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Parrell D, Olson J, Lemke RA, Donohue TJ, Wright ER. Quantitative Analysis of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Storage Organelles via Cryo-Electron Tomography and Light Microscopy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1006. [PMID: 39199393 PMCID: PMC11352279 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cytoplasmic organelles are diverse and serve many varied purposes. Here, we employed Rhodobacter sphaeroides to investigate the accumulation of carbon and inorganic phosphate in the storage organelles, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyphosphate (PP), respectively. Using cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), these organelles were observed to increase in size and abundance when growth was arrested by chloramphenicol treatment. The accumulation of PHB and PP was quantified from three-dimensional (3D) segmentations in cryo-tomograms and the analysis of these 3D models. The quantification of PHB using both segmentation analysis and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LCMS) each demonstrated an over 10- to 20-fold accumulation of PHB. The cytoplasmic location of PHB in cells was assessed with fluorescence light microscopy using a PhaP-mNeonGreen fusion-protein construct. The subcellular location and enumeration of these organelles were correlated by comparing the cryo-ET and fluorescence microscopy data. A potential link between PHB and PP localization and possible explanations for co-localization are discussed. Finally, the study of PHB and PP granules, and their accumulation, is discussed in the context of advancing fundamental knowledge about bacterial stress response, the study of renewable sources of bioplastics, and highly energetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Parrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (D.P.); (J.O.)
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Joseph Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (D.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Rachelle A. Lemke
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Timothy J. Donohue
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (D.P.); (J.O.)
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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Vicente D, Proença DN, Morais PV. The Role of Bacterial Polyhydroalkanoate (PHA) in a Sustainable Future: A Review on the Biological Diversity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2959. [PMID: 36833658 PMCID: PMC9957297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental challenges related to the mismanagement of plastic waste became even more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for new solutions regarding the use of plastics came to the forefront again. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have demonstrated their ability to replace conventional plastics, especially in packaging. Its biodegradability and biocompatibility makes this material a sustainable solution. The cost of PHA production and some weak physical properties compared to synthetic polymers remain as the main barriers to its implementation in the industry. The scientific community has been trying to solve these disadvantages associated with PHA. This review seeks to frame the role of PHA and bioplastics as substitutes for conventional plastics for a more sustainable future. It is focused on the bacterial production of PHA, highlighting the current limitations of the production process and, consequently, its implementation in the industry, as well as reviewing the alternatives to turn the production of bioplastics into a sustainable and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Neves Proença
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Johnston B, Adamus G, Ekere AI, Kowalczuk M, Tchuenbou-Magaia F, Radecka I. Bioconversion of Plastic Waste Based on Mass Full Carbon Backbone Polymeric Materials to Value-Added Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090432. [PMID: 36134978 PMCID: PMC9496005 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article will discuss the ways in which various polymeric materials, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) can potentially be used to produce bioplastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) through microbial cultivation. We will present up-to-date information regarding notable microbial strains that are actively used in the biodegradation of polyolefins. We will also review some of the metabolic pathways involved in the process of plastic depolymerization and discuss challenges relevant to the valorization of plastic waste. The aim of this review is also to showcase the importance of methods, including oxidative degradation and microbial-based processes, that are currently being used in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology to limit the environmental burden of waste plastics. It is our hope that this article will contribute to the concept of bio-upcycling plastic waste to value-added products via microbial routes for a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Johnston
- Science in Industry Research Centre (SIRC), SciTech Innovation Hub, Wolverhampton Science Park, Glaisher Drive, Wolverhampton WV10 9RU, UK
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (I.R.)
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anabel Itohowo Ekere
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Iza Radecka
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (I.R.)
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4
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Koh S, Sato M, Yamashina K, Usukura Y, Toyofuku M, Nomura N, Taguchi S. Controllable secretion of multilayer vesicles driven by microbial polymer accumulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3393. [PMID: 35233015 PMCID: PMC8888611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane vesicles (MVs) are formed in various microorganisms triggered by physiological and environmental phenomena. In this study, we have discovered that the biogenesis of MV took place in the recombinant cell of Escherichia coli BW25113 strain that intracellularly accumulates microbial polyester, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). This discovery was achieved as a trigger of foam formation during the microbial PHB fermentation. The purified MVs were existed as a mixture of outer MVs and outer/inner MVs, revealed by transmission electron microscopy. It should be noted that there was a good correlation between MV formation and PHB production level that can be finely controlled by varying glucose concentrations, suggesting the causal relationship in both supramolecules artificially produced in the microbial platform. Notably, the controllable secretion of MV was governed spatiotemporally through the morphological change of the E. coli cells caused by the PHB intracellular accumulation. Based on a hypothesis of PHB internal-pressure dependent envelope-disorder induced MV biogenesis, here we propose a new Polymer Intracellular Accumulation-triggered system for MV Production (designated "PIA-MVP") with presenting a mechanistic model for MV biogenesis. The PIA-MVP is a promising microbial platform that will provides us with a significance for further study focusing on biopolymer capsulation and cross-membrane transportation for different application purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Koh
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kota Yamashina
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Usukura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Masanori Toyofuku
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.,Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
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Bordel S, van Spanning RJM, Santos-Beneit F. Imaging and modelling of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis in Paracoccus denitrificans. AMB Express 2021; 11:113. [PMID: 34370106 PMCID: PMC8353029 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granule formation in Paracoccus denitrificans Pd1222 was investigated by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and gas chromatography analysis. Cells that had been starved for 2 days were free of PHB granules but resynthesized them within 30 min of growth in fresh medium with succinate. In most cases, the granules were distributed randomly, although in some cases they appeared in a more organized pattern. The rates of growth and PHB accumulation were analyzed within the frame of a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model (GSMM) containing 781 metabolic genes, 1403 reactions and 1503 metabolites. The model was used to obtain quantitative predictions of biomass yields and PHB synthesis during aerobic growth on succinate as sole carbon and energy sources. The results revealed an initial fast stage of PHB accumulation, during which all of the acetyl-CoA originating from succinate was diverted to PHB production. The next stage was characterized by a tenfold lower PHB production rate and the simultaneous onset of exponential growth, during which acetyl-CoA was predominantly drained into the TCA cycle. Previous research has shown that PHB accumulation correlates with cytosolic acetyl-CoA concentration. It has also been shown that PHB accumulation is not transcriptionally regulated. Our results are consistent with the mentioned findings and suggest that, in absence of cell growth, most of the cellular acetyl-CoA is channeled to PHB synthesis, while during exponential growth, it is drained to the TCA cycle, causing a reduction of the cytosolic acetyl-CoA pool and a concomitant decrease of the synthesis of acetoacetyl-CoA (the precursor of PHB synthesis).
