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The Cross-Talk between Polyphenols and the Target Enzymes Related to Oxidative Stress-Induced Thyroid Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2724324. [PMID: 35571253 PMCID: PMC9098327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2724324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The most serious hallmark step of carcinogenesis is oxidative stress, which induces cell DNA damage. Although in normal conditions ROS are important second messengers, in pathological conditions such as cancer, due to imbalanced redox enzyme expression, oxidative stress can occur. Recent studies with firmly established evidence suggest an interdependence between oxidative stress and thyroid cancer based on thyroid hormone synthesis. Indeed, a reduced antioxidant defense system might play a part in several steps of progression in thyroid cancer. Based on studies that have been conducted previously, future drug designs for targeting enzymatic ROS sources, as a single agent or in combination, have to be tested. Polyphenols represent the potential for modulating biological events in thyroid cancer, including antioxidative activity. Targeting enzymatic ROS sources, without affecting the physiological redox state, might be an important purpose. As regards the underlying chemopreventive mechanisms of natural compounds that have been discussed in other cancer models, the confirmation of the influence of polyphenols on thyroid cancer is inconclusive and rarely available. Therefore, there is a need for further scientific investigations into the features of the antioxidative effects of polyphenols on thyroid cancer. The current review illustrates the association between some polyphenols and the key enzymes that take place in oxidation reactions in developing thyroid cancer cells. This review gives the main points of the enzymatic ROS sources act and redox signaling in normal physiological or pathological contexts and supplies a survey of the currently available modulators of TPO, LOX, NOX, DUOX, Nrf2, and LPO derived from polyphenols.
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Gao T, Ye F, Yuan F, Liu Z, Liu W, Zhou D, Yang K, Guo R, Wang N, Zhang T, Zhou R, Tian Y. Green tea polyphenols inhibit growth, pathogenicity and metabolomics profiles of Streptococcus suis. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105421. [PMID: 35114350 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (SS) is an important pathogen in pigs and can also cause severe infection in humans. Currently, more and more drug resistance is reported, resulting in the search for new drugs being needed urgently. Green tea polyphenols (GTP) was reported to inhibit many bacteria. However, SS response to GTP has not been studied before. In this report, the effect of GTP on growth, cell integrity, pathogenicity and metabolic pathway of SS was examined. The GTP inhibited growth, led to cellular damage, and attenuated pathogenicity of SS. Finally, GTP affected many important metabolic pathways of SS, such as ABC transporters, pyrimidine metabolism, protein digestion and absorption. The results provide new insight into the prevention and control of SS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Zięba S, Maciejczyk M, Zalewska A. Ethanol- and Cigarette Smoke-Related Alternations in Oral Redox Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2022; 12:793028. [PMID: 35153810 PMCID: PMC8832011 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.793028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse as well as smoking cigarettes has been proven to negatively affect the oral environment. The aim of this work was to provide a systematic review of the literature on the influence of ethanol and cigarette smoking on oral redox homeostasis. A search was performed for scientific articles indexed in the PubMed, Medline and Web of Science databases. We identified 32,300 articles, of which 54 were used for the final review, including the results from 2000 to 2021. Among the publications used to write this article, n = 14 were related to the influence of alcohol consumption (clinical studies n = 6, experimental studies n = 8) and n = 40 were related to the influence of smoking (clinical studies n = 33, experimental studies n = 7) on oral redox homeostasis. The reviewed literature indicates that alcohol abusers and smokers are more likely to suffer from salivary gland dysfunction, as well as develop precancerous lesions due to DNA damage. Compared to alcohol abstainers and non-smokers, alcohol drinkers and smokers are also characterized by a deterioration in periodontal health measured by various indicators of periodontal status. In summary, alcohol abuse and smoking are associated with disrupted oral redox homeostasis, which may lead not only to tooth loss, but also contribute to various adverse effects related to mental health, digestive processes and chronic inflammation throughout the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zięba
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Sara Zięba, ;
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Abalaka SE, Oyelowo FO, Akande MG, Tenuche OZ, Sani NA, Adeyemo BT, Idoko IS, Ogbe AO, Ejeh SA. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, vitamin C, and taurine co-exposures on calcium and metallothionein levels, oxidative stress, and gill histopathological changes in Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52258-52271. [PMID: 34003442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium aquatic environmental pollution poses great threats to fish and their would-be consumers. The present work investigated the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (EAEMOL), vitamin C, and taurine co-exposures on calcium and metallothionein levels, oxidative stress, and gill histopathological changes in Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal cadmium (CdCl2) for 28 days. Fish were exposed to CdCl2 only (1.048 mg/L) as well as co-exposed with EAEMOL (20 mg/L), vitamin C (5 mg/L), and taurine (5 mg/L) separately. There was significant (p < 0.05) deterioration in fish water quality with increasing exposure period but no significant (p > 0.05) changes occurred between the exposed groups. However, the co-exposure of EAEMOL, vitamin C, and taurine did not significantly (p > 0.05) improve the CdCl2-induced fish water quality deterioration. Sub-lethal exposure to CdCl2 only caused significant (p < 0.05) increase in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver metallothionein (MT) levels with significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum catalase activity only. However, EAEMOL, vitamin C, and taurine co-exposures did not significantly (p > 0.05) improve the MDA, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione activities, as well as MT and calcium (Ca2+) levels, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and gill histopathological changes induced by the CdCl2 exposure. Similarly, none of the present exposures, CdCl2 only or its co-exposures with EAEMOL, vitamin C, and taurine significantly (p > 0.05) altered the normal functioning of the gills despite the observed histopathological changes based on the degree of tissue change protocol. Therefore, EAEMOL, vitamin C, and taurine co-exposures, as administered in the present case, did not considerably alter the physicochemical parameters of the experimental fish water. However, outside significantly (p < 0.05) increasing MDA level, EAEMOL, vitamin C, and taurine co-exposures did not significantly (p > 0.05) improve the CdCl2-induced Ca2+, MT, CF, HSI, and gill histopathological alterations by sub-lethal CdCl2 exposure of C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson E Abalaka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Fatima O Oyelowo
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Motunrayo G Akande
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oremeyi Z Tenuche
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nuhu A Sani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bolade T Adeyemo
- Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Idoko S Idoko
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adamu O Ogbe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sunday A Ejeh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
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Mehdi MM, Solanki P, Singh P. Oxidative stress, antioxidants, hormesis and calorie restriction: The current perspective in the biology of aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 95:104413. [PMID: 33845417 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging, in a large measure, has long been defined as the resultant of oxidative stress acting on the cells. The cellular machinery eventually malfunctions at the basic level by the damage from the processes of oxidation and the system starts slowing down because of intrinsic eroding. To understand the initial destruction at the cellular level spreading outward to affect tissues, organs and the organism, the relationship between molecular damage and oxidative stress is required to understand. Retarding the aging process is a matter of cumulatively decreasing the rate of oxidative damage to the cellular machinery. Along with the genetic reasons, the decrease of oxidative stress is somehow a matter of lifestyle and importantly of diet. In the current review, the theories of aging and the understanding of various levels of molecular damage by oxidative stress have been emphasized. A broader understanding of mechanisms of aging have been elaborated in terms of effects of oxidative at molecular, mitochondrial, cellular and organ levels. The antioxidants supplementation, hormesis and calorie restriction as the prominent anti-aging strategies have also been discussed. The relevance and the efficacy of the antiaging strategies at system level have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Murtaza Mehdi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bio-engineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Preeti Solanki
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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do Carmo MAV, Granato D, Azevedo L. Antioxidant/pro-oxidant and antiproliferative activities of phenolic-rich foods and extracts: A cell-based point of view. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 98:253-280. [PMID: 34507644 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have demonstrated several in vitro beneficial properties by acting as antioxidant and pro-oxidant agents. This chapter approaches the relationship among oxidative stress, cancer, phenolic compounds and antiproliferative activity. Moreover, it discusses in vitro techniques and their biological applications, regarding cell viability and intracellular measure of reactive oxygen assays. The in vitro methods are important tools for screening and understanding the pathways involved on antiproliferative and antioxidant/pro-oxidant effects of phenolic compounds. These findings open avenues for the development of innovative food, chemical structures, technological applications and future perspectives in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Federal University of Alfenas, Nutrition Faculty, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide by Quinones: How Polyphenols Initiate Their Cytoprotective Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020961. [PMID: 33478045 PMCID: PMC7835830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that autoxidized polyphenolic nutraceuticals oxidize H2S to polysulfides and thiosulfate and this may convey their cytoprotective effects. Polyphenol reactivity is largely attributed to the B ring, which is usually a form of hydroxyquinone (HQ). Here, we examine the effects of HQs on sulfur metabolism using H2S- and polysulfide-specific fluorophores (AzMC and SSP4, respectively) and thiosulfate sensitive silver nanoparticles (AgNP). In buffer, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (1,4-DB), 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ), pyrogallol (PG) and gallic acid (GA) oxidized H2S to polysulfides and thiosulfate, whereas 1,2-DB, 1,3-DB, 1,2-dihydroxy,3,4-benzoquinone and shikimic acid did not. In addition, 1,4-DB, 1,4-BQ, PG and GA also increased polysulfide production in HEK293 cells. In buffer, H2S oxidation by 1,4-DB was oxygen-dependent, partially inhibited by tempol and trolox, and absorbance spectra were consistent with redox cycling between HQ autoxidation and H2S-mediated reduction. Neither 1,2-DB, 1,3-DB, 1,4-DB nor 1,4-BQ reduced polysulfides to H2S in either 21% or 0% oxygen. Epinephrine and norepinephrine also oxidized H2S to polysulfides and thiosulfate; dopamine and tyrosine were ineffective. Polyphenones were also examined, but only 2,5-dihydroxy- and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenones oxidized H2S. These results show that H2S is readily oxidized by specific hydroxyquinones and quinones, most likely through the formation of a semiquinone radical intermediate derived from either reaction of oxygen with the reduced quinones, or from direct reaction between H2S and quinones. We propose that polysulfide production by these reactions contributes to the health-promoting benefits of polyphenolic nutraceuticals.
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Bekhet OH. Disinfectants and pH synergistically inactivate Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525: insights into cellular redox homeostasis and ultrastructure. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1969277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hussein Bekhet
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Procter & Gamle Newcastle Innovation Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
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Ruta LL, Oprea E, Popa CV, Farcasanu IC. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking transcription factors Skn7 or Yap1 exhibit different susceptibility to cyanidin. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05352. [PMID: 33145450 PMCID: PMC7592074 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanidins – the aglycone moiety of anthocyanins – are responsible for the antioxidant traits and for many of the health benefits brought by the consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods, but whether excessive anthocyanidins are deleterious to living organisms is still a matter of debate. In the present study we used the model eukaryotic microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to evaluate the potential toxicity of cyanidin, one of the most prevalent anthocyanidins found in berries, grapes, purple vegetables, and red wine. We found that yeast cells lacking the transcription factors responsible for regulating the response to oxidative stress – Skn7 and Yap1 – exhibited different sensitivities to cyanidin. Cells lacking the transcription factor Skn7 were sensitive to low concentrations of cyanidin, a trait that was augmented by exposure to visible light, notably blue or green light. In contrast, the growth of yeast cells devoid of Yap1 was stimulated by low concentrations, but it was impaired by high cyanidin exposure. High, but not low cyanidin was shown to induce Yap1 translocation from cytosol to nucleus, probably by generating reactive oxygen species such as H2O2. Taken together, these observation suggested that Skn7 and Yap1 have complementary roles in adaptation to cyanidin stress, with Skn7 involved in adaptation to low concentrations and with Yap1 responsible for adaptation to high concentrations of cyanidin. The results imply that caution is needed when utilizing cyanidin-enriched supplements, especially when in combination with prolonged exposure to visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Liliana Ruta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia Valentina Popa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Cornelia Farcasanu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Olson KR, Briggs A, Devireddy M, Iovino NA, Skora NC, Whelan J, Villa BP, Yuan X, Mannam V, Howard S, Gao Y, Minnion M, Feelisch M. Green tea polyphenolic antioxidants oxidize hydrogen sulfide to thiosulfate and polysulfides: A possible new mechanism underpinning their biological action. