1
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Maudet C, Kheloufi M, Levallois S, Gaillard J, Huang L, Gaultier C, Tsai YH, Disson O, Lecuit M. Bacterial inhibition of Fas-mediated killing promotes neuroinvasion and persistence. Nature 2022; 603:900-906. [PMID: 35296858 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections of the central nervous system are among the most serious infections1,2, but the mechanisms by which pathogens access the brain remain poorly understood. The model microorganism Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a major foodborne pathogen that causes neurolisteriosis, one of the deadliest infections of the central nervous system3,4. Although immunosuppression is a well-established host risk factor for neurolisteriosis3,5, little is known about the bacterial factors that underlie the neuroinvasion of Lm. Here we develop a clinically relevant experimental model of neurolisteriosis, using hypervirulent neuroinvasive strains6 inoculated in a humanized mouse model of infection7, and we show that the bacterial surface protein InlB protects infected monocytes from Fas-mediated cell death by CD8+ T cells in a manner that depends on c-Met, PI3 kinase and FLIP. This blockade of specific anti-Lm cellular immune killing lengthens the lifespan of infected monocytes, and thereby favours the transfer of Lm from infected monocytes to the brain. The intracellular niche that is created by InlB-mediated cell-autonomous immune resistance also promotes Lm faecal shedding, which accounts for the selection of InlB as a core virulence gene of Lm. We have uncovered a specific mechanism by which a bacterial pathogen confers an increased lifespan to the cells it infects by rendering them resistant to cell-mediated immunity. This promotes the persistence of Lm within the host, its dissemination to the central nervous system and its transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Maudet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
| | - Marouane Kheloufi
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Levallois
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
| | - Julien Gaillard
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
| | - Lei Huang
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Gaultier
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
| | - Yu-Huan Tsai
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France. .,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, Paris, France. .,Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, APHP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
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2
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Impens F, Dussurget O. Three decades of listeriology through the prism of technological advances. Cell Microbiol 2021; 22:e13183. [PMID: 32185895 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Decades of breakthroughs resulting from cross feeding of microbiological research and technological innovation have promoted Listeria monocytogenes to the rank of model microorganism to study host-pathogen interactions. The extraordinary capacity of this bacterium to interfere with a vast array of host cellular processes uncovered new concepts in microbiology, cell biology and infection biology. Here, we review technological advances that revealed how bacteria and host interact in space and time at the molecular, cellular, tissue and whole body scales, ultimately revolutionising our understanding of Listeria pathogenesis. With the current bloom of multidisciplinary integrative approaches, Listeria entered a new microbiology era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Impens
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomedical Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Recherche Yersinia, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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3
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Peron-Cane C, Fernandez JC, Leblanc J, Wingertsmann L, Gautier A, Desprat N, Lebreton A. Fluorescent secreted bacterial effectors reveal active intravacuolar proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes in epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009001. [PMID: 33045003 PMCID: PMC7580998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time imaging of bacterial virulence factor dynamics is hampered by the limited number of fluorescent tools suitable for tagging secreted effectors. Here, we demonstrated that the fluorogenic reporter FAST could be used to tag secreted proteins, and we implemented it to monitor infection dynamics in epithelial cells exposed to the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). By tracking individual FAST-labelled vacuoles after Lm internalisation into cells, we unveiled the heterogeneity of residence time inside entry vacuoles. Although half of the bacterial population escaped within 13 minutes after entry, 12% of bacteria remained entrapped over an hour inside long term vacuoles, and sometimes much longer, regardless of the secretion of the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). We imaged LLO-FAST in these long-term vacuoles, and showed that LLO enabled Lm to proliferate inside these compartments, reminiscent of what had been previously observed for Spacious Listeria-containing phagosomes (SLAPs). Unexpectedly, inside epithelial SLAP-like vacuoles (eSLAPs), Lm proliferated as fast as in the host cytosol. eSLAPs thus constitute an alternative replication niche in epithelial cells that might promote the colonization of host tissues. Bacterial pathogens secrete virulence factors to subvert their hosts; however, monitoring bacterial secretion in real-time remains challenging. Here, we developed a convenient method that enabled fluorescent imaging of secreted proteins in live microscopy, and applied it to the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria has been described to invade cells and proliferate in their cytosol; it is first internalized inside vacuoles, from where it escapes thanks to the secretion of virulence factors that disrupt membranes. Our work revealed the existence, in human epithelial cells, of a population of Listeria that failed to escape vacuoles but instead multiplied efficiently therein, despite—and in fact, thanks to—the active secretion of a toxin that permeates membranes. This intravacuolar niche may provide Listeria with an alternative strategy to colonize its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Peron-Cane
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut de biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - José-Carlos Fernandez
- Institut de biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Julien Leblanc
- Institut de biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Laure Wingertsmann
- Institut de biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France
| | - Nicolas Desprat
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut de biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- UFR de Physique, Université Paris-Diderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (ND); (AL)
| | - Alice Lebreton
- Institut de biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- INRAE, IBENS, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (ND); (AL)
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4
