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Resistance of Black Aspergilli Species from Grape Vineyards to SDHI, QoI, DMI, and Phenylpyrrole Fungicides. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020221. [PMID: 36836335 PMCID: PMC9961879 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungicide applications constitute a management practice that reduces the size of fungal populations and by acting as a genetic drift factor, may affect pathogen evolution. In a previous study, we showed that the farming system influenced the population structure of the Aspergillus section Nigri species in Greek vineyards. The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that the differences in the population structure may be associated with the selection of fungicide-resistant strains within the black aspergilli populations. To achieve this, we determined the sensitivity of 102, 151, 19, and 22 for the A. uvarum, A. tubingensis, A. niger, and A. carbonarious isolates, respectively, originating either from conventionally-treated or organic vineyards to the fungicides fluxapyroxad-SDHIs, pyraclostrobin-QoIs, tebuconazole-DMIs, and fludioxonil-phenylpyrroles. The results showed widespread resistance to all four fungicides tested in the A. uvarum isolates originating mostly from conventional vineyards. In contrast, all the A. tubingensis isolates tested were sensitive to pyraclostrobin, while moderate frequencies of only lowly resistant isolates were identified for tebuconazole, fludioxonil, and fluxapyroxad. Sequencing analysis of the corresponding fungicide target encoding genes revealed the presence of H270Y, H65Q/S66P, and G143A mutations in the sdhB, sdhD, and cytb genes of A. uvarum resistant isolates, respectively. No mutations in the Cyp51A and Cyp51B genes were detected in either the A. uvarum or A. tubingensis isolates exhibiting high or low resistance levels to DMIs, suggesting that other resistance mechanisms are responsible for the observed phenotype. Our results support the initial hypothesis for the contribution of fungicide resistance in the black aspergilli population structure in conventional and organic vineyards, while this is the first report of A. uvarum resistance to SDHIs and the first documentation of H270Y or H65Q/S66P mutations in sdhB, sdhD, and of the G143A mutation in the cytb gene of this fungal species.
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Mathieu V, Superchi S, Masi M, Scafato P, Kornienko A, Evidente A. In Vitro Effects of Fungal Phytotoxins on Cancer Cell Viability: First Insight into Structure Activity Relationship of a Potent Metabolite of Cochliobolus australiensis Radicinin. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080517. [PMID: 36006179 PMCID: PMC9415302 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have always represented an important source for new drugs. Although fungi represent one such viable source, to date, no fungal metabolite has been marketed as an anticancer drug. Based on our work with phytotoxins as potential chemical scaffolds and our recent findings involving three phytopathogenic fungi, i.e., Cochliobolus australiensis, Kalmusia variispora and Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, herein, we evaluate the in vitro anti-cancer activity of the metabolites of these fungi by MTT assays on three cancer cell models harboring various resistance levels to chemotherapeutic drugs. Radicinin, a phytotoxic dihydropyranopyran-4,5-dione produced by Cochliobolus australiensis, with great potential for the biocontrol of the invasive weed buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), showed significant anticancer activity in the micromolar range. Furthermore, a SAR study was carried out using radicinin, some natural analogues and hemisynthetic derivatives prepared by synthetic methods developed as part of work aimed at the potential application of these molecules as bioherbicides. This investigation opens new avenues for the design and synthesis of novel radicinin analogues as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Accès 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
- ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Patrizia Scafato
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
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Masi M, Meyer S, Clement S, Cimmino A, Cristofaro M, Evidente A. Cochliotoxin, a Dihydropyranopyran-4,5-dione, and Its Analogues Produced by Cochliobolus australiensis Display Phytotoxic Activity against Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1241-1247. [PMID: 28422495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare or Cenchrus ciliaris) is a perennial grass that has become highly invasive in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona. In the search for novel control strategies against this weed, strains of the foliar fungal pathogen Cochliobolus australiensis from buffelgrass have been screened for their ability to produce phytotoxic metabolites that could potentially be used as natural herbicides in an integrated pest management strategy. A new phytotoxin, named cochliotoxin, was isolated from liquid culture of this fungus together with radicinin, radicinol, and their 3-epimers. Cochliotoxin was characterized, essentially by spectroscopic methods, as 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-7-(3-methyloxiranyl)-2,3-dihydropyrano[4,3-b]pyran-4,5-dione. Its relative stereochemistry was assigned by 1H NMR techniques, while the absolute configuration (2S,3S) was determined applying the advanced Mosher's method by esterification of its hydroxy group at C-3. When bioassayed in a buffelgrass coleoptile elongation test and by leaf puncture bioassay against the host weed and two nontarget grasses, cochliotoxin showed strong phytotoxicity. In the same tests, radicinin and 3-epi-radicinin also showed phytotoxic activity, while radicinol and 3-epi-radicinol were largely inactive. All five compounds were more active in leaf puncture bioassays on buffelgrass than on the nontarget grass tanglehead (Heteropogon contortus), while the nontarget grass Arizona cottontop (Digitaria californica) was more sensitive to radicinin and 3-epi-radicinin. Cochliotoxin at low concentration was significantly more active on buffelgrass than on either native grass, but the difference was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- BBCA Onlus , Via A. Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Susan Meyer
- Shrub Sciences Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station , 735 North 500 East, Provo, Utah 84606, United States
| | - Suzette Clement
- Shrub Sciences Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station , 735 North 500 East, Provo, Utah 84606, United States
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Cristofaro
- BBCA Onlus , Via A. Signorelli 105, 00123 Rome, Italy