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Three-dimensional label-free visualization and quantification of polyhydroxyalkanoates in individual bacterial cell in its native state. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103956118. [PMID: 34312231 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103956118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters that are intracellularly accumulated as distinct insoluble granules by various microorganisms. PHAs have attracted much attention as sustainable substitutes for petroleum-based plastics. However, the formation of PHA granules and their characteristics, such as localization, volume, weight, and density of granules, in an individual live bacterial cell are not well understood. Here, we report the results of three-dimensional (3D) quantitative label-free analysis of PHA granules in individual live bacterial cells through measuring the refractive index distributions by optical diffraction tomography (ODT). The formation and growth of PHA granules in the cells of Cupriavidus necator, the best-studied native PHA producer, and recombinant Escherichia coli harboring C. necator poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) biosynthesis pathway are comparatively examined. Through the statistical ODT analyses of the bacterial cells, the distinctive characteristics for density and localization of PHB granules in vivo could be observed. The PHB granules in recombinant E. coli show higher density and localization polarity compared with those of C. necator, indicating that polymer chains are more densely packed and granules tend to be located at the cell poles, respectively. The cells were investigated in more detail through real-time 3D analyses, showing how differently PHA granules are processed in relation to the cell division process in native and nonnative PHA-producing strains. We also show that PHA granule-associated protein PhaM of C. necator plays a key role in making these differences between C. necator and recombinant E. coli strains. This study provides spatiotemporal insights into PHA accumulation inside the native and recombinant bacterial cells.
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Jyoti P, Patil N, Masakapalli SK. Insights into the Polyhydroxybutyrate Biosynthesis in Ralstonia solanacearum Using Parallel 13C Tracers and Comparative Genome Analysis. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1215-1222. [PMID: 34143620 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] is a metabolic strategy often adopted to cope with challenging surroundings. Ralstonia solanacearum, a phytopathogen, seems to be an ideal candidate with inherent ability to accumulate this biodegradable polymer of high industrial relevance. This study is focused on investigating the metabolic networks that channel glucose into P(3HB) using comparative genome analysis, 13C tracers, microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Comparative genome annotation of 87 R. solanacearum strains confirmed the presence of a conserved P(3HB) biosynthetic pathway genes in the chromosome. Parallel 13C glucose feeding ([1-13C], [1,2-13C]) analysis mapped the glucose oxidation to 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), the metabolic precursor of P(3HB) via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway (ED pathway), potentially to meet the NADPH demands. Fluorescence microscopy, GC-MS, and 1H NMR analysis further confirmed the ability of R. solanacearum to accumulate P(3HB) granules. In addition, it is demonstrated that the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio influences the P(3HB) yields, thereby highlighting the need to further optimize the bioprocessing parameters. This study provided key insights into the biosynthetic abilities of R. solanacearum as a promising P(3HB) producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Jyoti
- BioX Center, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Patil
- BioX Center, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- BioX Center, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Inactivation of the Pta-AckA pathway impairs fitness of Bacillus anthracis during overflow metabolism. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:JB.00660-20. [PMID: 33593944 PMCID: PMC8092162 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00660-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Under conditions of glucose excess, aerobically growing bacteria predominantly direct carbon flux towards acetate fermentation, a phenomenon known as overflow metabolism or the bacterial 'Crabtree effect'. Numerous studies of the major acetate-generating pathway, the Pta-AckA, revealed its important role in bacterial fitness through the control of central metabolism to sustain balanced growth and cellular homeostasis. In this work, we highlight the contribution of the Pta-AckA pathway to fitness of the spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus anthracis We demonstrate that disruption of the Pta-AckA pathway causes a drastic growth reduction in the mutants and alters the metabolic and energy status of the cells. Our results revealed that inactivation of the Pta-AckA pathway increases the glucose consumption rate, affects intracellular ATP, NAD+ and NADH levels and leads to a metabolic block at the pyruvate and acetyl-CoA nodes. Consequently, accumulation of intracellular acetyl-CoA and pyruvate forces bacteria to direct carbon into the TCA and/or glyoxylate cycles as well as fatty acid and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) biosynthesis pathways. Notably, the presence of phosphate butyryltransferase in B. anthracis partially compensates for the loss of phosphotransacetylase activity. Furthermore, overexpression of the ptb gene not only eliminates the negative impact of the pta mutation on B. anthracis fitness, but also restores normal growth in the pta mutant of the non-butyrate-producing bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate the importance of the Pta-AckA pathway for B. anthracis fitness by revealing its critical contribution to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis during aerobic growth under conditions of carbon overflow.IMPORTANCE B. anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, is a highly pathogenic, spore-forming bacterium that causes acute, life-threatening disease in both humans and livestock. A greater understanding of the metabolic determinants governing fitness of B. anthracis is essential for the development of successful therapeutic and vaccination strategies aimed at lessening the potential impact of this important biodefense pathogen. This study is the first to demonstrate the vital role of the Pta-AckA pathway in preserving energy and metabolic homeostasis in B. anthracis under conditions of carbon overflow, therefore, highlighting this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for drug discovery. Overall, the results of this study provide important insight into understanding the metabolic processes and requirements driving rapid B. anthracis proliferation during vegetative growth.
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Growth associated polyhydroxybutyrate production by the novel Zobellellae tiwanensis strain DD5 from banana peels under submerged fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:461-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Novel unexpected functions of PHA granules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4795-4810. [PMID: 32303817 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyesters accumulated by numerous prokaryotes in the form of intracellular granules, have been for decades considered being predominantly storage molecules. However, numerous recent discoveries revealed and emphasized their complex biological role for microbial cells. Most of all, it was repeatedly reported and confirmed that the presence of PHA granules in prokaryotic cells enhances stress resistance and robustness of microbes against various environmental stress factors such as high or low temperature, freezing, oxidative, and osmotic pressure. It seems that protective mechanisms of PHA granules are associated with their extraordinary architecture and biophysical properties as well as with the complex and deeply interconnected nature of PHA metabolism. Therefore, this review aims at describing novel and unexpected properties of PHA granules with respect to their contribution to stress tolerance of various prokaryotes including common mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria, but also extremophiles or photo-autotrophic cyanobacteria. KEY POINTS: • PHA granules present in bacterial cells reveal unique properties and functions. • PHA enhances stress robustness of bacterial cells.
