1
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Marine Cyanobacteria as Sources of Lead Anticancer Compounds: A Review of Families of Metabolites with Cytotoxic, Antiproliferative, and Antineoplastic Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154814. [PMID: 35956762 PMCID: PMC9369884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is highly diverse, each living creature fighting to establish and proliferate. Among marine organisms, cyanobacteria are astounding secondary metabolite producers representing a wonderful source of biologically active molecules aimed to communicate, defend from predators, or compete. Studies on these molecules’ origins and activities have been systematic, although much is still to be discovered. Their broad chemical diversity results from integrating peptide and polyketide synthetases and synthases, along with cascades of biosynthetic transformations resulting in new chemical structures. Cyanobacteria are glycolipid, macrolide, peptide, and polyketide producers, and to date, hundreds of these molecules have been isolated and tested. Many of these compounds have demonstrated important bioactivities such as cytotoxicity, antineoplastic, and antiproliferative activity with potential pharmacological uses. Some are currently under clinical investigation. Additionally, conventional chemotherapeutic treatments include drugs with a well-known range of side effects, making anticancer drug research from new sources, such as marine cyanobacteria, necessary. This review is focused on the anticancer bioactivities of metabolites produced by marine cyanobacteria, emphasizing the identification of each variant of the metabolite family, their chemical structures, and the mechanisms of action underlying their biological and pharmacological activities.
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2
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Santos-Aberturas J, Vior NM. Beyond Soil-Dwelling Actinobacteria: Fantastic Antibiotics and Where to Find Them. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:195. [PMID: 35203798 PMCID: PMC8868522 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial secondary metabolites represent an invaluable source of bioactive molecules for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Although screening campaigns for the discovery of new compounds have traditionally been strongly biased towards the study of soil-dwelling Actinobacteria, the current antibiotic resistance and discovery crisis has brought a considerable amount of attention to the study of previously neglected bacterial sources of secondary metabolites. The development and application of new screening, sequencing, genetic manipulation, cultivation and bioinformatic techniques have revealed several other groups of bacteria as producers of striking chemical novelty. Biosynthetic machineries evolved from independent taxonomic origins and under completely different ecological requirements and selective pressures are responsible for these structural innovations. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries related to secondary metabolites from alternative bacterial sources, trying to provide the reader with a broad perspective on how technical novelties have facilitated the access to the bacterial metabolic dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia M. Vior
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR7 4UH, UK
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3
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Anti-Proliferative Potential of Secondary Metabolites from the Marine Sponge Theonella sp.: Moving from Correlation toward Causation. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080532. [PMID: 34436473 PMCID: PMC8400523 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges have been recognized as a rich source of potential anti-proliferative metabolites. Currently, there are two sponge-derived anti-cancer agents (a macrolide and a nucleoside) isolated from the Porifera phylum, suggesting the great potential of this sponge as a rich source for anti-neoplastic agents. To search for more bioactive metabolites from this phylum, we examined the EtOAc extract of Theonella sp. sponge. We isolated seven compounds (1–7), including four 4-methylene sterols (1–4), two nucleosides (5 and 6), and one macrolide (7). Among them, theonellasterol L (1) was identified for the first time, while 5′-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine (5) and 5′-O-acetylthymidine (6) were the first identified deoxyuridine and thymidine derivatives from the sponge Theonella sp. These structures were elucidated based on their spectroscopic data. The anti-proliferation activity of compounds 1–7 against the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, T-47D, HCT-116, DLD-1, K562, and Molt 4 cancer cell lines was determined. The results indicated that the 14-/15-oxygenated moiety played an important role in the antiproliferative activity and the macrolide derivatives dominated the anti-proliferative effect of the sponge Theonella sp. The in silico analysis, using a chemical global positioning system for natural products (ChemGPS-NP), indicated an anti-proliferative mode of actions (MOA) suggesting the potential applications of the isolated active metabolites as anti-proliferative agents.
