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Bates TA, Trank-Greene M, Nguyenla X, Anastas A, Gurmessa SK, Merutka IR, Dixon SD, Shumate A, Groncki AR, Parson MAH, Ingram JR, Barklis E, Burke JE, Shinde U, Ploegh HL, Tafesse FG. ESAT-6 undergoes self-association at phagosomal pH and an ESAT-6-specific nanobody restricts M. tuberculosis growth in macrophages. eLife 2024; 12:RP91930. [PMID: 38805257 PMCID: PMC11132683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is known to survive within macrophages by compromising the integrity of the phagosomal compartment in which it resides. This activity primarily relies on the ESX-1 secretion system, predominantly involving the protein duo ESAT-6 and CFP-10. CFP-10 likely acts as a chaperone, while ESAT-6 likely disrupts phagosomal membrane stability via a largely unknown mechanism. we employ a series of biochemical analyses, protein modeling techniques, and a novel ESAT-6-specific nanobody to gain insight into the ESAT-6's mode of action. First, we measure the binding kinetics of the tight 1:1 complex formed by ESAT-6 and CFP-10 at neutral pH. Subsequently, we demonstrate a rapid self-association of ESAT-6 into large complexes under acidic conditions, leading to the identification of a stable tetrameric ESAT-6 species. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we pinpoint the most probable interaction interface. Furthermore, we show that cytoplasmic expression of an anti-ESAT-6 nanobody blocks Mtb replication, thereby underlining the pivotal role of ESAT-6 in intracellular survival. Together, these data suggest that ESAT-6 acts by a pH-dependent mechanism to establish two-way communication between the cytoplasm and the Mtb-containing phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Mila Trank-Greene
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Xammy Nguyenla
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Aidan Anastas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Sintayehu K Gurmessa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Ilaria R Merutka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Shandee D Dixon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Anthony Shumate
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Abigail R Groncki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Matthew AH Parson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of VictoriaVictoriaCanada
| | - Jessica R Ingram
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Eric Barklis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of VictoriaVictoriaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Ujwal Shinde
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandUnited States
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Bates TA, Trank-Greene M, Nguyenla X, Anastas A, Gurmessa SK, Merutka IR, Dixon SD, Shumate A, Groncki AR, Parson MAH, Ingram JR, Barklis E, Burke JE, Shinde U, Ploegh HL, Tafesse FG. ESAT-6 undergoes self-association at phagosomal pH and an ESAT-6 specific nanobody restricts M. tuberculosis growth in macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.16.553641. [PMID: 37645775 PMCID: PMC10462100 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is known to survive within macrophages by compromising the integrity of the phagosomal compartment in which it resides. This activity primarily relies on the ESX-1 secretion system, predominantly involving the protein duo ESAT-6 and CFP-10. CFP-10 likely acts as a chaperone, while ESAT-6 likely disrupts phagosomal membrane stability via a largely unknown mechanism. we employ a series of biochemical analyses, protein modeling techniques, and a novel ESAT-6-specific nanobody to gain insight into the ESAT-6's mode of action. First, we measure the binding kinetics of the tight 1:1 complex formed by ESAT-6 and CFP-10 at neutral pH. Subsequently, we demonstrate a rapid self-association of ESAT-6 into large complexes under acidic conditions, leading to the identification of a stable tetrameric ESAT-6 species. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we pinpoint the most probable interaction interface. Furthermore, we show that cytoplasmic expression of an anti-ESAT-6 nanobody blocks Mtb replication, thereby underlining the pivotal role of ESAT-6 in intracellular survival. Together, these data suggest that ESAT-6 acts by a pH dependent mechanism to establish two-way communication between the cytoplasm and the Mtb-containing phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Mila Trank-Greene