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11
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Penkhrue W, Jendrossek D, Khanongnuch C, Pathom-aree W, Aizawa T, Behrens RL, Lumyong S. Response surface method for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) bioplastic accumulation in Bacillus drentensis BP17 using pineapple peel. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230443. [PMID: 32191752 PMCID: PMC7082031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable biopolymer which is useful for various applications including packing, medical and coating materials. An endospore-forming bacterium (strain BP17) was isolated from composted soil and evaluated for PHB production. Strain BP17, taxonomically identified as Bacillus drentensis, showed enhanced PHB accumulation and was selected for further studies. To achieve maximum PHB production, the culture conditions for B. drentensis BP17 were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) employing central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The final optimum fermentation conditions included: pineapple peel solution, 11.5% (v/v); tryptic soy broth (TSB), 60 g/L; pH, 6.0; inoculum size, 10% (v/v) and temperature, 28°C for 36 h. This optimization yielded 5.55 g/L of PHB compared to the non-optimized condition (0.17 g/L). PHB accumulated by B. drentensis BP17 had a polydispersity value of 1.59 and an average molecular weight of 1.15x105 Da. Thermal analyses revealed that PHB existed as a thermally stable semi-crystalline polymer, exhibiting a thermal degradation temperature of 228°C, a melting temperature of 172°C and an apparent melting enthalpy of fusion of 83.69 J/g. It is evident that B. drentensis strain BP17 is a promising bacterium candidate for PHB production using agricultural waste, such as pineapple peel as a low-cost alternative carbon source for PHB production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watsana Penkhrue
- Research Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Dieter Jendrossek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chartchai Khanongnuch
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasu Pathom-aree
- Research Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rachel L. Behrens
- Polymer Facility Technical Director, UCSB, MRL, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - S. Lumyong
- Research Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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Metabolic engineering for the synthesis of polyesters: A 100-year journey from polyhydroxyalkanoates to non-natural microbial polyesters. Metab Eng 2020; 58:47-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Elsayed NS, Aboshanab KM, Yassien MA, Hassouna NH. New insight into poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Azomonas macrocytogenes isolate KC685000: large scale production, kinetic modeling, recovery and characterization. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3357-3370. [PMID: 30997598 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
About 24 h incubation of Azomonas (A.) macrocytogenes isolate KC685000 in 14L fermenter produced 22% poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) per cell dry weight (CDW) biopolymer using 1 vvm aeration, 10% inoculum size, and initial pH of 7.2. To control the fermentation process, Logistic and Leudeking-Piret models were used to describe the cell growth and PHB production, respectively. These two models were in good agreement with the experimental data confirming the growth associated nature of PHB production. The best method for recovery of PHB was chemical digestion using sodium hypochlorite alone. The characterization of the produced polymer was carried out using FT-IR, 1HNMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and transmission electron microscope. The analysis of the nucleotide sequences of PHA synthase enzyme revealed class III identity. The putative tertiary structure of PHA synthase enzyme was analyzed using Modular Approach to Structural class prediction software, Tied Mixture Hidden Markov Model server, and Swiss model software. It was deduced that PHA synthases' structural class was multidomain protein (α/β) containing a conserved cysteine residue and lipase box as characteristic features of α/β hydrolase super family. Taken together, all the results of molecular characterization and transmission electron microscope images supported that the PHB formation was attained by the micelle model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on production of growth associated PHB polymer using A. macrocytogenes isolate KC685000, and its class III PHA synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha S Elsayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Yassien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia H Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Kang JY, Kim MJ, Chun J, Son KP, Jahng KY. Marinobacterium boryeongense sp. nov., isolated from seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 69:493-497. [PMID: 30566074 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated DMHB-2T, was isolated from a sample of seawater collected off the Yellow Sea coast of the Republic of Korea. Cells were short rods and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. Growth occurred at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.0), 15-45 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and with 1-9 % NaCl (optimum, 3 %). The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (17.9 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 26.1 %) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c; 37.4 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DMHB-2T belong to the genus Marinobacterium, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.2 % to Marinobacterium zhoushanense KCTC 42782T. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain DMHB-2T was 60.8 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics presented in this study, strain DMHB-2T is suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Marinobacterium, for which the name Marinobacteriumboryeongense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DMHB-2T (=KACC 19225T=JCM 31902T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kang
- 1Industrial Microbiology and Bioprocess Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Kim
- 2Department of Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesun Chun
- 2Department of Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Pyo Son
- 2Department of Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Yeop Jahng
- 2Department of Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 561-756, Republic of Korea
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16
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Balakrishna Pillai A, Jaya Kumar A, Kumarapillai H. Enhanced production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in recombinant Escherichia coli and EDTA-microwave-assisted cell lysis for polymer recovery. AMB Express 2018; 8:142. [PMID: 30182189 PMCID: PMC6123327 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a bacterial polymer of great commercial importance due to its properties similar to polypropylene. With an aim to develop a recombinant system for economical polymer production, PHB biosynthesis genes from Bacillus aryabhattai PHB10 were cloned in E. coli. The recombinant cells accumulated a maximum level of 6.22 g/L biopolymer utilizing glycerol in shake flasks. The extracted polymer was confirmed as PHB by GC-MS and NMR analyses. The polymer showed melting point at 171 °C, thermal stability in a temperature range of 0-140 °C and no weight loss up to 200 °C. PHB extracted from sodium hypochlorite lysed cells had average molecular weight of 143.108 kDa, polydispersity index (PDI) 1.81, tensile strength of 14.2 MPa and an elongation at break of 7.65%. This is the first report on high level polymer accumulation in recombinant E. coli solely expressing PHB biosynthesis genes from a Bacillus sp. As an alternative to sodium hypochlorite cell lysis mediated polymer extraction, the effect of combined treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and microwave was studied which attained 93.75% yield. The polymer recovered through this method was 97.21% pure, showed 2.9-fold improvement in molecular weight and better PDI. The procedure is simple, with minimum polymer damage and more eco-friendly than the sodium hypochlorite lysis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Balakrishna Pillai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB) Poojappura, Thycaud P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014 India
| | - Arjun Jaya Kumar
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB) Poojappura, Thycaud P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014 India
| | - Harikrishnan Kumarapillai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB) Poojappura, Thycaud P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014 India
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17
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Sagong HY, Son HF, Choi SY, Lee SY, Kim KJ. Structural Insights into Polyhydroxyalkanoates Biosynthesis. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:790-805. [PMID: 30139647 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are diverse biopolyesters produced by numerous microorganisms and have attracted much attention as a substitute for petroleum-based polymers. Despite several decades of study, the detailed molecular mechanisms of PHA biosynthesis have remained unknown due to the lack of structural information on the key PHA biosynthetic enzyme PHA synthase. The recently determined crystal structure of PHA synthase, together with the structures of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) acetyltransferase and reductase, have changed this situation. Structural and biochemical studies provided important clues for the molecular mechanisms of each enzyme as well as the overall mechanism of PHA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA. This new information and knowledge is expected to facilitate production of designed novel PHAs and also enhanced production of PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Sagong
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeoncheol Francis Son
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, and Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biotechnology, and Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Cristea A, Baricz A, Leopold N, Floare C, Borodi G, Kacso I, Tripon S, Bulzu P, Andrei A, Cadar O, Levei E, Banciu H. Polyhydroxybutyrate production by an extremely halotolerant
Halomonas elongata
strain isolated from the hypersaline meromictic Fără Fund Lake (Transylvanian Basin, Romania). J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1343-1357. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Molecular Biology Center, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio‐Nano‐Sciences Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - A. Baricz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Department of Experimental Biology and Biochemistry National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Research Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - N. Leopold
- Department of Biomolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics Babeș‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - C.G. Floare
- Department of Biomolecular and Molecular Physics National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - G. Borodi
- Department of Biomolecular and Molecular Physics National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - I. Kacso
- Department of Biomolecular and Molecular Physics National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - S. Tripon
- Electron Microscopy Center Babeș‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - P.A. Bulzu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Molecular Biology Center, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio‐Nano‐Sciences Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - A.‐Ș. Andrei
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - O. Cadar
- INCDO‐INOE 2000 Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - E.A. Levei
- INCDO‐INOE 2000 Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - H.L. Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Molecular Biology Center, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio‐Nano‐Sciences Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
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19
