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Jurischka S, Bida A, Dohmen-Olma D, Kleine B, Potzkei J, Binder S, Schaumann G, Bakkes PJ, Freudl R. A secretion biosensor for monitoring Sec-dependent protein export in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:11. [PMID: 31964372 PMCID: PMC6975037 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the industrial workhorse Corynebacterium glutamicum has gained increasing interest as a host organism for the secretory production of heterologous proteins. Generally, the yield of a target protein in the culture supernatant depends on a multitude of interdependent biological and bioprocess parameters which have to be optimized. So far, the monitoring of such optimization processes depends on the availability of a direct assay for the respective target protein that can be handled also in high throughput approaches. Since simple assays, such as standard enzymatic activity assays, are not always at hand, the availability of a general protein secretion biosensor is highly desirable. RESULTS High level secretion of proteins via the Sec protein export pathway leads to secretion stress, a phenomenon that is thought to be caused by the accumulation of incompletely or misfolded proteins at the membrane-cell envelope interface. We have analyzed the transcriptional responses of C. glutamicum to the secretory production of two different heterologous proteins and found that, in both cases, the expression of the gene encoding a homologue of the extracytosolic HtrA protease was highly upregulated. Based on this finding, a C. glutamicum Sec secretion biosensor strain was constructed in which the htrA gene on the chromosome was replaced by the eyfp gene. The fluorescence of the resulting reporter strain responded to the secretion of different heterologous proteins (cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi and alkaline phosphatase PhoA from Escherichia coli) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, three differently efficient signal peptides for the secretory production of the cutinase could be differentiated by the biosensor signal. Furthermore, we have shown that an efficient signal peptide can be separated from a poor signal peptide by using the biosensor signal of the respective cells in fluorescence activated cell sorting experiments. CONCLUSIONS We have succeeded in the construction of a C. glutamicum biosensor strain that allows for the monitoring of Sec-dependent secretion of heterologous proteins in a dose-dependent manner, independent of a direct assay for the desired target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jurischka
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Astrid Bida
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Doris Dohmen-Olma
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Britta Kleine
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Janko Potzkei
- SenseUp GmbH, c/o Campus Forschungszentrum, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Binder
- SenseUp GmbH, c/o Campus Forschungszentrum, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Schaumann
- SenseUp GmbH, c/o Campus Forschungszentrum, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrick J Bakkes
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Freudl
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften 1, IBG1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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Löfblom J, Rosenstein R, Nguyen MT, Ståhl S, Götz F. Staphylococcus carnosus: from starter culture to protein engineering platform. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8293-8307. [PMID: 28971248 PMCID: PMC5694512 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1950s, Staphylococcus carnosus is used as a starter culture for sausage fermentation where it contributes to food safety, flavor, and a controlled fermentation process. The long experience with S. carnosus has shown that it is a harmless and "food grade" species. This was confirmed by the genome sequence of S. carnosus TM300 that lacks genes involved in pathogenicity. Since the development of a cloning system in TM300, numerous genes have been cloned, expressed, and characterized and in particular, virulence genes that could be functionally validated in this non-pathogenic strain. A secretion system was developed for production and secretion of industrially important proteins and later modified to also enable display of heterologous proteins on the surface. The display system has been employed for various purposes, such as development of live bacterial delivery vehicles as well as microbial biocatalysts or bioadsorbents for potential environmental or biosensor applications. Recently, this surface display system has been utilized for display of peptide and protein libraries for profiling of protease substrates and for generation of various affinity proteins, e.g., Affibody molecules and scFv antibodies. In addition, by display of fragmented antigen-encoding genes, the surface expression system has been successfully used for epitope mapping of antibodies. Reviews on specific applications of S. carnosus have been published earlier, but here we provide a more extensive overview, covering a broad range of areas from food fermentation to sophisticated methods for protein-based drug discovery, which are all based on S. carnosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Löfblom
- Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Rosenstein
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Minh-Thu Nguyen
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Ståhl
- Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Ploss TN, Reilman E, Monteferrante CG, Denham EL, Piersma S, Lingner A, Vehmaanperä J, Lorenz P, van Dijl JM. Homogeneity and heterogeneity in amylase production by Bacillus subtilis under different growth conditions. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:57. [PMID: 27026185 PMCID: PMC4812647 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus subtilis is an important cell factory for the biotechnological industry due to its ability to secrete commercially relevant proteins in large amounts directly into the growth medium. However, hyper-secretion of proteins, such as α-amylases, leads to induction of the secretion stress-responsive CssR-CssS regulatory system, resulting in up-regulation of the HtrA and HtrB proteases. These proteases degrade misfolded proteins secreted via the Sec pathway, resulting in a loss of product. The aim of this study was to investigate the secretion stress response in B. subtilis 168 cells overproducing the industrially relevant α-amylase AmyM from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, which was expressed from the strong promoter P(amyQ)-M. Results Here we show that activity of the htrB promoter as induced by overproduction of AmyM was “noisy”, which is indicative for heterogeneous activation of the secretion stress pathway. Plasmids were constructed to allow real-time analysis of P(amyQ)-M promoter activity and AmyM production by, respectively, transcriptional and out-of-frame translationally coupled fusions with gfpmut3. Our results show the emergence of distinct sub-populations of high- and low-level AmyM-producing cells, reflecting heterogeneity in the activity of P(amyQ)-M. This most likely explains the heterogeneous secretion stress response. Importantly, more homogenous cell populations with regard to P(amyQ)-M activity were observed for the B. subtilis mutant strain 168degUhy32, and the wild-type strain 168 under optimized growth conditions. Conclusion Expression heterogeneity of secretory proteins in B. subtilis can be suppressed by degU mutation and optimized growth conditions. Further, the out-of-frame translational fusion of a gene for a secreted target protein and gfp represents a versatile tool for real-time monitoring of protein production and opens novel avenues for Bacillus production strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina N Ploss
- AB Enzymes GmbH, Feldbergstrasse 78, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ewoud Reilman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carmine G Monteferrante
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma L Denham
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sjouke Piersma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Lingner
- AB Enzymes GmbH, Feldbergstrasse 78, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany.,c-LEcta GmbH, Perlickstraße 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Lorenz
- AB Enzymes GmbH, Feldbergstrasse 78, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Strategy for efficient production of recombinant Staphylococcus epidermidis lipase in Bacillus subtilis. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu L, Yang H, Shin HD, Chen RR, Li J, Du G, Chen J. How to achieve high-level expression of microbial enzymes: strategies and perspectives. Bioengineered 2013; 4:212-23. [PMID: 23686280 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.24761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial enzymes have been used in a large number of fields, such as chemical, agricultural and biopharmaceutical industries. The enzyme production rate and yield are the main factors to consider when choosing the appropriate expression system for the production of recombinant proteins. Recombinant enzymes have been expressed in bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria), filamentous fungi (e.g., Aspergillus) and yeasts (e.g., Pichia pastoris). The favorable and very advantageous characteristics of these species have resulted in an increasing number of biotechnological applications. Bacterial hosts (e.g., E. coli) can be used to quickly and easily overexpress recombinant enzymes; however, bacterial systems cannot express very large proteins and proteins that require post-translational modifications. The main bacterial expression hosts, with the exception of lactic acid bacteria and filamentous fungi, can produce several toxins which are not compatible with the expression of recombinant enzymes in food and drugs. However, due to the multiplicity of the physiological impacts arising from high-level expression of genes encoding the enzymes and expression hosts, the goal of overproduction can hardly be achieved, and therefore, the yield of recombinant enzymes is limited. In this review, the recent strategies used for the high-level expression of microbial enzymes in the hosts mentioned above are summarized and the prospects are also discussed. We hope this review will contribute to the development of the enzyme-related research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Low KO, Muhammad Mahadi N, Md. Illias R. Optimisation of signal peptide for recombinant protein secretion in bacterial hosts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:3811-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yang H, Liu L, Li J, Du G, Chen J. Heterologous expression, biochemical characterization, and overproduction of alkaline α-amylase from Bacillus alcalophilus in Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:77. [PMID: 21978209 PMCID: PMC3204233 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline α-amylases have potential applications for hydrolyzing starch under high pH conditions in the starch and textile industries and as ingredients in detergents for automatic dishwashers and laundries. While the alkaline α-amylase gains increased industrial interest, the yield of alkaline α-amylases from wild-type microbes is low, and the combination of genetic engineering and process optimization is necessary to achieve the overproduction of alkaline α-amylase. RESULTS The alkaline α-amylase gene from Bacillus alcalophilus JN21 (CCTCC NO. M 2011229) was cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis strain WB600 with vector pMA5. The recombinant alkaline α-amylase was stable at pH from 7.0 to 11.0 and temperature below 40°C. The optimum pH and temperature of alkaline α-amylase was 9.0 and 50°C, respectively. Using soluble starch as the substrate, the Km and Vmax of alkaline α-amylase were 9.64 g/L and 0.80 g/(L·min), respectively. The effects of medium compositions (starch, peptone, and soybean meal) and temperature on the recombinant production of alkaline α-amylase in B. subtilis were investigated. Under the optimal conditions (starch concentration 0.6% (w/v), peptone concentration 1.45% (w/v), soybean meal concentration 1.3% (w/v), and temperature 37°C), the highest yield of alkaline α-amylase reached 415 U/mL. The yield of alkaline α-amylase in a 3-L fermentor reached 441 U/mL, which was 79 times that of native alkaline α-amylase from B. alcalophilus JN21. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report concerning the heterologous expression of alkaline α-amylase in B. subtilis, and the obtained results make it feasible to achieve the industrial production of alkaline α-amylase with the recombinant B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Enhanced Extracellular Production of Heterologous Proteins in Bacillus subtilis by Deleting the C-terminal Region of the SecA Secretory Machinery. Mol Biotechnol 2010; 46:250-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-010-9295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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