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101731. [PMID: 33002760 PMCID: PMC7527747 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matcha and green tea catechins such as (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have long been studied for their antioxidant and health-promoting effects. Using specific fluorophores for H2S (AzMC) and polysulfides (SSP4) as well as IC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS-based techniques we here show that popular Japanese and Chinese green teas and select catechins all catalytically oxidize hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to polysulfides with the potency of EGC > EGCG >> EG. This reaction is accompanied by the formation of sulfite, thiosulfate and sulfate, consumes oxygen and is partially inhibited by the superoxide scavenger, tempol, and superoxide dismutase but not mannitol, trolox, DMPO, or the iron chelator, desferrioxamine. We propose that the reaction proceeds via a one-electron autoxidation process during which one of the OH-groups of the catechin B-ring is autooxidized to a semiquinone radical and oxygen is reduced to superoxide, either of which can then oxidize HS− to thiyl radicals (HS•) which react to form hydrogen persulfide (H2S2). H2S oxidation reduces the B-ring back to the hydroquinone for recycling while the superoxide is reduced to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Matcha and catechins also concentration-dependently and rapidly produce polysulfides in HEK293 cells with the potency order EGCG > EGC > EG, an EGCG threshold of ~300 nM, and an EC50 of ~3 μM, suggesting green tea also acts as powerful pro-oxidant in vivo. The resultant polysulfides formed are not only potent antioxidants, but elicit a cascade of secondary cytoprotective effects, and we propose that many of the health benefits of green tea are mediated through these reactions. Remarkably, all green tea leaves constitutively contain small amounts of H2S2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Austin Briggs
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Monesh Devireddy
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Nicholas A Iovino
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Nicole C Skora
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jenna Whelan
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Brian P Villa
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Xiaotong Yuan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Varun Mannam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Scott Howard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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11
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Karimi N, Nikoo M, Ahmadi Gavlighi H, Piri Gheshlaghi S, Regenstein JM, Xu X. Effect of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) protein hydrolysates (SPH) and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on sourdough and bread quality. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Folly MLC, Ferreira GF, Salvador MR, Sathler AA, da Silva GF, Santos JCB, Dos Santos JRA, Nunes Neto WR, Rodrigues JFS, Fernandes ES, da Silva LCN, de Freitas GJC, Denadai ÂM, Rodrigues IV, Mendonça LM, Monteiro AS, Santos DA, Cabrera GM, Siless G, Lang KL. Evaluation of in vitro Antifungal Activity of Xylosma prockia (Turcz.) Turcz. (Salicaceae) Leaves Against Cryptococcus spp. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3114. [PMID: 32117083 PMCID: PMC7015862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus species are responsible for important systemic mycosis and are estimated to cause millions of new cases annually. The available therapy is limited due to the high toxicity and the increasing rates of yeast resistance to antifungal drugs. Popularly known as “sucará,” Xylosma prockia (Turcz.) Turcz. (Salicaceae) is a native plant from Brazil with little information on its pharmacological potential. In this work, we evaluated in vitro anticryptococcal effects of the leaf ethanolic extract of X. prockia and its fractions against Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans. We also evaluated phenotypic alterations caused by ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) (chosen according to its biological results). The liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of EAF demonstrated the presence of phenolic metabolites that belong to three structurally related groups as majority compounds: caffeoylquinic acid, coumaroyl-glucoside, and caffeoyl-glucoside/deoxyhexosyl-caffeoyl glucoside derivatives. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against C. gattii and C. neoformans ranged from 8 to 64 mg/L and from 0.5 to 8 mg/L, for ethanolic extract and EAF, respectively. The EAF triggered an oxidative burst and promoted lipid peroxidation. EAF also induced a reduction of ergosterol content in the pathogen cell membrane. These effects were not associated with alterations in the cell surface charge or in the thermodynamic fingerprint of the molecular interaction between EAF and the yeasts evaluated. Cytotoxic experiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated that EAF was more selective for yeasts than was PBMCs. The results may provide evidence that X. prockia leaf extract might indeed be a potential source of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariany L C Folly
- Multicentric Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Gabriella F Ferreira
- Multicentric Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Maiara R Salvador
- Multicentric Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Ana A Sathler
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ângelo M Denadai
- Multicentric Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Ivanildes V Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Mendonça
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Cabrera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, UMYMFOR-CONICET, FCEN, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gastón Siless
- Department of Organic Chemistry, UMYMFOR-CONICET, FCEN, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen L Lang
- Multicentric Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
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13
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A novel gold nanocluster-based fluorometric biosensor for measuring prooxidant activity with a large Stokes shift. Talanta 2019; 208:120425. [PMID: 31816696 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A chicken egg white protein-protected gold nanocluster (CEW-AuNC) based fluorogenic biosensor, where protein was used as both reducing and protecting agent, was developed to determine the Cu(II)-induced prooxidant activity of natural antioxidants abundant in food and biological samples. Gold nanoclusters, prepared using egg white proteins, exhibited strong fluorescence. The prooxidant activity of the tested antioxidants was indirectly measured by their reducing action on Cu(II) to Cu(I), and the reduced cuprous ion was bound to the thiol groups in the CEW-AuNC structure, causing a decrease in fluorescence intensity. Epicatechin, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, morin, rutin, quercetin, gallic, chlorogenic, and rosmarinic acids, glutathione, cysteine, N-acetyl cysteine, bilirubin, resveratrol, and α-tocopherol were studied as natural antioxidants. A fluorometric method showing a large Stokes shift with excitation/emission maxima at 360∕640 nm was developed to sensitively measure the decrease in the fluorescence of CEW-AuNC associated with the binding of copper(I) to the protein structure. Total prooxidant activities of the binary, ternary, and quaternary synthetic mixtures and of some food and synthetic serum samples were determined. The biosensor response was statistically compared to that of its spectrophotometric counterpart. This method can be used for the control of the oxidative stability of foods with a prolonged shelf life.