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Morya R, Kumar M, Thakur IS. Utilization of glycerol by Bacillus sp. ISTVK1 for production and characterization of Polyhydroxyvalerate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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21
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Maheshwari N, Kumar M, Thakur IS, Srivastava S. Production, process optimization and molecular characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by CO 2 sequestering B. cereus SS105. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:75-82. [PMID: 29413942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide sequestering bacterial strains were previously isolated from free air CO2 enriched (FACE) soil. In the present study, these strains were screened for PHA accumulation and Bacillus cereus SS105 was found to be the most prominent PHA accumulating strain on sodium bicarbonate and molasses as carbon source. This strain was further characterized by Spectrofluorometric method and Confocal microscopy after staining with Nile red. PHA granules in inclusion bodies were visualized by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The PHA and its monomer composition were characterized by GC-MS followed by FTIR and NMR. The genetic basis of PHA production was confirmed by the amplification, cloning and analysis of PHA biosynthesis genes phaR, phaB and phaC from B. cereus with the degenerate primers. The PHA production was further optimized by Response Surface Methodology and the percent increase observed after optimization was 55.16% (w/v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Maheshwari
- Amity School of Earth and Environmental Science, Amity University Gurgram, India
| | - Madan Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shaili Srivastava
- Amity School of Earth and Environmental Science, Amity University Gurgram, India; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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22
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Zhang T, Wang X, Zhou J, Zhang Y. Enrichments of methanotrophic-heterotrophic cultures with high poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation capacities. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 65:133-143. [PMID: 29548384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methanotrophic-heterotrophic communities were selectively enriched from sewage sludge to obtain a mixed culture with high levels of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation capacity from methane. Methane was used as the carbon source, N2 as sole nitrogen source, and oxygen and Cu content were varied. Copper proved essential for PHB synthesis. All cultures enriched with Cu could accumulate high content of PHB (43.2%-45.9%), while only small amounts of PHB were accumulated by cultures enriched without Cu (11.9%-17.5%). Batch assays revealed that communities grown with Cu and a higher O2 content synthesized more PHB, which had a wider optimal CH4:O2 range and produced a high PHB content (48.7%) even though in the presence of N2. In all methanotrophic-heterotrophic communities, both methanotrophic and heterotrophic populations showed the ability to accumulate PHB. Although methane was added as the sole carbon source, heterotrophs dominated with abundances between 77.2% and 85.6%. All methanotrophs detected belonged to type II genera, which formed stable communities with heterotrophs of different PHB production capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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23
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Guerra-Blanco P, Cortes O, Poznyak T, Chairez I, García-Peña E. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production by photoheterotrophic microbial consortia: Effect of culture conditions over microbial population and biopolymer yield and composition. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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New Insights into PhaM-PhaC-Mediated Localization of Polyhydroxybutyrate Granules in Ralstonia eutropha H16. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00505-17. [PMID: 28389545 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00505-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and localization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules in Ralstonia eutropha are controlled by PhaM, which interacts both with the PHB synthase (PhaC) and with the bacterial nucleoid. Here, we studied the importance of proline and lysine residues of two C-terminal PAKKA motifs in PhaM for their importance in attaching PHB granules to DNA by in vitro and in vivo methods. Substitution of the lysine residues but not of the proline residues resulted in detachment of formed PHB granules from the nucleoid. Instead, formation of PHB granule clusters at polar regions of the rod-shaped cells and an unequal distribution of PHB granules to daughter cells were observed. The formation of PHB granules was studied by the expression of chromosomally anchored gene fusions of fluorescent proteins with PhaM and PhaC in different backgrounds. PhaM and PhaC fusions showed a distinct colocalization at formed PHB granules in the nucleoid region of the wild type. In a ΔphaC background, PhaM and the catalytically inactive PhaCC319A protein were not able to form fluorescent foci, indicating that correct positioning requires the formation of PHB. Furthermore, time-lapse experiments revealed that PhaC and PhaM proteins detach from formed PHB granules at later stages, resulting in a nonhomogeneous population of PHB granules. This could explain why growth of individual PHB granules stops under PHB-permissive conditions at a certain size.IMPORTANCE PHB granules are storage compounds for carbon and energy in many prokaryotes. Equal distribution of accumulated PHB granules during cell division is therefore important for optimal fitness of the daughter cells. In R. eutropha, PhaM is responsible for maximal activity of PHB synthase, for initiation of PHB granule formation at discrete regions in the cells, and for association of formed PHB granules with the nucleoid. Here we found that four lysine residues of C-terminal PhaM sequence motifs are essential for association of PHB granules with the nucleoid. Furthermore, we followed PHB granule formation by time-lapse microscopy and provide evidence for aging of PHB granules that is manifested by detachment of previously PHB granule-associated PhaM and PHB synthase.
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25
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Sadykov MR, Ahn JS, Widhelm TJ, Eckrich VM, Endres JL, Driks A, Rutkowski GE, Wingerd KL, Bayles KW. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) fuels the tricarboxylic acid cycle andde novolipid biosynthesis duringBacillus anthracissporulation. Mol Microbiol 2017; 104:793-803. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marat R. Sadykov
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Jong-Sam Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Todd J. Widhelm
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Valerie M. Eckrich
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Endres
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Adam Driks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine; Maywood IL 60153 USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth W. Bayles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
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26
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Balakrishna Pillai A, Jaya Kumar A, Thulasi K, Kumarapillai H. Evaluation of short-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation in Bacillus aryabhattai. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:451-460. [PMID: 28359856 PMCID: PMC5498450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was focused on the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation property of Bacillus aryabhattai isolated from environment. Twenty-four polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producers were screened out from sixty-two environmental bacterial isolates based on Sudan Black B colony staining. Based on their PHA accumulation property, six promising isolates were further screened out. The most productive isolate PHB10 was identified as B. aryabhattai PHB10. The polymer production maxima were 3.264 g/L, 2.181 g/L, 1.47 g/L, 1.742 g/L and 1.786 g/L in glucose, fructose, maltose, starch and glycerol respectively. The bacterial culture reached its stationary and declining phases at 18 h and 21 h respectively and indicated growth-associated PHB production. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra confirmed the material as PHB. The material has thermal stability between 30 and 140 °C, melting point at 170 °C and maximum thermal degradation at 287 °C. The molecular weight and poly dispersion index of the polymer were found as 199.7 kDa and 2.67 respectively. The bacterium B. aryabhattai accumulating PHB up to 75% of cell dry mass utilizing various carbon sources is a potential candidate for large scale production of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Balakrishna Pillai
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Environmental Biology Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Arjun Jaya Kumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Environmental Biology Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kavitha Thulasi
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Environmental Biology Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Harikrishnan Kumarapillai
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Environmental Biology Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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27
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Bosak T, Schubotz F, de Santiago-Torio A, Kuehl JV, Carlson HK, Watson N, Daye M, Summons RE, Arkin AP, Deutschbauer AM. System-Wide Adaptations of Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 to Phosphate-Limited Conditions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168719. [PMID: 28030630 PMCID: PMC5193443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of lipids devoid of phosphorus suggests that the availability of phosphorus limits microbial growth and activity in many anoxic, stratified environments. To better understand the response of anaerobic bacteria to phosphate limitation and starvation, this study combines microscopic and lipid analyses with the measurements of fitness of pooled barcoded transposon mutants of the model sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20. Phosphate-limited G20 has lower growth rates and replaces more than 90% of its membrane phospholipids by a mixture of monoglycosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), glycuronic acid diacylglycerol (GADG) and ornithine lipids, lacks polyphosphate granules, and synthesizes other cellular inclusions. Analyses of pooled and individual mutants reveal the importance of the high-affinity phosphate transport system (the Pst system), PhoR, and glycolipid and ornithine lipid synthases during phosphate limitation. The phosphate-dependent synthesis of MGDG in G20 and the widespread occurrence of the MGDG/GADG synthase among sulfate reducing ∂-Proteobacteria implicate these microbes in the production of abundant MGDG in anaerobic environments where the concentrations of phosphate are lower than 10 μM. Numerous predicted changes in the composition of the cell envelope and systems involved in transport, maintenance of cytoplasmic redox potential, central metabolism and regulatory pathways also suggest an impact of phosphate limitation on the susceptibility of sulfate reducing bacteria to other anthropogenic or environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Bosak
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Ana de Santiago-Torio
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer V Kuehl
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hans K Carlson
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Nicki Watson
- W.M. Keck Microscopy Facility, The Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mirna Daye
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roger E Summons
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Adam M Deutschbauer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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28