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Bianchi F, van den Bogaart G. Vacuolar escape of foodborne bacterial pathogens. J Cell Sci 2020; 134:134/5/jcs247221. [PMID: 32873733 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Shigella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus are major causes of foodborne illnesses. Following the ingestion of contaminated food or beverages, pathogens can invade epithelial cells, immune cells and other cell types. Pathogens survive and proliferate intracellularly via two main strategies. First, the pathogens can remain in membrane-bound vacuoles and tailor organellar trafficking to evade host-cell defenses and gain access to nutrients. Second, pathogens can rupture the vacuolar membrane and proliferate within the nutrient-rich cytosol of the host cell. Although this virulence strategy of vacuolar escape is well known for L. monocytogenes and Shigella spp., it has recently become clear that S. aureus and Salmonella spp. also gain access to the cytosol, and that this is important for their survival and growth. In this Review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of how these intracellular pathogens rupture the vacuolar membrane by secreting a combination of proteins that lyse the membranes or that remodel the lipids of the vacuolar membrane, such as phospholipases. In addition, we also propose that oxidation of the vacuolar membrane also contributes to cytosolic pathogen escape. Understanding these escape mechanisms could aid in the identification of new therapeutic approaches to combat foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans Bianchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9722GR Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9722GR Groningen, The Netherlands .,Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 9625GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Quereda JJ, Morel C, Lopez-Montero N, Ziveri J, Rolland S, Grenier T, Aulner N, Danckaert A, Charbit A, Enninga J, Cossart P, Pizarro-Cerdá J. A role for Taok2 in Listeria monocytogenes vacuolar escape. J Infect Dis 2020; 225:1005-1010. [PMID: 32582947 PMCID: PMC8922001 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes invades host cells, ruptures the internalization vacuole, and reaches the cytosol for replication. A high-content small interfering RNA (siRNA) microscopy screen allowed us to identify epithelial cell factors involved in L. monocytogenes vacuolar rupture, including the serine/threonine kinase Taok2. Kinase activity inhibition using a specific drug validated a role for Taok2 in favoring L. monocytogenes cytoplasmic access. Furthermore, we showed that Taok2 recruitment to L. monocytogenes vacuoles requires the presence of pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O. Overall, our study identified the first set of host factors modulating L. monocytogenes vacuolar rupture and cytoplasmic access in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Quereda
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France.,Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia,. Spain
| | - Camille Morel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
| | - Noelia Lopez-Montero
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Jason Ziveri
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Steven Rolland
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
| | - Théodore Grenier
- Univ Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Aulner
- Institut Pasteur, UTechS Photonics Bioimaging/C2RT , Paris, France
| | - Anne Danckaert
- Institut Pasteur, UTechS Photonics Bioimaging/C2RT , Paris, France
| | - Alain Charbit
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jost Enninga
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
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6
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The spatial dimensions of host cells and bacterial microbes are perfectly suited to being studied by microscopy techniques. Therefore, cellular imaging has been instrumental in uncovering many paradigms of the intracellular lifestyle of microbes. Initially, microscopy was used as a qualitative, descriptive tool. However, with the onset of specific markers and the power of computer-assisted image analysis, imaging can now be used to gather quantitative data on biological processes. This makes imaging a driving force for the study of cellular phenomena. One particular imaging modality stands out, which is based on the physical principles of fluorescence. Fluorescence is highly specific and therefore can be exploited to label biomolecules of choice. It is also very sensitive, making it possible to follow individual molecules with this approach. Also, microscopy hardware has played an important role in putting microscopy in the spotlight for host-pathogen investigations. For example, microscopes have been automated for microscopy-based screenings. A new generation of microscopes and molecular probes are being used to image events below the resolution limit of light. Finally, workflows are being developed to link light microscopy with electron microscopy methods via correlative light electron microscopy. We are witnessing a golden age of cellular imaging in cellular microbiology.
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7
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Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulating virulence have been identified in most pathogens. This review discusses RNA-mediated mechanisms exploited by bacterial pathogens to successfully infect and colonize their hosts. It discusses the most representative RNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms employed by two intracellular [Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium)] and two extracellular (Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial pathogens. We review the RNA-mediated regulators (e.g., thermosensors, riboswitches, cis- and trans-encoded RNAs) used for adaptation to the specific niches colonized by these bacteria (intestine, blood, or the intracellular environment, for example) in the framework of the specific pathophysiological aspects of the diseases caused by these microorganisms. A critical discussion of the newest findings in the field of bacterial ncRNAs shows how examples in model pathogens could pave the way for the discovery of new mechanisms in other medically important bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Quereda
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris F-75015, France; , .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris F-75015, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris F-75015, France; , .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U604, Paris F-75015, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris F-75015, France
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8
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Quereda JJ, Sachse M, Balestrino D, Grenier T, Fredlund J, Danckaert A, Aulner N, Shorte S, Enninga J, Cossart P, Pizarro-Cerdá J. Assessing Vacuolar Escape of Listeria Monocytogenes. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1535:173-195. [PMID: 27914079 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6673-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen which invades and multiplies within non-professional phagocytes. Signaling cascades involved in cellular entry have been extensively analyzed, but the events leading to vacuolar escape remain less clear. In this chapter, we detail a microscopy FRET-based assay which allows quantitatively measuring L. monocytogenes infection and escape from its internalization vacuole, as well as a correlative light/electron microscopy method to investigate the morphological features of the vacuolar compartments containing L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Quereda
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, 75015, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Martin Sachse
- Institut Pasteur, Ultrapole-CITech, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Damien Balestrino
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, 75015, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, 75015, France
- UMR CNRS 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Environnement, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Théodore Grenier
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, 75015, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Jennifer Fredlund
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Anne Danckaert
- Institut Pasteur, Imagopole-CITech, Paris, 75015, France
| | | | - Spencer Shorte
- Institut Pasteur, Imagopole-CITech, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Jost Enninga
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM, U604, Paris, 75015, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France.
- INSERM, U604, Paris, 75015, France.
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, 75015, France.
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