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14
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Thodberg M, Thieffry A, Bornholdt J, Boyd M, Holmberg C, Azad A, Workman CT, Chen Y, Ekwall K, Nielsen O, Sandelin A. Comprehensive profiling of the fission yeast transcription start site activity during stress and media response. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1671-1691. [PMID: 30566651 PMCID: PMC6393241 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is an attractive model organism for transcriptional and chromatin biology research. Such research is contingent on accurate annotation of transcription start sites (TSSs). However, comprehensive genome-wide maps of TSSs and their usage across commonly applied laboratory conditions and treatments for S. pombe are lacking. To this end, we profiled TSS activity genome-wide in S. pombe cultures exposed to heat shock, nitrogen starvation, hydrogen peroxide and two commonly applied media, YES and EMM2, using Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE). CAGE-based annotation of TSSs is substantially more accurate than existing PomBase annotation; on average, CAGE TSSs fall 50-75 bp downstream of PomBase TSSs and co-localize with nucleosome boundaries. In contrast to higher eukaryotes, dispersed TSS distributions are not common in S. pombe. Our data recapitulate known S. pombe stress expression response patterns and identify stress- and media-responsive alternative TSSs. Notably, alteration of growth medium induces changes of similar magnitude as some stressors. We show a link between nucleosome occupancy and genetic variation, and that the proximal promoter region is genetically diverse between S. pombe strains. Our detailed TSS map constitutes a central resource for S. pombe gene regulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Thodberg
- Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK2100 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Axel Thieffry
- Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK2100 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jette Bornholdt
- Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK2100 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mette Boyd
- Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK2100 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christian Holmberg
- Department of Biology, Cell cycle and genome stability Group, University of Copenhagen, DK2100 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ajuna Azad
- Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK2100 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christopher T Workman
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK2100 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Karl Ekwall
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, SE14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Biology, Cell cycle and genome stability Group, University of Copenhagen, DK2100 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Albin Sandelin
- Department of Biology and Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK2100 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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15
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Naparlo K, Zyracka E, Bartosz G, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Flavanols protect the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae against heating and freezing/thawing injury. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:872-880. [PMID: 30520210 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to check whether two flavanols ((-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (+)-catechin) can ameliorate oxidative stress (OS) accompanying and contributing to the lethal effects of heating (50°C) and freezing-thawing on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. METHODS AND RESULTS The flavanols studied increased yeast survival during heating and freezing-thawing, estimated by the colony forming assay. They improved also such indices of OS as increased production of reactive oxygen species, decrease of total antioxidant activity of yeast cell extracts and increase in the level of protein carbonyls. CONCLUSIONS Amelioration of OS by flavanols increases the survival of the yeast subjected to high temperature and freezing-thawing. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Flavanols may be considered as means of enhancing yeast survival under extreme temperature conditions and probably in other conditions involving OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Naparlo
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - E Zyracka
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - G Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - I Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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16
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Singh RK, Mishra S, Jena S, Panigrahi B, Das B, Jayabalan R, Parhi PK, Mandal D. Rapid colorimetric sensing of gadolinium by EGCG-derived AgNPs: the development of a nanohybrid bioimaging probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3981-3984. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol functionalized AgNPs are demonstrated as colorimetric sensors for the selective detection of gadolinium and the generated nanohybrids exhibit bioimaging potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sourav Mishra
- School of Biotechnology
- KIIT Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Satyapriya Jena
- School of Biotechnology
- KIIT Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | | | | | | | - Pankaj Kumar Parhi
- School of Biotechnology
- KIIT Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
- School of Chemical Technology
| | - Dindyal Mandal
- School of Biotechnology
- KIIT Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
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17
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Antioxidant activity evaluation of dietary phytochemicals using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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18
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Jardim C, Macedo D, Figueira I, Dobson G, McDougall GJ, Stewart D, Ferreira RB, Menezes R, Santos CN. (Poly)phenol metabolites from Arbutus unedo leaves protect yeast from oxidative injury by activation of antioxidant and protein clearance pathways. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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19
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Taleb H, Maddocks SE, Morris RK, Kanekanian AD. The Antibacterial Activity of Date Syrup Polyphenols against S. aureus and E. coli. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:198. [PMID: 26952177 PMCID: PMC4768629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived products such as date syrup (DS) have demonstrated antibacterial activity and can inhibit bacteria through numerous different mechanisms, which may be attributed to bioactive compounds including plant-derived phenolic molecules. DS is rich in polyphenols and this study hypothesized that DS polyphenols demonstrate inherent antimicrobial activity, which cause oxidative damage. This investigation revealed that DS has a high content of total polyphenols (605 mg/100 g), and is rich in tannins (357 mg/100 g), flavonoids (40.5 mg/100 g), and flavanols (31.7 mg/100 g) that are known potent antioxidants. Furthermore, DS, and polyphenols extracted from DS, the most abundant bioactive constituent of DS are bacteriostatic to both Gram positive and Gram negative Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. It has further been shown that the extracted polyphenols independently suppress the growth of bacteria at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 30 and 20 mg/mL for E. coli and S. aureus, and have observed that DS behaves as a prooxidant by generating hydrogen peroxide that mediates bacterial growth inhibition as a result of oxidative stress. At sub-lethal MIC concentrations DS demonstrated antioxidative activity by reducing hydrogen peroxide, and at lethal concentrations DS demonstrated prooxidant activity that inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. The high sugar content naturally present in DS did not significantly contribute to this effect. These findings highlight that DS’s antimicrobial activity is mediated through hydrogen peroxide generation in inducing oxidative stress in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Taleb
- Department of Healthcare and Food, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah E Maddocks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff, UK
| | - R Keith Morris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff, UK
| | - Ara D Kanekanian
- Department of Healthcare and Food, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff, UK
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20
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Bayliak MM, Burdyliuk NI, Lushchak VI. Effects of pH on antioxidant and prooxidant properties of common medicinal herbs. Open Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground: We studied in vitro and vivo antioxidant and prooxidant abilities of aqueous extracts from Rosa canina L., Rhodiola rosea L., Hypericum perforatum L., and Gentiana lutea L. Methodology: Total antioxidant capacity was measured by four assays (phosphomolybdate method, Fe3+-reducing activity, ABTS•+ scavenging, H2O2 scavenging). Prooxidant activity was estimated by H2O2 production. Yeast viability in the presence of H2O2 and/or plant extracts was determined by plating or by counting live cells’ number. Results: Plant extracts differed in the total phenolic content (R. canina > R. rosea > H. perforatum > G. lutea) which clearly correlated with their ABTS•+ scavenging activity (R2 = 0.963). H2O2 scavenging activity was not clearly associated with plant phenol levels and was significantly higher in acidic, than in alkaline medium. In line with this, plant extracts effectively protected yeast S. cereviasiae against H2O2 and stimulated reproductive ability of yeast cells at acidic but not at alkaline pH. At alkaline pH, plant extracts produced certain amounts of H2O2 which were related to their phenolic content. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of plant extracts is decreased at alkaline pH with an increase in the prooxidant activity. It reduces protective capacity of plant extracts against oxidative and other stresses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Bayliak
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia I. Burdyliuk
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
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21
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Geraldes AN, da Silva AA, Leal J, Estrada-Villegas GM, Lincopan N, Katti KV, Lugão AB. Green Nanotechnology from Plant Extracts: Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/anp.2016.53019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Effects of Sunphenon and Polyphenon 60 on proteolytic pathways, inflammatory cytokines and myogenic markers in H2O2-treated C2C12 cells. J Biosci 2015; 40:53-9. [PMID: 25740141 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Sunphenon and Polyphenon 60 in oxidative stress response, myogenic regulatory factors, inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic and proteolytic pathways on H2O2-induced myotube atrophy was addressed. Cellular responses of H2O2-induced C2C12 cells were examined, including mRNA expression of myogenic regulatory factors, such as MyoD and myogenin, inflammatory pathways, such as TNF-α and NF-kB, as well as proteolytic enzymes, such as μ-calpain and m-calpain. The pre-treatment of Sunphenon (50 μg/mL)/Polyphenon 60 (50 μg/mL) on H2O2-treated C2C12 cells significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of myogenin and MyoD when compared to those treated with H2O2-induced alone. Additionally, the mRNA expression of μ-calpain and m-calpain were significantly(p<0.05) increased in H2O2-treated C2C12 cells, whereas pre-treatment with Sunphenon/Polyphenon significantly down-regulated the above genes, namely μ-calpain and m-calpain. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of TNF-α and NF-kB were significantly increased in H2O2-treated C2C12 cells, while pre-treatment with Sunphenon (50 μg/mL)/Polyphenon 60 (50 μg/mL) significantly (p<0.05) down-regulated it when compared to the untreated control group.Subsequent analysis of DNA degeneration and caspase activation revealed that Sunphenon (50 μg/mL)/Polyphenon 60 (50 μg/mL) inhibited activation of caspase-3 and showed an inhibitory effect on DNA degradation. From this result, we know that, in stress conditions, μ-calpain may be involved in the muscle atrophy through the suppression of myogenin and MyoD. Moreover, Sunphenon may regulate the skeletal muscle genes/promote skeletal muscle recovery by the up-regulation of myogenin and MyoD and suppression of μ-calpain and inflammatory pathways and may regulate the apoptosis pathways. Our findings suggest that dietary supplementation of Sunphenon might reduce inflammatory events in muscle-associated diseases, such as myotube atrophy.