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Vadlja D, Koller M, Novak M, Braunegg G, Horvat P. Footprint area analysis of binary imaged Cupriavidus necator cells to study PHB production at balanced, transient, and limited growth conditions in a cascade process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10065-10080. [PMID: 27695913 PMCID: PMC5102984 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Statistical distribution of cell and poly[3-(R)-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) granule size and number of granules per cell are investigated for PHB production in a five-stage cascade (5CSTR). Electron microscopic pictures of cells from individual cascade stages (R1-R5) were converted to binary pictures to visualize footprint areas for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and non-PHA biomass. Results for each stage were correlated to the corresponding experimentally determined kinetics (specific growth rate μ and specific productivity π). Log-normal distribution describes PHA granule size dissimilarity, whereas for R1 and R4, gamma distribution best reflects the situation. R1, devoted to balanced biomass synthesis, predominately contains cells with rather small granules, whereas with increasing residence time τ, maximum and average granule sizes by trend increase, approaching an upper limit determined by the cell's geometry. Generally, an increase of intracellular PHA content and ratio of granule to cell area slow down along the cascade. Further, the number of granules per cell decreases with increasing τ. Data for μ and π obtained by binary picture analysis correlate well with the experimental results. The work describes long-term continuous PHA production under balanced, transient, and nutrient-deficient conditions, as well as their reflection on the granules size, granule number, and cell structure on the microscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vadlja
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Koller
- Office of Research Management and Service, c/o Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/III, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,ARENA Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Ressourcenschonende & Nachhaltige Technologien, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Mario Novak
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gerhart Braunegg
- ARENA Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Ressourcenschonende & Nachhaltige Technologien, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Predrag Horvat
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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29
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Parlane NA, Gupta SK, Rubio-Reyes P, Chen S, Gonzalez-Miro M, Wedlock DN, Rehm BHA. Self-Assembled Protein-Coated Polyhydroxyalkanoate Beads: Properties and Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:3043-3057. [PMID: 33445349 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biological polyesters that can be naturally produced by a range of bacteria as water-insoluble inclusions composed of a PHA core coated with PHA synthesis, structural, and regulatory proteins. These naturally self-assembling shell-core particles have been recently conceived as biomaterials that can be bioengineered as biologically active beads for medical applications. Protein engineering of PHA-associated proteins enabled the production of PHA-protein assemblies exhibiting biologically active protein-based functions relevant for applications as vaccines or diagnostics. Here we provide an overview of the recent advances in bioengineering of PHA particles toward the display of biomedically relevant protein functions such as selected disease-specific antigens as diagnostic tools or for the design of particulate subunit vaccines against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, meningitis, pneumonia, and hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Parlane
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sandeep K Gupta
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Patricia Rubio-Reyes
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Majela Gonzalez-Miro
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - D Neil Wedlock
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Bresan S, Sznajder A, Hauf W, Forchhammer K, Pfeiffer D, Jendrossek D. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Granules Have no Phospholipids. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26612. [PMID: 27222167 PMCID: PMC4879537 DOI: 10.1038/srep26612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules, also designated as carbonosomes, are supra-molecular complexes in prokaryotes consisting of a PHB polymer core and a surface layer of structural and functional proteins. The presence of suspected phospholipids in the surface layer is based on in vitro data of isolated PHB granules and is often shown in cartoons of the PHB granule structure in reviews on PHB metabolism. However, the in vivo presence of a phospholipid layer has never been demonstrated. We addressed this topic by the expression of fusion proteins of DsRed2EC and other fluorescent proteins with the phospholipid-binding domain (LactC2) of lactadherin in three model organisms. The fusion proteins specifically localized at the cell membrane of Ralstonia eutropha but did not co-localize with PHB granules. The same result was obtained for Pseudomonas putida, a species that accumulates another type of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules related to PHB. Notably, DsRed2EC-LactC2 expressed in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense was detected at the position of membrane-enclosed magnetosome chains and at the cytoplasmic membrane but not at PHB granules. In conclusion, the carbonosomes of representatives of α-proteobacteria, β-proteobacteria and γ-proteobacteria have no phospholipids in vivo and we postulate that the PHB/PHA granule surface layers in natural producers generally are free of phospholipids and consist of proteins only.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Sznajder
- Institute of Microbiology, University Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Waldemar Hauf
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany
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Kim M, Kang O, Zhang Y, Ren L, Chang X, Jiang F, Fang C, Zheng C, Peng F. Sphingoaurantiacus polygranulatus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from high-Arctic tundra soil, and emended descriptions of the genera Sandarakinorhabdus, Polymorphobacter and Rhizorhabdus and the species Sandarakinorhabdus limnophila, Rhizorhabdus argentea and Sphingomonas wittichii. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:91-100. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- MyongChol Kim
- China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - OkChol Kang
- China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Yumin Zhang
- China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Lvzhi Ren
- China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xulu Chang
- China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Fan Jiang
- China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Chengxiang Fang
- China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Fang Peng
- China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Muangsuwan W, Ruangsuj P, Chaichanachaicharn P, Yasawong M. A novel nucleic lateral flow assay for screening of PHA-producing haloarchaea. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 116:8-14. [PMID: 26122310 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are important for biodegradable plastic production, and prokaryotes play a very important role in PHA production. PHA synthase is a key enzyme for the polymerization of PHAs. There are four classes of PHA synthase. The phaC gene is necessary for the production of all classes of PHA synthase, whereas the phaE gene is necessary for the production of class III PHA synthase. This gene is a biomarker for microorganisms that contain class III PHA synthase, such as haloarchaea. Standard techniques for screening of PHA-producing haloarchaea require time for culturing and have poor specificity and sensitivity. Thus, the phaE biosensor was developed to overcome these issues. PCR and DNA lateral flow biosensor techniques were combined for construction of the phaE biosensor. The phaE biosensor has a high specificity for PHA-producing haloarchaea. The lowest amount of genomic DNA of Haloquadratum walsbyi DSM 16854 that the phaE gene could be detected by the biosensor was approximately 250 fg. The phaE biosensor can be applied for screening of PHA-producing haloarchaea from environmental samples. The phaE biosensor is easy to handle and dispose. For screening PHA-producing haloarchaea, the phaE biosensor requires less time and costs less than the standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannaporn Muangsuwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Rd., Rajthevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattarawan Ruangsuj
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Rd., Rajthevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pichai Chaichanachaicharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Rd., Rajthevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Montri Yasawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Rd., Rajthevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Xiao N, Jiao N, Liu Y. In vivo and in vitro observations of polyhydroxybutyrate granules formed by Dinoroseobacter sp. JL 1447. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 74:467-75. [PMID: 25498348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules formed by a marine aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacterial strain Dinoroseobacter sp. JL 1447 were detected using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. When Dinoroseobacter sp. JL 1447 was inoculated into a medium with glucose as the sole carbon source, the formation of PHB granules occurred and accumulated with incubation time, reaching their maximum in the stationary phase cultures. PHB granules, formed in the cytoplasm at the cell poles or future cell poles, were remobilized and used by the cells in late stationary complex cultures. When PHB granules formed, cell length elongated from 0.5 to 1.5 μm and spherical protrusions appeared on the cell surface. The French press method was used to break the cells and isolate the PHB granules. The freshly prepared and intact PHB granules were spherical with a soft, smooth outer envelope without visible substructures. Upon treating PHB granules with sodium dodecyl sulfate, the envelope was destroyed and nearly parted from the granules, and uniform, spherical structures with a central pore appeared on the granule surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Yongqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Laycock B, Halley P, Pratt S, Werker A, Lant P. The chemomechanical properties of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jendrossek D, Pfeiffer D. New insights in the formation of polyhydroxyalkanoate granules (carbonosomes) and novel functions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:2357-73. [PMID: 24329995 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and related polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) has been investigated by many groups for about three decades, and good progress was obtained in understanding the mechanisms of biosynthesis and biodegradation of this class of storage molecules. However, the molecular events that happen at the onset of PHB synthesis and the details of the initiation of PHB/PHA granule formation, as well as the complex composition of the proteinaceous surface layer of PHB/PHA granules, have only recently come into the focus of research and were not reviewed yet. In this contribution, we summarize the progress in understanding the initiation and formation of the PHA granule complex at the example of Ralstonia eutropha H16 (model organism of PHB-accumulating bacteria). Where appropriate, we include information on PHA granules of Pseudomonas putida as a representative species for medium-chain-length PHA-accumulating bacteria. We suggest to replace the previous micelle mode of PHB granule formation by the Scaffold Model in which the PHB synthase initiation complex is bound to the bacterial nucleoid. In the second part, we highlight data on other forms of PHB: oligo-PHB with ≈100 to 200 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) units and covalently bound PHB (cPHB) are unrelated in function to storage PHB but are presumably present in all living organisms, and therefore must be of fundamental importance.