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Xammy Nguyenla
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Aidan Anastas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sintayehu K Gurmessa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Ilaria R Merutka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Shandee D Dixon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Anthony Shumate
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Abigail R Groncki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Matthew AH Parson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Jessica R Ingram
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eric Barklis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ujwal Shinde
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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Wu HC, His HY, Hsiao G, Yen CH, Leu JY, Wu CC, Chang SH, Huang SJ, Lee TH. Chemical Constituents and Bioactive Principles from the Mexican Truffle and Fermented Products of the Derived Fungus Ustilago maydis MZ496986. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1122-1131. [PMID: 36597352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To look in-depth into the traditional Mexican truffle, this study investigated the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of field-collected corn galls and the fermentate of its pathogen Ustilago maydis MZ496986. Here, we established the chemical profiles of both materials via the gradient HPLC-UV method and successfully identified six previously unreported chemical entities, ustilagols A-F (1-6), and 17 known components. Compounds 3, 5, and 9 exhibited potent nitric oxide production inhibitory activities in murine brain microglial BV-2 cells (IC50 = 6.7 ± 0.5, 5.8 ± 0.9, and 3.9 ± 0.1 μM) without cytotoxic effects. DIMBOA (9) also attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages (IC50 = 58.1 ± 7.2 μM). Ustilagol G (7) showed potent antiplatelet aggregation in U46619-stimulated human platelets (IC50 = 16.5 ± 5.3 μM). These findings highlighted the potential of corn galls and U. maydis MZ496986 fermentate as functional foods for improving inflammation-related discomforts and vascular obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, R.O.C
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Yang His
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, R.O.C
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei 110, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, R.O.C
| | - Jyh-Yih Leu
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, R.O.C
| | - Szu-Hsing Chang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Fu-jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Jung Huang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, R.O.C
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, R.O.C
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Khabibullina NF, Kutuzova DM, Burmistrova IA, Lyadova IV. The Biological and Clinical Aspects of a Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7030048. [PMID: 35324595 PMCID: PMC8955876 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by bacilli from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, remains a serious global public health problem, representing one of the main causes of death from infectious diseases. About one quarter of the world’s population is infected with Mtb and has a latent TB infection (LTBI). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an LTBI is characterized by a lasting immune response to Mtb antigens without any TB symptoms. Current LTBI diagnoses and treatments are based on this simplified definition, although an LTBI involves a broad range of conditions, including when Mtb remains in the body in a persistent form and the immune response cannot be detected. The study of LTBIs has progressed in recent years; however, many biological and medical aspects of an LTBI are still under discussion. This review focuses on an LTBI as a broad spectrum of states, both of the human body, and of Mtb cells. The problems of phenotypic insusceptibility, diagnoses, chemoprophylaxis, and the necessity of treatment are discussed. We emphasize the complexity of an LTBI diagnosis and its treatment due to its ambiguous nature. We consider alternative ways of differentiating an LTBI from active TB, as well as predicting TB reactivation based on using mycobacterial “latency antigens” for interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) tests and the transcriptomic analysis of human blood cells.