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23
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Abarikwu SO, Durojaiye M, Alabi A, Asonye B, Akiri O. Curcumin protects against gallic acid-induced oxidative stress, suppression of glutathione antioxidant defenses, hepatic and renal damage in rats. Ren Fail 2015; 38:321-9. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1127743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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24
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Hamada Y, Takano S, Ayano Y, Tokunaga M, Koashi T, Okamoto S, Doi S, Ishida M, Kawasaki T, Hamada M, Nakajima N, Saito A. Structure-Activity Relationship of Oligomeric Flavan-3-ols: Importance of the Upper-Unit B-ring Hydroxyl Groups in the Dimeric Structure for Strong Activities. Molecules 2015; 20:18870-85. [PMID: 26501251 PMCID: PMC6332077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins, which are composed of oligomeric flavan-3-ol units, are contained in various foodstuffs (e.g., fruits, vegetables, and drinks) and are strongly biologically active compounds. We investigated which element of the proanthocyanidin structure is primarily responsible for this functionality. In this study, we elucidate the importance of the upper-unit of 4-8 condensed dimeric flavan-3-ols for antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and cervical epithelioid carcinoma cell line HeLa S3 proliferation inhibitory activity. To clarify the important constituent unit of proanthocyanidin, we synthesized four dimeric compounds, (-)-epigallocatechin-[4,8]-(+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-[4,8]-(-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-[4,8]-(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, and (+)-catechin-[4,8]-(-)-epigallocatechin and performed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. In addition to antimicrobial activity against S. cerevisiae and proliferation inhibitory activity on HeLa S3 cells, the correlation of 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups was low. On the basis of the results of our SAR studies, we concluded that B-ring hydroxyl groups of the upper-unit of the dimer are crucially important for strong and effective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Hamada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.
| | - Syota Takano
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Ayano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Tokunaga
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Koashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.
| | - Syuhei Okamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.
| | - Syoma Doi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Ishida
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kawasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Hamada
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180, Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Nakajima
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180, Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
| | - Akiko Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572-8530, Japan.
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Bayliak MM, Burdylyuk NI, Lushchak VI. Quercetin increases stress resistance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae not only as an antioxidant. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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26
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Mukherjee S, Ghosh S, Das DK, Chakraborty P, Choudhury S, Gupta P, Adhikary A, Dey S, Chattopadhyay S. Gold-conjugated green tea nanoparticles for enhanced anti-tumor activities and hepatoprotection--synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1283-97. [PMID: 26310506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Green tea (GT)-based chemoprevention has shown promising results in various cancer models. However, the effective dose may not be far from the toxic dose because of inefficient systemic delivery and limited bio-availability of GT polyphenols. We have used GT polyphenols to successfully reduce gold to corresponding gold nanoparticles (NPs) in a single step; a process that fulfils all criteria of green nanotechnology as no "man-made" chemical other than gold acids are used. GT and (-) - epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) conjugated gold NPs (diameters <50 nm), showed remarkable stability, significantly rapid cellular uptake and excellent in vitro anti-oxidant activities. These NPs were observed to be selectively toxic towards cancer cells (Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma and MCF-7) while showing absolutely no lethality towards normal primary mouse hepatocytes. In cancer cells, NPs altered the redox status and limited Nrf2 activation by almost 50%. These NPs significantly decreased nuclear translocation of NF-κB, coupled with decreased phosphorylation of IĸB and down-regulation of NF-κB-dependent anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl2 and Akt in a dose-dependent manner, triggering onset of apoptosis. Culturing normal hepatocytes with tumor-conditioned media prompted apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depleting the anti-oxidant defense mechanism of hepatocytes. Pre-treatment with NPs protected hepatocytes from tumor-induced cellular damage by scavenging excess ROS, increasing the levels of reduced glutathione and anti-oxidant enzymes. There was evidence of decreased Bax/Bcl2 ratio and active Caspase 3 levels in these hepatocytes, indicating apoptosis escape. Nanoformulations of GT-based polyphenols might serve as an operative platform for effective delivery, increased bio-availability, enhanced effects and minimal chemotherapy-associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta; UCSTA, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta; UCSTA, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Dipesh Kr Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta; UCSTA, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta; UCSTA, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Sreetama Choudhury
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta; UCSTA, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta; UCSTA, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD-2, Salt Lake, Sector III, Kolkata-700098, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta; UCSTA, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD-2, Salt Lake, Sector III, Kolkata-700098, India
| | - Sreya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta; UCSTA, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700009, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD-2, Salt Lake, Sector III, Kolkata-700098, India.