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PhaM is the physiological activator of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthase (PhaC1) in Ralstonia eutropha. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:555-63. [PMID: 24212577 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02935-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthase (PhaC1) is the key enzyme of PHB synthesis in Ralstonia eutropha and other PHB-accumulating bacteria and catalyzes the polymerization of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to PHB. Activity assays of R. eutropha PHB synthase are characterized by the presence of lag phases and by low specific activity. It is assumed that the lag phase is caused by the time necessary to convert the inactive PhaC1 monomer into the active dimeric form by an unknown priming process. The lag phase can be reduced by addition of nonionic detergents such as hecameg [6-O-(N-heptyl-carbamoyl)-methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside], which apparently accelerates the formation of PhaC1 dimers. We identified the PHB granule-associated protein (PGAP) PhaM as the natural primer (activator) of PHB synthase activity. PhaM was recently discovered as a novel type of PGAP with multiple functions in PHB metabolism. Addition of PhaM to PHB synthase assays resulted in immediate polymerization of 3HB coenzyme A with high specific activity and without a significant lag phase. The effect of PhaM on (i) PhaC1 activity, (ii) oligomerization of PhaC1, (iii) complex formation with PhaC1, and (iv) PHB granule formation in vitro and in vivo was shown by cross-linking experiments of purified proteins (PhaM, PhaC1) with glutardialdehyde, by size exclusion chromatography, and by fluorescence microscopic detection of de novo-synthesized PHB granules.
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Cao C, Yudin Y, Bikard Y, Chen W, Liu T, Li H, Jendrossek D, Cohen A, Pavlov E, Rohacs T, Zakharian E. Polyester modification of the mammalian TRPM8 channel protein: implications for structure and function. Cell Rep 2013; 4:302-315. [PMID: 23850286 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The TRPM8 ion channel is expressed in sensory neurons and is responsible for sensing environmental cues, such as cold temperatures and chemical compounds, including menthol and icilin. The channel functional activity is regulated by various physical and chemical factors and is likely to be preconditioned by its molecular composition. Our studies indicate that the TRPM8 channel forms a structural-functional complex with the polyester poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). We identified by mass spectrometry a number of PHB-modified peptides in the N terminus of the TRPM8 protein and in its extracellular S3-S4 linker. Removal of PHB by enzymatic hydrolysis and site-directed mutagenesis of both the serine residues that serve as covalent anchors for PHB and adjacent hydrophobic residues that interact with the methyl groups of the polymer resulted in significant inhibition of TRPM8 channel activity. We conclude that the TRPM8 channel undergoes posttranslational modification by PHB and that this modification is required for its normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chike Cao
- New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, 185 South Orange Avenue, MSB H626, Newark NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yevgen Yudin
- New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, 185 South Orange Avenue, MSB H626, Newark NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yann Bikard
- New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, 185 South Orange Avenue, MSB H626, Newark NJ 07103, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center - UMDNJ, Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Building F1105, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Tong Liu
- New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center - UMDNJ, Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Building F1105, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Hong Li
- New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center - UMDNJ, Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Building F1105, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Dieter Jendrossek
- Universität Stuttgart Zentrum für Bioverfahrenstechnik Institut für Mikrobiologie, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alejandro Cohen
- Dalhousie University, Proteomics Core Facility, Clinical Research Centre, Room C-304 5849 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Dalhousie University, Department of Physiology and Biophysics Faculty of Medicine, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, Room 5G, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, 185 South Orange Avenue, MSB H626, Newark NJ 07103, USA
| | - Eleonora Zakharian
- New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, 185 South Orange Avenue, MSB H626, Newark NJ 07103, USA
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, 1 Illini Drive, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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Paracoccus limosus sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge in a sewage treatment plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:1311-1316. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.035212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two strains of Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, coccus-shaped bacteria, designated NB88T and LNB004, were isolated from activated sludge in the Mae-san sewage treatment plant in South Korea. They were characterized in a polyphasic taxonomic study based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic approaches. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains NB88T and LNB004 represented a novel subline within the genus
Paracoccus
in the family
Rhodobacteraceae
. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strains NB88T and LNB004 were indistinguishable and showed 94.5–97.6 % similarity to the type strains of other
Paracoccus
species. Strain NB88T exhibited relatively high levels of DNA hybridization (84±3.5 %) with LNB004 and low hybridization values (<40 %) with type strains of other
Paracoccus
species. Both strains showed chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the genus
Paracoccus
, with Q-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid, and both strains accumulated poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules. The DNA G+C contents of strains NB88T and LNB004 were 66.4 and 65.1 mol%, respectively. The polar lipid profiles of strains NB88T and LNB004 included major amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unknown aminolipid. The taxonomic position of strains NB88T and LNB004 was clarified by the low level of DNA–DNA hybridization with closely related strains and the strains could be distinguished from other recognized species by using biochemical tests and molecular genetic analysis. On the basis of their phenotypic and genotypic properties and their phylogenetic distinctiveness, strains NB88T and LNB004 should be classified in a novel species of the genus
Paracoccus
, for which the name Paracoccus limosus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NB88T ( = KEMC 5401-184T = JCM 17370T); strain LNB004 ( = KEMC 5401-001) is a reference strain.
