL-44 had broad-spectrum antagonism against plant pathogenic fungi. 2. The optimal fermentation conditions for extracting antifungal protein were optimized. 3. The antifungal protein is a novel protein with a molecular weight of 42 kDa. 4. The mechanism of antifungal protein may disrupt the cell wall structure of C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wumei Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhansheng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhui He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
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19
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Yu C, Chen H, zhu L, Song Y, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Ali Q, Gu Q, Gao X, Borriss R, Dong S, Wu H. Profiling of Antimicrobial Metabolites Synthesized by the Endophytic and Genetically Amenable Biocontrol Strain Bacillus velezensis DMW1. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0003823. [PMID: 36809029 PMCID: PMC10100683 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00038-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Bacillus is one of the most important genera for the biological control of plant diseases that are caused by various phytopathogens. The endophytic Bacillus strain DMW1 was isolated from the inner tissues of potato tubers and exhibited strong biocontrol activity. Based on its whole-genome sequence, DMW1 belongs to the Bacillus velezensis species, and it is similar to the model strain B. velezensis FZB42. 12 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including two unknown function BGCs, were detected in the DMW1 genome. The strain was shown to be genetically amenable, and seven secondary metabolites acting antagonistically against plant pathogens were identified by a combined genetic and chemical approach. Strain DMW1 did significantly improve the growth of tomato and soybean seedlings, and it was able to control the Phytophthora sojae and Ralstonia solanacearum that were present in the plant seedlings. Due to these properties, the endophytic strain DMW1 appears to be a promising candidate for comparative investigations performed together with the Gram-positive model rhizobacterium FZB42, which is only able to colonize the rhizoplane. IMPORTANCE Phytopathogens are responsible for the wide spread of plant diseases as well as for great losses of crop yields. At present, the strategies used to control plant disease, including the development of resistant cultivars and chemical control, may become ineffective due to the adaptive evolution of pathogens. Therefore, the use of beneficial microorganisms to deal with plant diseases attracts great attention. In the present study, a new strain DMW1, belonging to the species B. velezensis, was discovered with outstanding biocontrol properties. It showed plant growth promotion and disease control abilities that are comparable with those of B. velezensis FZB42 under greenhouse conditions. According to a genomic analysis and a bioactive metabolites analysis, genes that are responsible for promoting plant growth were detected, and metabolites with different antagonistic activities were identified. Our data provide a basis for DMW1 to be further developed and applied as a biopesticide, which is similar to the closely related model strain FZB42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Linli zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifan Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Humboldt University Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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20
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Zhang J, Huang X, Hou Y, Xia X, Zhu Z, Huang A, Feng S, Li P, Shi L, Dong P. Isolation and Screening of Antagonistic Endophytes against Phytophthora infestans and Preliminary Exploration on Anti-oomycete Mechanism of Bacillus velezensis 6-5. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:909. [PMID: 36840257 PMCID: PMC9962363 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans, the notorious pathogen of potato late blight, leads to a severe decline in potato yields and even harvest failure. We isolated 201 endophytic isolates from healthy root tissues of potatoes, among which 41 showed strong antagonistic activity against P. infestans. Further, the tolerance to stress and the potential application against potato late blight of these antagonistic isolates were tested. Most of them were extremely tolerant to stresses such as acid-alkali, temperature, UV, salt, and heavy metal stress. However, some antagonistic isolates with excellent stress tolerance might be pathogenic to potatoes. Combining the screening results, a total of 14 endophytes had excellent comprehensive performance in all the tests. In this paper, the endophyte 6-5 was selected among them for the preliminary exploration of the anti-oomycete mechanism. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that 6-5 had a high homology to the corresponding sequence of Bacillus velezensis (99.72%) from the NCBI database. Endophyte 6-5 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of P. infestans, with an inhibition rate of over 90% in vitro assays, and deformed the hyphal phenotype of P. infestans. In addition, endophyte 6-5 could secrete protease and cellulase, and produce antagonistic substances with high thermal stability, which might be helpful to its antagonistic activity against P. infestans. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that 6-5 had the ability to improve the resistance of potato tubers to late blight. In short, our study described the process of isolating and screening endophytes with antagonistic activity against P. infestans from potato roots, and further explored the potential of biocontrol candidate strain 6-5 in potato late blight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaomei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuqin Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiangning Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Airong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shun Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Peihua Li
