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Liu Z, Lin H, Zhu X, Wu X, Wu C, Obajemihi OI, Liu X, Su W, Liu G, Li Y, Xu X, Yang J, Sun Q. Characterization of the extracellular proteases from Bacillus inaquosorum strain E1-8 and its application in the preparation of hydrolysates from plant and animal proteins with antioxidant, antifreeze and anti-browning properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39253993 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus inaquosorum strains is widely recognized for their plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol capabilities, yet their roles in protease production remain unclear. The present study aimed to comprehensively assess the protease-producing performance of B. inaquosorum strain E1-8, at the same time as exploring the novel application of agricultural Bacillus proteases in the preparation of protein hydrolysates for fresh-cut fruits preservation. RESULTS First, genomic sequencing revealed the diversity of E1-8 proteases, indicating 15 putative extracellular proteases. Subsequently, the fermentation conditions for E1-8 protease production were optimized, with sweet potato powder and soybean meal identified as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, resulting in a maximum protease activity of 321.48 U mL-1. Upon culturing the strain under these optimized conditions, only an S8 family serine protease and an M48 family metalloprotease were revealed by secretomic analysis and protease inhibitor assays. Additionally, the optimal protease conditions for generating protein hydrolysates from soy, pea, fish and porcine proteins were determined. The molecular weight of the hydrolysates primarily ranged from 2000 to 180 Da, with a total of 17 amino acids identified. The application of these hydrolysates demonstrated a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (i.e. DPPH) scavenging activity ranging from 58.64% to 84.12%, significantly reducing of the melting peaks and the freezing points. Furthermore, the browning index of apple slices stored at 4 °C decreased by 14.81% to 22.15% on the second day, and similar effects were observed in fresh-cut banana stored at 4 °C for 7 days. CONCLUSION The protein hydrolysates obtained exhibit remarkable antioxidant, antifreeze and anti-browning properties for fresh-cut fruits. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huawei Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueying Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Xinyi Liu
- Royal Agricultural University Joint Institute for Advanced Agritechnology at QAU, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenrui Su
- Royal Agricultural University Joint Institute for Advanced Agritechnology at QAU, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingfeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
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Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of Potential Probiotics Isolated from Korean Fermented Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710062. [PMID: 36077456 PMCID: PMC9455991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of sixteen bacterial strains were isolated and identified from the fourteen types of Korean fermented foods that were evaluated for their in vitro probiotic potentials. The results showed the highest survivability for Bacillus sp. compared to Lactobacillus sp. in simulated gastric pH, and it was found to be maximum for B. inaquosorum KNUAS016 (8.25 ± 0.08 log10 CFU/mL) and minimum for L. sakei KNUAS019 (0.8 ± 0.02 log10 CFU/mL) at 3 h of incubation. Furthermore, B. inaquosorum KNUAS016 and L. brevis KNUAS017 also had the highest survival rates of 6.86 ± 0.02 and 5.37 ± 0.01 log10 CFU/mL, respectively, in a simulated intestinal fluid condition at 4 h of incubation. The percentage of autoaggregation at 6 h for L. sakei KNUAS019 (66.55 ± 0.33%), B. tequilensis KNUAS015 (64.56 ± 0.14%), and B. inaquosorum KNUAS016 (61.63 ± 0.19%) was >60%, whereas it was lower for L. brevis KNUAS017 (29.98 ± 0.09%). Additionally, B. subtilis KNUAS003 showed higher coaggregation at 63.84 ± 0.19% while B. proteolyticus KNUAS001 found at 30.02 ± 0.33%. Among them, Lactobacillus sp. showed the best non-hemolytic activity. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was observed in L. sakei KNUAS019 (58.25% and 71.88%). The cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus sp. considerably inhibited pathogenic growth, while the cell-free supernatant of Bacillus sp. was moderately inhibited when incubated for 24 h. However, the overall results found that B. subtilis KNUAS003, B. proteolyticus KNUAS012, L. brevis KNUAS017, L. graminis KNUAS018, and L. sakei KNUAS019 were recognized as potential probiotics through different functional and toxicity assessments.
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Supplementation of ex situ produced bioflocs improves immune response against AHPND in Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3751-3764. [PMID: 35562491 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of Vibrio diseases, including acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio spp., had resulted in heavy losses in global shrimp production. Biofloc technology is a closed aquaculture system developed as one of the sustainable solutions to increase system resilience in the shrimp industry. In this study, biofloc was formed externally (ex situ biofloc) with probiotics Bacillus sp. strain BME and Bacillus sp. strain BCE, diatom microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans, and a consortium of nitrifying bacteria, in the ratio of 1:1:6:6 as a starter. The study showed that the ex situ biofloc supplementation in Pacific whiteleg shrimp (L. vannamei) postlarvae culture can increase the shrimp culture performance (shrimp survival and growth), reduce Vibrio counts in the water and shrimp body, and provide stimulation of the shrimp immune response through humoral immune responses, such as pattern recognition protein (C-type lectin) and melanization process (proPO). Overall, the results indicate that the supplementation of ex situ biofloc provided protection to shrimp under Vibrio infection, regardless of the timing of addition (before, simultaneously, or after addition of Vibrio sp. strain VPA). This suggests that the ex situ biofloc can be effective as a preventive and a supportive treatment against potential AHPND infection in L. vannamei postlarvae culture. Taken together, the ability of the ex situ biofloc to modulate immune-related gene expression and resistance of L. vannamei against potentially AHPND-causing Vibrio sp. strain makes it an effective aquaculture technology for infectious disease control in shrimp production with high-density and minimal water exchange culture. KEY POINTS: • Supplementation of ex situ produced biofloc in shrimp postlarvae culture. • Ex situ biofloc reduces Vibrio counts in the water and shrimp body. • Ex situ biofloc stimulates shrimp humoral immune responses and survival.
