1
|
Hošek J, Pokorný P, Storch D, Kvaček J, Havig J, Novák J, Hájková P, Jamrichová E, Brengman L, Radoměřský T, Křížek M, Magna T, Rapprich V, Laufek F, Hamilton T, Pack A, Di Rocco T, Horáček I. Hot spring oases in the periglacial desert as the Last Glacial Maximum refugia for temperate trees in Central Europe. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado6611. [PMID: 38820152 PMCID: PMC11141633 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado6611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Northern glacial refugia are a hotly debated concept. The idea that many temperate organisms survived the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~26.5 to 19 thousand years) in several sites across central and northern Europe stems from phylogeographic analyses, yet direct fossil evidence has thus far been missing. Here, we present the first unequivocal proof that thermophilous trees such as oak (Quercus), linden (Tilia), and common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) survived the LGM in Central Europe. The persistence of the refugium was promoted by a steady influx of hydrothermal waters that locally maintained a humid and warm microclimate. We reconstructed the geological and palaeohydrological factors responsible for the emergence of hot springs during the LGM and argue that refugia of this type, allowing the long-term survival and rapid post-LGM dispersal of temperate elements, were not exceptional in the European periglacial zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hošek
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, Prague 1, Czech Republic
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pokorný
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - David Storch
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, Prague 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kvaček
- Department of Palaeontology, National Museum Prague, Václavské nám. 68, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jeff Havig
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hájková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Paleoecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jamrichová
- Department of Paleoecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Latisha Brengman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Tomáš Radoměřský
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, Prague 1, Czech Republic
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Křížek
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Magna
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Trinity Hamilton
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Andreas Pack
- Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tommaso Di Rocco
- Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 1, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Horáček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barbosa C, Tamayo-Leiva J, Alcorta J, Salgado O, Daniele L, Morata D, Díez B. Effects of hydrogeochemistry on the microbial ecology of terrestrial hot springs. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0024923. [PMID: 37754764 PMCID: PMC10581198 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00249-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature, pH, and hydrochemistry of terrestrial hot springs play a critical role in shaping thermal microbial communities. However, the interactions of biotic and abiotic factors at this terrestrial-aquatic interface are still not well understood on a global scale, and the question of how underground events influence microbial communities remains open. To answer this, 11 new samples obtained from the El Tatio geothermal field were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V4 region), along with 191 samples from previous publications obtained from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field, and the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, with their temperature, pH, and major ion concentration. Microbial alpha diversity was lower in acid-sulfate waters, and no significant correlations were found with temperature. However, moderate correlations were observed between chemical parameters such as pH (mostly constrained to temperatures below 70°C), SO4 2- and abundances of members of the phyla Armatimonadota, Deinococcota, Chloroflexota, Campilobacterota, and Thermoplasmatota. pH and SO4 2- gradients were explained by phase separation of sulfur-rich hydrothermal fluids and oxidation of reduced sulfur in the steam phase, which were identified as key processes shaping these communities. Ordination and permutational analysis of variance showed that temperature, pH, and major element hydrochemistry explain only 24% of the microbial community structure. Therefore, most of the variance remained unexplained, suggesting that other environmental or biotic factors are also involved and highlighting the environmental complexity of the ecosystem and its great potential to test niche theory ecological associated questions. IMPORTANCE This is the first approach to investigate whether geothermal processes could have an influence on the ecology of thermal microbial communities on a global scale. In addition to temperature and pH, microbial communities are structured by sulfate concentrations, which depends on the tectono-magmatic settings (such as the depth of magmatic chambers) and the local settings (such as the availability of a confining layer separating NaCl waters from steam after phase separation) and the possibility of mixing with more diluted fluids. Comparison of microbial communities from different geothermal areas by homogeneous sequence processing showed that no significant geographic distance decay was detected on the microbial communities according to Bray-Curtis, Jaccard, unweighted, and weighted Unifrac similarity/dissimilarity indices. Instead, an ancient potential divergence in the same taxonomic groups is suggested between globally distant thermal zones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Barbosa
- Department of Geology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA-Fondap), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Tamayo-Leiva
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center of Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Alcorta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center of Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Salgado
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
| | - Linda Daniele
- Department of Geology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA-Fondap), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Morata
- Department of Geology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA-Fondap), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatríz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center of Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moran JJ, Bernstein HC, Mobberley JM, Thompson AM, Kim YM, Dana KL, Cory AB, Courtney S, Renslow RS, Fredrickson JK, Kreuzer HW, Lipton MS. Daylight-driven carbon exchange through a vertically structured microbial community. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139213. [PMID: 37303779 PMCID: PMC10251406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between autotrophs and heterotrophs are central to carbon (C) exchange across trophic levels in essentially all ecosystems and metabolite exchange is a frequent mechanism for distributing C within spatially structured ecosystems. Yet, despite the importance of C exchange, the timescales at which fixed C is transferred in microbial communities is poorly understood. We employed a stable isotope tracer combined with spatially resolved isotope analysis to quantify photoautotrophic uptake of bicarbonate and track subsequent exchanges across a vertical depth gradient in a stratified microbial mat over a light-driven diel cycle. We observed that C mobility, both across the vertical strata and between taxa, was highest during periods of active photoautotrophy. Parallel experiments with 13C-labeled organic substrates (acetate and glucose) showed comparably less exchange of C within the mat. Metabolite analysis showed rapid incorporation of 13C into molecules that can both comprise a portion of the extracellular polymeric substances in the system and serve to transport C between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs. Stable isotope proteomic analysis revealed rapid C exchange between cyanobacterial and associated heterotrophic community members during the day with decreased exchange at night. We observed strong diel control on the spatial exchange of freshly fixed C within tightly interacting mat communities suggesting a rapid redistribution, both spatially and taxonomically, primarily during daylight periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Moran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hans C. Bernstein
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- ARC – The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Young-Mo Kim
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Karl L. Dana
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Steph Courtney
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Ryan S. Renslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Helen W. Kreuzer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Mary S. Lipton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|