- College of Agronomy, Xichang University, Xichang 615013, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Pan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China
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21
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Lin L, Yang Z, Tao M, Shen D, Cui C, Wang P, Wang L, Jing M, Qian G, Shao X. Lysobacter enzymogenes prevents Phytophthora infection by inhibiting pathogen growth and eliciting plant immune responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116147. [PMID: 36743479 PMCID: PMC9892905 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Phytophthora pathogen causes enormous damage to important agricultural plants. This group of filamentous pathogens is phylogenetically distant from fungi, making them difficult to control by most chemical fungicides. Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11 (OH11) is a biocontrol bacterium that secretes HSAF (Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor) as a broad-spectrum antifungal weapon. Here, we showed that OH11 could also control a variety of plant Phytophthora diseases caused by three major oomycetes (P. sojae, P. capsici and P. infestans). We provided abundant evidence to prove that OH11 protected host plants from Phytophthora pathogen infection by inhibiting mycelial growth, digesting cysts, suppressing cyst germination, and eliciting plant immune responses. Interestingly, the former two processes required the presence of HSAF, while the latter two did not. This suggested that L. enzymogenes could prevent Phytophthora infection via multiple previously unknown mechanisms. Therefore, this study showed that L. enzymogenes could serve as a promising alternative resource for promoting plant resistance to multiple Phytophthora pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Lin
- College of Plant Protection (State Key Laboratory of Biological interactions and Crop Health; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixiang Yang
- College of Plant Protection (State Key Laboratory of Biological interactions and Crop Health; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Tao
- College of Plant Protection (State Key Laboratory of Biological interactions and Crop Health; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- College of Plant Protection (State Key Laboratory of Biological interactions and Crop Health; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanbin Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial Tobacco Corporation of CNTC, Xi’an, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial Tobacco Corporation of CNTC, Xi’an, China
| | - Limin Wang
- College of Plant Protection (State Key Laboratory of Biological interactions and Crop Health; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- College of Plant Protection (State Key Laboratory of Biological interactions and Crop Health; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoliang Qian
- College of Plant Protection (State Key Laboratory of Biological interactions and Crop Health; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolong Shao
- College of Plant Protection (State Key Laboratory of Biological interactions and Crop Health; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Cortazar-Murillo EM, Méndez-Bravo A, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Garay-Serrano E, Kiel-Martínez AL, Ramírez-Vázquez M, Guevara-Avendaño E, Méndez-Bravo A, Guerrero-Analco JA, Reverchon F. Biocontrol and plant growth promoting traits of two avocado rhizobacteria are orchestrated by the emission of diffusible and volatile compounds. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1152597. [PMID: 37206331 PMCID: PMC10189041 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1152597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tree crop of great social and economic importance. However, the crop productivity is hindered by fast-spreading diseases, which calls for the search of new biocontrol alternatives to mitigate the impact of avocado phytopathogens. Our objectives were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of diffusible and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by two avocado rhizobacteria (Bacillus A8a and HA) against phytopathogens Fusarium solani, Fusarium kuroshium, and Phytophthora cinnamomi, and assess their plant growth promoting effect in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that, in vitro, VOCs emitted by both bacterial strains inhibited mycelial growth of the tested pathogens by at least 20%. Identification of bacterial VOCs by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed a predominance of ketones, alcohols and nitrogenous compounds, previously reported for their antimicrobial activity. Bacterial organic extracts obtained with ethyl acetate significantly reduced mycelial growth of F. solani, F. kuroshium, and P. cinnamomi, the highest inhibition being displayed by those from strain A8a (32, 77, and 100% inhibition, respectively). Tentative identifications carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to accurate mass spectrometry of diffusible metabolites in the bacterial extracts, evidenced the presence of some polyketides such as macrolactins and difficidin, hybrid peptides including bacillaene, and non-ribosomal peptides such as bacilysin, which have also been described in Bacillus spp. for