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4
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Uemura D, Kawazoe Y, Inuzuka T, Itakura Y, Kawamata C, Abe T. Drug Leads Derived from Japanese Marine Organisms. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:196-210. [PMID: 31642409 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191022125851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products with extraordinary chemical structures and brilliant biological activities have been obtained from marine organisms. We have investigated such fascinating bioactive molecules, exemplified by the potent marine toxin palytoxin and the antitumor molecule halichondrin B, which has been developed as the anticancer drug Halaven®, to explore novel frontiers in organic chemistry and bioscience. Working within the traditional discipline, we have sought to acquire a deeper understanding of biological phenomena. We introduce here our major work along with up-todate topics. We isolated yoshinone A from marine cyanobacteria and completed a gram-scale synthesis. Yoshinone A is a novel polyketide that inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes without significant cytotoxicity. The detailed mechanisms of action will be elucidated via further experiments in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we explore the true producers of okadaic acid and halichondrin B by immunostaining of Halichondria okadai with an antibody that was prepared using these natural products as an antigen. We will analyze isolated symbionts and reveal biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uemura
- Institute for Advanced Research (Emeritus), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawazoe
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Karatsu, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Itakura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Chiari Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
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5
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Munawaroh HSH, Apdila ET, Awai K. hetN and patS Mutations Enhance Accumulation of Fatty Alcohols in the hglT Mutants of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:804. [PMID: 32733494 PMCID: PMC7360850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The heterocysts present in filamentous cyanobacteria such as Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 are known to be regulated by HetN and PatS, the repressors of heterocyst differentiation; therefore, the inactivation of these proteins will result in the formation of multiple heterocysts. To enhance the accumulation of fatty alcohols synthesized in the heterocyst, we introduced mutations of these repressors to increase heterocyst frequency. First, we isolated double mutants of hetN and patS and confirmed that the null mutation of these genes promoted higher frequencies of heterocyst formation and higher accumulation of heterocyst-specific glycolipids (Hgls) compared with its wild type. Next, we combined hetN and patS mutations with an hglT (encoding glycosyltransferase, an enzyme involved in Hgl synthesis) mutation to increase the accumulation of fatty alcohols since knockout mutation of hglT results in accumulation of very long chain fatty alcohol, the precursor of Hgl. We also observed retarded growth, lower chlorophyll content and up to a five-fold decrease in photosynthetic activity of the hetN/patS/hglT triple mutants. In contrast, the triple mutants showed three times higher heterocyst formation frequencies than the hglT single mutant and wild type. The production rate of fatty alcohol in the triple mutants attained a value 1.41 nmol/mL OD730, whereas accumulation of Hgls in the wild type was 0.90 nmol/mL OD730. Aeration of culture improved the accumulation of fatty alcohols in hetN/patS/hglT mutant cells up to 2.97 nmol/mL OD730 compared with cells cultured by rotation. Our study outlines an alternative strategy for fatty alcohol production supported by photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Laboratory of Chemistry Study Program, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Egi Tritya Apdila
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Awai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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6
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Reher R, Kim HW, Zhang C, Mao HH, Wang M, Nothias LF, Caraballo-Rodriguez AM, Glukhov E, Teke B, Leao T, Alexander KL, Duggan BM, Van Everbroeck EL, Dorrestein PC, Cottrell GW, Gerwick WH. A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Approach for the Rapid Annotation of Molecularly Diverse Natural Products. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4114-4120. [PMID: 32045230 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the first application of the novel NMR-based machine learning tool "Small Molecule Accurate Recognition Technology" (SMART 2.0) for mixture analysis and subsequent accelerated discovery and characterization of new natural products. The concept was applied to the extract of a filamentous marine cyanobacterium known to be a prolific producer of cytotoxic natural products. This environmental Symploca extract was roughly fractionated, and then prioritized and guided by cancer cell cytotoxicity, NMR-based SMART 2.0, and MS2-based molecular networking. This led to the isolation and rapid identification of a new chimeric swinholide-like macrolide, symplocolide A, as well as the annotation of swinholide A, samholides A-I, and several new derivatives. The planar structure of symplocolide A was confirmed to be a structural hybrid between swinholide A and luminaolide B by 1D/2D NMR and LC-MS2 analysis. A second example applies SMART 2.0 to the characterization of structurally novel cyclic peptides, and compares this approach to the recently appearing "atomic sort" method. This study exemplifies the revolutionary potential of combined traditional and deep learning-assisted analytical approaches to overcome longstanding challenges in natural products drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reher
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Huanru Henry Mao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Louis-Félix Nothias
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Andres Mauricio Caraballo-Rodriguez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Evgenia Glukhov
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bahar Teke
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tiago Leao
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kelsey L Alexander
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Brendan M Duggan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ezra L Van Everbroeck
- Director's Office, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Garrison W Cottrell
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William H Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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7
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Saito T, Awai K. A polyketide synthase HglE A, but not HglE2, synthesizes heterocyst specific glycolipids in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2020; 66:99-105. [PMID: 32074520 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Heterocysts are the specialized cells for nitrogen fixation in some filamentous cyanobacteria. To protect the oxygen labile nitrogen fixing enzyme, nitrogenase, heterocysts keep their inner environment microoxic by developing layers of barrier on the outside of their outer membranes. Heterocyst specific glycolipids (Hgls) are constituents of the layer of barrier and amphipathic compounds, synthesized from a very long chain fatty alcohol as a hydrophobic tail and a sugar as a polar head. In the model heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, Hgls are made of fatty alcohol with 26 carbons and a glucose, linked by an ether bond in alpha configuration. The fatty alcohol is synthesized via reactions of a polyketide synthase, HglEA. In Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, another polyketide synthase HglE2 shared more than 50% identity in an amino acid sequence with HglEA and is expected to be involved in Hgls synthesis. However, no direct evidence has been reported. Here, we experimentally show that HglEA is the contributor of Hgls synthesis, and that HglE2 is not involved in the development of the heterocyst specific glycolipid layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichiro Awai
- Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University.,Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University.,JST, PRESTO
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8
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Fewer DP, Metsä‐Ketelä M. A pharmaceutical model for the molecular evolution of microbial natural products. FEBS J 2019; 287:1429-1449. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Fewer
- Department of Microbiology University of Helsinki Finland
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9
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Paul VJ, Freeman CJ, Agarwal V. Chemical Ecology of Marine Sponges: New Opportunities through "-Omics". Integr Comp Biol 2019; 59:765-776. [PMID: 30942859 PMCID: PMC6797912 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical ecology and chemical defenses of sponges have been investigated for decades; consequently, sponges are among the best understood marine organisms in terms of their chemical ecology, from the level of molecules to ecosystems. Thousands of natural products have been isolated and characterized from sponges, and although relatively few of these compounds have been studied for their ecological functions, some are known to serve as chemical defenses against predators, microorganisms, fouling organisms, and other competitors. Sponges are hosts to an exceptional diversity of microorganisms, with almost 40 microbial phyla found in these associations to date. Microbial community composition and abundance are highly variable across host taxa, with a continuum from diverse assemblages of many microbial taxa to those that are dominated by a single microbial group. Microbial communities expand the nutritional repertoire of their hosts by providing access to inorganic and dissolved sources of nutrients. Not only does this continuum of microorganism-sponge associations lead to divergent nutritional characteristics in sponges, these associated microorganisms and symbionts have long been suspected, and are now known, to biosynthesize some of the natural products found in sponges. Modern "omics" tools provide ways to study these sponge-microbe associations that would have been difficult even a decade ago. Metabolomics facilitate comparisons of sponge compounds produced within and among taxa, and metagenomics and metatranscriptomics provide tools to understand the biology of host-microbe associations and the biosynthesis of ecologically relevant natural products. These combinations of ecological, microbiological, metabolomic and genomics tools, and techniques provide unprecedented opportunities to advance sponge biology and chemical ecology across many marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA
| | - Christopher J Freeman
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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10
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Thuan NH, An TT, Shrestha A, Canh NX, Sohng JK, Dhakal D. Recent Advances in Exploration and Biotechnological Production of Bioactive Compounds in Three Cyanobacterial Genera: Nostoc, Lyngbya, and Microcystis. Front Chem 2019; 7:604. [PMID: 31552222 PMCID: PMC6734169 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, are only Gram-negative bacteria with the capacity of oxygenic photosynthesis, so termed as “Cyanophyta” or “blue-green algae.” Their habitat is ubiquitous, which includes the diverse environments, such as soil, water, rock and other organisms (symbiosis, commensalism, or parasitism, etc.,). They are characterized as prominent producers of numerous types of important compounds with anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Among the various cyanobacterial genera, members belonging to genera Nostoc, Lyngbya, and Microcystis possess greater attention. The major reason for that is the strains belonging to these genera produce the compounds with diverse activities/structures, including compounds in preclinical and/or clinical trials (cryptophycin and curacin), or the compounds retaining unique activities such as protease inhibitor (micropeptins and aeruginosins). Most of these compounds were tested for their efficacy and mechanism of action(MOA) through in vitro and/or in vivo studies. Recently, the advances in culture techniques of these cyanobacteria, and isolation, purification, and chromatographic analysis of their compounds have revealed insurmountable novel bioactive compounds from these cyanobacteria. This review provides comprehensive update on the origin, isolation and purification methods, chemical structures and biological activities of the major compounds from Nostoc, Lyngbya, and Microcystis. In addition, multi-omics approaches and biotechnological production of compounds from selected cyanobacterial genera have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Tran Tuan An
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Anil Shrestha
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Xuan Canh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea.,Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, South Korea
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11
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Demay J, Bernard C, Reinhardt A, Marie B. Natural Products from Cyanobacteria: Focus on Beneficial Activities. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E320. [PMID: 31151260 PMCID: PMC6627551 DOI: 10.3390/md17060320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that colonize diverse environments worldwide, ranging from ocean to freshwaters, soils, and extreme environments. Their adaptation capacities and the diversity of natural products that they synthesize, support cyanobacterial success in colonization of their respective ecological niches. Although cyanobacteria are well-known for their toxin production and their relative deleterious consequences, they also produce a large variety of molecules that exhibit beneficial properties with high potential in various fields (e.g., a synthetic analog of dolastatin 10 is used against Hodgkin's lymphoma). The present review focuses on the beneficial activities of cyanobacterial molecules described so far. Based on an analysis of 670 papers, it appears that more than 90 genera of cyanobacteria have been observed to produce compounds with potentially beneficial activities in which most of them belong to the orders Oscillatoriales, Nostocales, Chroococcales, and Synechococcales. The rest of the cyanobacterial orders (i.e., Pleurocapsales, Chroococcidiopsales, and Gloeobacterales) remain poorly explored in terms of their molecular diversity and relative bioactivity. The diverse cyanobacterial metabolites possessing beneficial bioactivities belong to 10 different chemical classes (alkaloids, depsipeptides, lipopeptides, macrolides/lactones, peptides, terpenes, polysaccharides, lipids, polyketides, and others) that exhibit 14 major kinds of bioactivity. However, no direct relationship between the chemical class and the respective bioactivity of these molecules has been demonstrated. We further selected and specifically described 47 molecule families according to their respective bioactivities and their potential uses in pharmacology, cosmetology, agriculture, or other specific fields of interest. With this up-to-date review, we attempt to present new perspectives for the rational discovery of novel cyanobacterial metabolites with beneficial bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Demay
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
- Thermes de Balaruc-les-Bains, 1 rue du Mont Saint-Clair BP 45, 34540 Balaruc-Les-Bains, France.