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Zorrilla P, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Garrido-Mesa N, Olivares M, Rondón D, Zarzuelo A, Utrilla MP, Galvez J, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of the polyphenolic-enriched extract Amanda® in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of rat colitis. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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28
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Butt MS, Imran A, Sharif MK, Ahmad RS, Xiao H, Imran M, Rsool HA. Black tea polyphenols: a mechanistic treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:1002-11. [PMID: 24499118 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.623198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary interventions are among the emerging trends to curtail physiological malfunctioning like cancer, diabetes, cardiac complications, etc. The essence of phytonutrients has developed the concept of nutraceuticals at the junction of diet health linkages. In this context, theaflavin & thearubigins are the oxidized derivatives of black tea catechins during fermentation having nutraceutical potential owing to esterification of hydroxyl ring with digallate esters. Theaflavin may influence activation of transcription factors such as NFnB or AP-1 that ultimately hinder the formation of nitric oxide expression gene. Likewise, black tea contains a unique amino acid theanine acts as neurotransmitter owing to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, it boasts immunity by enhancing the disease-fighting ability of gamma delta T cells. Theaflavin & thearubigins act as safeguard against oxidative stress thereby effective in the cardiac functioning. The mechanistic approach of these antioxidants is likely to be associated with inhibition of redox sensitive transcription factors & pro-oxidant enzymes such as xanthine oxidase or nitric oxide synthase. However, their involvement in antioxidative enzyme induction as in glutathione-S-transferases is also well documented. They act as curative agent against numerous pathological disorders by disrupting the electron chain thus inhibiting the progression of certain ailments. Black tea polyphenols established themselves as strong antioxidants due to their standard one-electron potential, and their vitality is dependent on the concentration of polyphenols and pH for their inclusive execution. Present review is an attempt to enrich the readers regarding the health promoting aspects of black tea polyphenols. Concomitantly, it needs core attention of researchers for the exploitations of black tea flavanols as an important dietary constituent for the vulnerable segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Butt
- a National Institute of Food Science and Technology , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Bayliak MM, Burdyliuk NI, Izers’ka LI, Lushchak VI. Concentration-Dependent Effects of Rhodiola Rosea on Long-Term Survival and Stress Resistance of Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: The Involvement of YAP 1 and MSN2/4 Regulatory Proteins. Dose Response 2014; 12:93-109. [PMID: 24659935 PMCID: PMC3960956 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.13-013.bayliak] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentration-dependent effects of aqueous extract from R. rosea root on long-term survival and stress resistance of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. At low concentrations, R. rosea aqueous extract extended yeast chronological lifespan, enhanced oxidative stress resistance of stationary-phase cells and resistance to number stressors in exponentially growing cultures. At high concentrations, R. rosea extract sensitized yeast cells to stresses and shortened yeast lifespan. These biphasic concentration-responses describe a common hormetic phenomenon characterized by a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition. Yeast pretreatment with low doses of R. rosea extract enhanced yeast survival and prevented protein oxidation under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Positive effect of R. rosea extract on yeast survival under heat shock exposure was not accompanied with changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and levels of oxidized proteins. The deficiency in transcriptional regulators, Msn2/Msn4 and Yap1, abolished the positive effect of low doses of R. rosea extract on yeast viability under stress challenges. Potential involvement of Msn2/Msn4 and Yap1 regulatory proteins in realization of R. rosea beneficial effects is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
| | - Nadia I. Burdyliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
| | - Lilia I. Izers’ka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
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Ronen M, Shalaby S, Horwitz BA. Role of the transcription factor ChAP1 in cytoplasmic redox homeostasis: imaging with a genetically encoded sensor in the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:786-90. [PMID: 23745603 PMCID: PMC6638657 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The redox-sensitive transcription factor ChAP1 [Cochliobolus heterostrophus YAP1 (Yeast Activator Protein 1) orthologue] of C. heterostrophus is required for oxidative stress tolerance. It is not known, however, to what extent the intracellular redox state changes on exposure of the fungus to oxidants, and whether ChAP1 is involved in the return of the cell to redox homeostasis. In order to answer these questions, we expressed a ratiometric redox-sensitive fluorescent protein sensor, pHyper, in C. heterostrophus. The fluorescence ratio was sensitive to extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations that had been shown previously to inhibit the germination of conidia and growth of the pathogen in culture. chap1 mutants showed a slower return to redox homeostasis than the wild-type on exposure to H2O2. Plant extracts that mimic oxidants in their ability to promote nuclear retention of ChAP1 reduced, rather than oxidized, the fungal cells. This result is consistent with other data suggesting that ChAP1 responds to plant-derived signals other than oxidants. pHyper should be a useful reporter of the intracellular redox state in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordechai Ronen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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Yiannakopoulou EC. Targeting oxidative stress response by green tea polyphenols: clinical implications. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:667-71. [PMID: 23805775 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.819975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols, the most interesting constituent of green tea leaves, have been shown to have both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties. Both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties are expected to contribute to modulation of oxidative stress response under ideal optimal dosage regimens. Exposure to a low concentration of a pro-oxidant prior to exposure to oxidative stress induces the expression of genes that code for proteins that induce adaptation in a subsequent oxidative stress. On the other hand, exposure to an antioxidant concurrently with exposure to the oxidative stress affords protection through free radical scavenging or through other indirect antioxidant mechanisms. In any case, the optimal conditions that afford protection from oxidative stress should be defined for any substance with redox properties. Green tea polyphenols, being naturally occurring substances, seem to be an ideal option for the modulation of oxidative stress response. This paper reviews available data on the pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties of green tea polyphenols focusing on their potential on the modulation of oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Ch Yiannakopoulou
- Department of Basic Medical Lessons, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Kubra IR, Murthy PS, Rao LJM. In vitro antifungal activity of dehydrozingerone and its fungitoxic properties. J Food Sci 2013; 78:M64-9. [PMID: 23278709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.03009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The efficacy of Dehydrozingerone (DZ; dehydroderivative of zingerone) as an antifungal agent and its mode of action against food spoilage fungal pathogens was studied and presented. DZ is a constituent of ginger (Zingiber officinale rhizomes) and structural half analogue of curcumin. Its efficacy against Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium chrysogenum was evaluated. Effect of DZ on the growth and sporulation of A. ochraceus was also studied. The fungal species were susceptible to DZ and the minimum inhibitory concentration and fungicidal concentration ranged from 755 to 911 μM and 880 to 1041 μM respectively. The mycelial and spore germination was significantly inhibited; reduction in the weight of the cell mass, carbohydrate, protein, DNA and RNA constituents in the cells isolated from cultures of A. ochraceus grown with DZ were observed. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed morphological observations such as cell lysis, inhibition and morphological alterations in hyphae and sporulation in A. ochraceus on treatment with DZ. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Current investigations revealed that DZ is a potential antifungal agent and can find application as an additive or adjuvant in food and pharmaceutical industries after appropriate toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rahath Kubra
- Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570020, India
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Liu X, Li J, Wang Y, Li T, Zhao J, Zhang C. Green tea polyphenols function as prooxidants to inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa and induce the expression of oxidative stress-related genes. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 58:211-7. [PMID: 23054687 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols (GTP) are widely believed to function as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Here we observed that GTP and epigallocatechin gallate, the most abundant catechin in GTP, could also function as prooxidants and produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. pH value of the medium was the key factor that affected prooxidant versus antioxidant property of GTP. Under weakly acidic conditions (pH 5.5-6.5), GTP showed antioxidant activity by eliminating H2O2; whereas, under neutral and weakly alkaline conditions (pH 7.0-8.0), GTP showed prooxidant activity and inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, we studied the effects of GTP on gene expression profiles of a few oxidative stress-related genes by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. After 10 min to 1 h of exposure under weakly alkaline condition, GTP significantly up-regulated expression levels of katB, sodM, ohr, lexA, and recN gene. These findings highlight that the pH-dependent H2O2 production by GTP contributes to the antibacterial activity and can induce oxidative stress-related responses in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Liu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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The dual action of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main constituent of green tea, against the deleterious effects of visible light and singlet oxygen-generating conditions as seen in yeast cells. Molecules 2012; 17:10355-69. [PMID: 22932216 PMCID: PMC6268885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea extracts (GTEs) as well as their main component, the polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are known for their versatile antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumoral or anti-inflammatory effects. In spite of the huge beneficial action, there is increasing evidence that under certain conditions green tea and its components can be detrimental to living organisms. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with various defects in the response to oxidative stress, we found that GTEs or EGCG act in synergy with visible light, exhibiting either deleterious or protective effects depending on the solvent employed. Similar synergistic effects could be observed under singlet oxygen-generating conditions, such as light exposure in the presence of photosensitizers or UV-A irradiation, therefore solvent variance may represent a powerful tool to modulate the preparation of green tea extracts, depending on the intended target.