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5
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Liu H, Gui X, Chen S, Fu W, Li X, Xiao T, Hou J, Jiang T. Structural Variability of Lipoarabinomannan Modulates Innate Immune Responses within Infected Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030361. [PMID: 35159170 PMCID: PMC8834380 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is an intracellular pathogen persisting in phagosomes that has the ability to escape host immune surveillance causing tuberculosis (TB). Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), as a glycolipid, is one of the complex outermost components of the mycobacterial cell envelope and plays a critical role in modulating host responses during M. tb infection. Different species within the Mycobacterium genus exhibit distinct LAM structures and elicit diverse innate immune responses. However, little is known about the mechanisms. In this study, we first constructed a LAM-truncated mutant with fewer arabinofuranose (Araf) residues named M. sm-ΔM_6387 (Mycobacterium smegmatis arabinosyltransferase EmbC gene knockout strain). It exhibited some prominent cell wall defects, including tardiness of mycobacterial migration, loss of acid-fast staining, and increased cell wall permeability. Within alveolar epithelial cells (A549) infected by M. sm-ΔM_6387, the uptake rate was lower, phagosomes with bacterial degradation appeared, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) recruitment was enhanced compared to wild type Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis). We further confirmed that the variability in the removal capability of M. sm-ΔM_6387 resulted from host cell responses rather than the changes in the mycobacterial cell envelope. Moreover, we found that M. sm-ΔM_6387 or its glycolipid extracts significantly induced expression changes in some genes related to innate immune responses, including Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), class A scavenger receptor (SR-A), Rubicon, LC3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Bcl-2, and Bax. Therefore, our studies suggest that nonpathogenic M. smegmatis can deposit LC3 on phagosomal membranes, and the decrease in the quantity of Araf residues for LAM molecules not only impacts mycobacterial cell wall integrity but also enhances host defense responses against the intracellular pathogens and decreases phagocytosis of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Xuwen Gui
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Shixing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Microsystem, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;
| | - Weizhe Fu
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Tingyuan Xiao
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-8611-0350
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6
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Coskun FS, Srivastava S, Raj P, Dozmorov I, Belkaya S, Mehra S, Golden NA, Bucsan AN, Chapagain ML, Wakeland EK, Kaushal D, Gumbo T, van Oers NSC. sncRNA-1 Is a Small Noncoding RNA Produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Infected Cells That Positively Regulates Genes Coupled to Oleic Acid Biosynthesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1631. [PMID: 32849337 PMCID: PMC7399025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). While much work has focused on the role of different Mtb encoded proteins in pathogenesis, recent studies have revealed that Mtb also transcribes many noncoding RNAs whose functions remain poorly characterized. We performed RNA sequencing and identified a subset of Mtb H37Rv-encoded small RNAs (<30 nts in length) that were produced in infected macrophages. Designated as smaller noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), three of these predominated the read counts. Each of the three, sncRNA-1, sncRNA-6, and sncRNA-8 had surrounding sequences with predicted stable secondary RNA stem loops. Site-directed mutagenesis of the precursor sequences suggest the existence of a hairpin loop dependent RNA processing mechanism. A functional assessment of sncRNA-1 suggested that it positively regulated two mycobacterial transcripts involved in oleic acid biosynthesis. Complementary loss- and gain- of-function approaches revealed that sncRNA-1 positively supports Mtb growth and survival in nutrient-depleted cultures as well as in infected macrophages. Overall, the findings reveal that Mtb produces sncRNAs in infected cells, with sncRNA-1 modulating mycobacterial gene expression including genes coupled to oleic acid biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma S Coskun
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shashikant Srivastava
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Serkan Belkaya
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Nadia A Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Allison N Bucsan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Moti L Chapagain
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Tawanda Gumbo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nicolai S C van Oers
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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7
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Nascimento LV, Santos CC, Leite LC, Nascimento IP. Characterisation of alternative expression vectors for recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin as live bacterial delivery systems. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e190347. [PMID: 32428188 PMCID: PMC7227789 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is considered a promising live bacterial delivery system. However, several proposals for rBCG vaccines have not progressed, mainly due to the limitations of the available expression systems. OBJECTIVES To obtain a set of mycobacterial vectors using a range of promoters with different strengths based on a standard backbone, previously shown to be stable. METHODS Mycobacterial expression vectors based on the pLA71 vector as backbone, were obtained inserting different promoters (PAN, PαAg, PHsp60, PBlaF* and PL5) and the green fluorescence protein (GFP) as reporter gene, to evaluate features such as their relative strengths, and the in vitro (inside macrophages) and in vivo stability. FINDINGS The relative fluorescence observed with the different vectors showed increasing strength of the promoters: PAN was the weakest in both Mycobacterium smegmatis and BCG and PBlaF* was higher than PHsp60 in BCG. The relative fluorescence observed in a macrophage cell line showed that PBlaF* and PHsp60 were comparable. It was not possible to obtain strains transformed with the extrachromosomal expression vector containing the PL5 in either species. MAIN CONCLUSION We have obtained a set of potentially stable mycobacterial vectors with a arrange of expression levels, to be used in the development of rBCG vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa V Nascimento