antimicrobial activities. The plant growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid was also identified in the bacterial extracts. In vitro assays showed that VOCs from strain HA and diffusible compounds from strain A8a modified root development and increased fresh weight of A. thaliana. These compounds differentially activated several hormonal signaling pathways involved in development and defense responses in A. thaliana, such as auxin, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA); genetic analyses suggested that developmental stimulation of the root system architecture by strain A8a was mediated by the auxin signaling pathway. Furthermore, both strains were able to enhance plant growth and decreased the symptoms of Fusarium wilt in A. thaliana when soil-inoculated. Collectively, our results evidence the potential of these two rhizobacterial strains and their metabolites as biocontrol agents of avocado pathogens and as biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Méndez-Bravo
- CONACyT – Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Edith Garay-Serrano
- CONACyT – Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Centro Regional del Bajío, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ana L. Kiel-Martínez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ramírez-Vázquez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar Guevara-Avendaño
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Méndez-Bravo
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - José A. Guerrero-Analco
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
- *Correspondence: José A. Guerrero-Analco,
| | - Frédérique Reverchon
- Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Centro Regional del Bajío, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico
- Frédérique Reverchon,
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Li B, Wan J, Sha J, Tian M, Wang M, Zhang X, Sun W, Mao Y, Min J, Qin Y, Liu Y, Wang W, He X. Genomics assisted functional characterization of Bacillus velezensis E as a biocontrol and growth promoting bacterium for lily. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:976918. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.976918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lily (Lilium spp.) is one of the most famous ornamental flowers globally. Lily basal rot (also known as root rot or stem rot) and lily gray mold have seriously affected the yield and quality of lily, resulting in huge economic losses. In this study, bacterial strain E was isolated from a continuous lily cropping field. Strain E displayed high control efficiency against lily basal rot and gray mold, caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea respectively, and promoted the occurrence of scale bulblets. Strain E displayed strong inhibitory effects against several other plant pathogenic fungi and two pathogenic bacteria in dual culture and disc diffusion assays, respectively. Whole genome sequencing revealed that strain E contained a 3,929,247 bp circular chromosome with 4,056 protein-coding genes and an average GC content of 47.32%. Strain E was classified as Bacillus velezensis using genome-based phylogenetic analysis and average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization analyses. A total of 86 genes and 13 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters involved in antifungal and antibacterial activity, plant growth promotion, colonization, nutrient uptake and availability were identified in the genome of strain E. In vitro biochemical assays showed that strain E produced siderophores, proteases, cellulases, biofilms, antifungal and antibacterial substances, and exhibited organic phosphate solubilization and swimming and swarming motility, which were consistent with the results of the genome analysis. Colonization analysis showed that strain E could colonize the root of the lily, but not the leaf. Overall, these results demonstrate that B. velezensis strain E can be used as a potential biofertilizer and biocontrol agent for lily production.
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Identification of Bacillus velezensis SBB and Its Antifungal Effects against Verticillium dahliae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101021. [PMID: 36294586 PMCID: PMC9604920 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional control methods have drawbacks in controlling Verticillium wilt diseases caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.; therefore, an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for disease control must be identified and the mechanisms determined. In this study, a soil-isolated strain SBB was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on 16S rRNA, gyrA, and gyrB gene sequences. In vitro, strain SBB had excellent inhibitory effects on V. dahliae, with the highest inhibition rate of 70.94%. Moreover, strain SBB inhibited production of the conidia of V. dahliae and suppressed the production of microsclerotia and melanin. Through gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer analysis, nine compounds were detected from the volatile organic compounds produced by SBB, among which 2-nonanol, 2-heptanone, 6-methyl-2-heptanone, and 2-nonanone could completely inhibit V. dahliae growth. Strain SBB produced cellulase, amylase, protease, and siderophore. During inhibitory action on V. dahliae, strain SBB showed upregulated expression of genes encoding non-volatile inhibitory metabolites, including difficidin, bacilysin, and bacillaene, at 1.923-, 1.848-, and 1.448-fold higher, respectively. Thus, our study proved that strain SBB had an efficient antagonistic effect on V. dahliae, suggesting strain SBB can be used as a potential biological control agent against Verticillium wilt.