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Liu X, Li J, Yang Y, Chen X. Exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to green tea polyphenols enhances the tolerance to various environmental stresses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:3373-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Chemopreventive potential of the tannase-mediated biotransformation of green tea. Food Chem 2012; 133:358-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Shalaby S, Horwitz BA, Larkov O. Structure-activity relationships delineate how the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus uses aromatic compounds as signals and metabolites. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:931-940. [PMID: 22452657 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-12-0015-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The necrotrophic maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus senses plant-derived phenolic compounds, which promote nuclear retention of the redox-sensitive transcription factor ChAP1 and alter gene expression. The intradiol dioxygenase gene CCHD1 is strongly upregulated by coumaric and caffeic acids. Plant phenolics are potential nutrients but some of them are damaging compounds that need to be detoxified. Using coumaric acid as an inducer (16 to 160 μM), we demonstrated the rapid and simultaneous upregulation of most of the β-ketoadipate pathway genes in C. heterostrophus. A cchd1 deletion mutant provided genetic evidence that protocatechuic acid is an intermediate in catabolism of a wide range of aromatic acids. Aromatics catabolism was slowed for compounds showing toxicity, and this was strongly correlated with nuclear retention of GFP-ChAP1. The activity of a structure series of compounds showed complementary requirements for upregulation of CCHD1 and for ChAP1 nuclear retention. Thus, there is an inverse correlation between the ability to metabolize a compound and the stress response (ChAP1 nuclear retention) that it causes. The ability to metabolize phenolics and to respond to them as signals should be an advantage to plant pathogens and may explain the presence of at least two response pathways detecting these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Shalaby
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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38
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Bansal S, Syan N, Mathur P, Choudhary S. Pharmacological profile of green tea and its polyphenols: a review. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Erlank H, Elmann A, Kohen R, Kanner J. Polyphenols activate Nrf2 in astrocytes via H2O2, semiquinones, and quinones. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2319-27. [PMID: 22037513 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols, which occur both in edible plants and in foodstuff, have been reported to exert a wide range of health effects; however, the mechanism of action of these molecules is not fully understood. One important cellular pathway affected by polyphenols is the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 via the electrophile response element, which mediates generation of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes. Our study found that Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the activity of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) were increased significantly after treatment of astrocytes with tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), resveratrol, or curcumin, at 20-50μM. Incubation of tBHQ, resveratrol, and curcumin in the growth medium in the absence of astrocytes caused the accumulation of H(2)O(2). Treatment of cells with either glutathione or metmyoglobin was found to decrease Nrf2 translocation and NQO1 activity induced by polyphenols by up to 40 and 60%, respectively. Addition of both glutathione and metmyoglobin to growth medium decreased Nrf2 translocation and NQO1 activity by up to 100 and 80%, respectively. In conclusion, because metmyoglobin, in the presence of polyphenols and glutathione, is known to interact with H(2)O(2), semiquinones, and quinones, the up-regulation of the antioxidant defense of the cells through activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor, paradoxically, occurs via the generation of H(2)O(2) and polyphenol-oxidized species generated from the exogenous microenvironment of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Erlank
- Department of Food Science, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
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40
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Saul N, Pietsch K, Stürzenbaum SR, Menzel R, Steinberg CEW. Diversity of polyphenol action in Caenorhabditis elegans: between toxicity and longevity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1713-1720. [PMID: 21805983 DOI: 10.1021/np200011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was utilized to determine, in vivo, the mode(s) of action of four plant polyphenols, namely, tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), and catechin (CT). The determination of lifespan, stress resistance, growth, reproduction, eating-related behaviors, antioxidative capacities, and lifespan assays with the mev-1 and the eat-2 mutants as well as in the presence of dead bacteria provided new insights into their action. All four compounds prolonged lifespan, but only TA and CT mediated distinct stress protection. Longevity is unlikely the result of antioxidant capacities but rather due to calorie restriction imitating and hormetic properties in the case of TA and EA or antimicrobial capacities of GA and EA. Furthermore, the prominent "disposable soma theory" is only partly reflected by these polyphenols. In summary, this study underlines the diversity of polyphenolic phytochemicals and their mechanistic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Saul
- Laboratory of Freshwater & Stress Ecology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Späthstrasse 80/81, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
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41
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Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of flavonoids. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:513-23. [PMID: 21277359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The interest in possible health benefits of flavonoids has increased owing to their potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities observed in vitro. Nevertheless, the antioxidant efficacy of flavonoids in vivo is less documented and their prooxidant properties have been actually described in vivo. Due to their prooxidant properties, they are able to cause oxidative damage by reacting with various biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins and DNA. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss both the antioxidant and prooxidant effects of flavonoids.