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Laycock B, Halley P, Pratt S, Werker A, Lant P. The chemomechanical properties of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Development of a transferable bimolecular fluorescence complementation system for the investigation of interactions between poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granule-associated proteins in Gram-negative bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2989-99. [PMID: 23435892 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03965-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granules are organelle-like multienzyme-polymer complexes (carbonosomes) and are widespread storage compounds in prokaryotes. The interaction of three PHB granule-bound proteins (PHB synthase PhaC1, phasin PhaP5, and PHB/DNA binding protein PhaM) was studied in vivo by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) microscopy in Ralstonia eutropha. To this end, a mobilizable 2-plasmid system for arabinose-controlled expression of protein fusions with the N-terminal (YN) and C-terminal (YC) parts of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYfp) in Gram-negative bacteria was developed. Both plasmids were stably expressed in Escherichia coli and in transconjugants of R. eutropha. Homo-oligomerization of PhaC1, PhaP5, and PhaM and interactions between PhaC1 and PhaM and between PhaM and PhaP5 were detected in R. eutropha and colocalized with PHB granules under PHB-permissive conditions. PhaM-PhaC1 complexes were detected near the midcell/nucleoid region in the absence of PHB. Expression of BiFC complexes in R. eutropha with PhaM (PhaM homo-oligomers or PhaM-PhaC1 or PhaM-PhaP5 complexes) resulted in substantial cell elongation compared to wild-type cells and in BiFC signals that were generally located near the midcell/nucleoid region. Western blot analysis of wild-type cell extracts and proteome analysis of PHB granule-bound proteins revealed that PhaM and PhaP5 are expressed in R. eutropha and that PhaM is constitutively expressed independently of the presence or absence of PHB. Size exclusion chromatography analysis in combination with cross-linking experiments of purified PhaP5-His6 and PhaM-His6 showed that PhaP5 forms dimers and that PhaM is present in oligomeric (dodecamer) form. Implications of this finding for subcellular PHB localization and initiation of PHB granule formation in R. eutropha will be discussed.
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Dazzi A, Prater CB, Hu Q, Chase DB, Rabolt JF, Marcott C. AFM-IR: combining atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy for nanoscale chemical characterization. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:1365-84. [PMID: 23231899 DOI: 10.1366/12-06804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymer and life science applications of a technique that combines atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to obtain nanoscale IR spectra and images are reviewed. The AFM-IR spectra generated from this technique contain the same information with respect to molecular structure as conventional IR spectroscopy measurements, allowing significant leverage of existing expertise in IR spectroscopy. The AFM-IR technique can be used to acquire IR absorption spectra and absorption images with spatial resolution on the 50 to 100 nm scale, versus the scale of many micrometers or more for conventional IR spectroscopy. In the life sciences, experiments have demonstrated the capacity to perform chemical spectroscopy at the sub-cellular level. Specifically, the AFM-IR technique provides a label-free method for mapping IR-absorbing species in biological materials. On the polymer side, AFM-IR was used to map the IR absorption properties of polymer blends, multilayer films, thin films for active devices such as organic photovoltaics, microdomains in a semicrystalline polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer, as well as model pharmaceutical blend systems. The ability to obtain spatially resolved IR spectra as well as high-resolution chemical images collected at specific IR wavenumbers was demonstrated. Complementary measurements mapping variations in sample stiffness were also obtained by tracking changes in the cantilever contact resonance frequency. Finally, it was shown that by taking advantage of the ability to arbitrarily control the polarization direction of the IR excitation laser, it is possible to obtain important information regarding molecular orientation in electrospun nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dazzi
- Laboratorie de Chimi Physique, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Wahl A, Schuth N, Pfeiffer D, Nussberger S, Jendrossek D. PHB granules are attached to the nucleoid via PhaM in Ralstonia eutropha. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:262. [PMID: 23157596 PMCID: PMC3556143 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granules are important storage compounds of carbon and energy in many prokaryotes which allow survival of the cells in the absence of suitable carbon sources. Formation and subcellular localization of PHB granules was previously assumed to occur randomly in the cytoplasm of PHB accumulating bacteria. However, contradictionary results on subcellular localization of PHB granules in Ralstonia eutropha were published, recently. RESULTS Here, we provide evidence by transmission electron microscopy that PHB granules are localized in close contact to the nucleoid region in R. eutropha during growth on nutrient broth. Binding of PHB granules to the nucleoid is mediated by PhaM, a PHB granule associated protein with phasin-like properties that is also able to bind to DNA and to phasin PhaP5. Over-expression of PhaM resulted in formation of many small PHB granules that were always attached to the nucleoid region. In contrast, PHB granules of ∆phaM strains became very large and distribution of granules to daughter cells was impaired. Association of PHB granules to the nucleoid region was prevented by over-expression of PhaP5 and clusters of several PHB granules were mainly localized near the cell poles. CONCLUSION Subcellular localization of PHB granules is controlled in R. eutropha and depends on the presence and concentrations of at least two PHB granule associated proteins, PhaM and PhaP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wahl
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart 70550, Germany
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Localization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granule-associated proteins during PHB granule formation and identification of two new phasins, PhaP6 and PhaP7, in Ralstonia eutropha H16. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:5909-21. [PMID: 22923598 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00779-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granules are covered by a surface layer consisting of mainly phasins and other PHB granule-associated proteins (PGAPs). Phasins are small amphiphilic proteins that determine the number and size of accumulated PHB granules. Five phasin proteins (PhaP1 to PhaP5) are known for Ralstonia eutropha. In this study, we identified three additional potential phasin genes (H16_B1988, H16_B2296, and H16_B2326) by inspection of the R. eutropha genome for sequences with "phasin 2 motifs." To determine whether the corresponding proteins represent true PGAPs, fusions with eYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) were constructed. Similar fusions of eYFP with PhaP1 to PhaP5 as well as fusions with PHB synthase (PhaC1), an inactive PhaC1 variant (PhaC1-C319A), and PhaC2 were also made. All fusions were investigated in wild-type and PHB-negative backgrounds. Colocalization with PHB granules was found for all PhaC variants and for PhaP1 to PhaP5. Additionally, eYFP fusions with H16_B1988 and H16_B2326 colocalized with PHB. Fusions of H16_B2296 with eYFP, however, did not colocalize with PHB granules but did colocalize with the nucleoid region. Notably, all fusions (except H16_B2296) were soluble in a ΔphaC1 strain. These data confirm that H16_B1988 and H16_B2326 but not H16_B2296 encode true PGAPs, for which we propose the designation PhaP6 (H16_B1988) and PhaP7 (H16_B2326). When localization of phasins was investigated at different stages of PHB accumulation, fusions of PhaP6 and PhaP7 were soluble in the first 3 h under PHB-permissive conditions, although PHB granules appeared after 10 min. At later time points, the fusions colocalized with PHB. Remarkably, PHB granules of strains expressing eYFP fusions with PhaP5, PhaP6, or PhaP7 localized predominantly near the cell poles or in the area of future septum formation. This phenomenon was not observed for the other PGAPs (PhaP1 to PhaP4, PhaC1, PhaC1-C319A, and PhaC2) and indicated that some phasins can have additional functions. A chromosomal deletion of phaP6 or phaP7 had no visible effect on formation of PHB granules.
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Analysis of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate production by multimodal nanoimaging. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:369-74. [PMID: 22634017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we will employ two microscopy techniques, transmission electron microscopy and infrared nanospectromicroscopy, to study the production of polyhydroxybutyrate in Rhodobacter capsulatus and to evaluate the influence of glucose and acetone on the production yield. The results overlap which leads us to a consistent conclusion, highlighting that each technique brings specific and complementary information. By using electron microscopy and infrared nanospectromicroscopy we have proved that both glucose and acetone had a positive effect on the biopolymer production, although the first study done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy only identified the effect of acetone. In conclusion, we have now established a method to be able to perform fast diagnostic for PHB production.