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, SSPT-BIOAG-PROBIO , Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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First report: Penicillium adametzioides, a potential biocontrol agent for ochratoxin-producing fungus in grapes, resulting from natural product pre-harvest treatment. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mateo EM, Valle-Algarra FM, Mateo-Castro R, Jimenez M. Impact of non-selective fungicides on the growth and production of ochratoxin A by Aspergillus ochraceus and A. carbonarius in barley-based medium. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:86-97. [PMID: 21128138 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.529621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the non-selective fungicides mancozeb, copper oxychloride, and sulfur on the growth and capability for producing ochratoxin A (OTA) of ochratoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus carbonarius and A. ochraceus in barley-based medium. Lag phases and growth rates were determined for each fungicide at different doses, at 15°C and 25°C and at 0.97 a(w). Mancozeb at 40 mg l(-1 )inhibited fungal growth and provided lag phases >24 days at 10-20 mg l(-1) and 15°C. OTA was observed only at 25°C and doses <10 mg l(-1). At 15°C, copper oxychloride proved inhibitory at 800 mg l(-1), while at 25°C growth was not delayed and only high doses decreased OTA levels. Sulfur was inhibitory or provided large lag phases at 5-8 g l(-1) (at 15°C) while at 25°C growth took place even at 8 g l(-1), although OTA levels were low or undetectable. The antifungal activity decreased in the order mancozeb > copper oxychloride > sulfur, and was lower at 25°C than at 15°C. OTA accumulation was affected by the type of fungicide, dose, temperature and time. The efficacy of these fungicides on the growth of A. carbonarius and A. ochraceus and OTA production in barley-based medium is assessed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Mateo
- Dep. de Microbiologia y Ecologia, Universitat de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Varga J, Kocsubé S, Péteri Z, Vágvölgyi C, Tóth B. Chemical, physical and biological approaches to prevent ochratoxin induced toxicoses in humans and animals. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1718-50. [PMID: 22069658 PMCID: PMC3153271 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2071718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxins are polyketide derived fungal secondary metabolites with nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties. Ochratoxin-producing fungi may contaminate agricultural products in the field (preharvest spoilage), during storage (postharvest spoilage), or during processing. Ochratoxin contamination of foods and feeds poses a serious health hazard to animals and humans. Several strategies have been investigated for lowering the ochratoxin content in agricultural products. These strategies can be classified into three main categories: prevention of ochratoxin contamination, decontamination or detoxification of foods contaminated with ochratoxins, and inhibition of the absorption of consumed ochratoxins in the gastrointestinal tract. This paper gives an overview of the strategies that are promising with regard to lowering the ochratoxin burden of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Zsanett Péteri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
- PannonPharma Company, Mária dűlő 36, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Beáta Tóth
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Limited Company, Alsókikötő sor 9, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.T.)
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Madrigal-Santillán E, Morales-González JA, Vargas-Mendoza N, Reyes-Ramírez P, Cruz-Jaime S, Sumaya-Martínez T, Pérez-Pastén R, Madrigal-Bujaidar E. Antigenotoxic studies of different substances to reduce the DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:738-57. [PMID: 22069607 PMCID: PMC3153197 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are produced mainly by the mycelial structure of filamentous fungi, or more specifically, molds. These secondary metabolites are synthesized during the end of the exponential growth phase and appear to have no biochemical significance in fungal growth and development. The contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins is a significant problem for the adverse effects on humans, animals, and crops that result in illnesses and economic losses. The toxic effect of the ingestion of mycotoxins in humans and animals depends on a number of factors including intake levels, duration of exposure, toxin species, mechanisms of action, metabolism, and defense mechanisms. In general, the consumption of contaminated food and feed with mycotoxin induces to neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effect in humans and/or animals. The most significant mycotoxins in terms of public health and agronomic perspective include the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), trichothecenes, fumonisins, patulin, and the ergot alkaloids. Due to the detrimental effects of these mycotoxins, several strategies have been developed in order to reduce the risk of exposure. These include the degradation, destruction, inactivation or removal of mycotoxins through chemical, physical and biological methods. However, the results obtained with these methods have not been optimal, because they may change the organoleptic characteristics and nutritional values of food. Another alternative strategy to prevent or reduce the toxic effects of mycotoxins is by applying antimutagenic agents. These substances act according to several extra- or intracellular mechanisms, their main goal being to avoid the interaction of mycotoxins with DNA; as a consequence of their action, these agents would inhibit mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. This article reviews the main strategies used to control AFB(1) and ochratoxin A and contains an analysis of some antigenotoxic substances that reduce the DNA damage caused by these mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo., Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción. Tilcuautla. Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo. CP 42080, México; (J.A.M.); (N.V.); (P.R.); (S.C.); (T.S.)
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, I.P.N., Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Unidad A. López Mateos. Zacatenco. Col Lindavista. D.F. CP 07738, México; (E.M.B.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo., Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción. Tilcuautla. Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo. CP 42080, México; (J.A.M.); (N.V.); (P.R.); (S.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo., Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción. Tilcuautla. Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo. CP 42080, México; (J.A.M.); (N.V.); (P.R.); (S.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Patricia Reyes-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo., Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción. Tilcuautla. Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo. CP 42080, México; (J.A.M.); (N.V.); (P.R.); (S.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Sandra Cruz-Jaime
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo., Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción. Tilcuautla. Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo. CP 42080, México; (J.A.M.); (N.V.); (P.R.); (S.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Teresa Sumaya-Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo., Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción. Tilcuautla. Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo. CP 42080, México; (J.A.M.); (N.V.); (P.R.); (S.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Pastén
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, I.P.N., Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Unidad A. López Mateos. Zacatenco. Col Lindavista. D.F. CP 07738, México; (R.P.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, I.P.N., Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Unidad A. López Mateos. Zacatenco. Col Lindavista. D.F. CP 07738, México; (E.M.B.)
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