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Jiménez A, Lisa-Santamaría P, García-Marino M, Escribano-Bailón MT, Rivas-Gonzalo JC, Revuelta JL. The biological activity of the wine anthocyanins delphinidin and petunidin is mediated through Msn2 and Msn4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2010; 10:858-69. [PMID: 20846146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are considered to be responsible for some of the health benefits derived from the consumption of red wine. These protective effects might probably be explained in the context of the xenohormesis theory that considers plant metabolites as interspecific chemical signals. However, the complexity of the polyphenolic constituents of different wines makes it difficult to clarify the specific contribution of polyphenols to such effects. In the present work, we fractionated the polyphenols of a red wine and evaluated the effect of each polyphenolic fraction on the growth pattern of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We observed a different contribution of the phenolic fractions to the xenohormetic response of S. cerevisiae, the fractions that were enriched with red pigments being the most protective against oxidative insults. Moreover, we found that red wine phenolic fractions exert their biological activity through the activation of the Yap1 and Msn2 stress-responsive regulators. Above all, the anthocyanins delphinidin 3-glucoside and petunidin 3-glucoside were found to improve significantly the growth rate of S. cerevisiae in an Msn2-, Msn4-dependent manner, indicating that the stress regulators Msn2 and Msn4 participate in the xenohormetic activity of the wine polyphenols delphinidin and petunidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Microbiología Bioquímica, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Suzuki K, Kori S, Morikawa M, Takagi A, Namiki H. Oxidative stress-mediated bimodal regulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte spreading by polyphenolic compounds. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:1448-55. [PMID: 20837173 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyrogallol-bearing polyphenolic compounds induce spreading of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), although their optimal concentrations for induction of spreading are quite different (2000, 200, and 2 μM for pyrogallol, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and tannic acid (TA), respectively), and TA tends to inhibit spreading at higher concentrations. In this study, we examined the involvement of oxidative stress in the regulation of PMNL spreading by these compounds. All three compounds in solution generated H(2)O(2) to a similar extent. Adsorption of the polyphenols to cell surfaces and their accumulation within cells were assessed by detection of the H(2)O(2) precursor O(2)(-) produced by the compounds through reduction of cytochrome c and p-nitro-blue tetrazolium, respectively. TA showed the highest degree of adsorption. EGCG adhered only to PMNL pre-fixed by paraformaldehyde, whereas pyrogallol did not adhere. None of the compounds caused intracellular O(2)(-) generation. A non-pyrogallic compound, 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT), also produced H(2)O(2); it had no stimulatory effect on PMNL spreading, but inhibited spreading induced by other stimuli. BT did not adhere to PMNL but accumulated within them, and generated O(2)(-) in the presence of glycine. Thiol antioxidants abrogated all of the above spreading-regulatory effects of the polyphenolic compounds. We conclude that H(2)O(2)-generating polyphenols bimodally regulate the spreading of PMNL by subjecting them to oxidative stress. The ability of polyphenol to adhere to, or accumulate within, PMNL may govern the nature of the oxidative stress and determine the optimal concentration of each compound for induction of spreading, as well as whether spreading is promoted or inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingo Suzuki
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
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44
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Phytomedicines for Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:323-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Franken J, Bauer FF. Carnitine supplementation has protective and detrimental effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are genetically mediated. FEMS Yeast Res 2010; 10:270-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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46
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Influence of gallic acid and catechin polyphenols on probiotic properties of Streptococcus thermophilus CHCC 3534 strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Medicinal plants and antioxidants: What do we learn from cell culture and Caenorhabditis elegans studies? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 394:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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TAMURA S, WADA C, HASE A, KANAMITSU K, IKEDA S. A Simple Growth Test of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cu, Zn-Superoxide Dismutase-Deficient Mutant in Hypertonic Medium for Biological Evaluation of Antioxidants. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.16.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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49
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Kori S, Namiki H, Suzuki K. Biphasic regulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte spreading by polyphenolic compounds with pyrogallol moieties. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1159-67. [PMID: 19524070 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities, although the molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of green tea extract and a variety of polyphenolic compounds on spreading of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) over fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Green tea extract exerted a biphasic effect on PMN spreading; it induced or suppressed spreading at low and high concentrations, respectively. We also found that pyrogallol-bearing compounds have spreading induction activity. Among the compounds tested, tannic acid (TA) had the strongest activity; the concentrations required for induction of maximal spreading were 2 microM for TA, 200 microM for (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and 2000 microM for the other active compounds. Furthermore, TA was the only compound showing a biphasic effect similar to that of green tea extract; TA at 20 or 200 microM suppressed spreading. The spreading-stimulatory signal was still latent during PMN exposure to TA at concentrations that inhibited spreading, because the pre-exposed PMNs underwent spreading when plated after removal of free TA by centrifugation. The spreading-inhibitory effect of TA at high concentrations overcame the induction of spreading by other stimuli, including phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, hydrogen peroxide, denatured fibrinogen surfaces, and naked plastic surfaces. These results suggest that TA as well as green tea extract is bi-functional, having pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects at low and high concentrations, respectively. Pharmacological use of TA may thus provide new strategies aimed at regulation of PMN spreading for control of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Kori
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Saul N, Pietsch K, Menzel R, Stürzenbaum SR, Steinberg CEW. Catechin induced longevity in C. elegans: from key regulator genes to disposable soma. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:477-86. [PMID: 19501612 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The flavanol catechin is a ubiquitous metabolite within the plant kingdom. Several health benefits have previously been reported, however, to date, most attention has been devoted to gallated forms of catechin. This study utilized the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to assess potential life expanding effects of non-gallated catechin. Longevity was observed at three different catechin concentrations, an effect that was neither linked to a specific temperature nor to the viability of the feeding bacteria. Taken all tests into account, hormesis, calorie restriction, as well as the presence of simple antioxidative or antibacterial effects could be excluded. Likewise, the insulin/IGF-1 like signaling pathway and the calmodulin kinase II pathway were not considered to play a major mechanic role. Moreover, stress resistance was enhanced without a marked alteration in reproductive behavior. In addition, lifespan tests with various stress and lifespan relevant mutant strains revealed that the life span extending phenotype was absent in mev-1, daf-2, akt-2 and nhr-8. Finally, catechin elicited a significant reduction in body length, a finding that is in line with the "Disposable Soma Theory". It is proposed that catechin modulates an energy-intensive stress response and repair system that results in reduced body length and an enhanced lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Saul
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Freshwater & Stress Ecology, Berlin, Germany.
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