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Growth and localization of polyhydroxybutyrate granules in Ralstonia eutropha. J Bacteriol 2011; 194:1092-9. [PMID: 22178974 DOI: 10.1128/jb.06125-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Ralstonia eutropha forms cytoplasmic granules of polyhydroxybutyrate that are a source of biodegradable thermoplastic. While much is known about the biochemistry of polyhydroxybutyrate production, the cell biology of granule formation and growth remains unclear. Previous studies have suggested that granules form either in the inner membrane, on a central scaffold, or in the cytoplasm. Here we used electron cryotomography to monitor granule genesis and development in 3 dimensions (3-D) in a near-native, "frozen-hydrated" state in intact Ralstonia eutropha cells. Neither nascent granules within the cell membrane nor scaffolds were seen. Instead, granules of all sizes resided toward the center of the cytoplasm along the length of the cell and exhibited a discontinuous surface layer more consistent with a partial protein coating than either a lipid mono- or bilayer. Putatively fusing granules were also seen, suggesting that small granules are continually generated and then grow and merge. Together, these observations support a model of biogenesis wherein granules form in the cytoplasm coated not by phospholipid but by protein. Previous thin-section electron microscopy (EM), fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results to the contrary may reflect both differences in nucleoid condensation and specimen preparation-induced artifacts.
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Pfeiffer D, Wahl A, Jendrossek D. Identification of a multifunctional protein, PhaM, that determines number, surface to volume ratio, subcellular localization and distribution to daughter cells of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, granules in Ralstonia eutropha H16. Mol Microbiol 2011; 82:936-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Pfeiffer D, Jendrossek D. Interaction between poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granule-associated proteins as revealed by two-hybrid analysis and identification of a new phasin in Ralstonia eutropha H16. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:2795-2807. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.051508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of polypeptides are attached to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granules of Ralstonia eutropha, such as PHB synthase (PhaC1), several PHB depolymerases (PhaZs) and phasins (PhaPs), the regulator protein PhaR
Reu
, and possibly others. In this study we used the bacterial adenylate cyclase-based two-hybrid assay to investigate interactions between known PHB granule-associated proteins (PGAPs) and to screen for new PGAPs. The utility of the system was tested by the in vivo verification of previously postulated interactions of the PHB synthase subunits of R. eutropha (PhaC1 homo-oligomerization) and of Bacillus megaterium (PhaC
Bmeg
–PhaR
Bmeg
hetero-oligomerization). Nine proteins (PhaA, PhaB1, PhaC1, PhaP1–PhaP4, PhaZ1 and PhaR), with established functions in PHB metabolism of R. eutropha, were tested for interaction in all combinations. While no significant interaction was detected between the PHB synthase PhaC1 and any of the other eight tested Pha proteins, strong interactions were found between all phasin proteins, in particular between PhaP2 and PhaP4. When PhaP2 was used as bait in a two-hybrid screening experiment with a genomic library of R. eutropha, the B1934 gene product was identified in 24 out of 53 isolated clones. B1934 encodes a hypothetical protein (15.7 kDa) with similarity to phasins of PHB-accumulating bacteria. A fusion protein of eYfp and the B1934 gene product colocalized with PHB granules, confirming that B1934 represents a new phasin (PhaP5). PhaP5 was not essential for PHB granule formation, but overexpression of PhaP5 increased the number of cells with PHB granules at the cell poles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pfeiffer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dieter Jendrossek
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
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Lee M, Woo SG, Park G, Kim MK. Paracoccus caeni sp. nov., isolated from sludge. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:1968-1972. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.017897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, non-motile bacterium, designated MJ17T, was isolated from sludge at the Daejeon sewage disposal plant in South Korea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MJ17T belonged to the genus Paracoccus in the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain MJ17T and type strains of species of the genus Paracoccus were 94.1–97.4 %. The highest similarities were between strain MJ17T and Paracoccus homiensis DD-R11T, Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588T and Paracoccus alcaliphilus JCM 7364T (97.4, 97.2 and 96.3 %, respectively). Strain MJ17T exhibited <22 % DNA–DNA relatedness with P. homiensis KACC 11518T and P. zeaxanthinifaciens JCM 21774T. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 58.7 mol%. Strain MJ17T contained ubiquinone Q-10. The major fatty acids were C18 : 0 (11.3 %), C16 : 0 (10.2 %) and summed feature 7 (containing one or more of C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 1ω12t; 54.3 %). Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules are formed. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain MJ17T should be classified in a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus caeni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MJ17T ( = KCTC 22480T = JCM 16385T = KEMB 9004-001T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungjin Lee
- Research and Development Division, H-Plus Eco Ltd, BVC #301, KRIBB, Eoeun-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Geun Woo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Division, H-Plus Eco Ltd, BVC #301, KRIBB, Eoeun-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Giho Park
- Daewoo Institute of Construction Technology, 60 Songjuk-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 440-210, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Kyum Kim
- Department of Bio & Environmental Technology, Division of Environmental & Life Science, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University, 623 Hwarangno, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-774, Republic of Korea
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Mumtaz T, Abd-Aziz S, Rahman NA, Yee PL, Wasoh H, Shirai Y, Hassan MA. Visualization of Core-Shell PHBV Granules of Wild TypeComamonassp. EB172In Vivounder Transmission Electron Microscope. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2011.569990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wei YH, Chen WC, Wu HS, Janarthanan OM. Biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterial, polyhydroxybutyrate, produced by an indigenous Vibrio sp. BM-1 isolated from marine environment. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:615-624. [PMID: 21731553 PMCID: PMC3124976 DOI: 10.3390/md9040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is one of the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) which has biodegradable and biocompatible properties. They are adopted in the biomedical field, in, for example, medical implants and drug delivery carriers. This study seeks to promote the production of PHB by Vibrio sp. BM-1, isolated from a marine environment by improving constituents of medium and implementing an appropriate fermentation strategy. This study successfully developed a glycerol-yeast extract-tryptone (GYT) medium that can facilitate the growth of Vibrio sp. BM-1 and lead to the production of 1.4 g/L PHB at 20 h cultivation. This study also shows that 1.57 g/L PHB concentration and 16% PHB content were achieved, respectively, when Vibrio sp. BM-1 was cultivated with MS-GYT medium (mineral salts-supplemented GYT medium) for 12 h. Both cell dry weight (CDW) and residual CDW remained constant at around 8.2 g/L and 8.0 g/L after the 12 h of cultivation, until the end of the experiment. However, both 16% of PHB content and 1.57 g/L of PHB production decreased rapidly to 3% and 0.25 g/L, respectively from 12 h of cultivation to 40 h of cultivation. The results suggest that the secretion of PHB depolymerase that might be caused by the addition of mineral salts reduced PHB after 12 h of cultivation. However, work will be done to explain the effect of adding mineral salts on the production of PHB by Vibrio sp. BM-1 in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Wei
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-C.C.); (O.-M.J.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-4638800; Fax: +886-3-4334667
| | - Wei-Chuan Chen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-C.C.); (O.-M.J.)
| | - Ho-Shing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Om-Murugan Janarthanan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-C.C.); (O.-M.J.)
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