- Laboratório Especial de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina C Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cc Leite
- Laboratório Especial de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan P Nascimento
- Laboratório Especial de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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8
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Trousil J, Ulmann V, Hrubý M. Fluorescence & bioluminescence in the quest for imaging, probing & analysis of mycobacterial infections. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:933-951. [PMID: 29893148 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterioses represent a global health problem and rapid diagnostic improvements are urgently required. Mycobacteria-specific fluorescence and bioluminescence phenomena have been found to be useful for a wide range of mycobacteria-focused research. Here, we present a critical survey of the most promising techniques in this field and the potential of new methods under investigation. These approaches include acid-fast staining, intrinsic fluorescence of the coenzyme F420, fluorogenic substrates (e.g., β-lactamase-sensitive coumpounds) and recombination of mycobacteria or mycobacteriophages. Probably the most interesting and emerging host-inspecting approach is in vivo imaging. Detection of fluorescence in vivo, however, is complicated by light scattering, light absorption, and autofluorescence, caused by the tissues. Despite this, many of these systems show promise as the foundations for improved rapid analysis and imaging of mycobacterial infections, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Trousil
- Department of Supramolecular Polymer Systems, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Ulmann
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Diagnostics and Tuberculosis, Regional Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Partyzánské náměstí 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Department of Supramolecular Polymer Systems, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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9
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Kaur J, Kumar A, Kaur J. Strategies for optimization of heterologous protein expression in E. coli: Roadblocks and reinforcements. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:803-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Kaur J, Kumar A, Kaur J. Strategies for optimization of heterologous protein expression in E. coli: Roadblocks and reinforcements. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.080 10.1242/jeb.069716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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11
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Oliveira TL, Rizzi C, Dellagostin OA. Recombinant BCG vaccines: molecular features and their influence in the expression of foreign genes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6865-6877. [PMID: 28779291 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccines (rBCG) were first developed in the 1990s as a means of expressing antigens from multiple pathogens. This review examines the key structural factors of recombinant M. bovis that influence the expression of the heterologous antigens and the generation of genetic and functional stability in rBCG, which are crucial for inducing strong and lasting immune responses. The fundamental aim of this paper is to provide an overview of factors that affect the expression of recombinant proteins in BCG and the generation of the immune response against the target antigens, including mycobacterial promoters, location of foreign antigens, and stability of the vectors. The reporter systems that have been employed for evaluation of these molecular features in BCG are also reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Larré Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rizzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. .,Unidade de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 354, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
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12
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Gómez S, López-Estepa M, Fernández FJ, Vega MC. Protein Complex Production in Alternative Prokaryotic Hosts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 896:115-33. [PMID: 27165322 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Research for multiprotein expression in nonconventional bacterial and archaeal expression systems aims to exploit particular properties of "alternative" prokaryotic hosts that might make them more efficient than E. coli for particular applications, especially in those areas where more conventional bacterial hosts traditionally do not perform well. Currently, a wide range of products with clinical or industrial application have to be isolated from their native source, often microorganisms whose growth present numerous problems owing to very slow growth phenotypes or because they are unculturable under laboratory conditions. In those cases, transfer of the gene pathway responsible for synthesizing the product of interest into a suitable recombinant host becomes an attractive alternative solution. Despite many efforts dedicated to improving E. coli systems due to low cost, ease of use, and its dominant position as a ubiquitous expression host model, many alternative prokaryotic systems have been developed for heterologous protein expression mostly for biotechnological applications. Continuous research has led to improvements in expression yield through these non-conventional models, including Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Mycobacterium as alternative bacterial expression hosts. Advantageous properties shared by these systems include low costs, high levels of secreted protein products and their safety of use, with non-pathogenic strains been commercialized. In addition, the use of extremophilic and halotolerant archaea as expression hosts has to be considered as a potential tool for the production of mammalian membrane proteins such as GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Estepa
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Fernández
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cristina Vega
- Center for Biological Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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