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Zhang XF, Li QY, Wang M, Ma SQ, Zheng YF, Li YQ, Zhao DL, Zhang CS. 2 E,4 E-Decadienoic Acid, a Novel Anti-Oomycete Agent from Coculture of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma asperellum. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0154222. [PMID: 35943267 PMCID: PMC9430527 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01542-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora nicotianae is an oomycete pathogen of global significance threatening many important crops. It is mainly controlled by chemosynthetic fungicides, which endangers ecosystem and human health; thus, there is an urgent need to explore alternatives for these fungicides. In this study, a new anti-oomycete aliphatic compound, 2E,4E-decadienoic acid (DDA), was obtained through coculture of Bacillus subtilis Tpb55 and Trichoderma asperellum HG1. Both in vitro and in vivo tests showed that DDA had a strong inhibitory effect against P. nicotianae. In addition, rhizosphere microbiome analysis showed that DDA reduced the relative abundance of Oomycota in rhizosphere soil. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis revealed that treatment of P. nicotianae with DDA resulted in significant downregulation of antioxidant activity and energy metabolism, including antioxidant enzymes and ATP generation, and upregulation of membrane-destabilizing activity, such as phospholipid synthesis and degradation. The metabolomic analysis results implied that the pathways influenced by DDA were mainly related to carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and the cell membrane. The biophysical tests further indicated that DDA produced oxidative stress on P. nicotianae, inhibited antioxidant enzyme and ATPase activity, and increased cell membrane permeability. Overall, DDA exerts inhibitory activity by acting on multiple targets in P. nicotianae, especially on the cell membrane and mitochondria, and can therefore serve as a novel environment-friendly agent for controlling crop oomycete disease. IMPORTANCE P. nicotianae is an oomycete pathogen that is destructive to crops. Although some oomycete inhibitors have been used during crop production, most are harmful to the ecology and lead to pathogen resistance. Alternatively, medium-chain fatty acids have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity in the medical field in previous studies; however, their potential as biocontrol agents has rarely been evaluated. Our in vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that the medium-chain fatty acid 2E,4E-decadienoic acid (DDA) displayed specific inhibitory activity against oomycetes. Further analysis indicated that DDA may acted on multiple targets in P. nicotianae, especially on the cell membrane and mitochondria. Our findings highlight the potential of DDA in controlling oomycete diseases. In conclusion, these results provide insights regarding the future use of green and environment-friendly anti-oomycete natural products for the prevention and control of crop oomycete diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Fen Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yu Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Qi Ma
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fen Zheng
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qiang Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Lin Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Sheng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Acaricidal Activity and Field Efficacy Analysis of the Potential Biocontrol Agent Bacillus vallismortis NBIF-001 against Spider Mites. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091750. [PMID: 36144351 PMCID: PMC9504962 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, spider mites have caused considerable economic losses to global agriculture. However, currently available management strategies are limited because of the rapid development of resistance. In this study, Bacillus vallismortis NBIF-001 was isolated and evaluated for its acaricidal activity. NBIF-001 exhibited a significant lethal effect on spider mites within 48 h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the culture powders (3.2 × 1010 CFU/g) was 50.2 µg/mL for Tetranychus urticae (red form), 18.0 µg/mL for T. urticae (green form), and 15.7 µg/mL for Panonychus citri (McGregor). Cultivation optimisation experiments showed that when the number of spores increased, fermentation toxicity also increased. Moreover, field experiments demonstrated that NBIF-001 performed well in the biocontrol of P. citri, which showed a similar corrected field efficacy with the chemical control (67.1 ± 7.9% and 71.1 ± 6.4% after 14 days). Genomics analysis showed that NBIF-001 contains 231 factors and seven gene clusters of metabolites that may be involved in its acaricidal activity. Further bioassays of the fermentation supernatants showed that 50× dilution treatments killed 72.5 ± 5.4% of the mites in 48 h, which was similar with those of the broth. Bioassays of the supernatant proteins confirmed that various proteins exhibited acaricidal activity. Five candidate proteins were expressed and purified successfully. The bioassays showed that the small protein BVP8 exhibited significant acaricidal activity with an LC50 of 12.4 μg/mL (T. urticae). Overall, these findings suggest that B. vallismortis NBIF-001 is a potential biocontrol agent for spider mite management.