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Noman E, Al-Gheethi A, Radin Mohamed RMS, Talip B, Al-Sahari M, Al-Shaibani M. Quantitative microbiological risk assessment of complex microbial community in Prawn farm wastewater and applicability of nanoparticles and probiotics for eliminating of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126418. [PMID: 34171673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current review highlighted the quantitative microbiological risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Prawn farm wastewaters (PFWWs) and the applicability of nanoparticles for eliminating antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). The high availability of the antibiotics in the environment and their transmission into human through the food-chain might cause unknown health effects. The aquaculture environments are considered as a reservoir for the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and contributed effectively in the increasing of ABR. The metagenomic analysis is used to explore ARGs in the non-clinical environment. V. parahaemolyticus is among the pathogenic bacteria which are transmitted through sea food causing human acute gastroenteritis due to available thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), adhesins, TDH related hemolysin (trh). The inactivation of pathogenic bacteria using nanoparticles act by disturbing the cell membrane, interrupting the transport system, DNA and mitochondria damage, and oxidizing the cellular component by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The chloramphenicol, nitrofurans, and nitroimidazole are among the prohibited drugs in fish and fishery product. The utilization of probiotics is the most effective and safe alternative for antibiotics in Prawn aquaculture. This review will ensure public understanding among the readers on how they can decrease the risk of the antimicrobial resistance distribution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efaq Noman
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Yemen; Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Higher Education Hub, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84000 Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Balkis Talip
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Higher Education Hub, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84000 Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Al-Sahari
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhanna Al-Shaibani
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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Bi Y, Liu G, Yu Q, Liang Q, Xu Z, Cui M, Zhang Q, Xu D. Anti-Vibrio dibutyl phthalate from marine-derived Streptomyces sp. S073. Res Vet Sci 2021; 140:198-202. [PMID: 34525439 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Marine Streptomyces S073 was previously shown to have strong anti-Vibrio activity, and its antibacterial mechanism was proposed to be associated with siderophore-mediated iron competition and other antagonistic agents. In this study, anti-Vibrio compounds produced by S073 were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation using column chromatography and HPLC, and the target compound in the most active fraction was identified as dibutyl phthalate (DBP) by various spectroscopic analyses, including EI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The DBP-producing capacity of S073 was 2.39 mg/L in ISP1 culture media. Pure DBP was demonstrated to have strong inhibitory activity on Vibiro parahaemolyticus growth with an MIC of 31.25 mg/L. When standard DBP was supplemented into the S073 fermentation broth in a gradient method, an additive inhibitory effect on V. parahaemolyticus was observed, indicating the important role of DBP in driving anti-Vibrio activity in S073 metabolites pool. A synergistic additive effect between DBP and florfenicol was observed in the Vibrio inhibition. These results indicate that, to achieve Vibrio-inhibition, S073 exerted multifaceted strategies, which included DBP-mediated antagonism and siderophore-governed iron competition. The application potential of S073 as an aquaculture probiotic was evaluated, and the safety risks associated with the endocrine disruptor attributes of DBP were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Bi
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ganxing Liu
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qiushi Yu
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qiting Liang
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhongheng Xu
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Qizhong Zhang
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Delin Xu
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Two PAAR Proteins with Different C-Terminal Extended Domains Have Distinct Ecological Functions in Myxococcus xanthus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.00080-21. [PMID: 33608292 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00080-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial proline-alanine-alanine-arginine (PAAR) proteins are located at the top of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) nanomachine and carry and deliver effectors into neighboring cells. Many PAAR proteins are fused with a variable C-terminal extended domain (CTD). Here, we report that two paar-ctd genes (MXAN_RS08765 and MXAN_RS36995) located in two homologous operons are involved in different ecological functions of Myxococcus xanthus MXAN_RS08765 inhibited the growth of plant-pathogenic fungi, while MXAN_RS36995 was associated with the colony-merger incompatibility of M. xanthus cells. These two PAAR-CTD proteins were both toxic to Escherichia coli cells, while MXAN_RS08765, but not MXAN_RS36995, was also toxic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Their downstream adjacent genes, i.e., MXAN_RS08760 and MXAN_RS24590, protected against the toxicities. The MXAN_RS36995 protein was demonstrated to have nuclease activity, and the activity was inhibited by the presence of MXAN_RS24590. Our results highlight that the PAAR proteins diversify the CTDs to play divergent roles in M. xanthus IMPORTANCE The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial cell contact-dependent weapon capable of delivering protein effectors into neighboring cells. The PAAR protein is located at the top of the nanomachine and carries an effector for delivery. Many PAAR proteins are extended with a diverse C-terminal sequence with an unknown structure and function. Here, we report two paar-ctd genes located in two homologous operons involved in different ecological functions of Myxococcus xanthus; one has antifungal activity, and the other is associated with the kin discrimination phenotype. The PAAR-CTD proteins and the proteins encoded by their downstream genes form two toxin-immunity protein pairs. We demonstrated that the C-terminal diversification of the PAAR-CTD proteins enriches the ecological functions of bacterial cells.
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