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Anita Reinhardt
- Thermes de Balaruc-les-Bains, 1 rue du Mont Saint-Clair BP 45, 34540 Balaruc-Les-Bains, France.
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS, Paris, 12 rue Buffon, CP 39, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
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12
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Morita M, Schmidt EW. Parallel lives of symbionts and hosts: chemical mutualism in marine animals. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:357-378. [PMID: 29441375 PMCID: PMC6025756 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 Symbiotic microbes interact with animals, often by producing natural products (specialized metabolites; secondary metabolites) that exert a biological role. A major goal is to determine which microbes produce biologically important compounds, a deceptively challenging task that often rests on correlative results, rather than hypothesis testing. Here, we examine the challenges and successes from the perspective of marine animal-bacterial mutualisms. These animals have historically provided a useful model because of their technical accessibility. By comparing biological systems, we suggest a common framework for establishing chemical interactions between animals and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Morita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA 84112.
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13
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Tao Y, Li P, Zhang D, Glukhov E, Gerwick L, Zhang C, Murray TF, Gerwick WH. Samholides, Swinholide-Related Metabolites from a Marine Cyanobacterium cf. Phormidium sp. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3034-3046. [PMID: 29457979 PMCID: PMC5859247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cancer cell cytotoxicity was used
to guide the isolation of nine
new swinholide-related compounds, named samholides A–I (1–9), from an American Samoan marine cyanobacterium
cf. Phormidium sp. Their structures were determined
by extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The new
compounds share an unusual 20-demethyl 44-membered lactone ring composed
of two monomers, and they demonstrate structural diversity arising
from geometric isomerization of double bonds, sugar units with unique
glyceryl moieties and varied methylation patterns. All of the new
samholides were potently active against the H-460 human lung cancer
cell line with IC50 values ranging from 170 to 910 nM.
The isolation of these new swinholide-related compounds from a marine
cyanobacterium reinvigorates questions concerning the evolution and
biosynthetic origin of these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , People's Republic of China.,Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Pinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266235 , People's Republic of China.,Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Daojing Zhang
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Evgenia Glukhov
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Lena Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Thomas F Murray
- Department of Pharmacology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , Nebraska 68178 , United States
| | - William H Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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Single-bacterial genomics validates rich and varied specialized metabolism of uncultivated Entotheonella sponge symbionts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1718-1723. [PMID: 29439203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715496115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are prolific sources of unique bioactive natural products. The sponge Theonella swinhoei is represented by several distinct variants with largely nonoverlapping chemistry. For the Japanese chemotype Y harboring diverse complex polyketides and peptides, we previously provided genomic and functional evidence that a single symbiont, the filamentous, multicellular organism "Candidatus Entotheonella factor," produces almost all of these compounds. To obtain further insights into the chemistry of "Entotheonella," we investigated another phylotype, "Candidatus Entotheonella serta," present in the T. swinhoei WA sponge chemotype, a source of theonellamide- and misakinolide-type compounds. Unexpectedly, considering the lower chemical diversity, sequencing of individual bacterial filaments revealed an even larger number of biosynthetic gene regions than for Ca E. factor, with virtually no overlap. These included genes for misakinolide and theonellamide biosynthesis, the latter assigned by comparative genomic and metabolic analysis of a T. swinhoei chemotype from Israel, and by biochemical studies. The data suggest that both compound families, which were among the earliest model substances to study bacterial producers in sponges, originate from the same bacterium in T. swinhoei WA. They also add evidence that metabolic richness and variability could be a more general feature of Entotheonella symbionts.
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