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Xue J, Tong T, Wang R, Qiu Y, Gu Y, Sun L, Xu H, Lei P. Secretion of poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus atrophaeus NX-12 enhanced its root colonization and biocontrol activity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:972393. [PMID: 35966665 PMCID: PMC9372288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.972393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacilli are used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against phytopathogens and most of them can produce poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) as one of the major extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). However, the role of γ-PGA in plant biocontrol is still unclear. In this study, Bacillus atrophaeus NX-12 (γ-PGA yield: 16.8 g/l) was screened, which formed a strong biofilm and has been proved to be a promising BCA against Cucumber Fusarium wilt. Then, the γ-PGA synthesis gene cluster pgsBCA was knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9n. Interestingly, the antifungal ability of γ-PGA synthetase-deficient strain NX-12Δpgs (γ-PGA yield: 1.65 g/l) was improved in vitro, while the biocontrol ability of NX-12Δpgs was greatly diminished in situ. Data proved that γ-PGA produced by NX-12 contributes to the biofilm formation and rhizosphere colonization, which effectively improved biocontrol capability. Taken together, these findings prove that the mechanism of γ-PGA promotes the colonization of NX-12 and thus assists in controlling plant diseases, which highlight the key role of γ-PGA produced by BCA in biocontrol.
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Liu H, Jiang J, An M, Li B, Xie Y, Xu C, Jiang L, Yan F, Wang Z, Wu Y. Bacillus velezensis SYL-3 suppresses Alternaria alternata and tobacco mosaic virus infecting Nicotiana tabacum by regulating the phyllosphere microbial community. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840318. [PMID: 35966697 PMCID: PMC9366745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of plant diseases is closely associated with the imbalance of plant tissue microecological environment. The regulation of the phyllosphere microbial communities has become a new and alternative approach to the biological control of foliar diseases. In this study, Bacillus velezensis SYL-3 isolated from Luzhou exhibited an effective inhibitory effect against Alternaria alternata and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The analysis of phyllosphere microbiome by PacBio sequencing indicated that SYL-3 treatment significantly altered fungal and bacterial communities on the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum plants and reduced the disease index caused by A. alternata and TMV. Specifically, the abundance of P. seudomo, Sphingomonas, Massilia, and Cladosporium in the SYL-3 treatment group increased by 19.00, 9.49, 3.34, and 12.29%, respectively, while the abundances of Pantoea, Enterobacter, Sampaiozyma, and Rachicladosporium were reduced. Moreover, the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas, was negatively correlated with the disease indexes of A. alternata and TMV. The PICRUSt data also predicted the composition of functional genes, with significant differences being apparent between SYL-3 and the control treatment group. Further functional analysis of the microbiome also showed that SYL-3 may induce host disease resistance by motivating host defense-related pathways. These results collectively indicate that SYL-3 may suppress disease progression caused by A. alternata or TMV by improving the microbial community composition on tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunbo Xie
- Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Fangfang Yan
- Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Panzhihua, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiping Wang,
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Yuanhua Wu,
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Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Pseudomonas aurantiaca ST-TJ4 against Verticillium dahliae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070697. [PMID: 35887453 PMCID: PMC9315757 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens, causing substantial economic losses in agriculture and forestry. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for controlling diseases caused by V. dahliae. In this study, 90 mm in diameter Petri plates were used to test the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by different concentrations of Pseudomonasaurantiaca ST-TJ4 cells suspension on V. dahliae mycelia radial growth and biomass. The mycelial morphology was observed by using scanning electron microscopy. The conidia germination and microsclerotia formation of V. dahliae were evaluated. The VOCs with antifungal activity were collected by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and their components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The VOCs produced by strain ST-TJ4 significantly inhibited the growth of mycelium of V. dahliae. The morphology of the hyphae was rough and wrinkled when exposed to VOCs. The VOCs of strain ST-TJ4 have a significant inhibitory effect on V. dahliae conidia germination and microsclerotia formation. At the same time, the VOCs also reduce the expression of genes related to melanin synthesis in V. dahliae. In particular, the expression of the hydrophobin gene (VDAG-02273) was down-regulated the most, about 67-fold. The VOCs effectively alleviate the severity of cotton root disease. In the volatile profile of strain ST-TJ4, 2-undecanone and 1-nonanol assayed in the range 10–200 µL per plate revealed a significant inhibitory effect on V. dahliae mycelial radial growth. These compounds may be useful to devise new control strategies for control of Verticillium wilt disease caused by V. dahliae.
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Biosynthesis, Molecular Regulation, and Application of Bacilysin Produced by Bacillus Species. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050397. [PMID: 35629901 PMCID: PMC9147277 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites in response to various environmental factors and interspecies competition. This enables them to become superior in a particular environment. Bacilysin, a dipeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus species, is active against a broad range of microorganisms. Because of its simple structure and excellent mode of action, i.e., through the inhibition of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase, it has drawn the attention of researchers. In addition, it acts as a pleiotropic signaling molecule that affects different cellular activities. However, all Bacillus species are not capable of producing bacilysin. The biosynthesis of bacilysin by Bacillus species is not uniform throughout the population; specificity and heterogeneity at both the strain and species levels has been observed. This review discusses how bacilysin is biosynthesized by Bacillus species, the regulators of its biosynthesis, its importance in the host, and the abiotic factors affecting bacilysin production.
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Rabbee MF, Islam N, Baek KH. Biocontrol of citrus bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri by Bacillus velezensis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 29:2363-2371. [PMID: 35531204 PMCID: PMC9072923 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms with biocontrol capabilities against plant pathogens are considered as one of the most promising approaches for healthy crop management. In this study, ethyl acetate extracts of 25 Bacillus strains were investigated for their antagonistic effect on Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), which causes the citrus bacterial canker (CBC) disease. Among them, 21 strains exerted antibacterial activity against wild-type Xcc strains. Based on the strength of the antibacterial activity, nine Bacillus strains were selected for 16S rRNA analysis. 16S rRNA sequence homology revealed that several strains were closely related to B. velezensis, where strains with no antibacterial activity grouped as the soil-associated community of B. amyloliquefaciens. B. velezensis Bv-21 exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against wild type and streptomycin resistant Xcc with inhibition zones of 22.91 ± 0.45 and 20.28 ± 0.53, respectively. Furthermore, B. velezensis Bv-21 strain was tested for biocontrol activity against a streptomycin-resistant XccM4 in detached susceptible citrus leaves. The strain reduced the incidence of CBC by 26.30% and pathogen density of XccM4 by 81.68% over control. The results of the study strongly suggest that B. velezensis can be used as an effective and eco-friendly biocontrol agent either by itself or as an active compound, against both, the wild-type and streptomycin-resistant Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fazle Rabbee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Nurul Islam
- Soil Resource Development Institute, Regional Office, Rajshahi 6000, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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