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Ferrero-Bordera B, Bartel J, van Dijl JM, Becher D, Maaß S. From the outer space to the inner cell: deconvoluting the complexity of Bacillus subtilis disulfide stress responses by redox state and absolute abundance quantification of extracellular, membrane, and cytosolic proteins. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0261623. [PMID: 38358275 PMCID: PMC10986503 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02616-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding cellular mechanisms of stress management relies on omics data as a valuable resource. However, the lack of absolute quantitative data on protein abundances remains a significant limitation, particularly when comparing protein abundances across different cell compartments. In this study, we aimed to gain deeper insights into the proteomic responses of the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis to disulfide stress. We determined proteome-wide absolute abundances, focusing on different sub-cellular locations (cytosol and membrane) as well as the extracellular medium, and combined these data with redox state determination. To quantify secreted proteins in the culture medium, we developed a simple and straightforward protocol for the absolute quantification of extracellular proteins in bacteria. We concentrated extracellular proteins, which are highly diluted in the medium, using StrataClean beads along with a set of standard proteins to determine the extent of the concentration step. The resulting data set provides new insights into protein abundances in different sub-cellular compartments and the extracellular medium, along with a comprehensive proteome-wide redox state determination. Our study offers a quantitative understanding of disulfide stress management, protein production, and secretion in B. subtilis. IMPORTANCE Stress responses play a crucial role in bacterial survival and adaptation. The ability to quantitatively measure protein abundances and redox states in different cellular compartments and the extracellular environment is essential for understanding stress management mechanisms. In this study, we addressed the knowledge gap regarding absolute quantification of extracellular proteins and compared protein concentrations in various sub-cellular locations and in the extracellular medium under disulfide stress conditions. Our findings provide valuable insights into the protein production and secretion dynamics of B. subtilis, shedding light on its stress response strategies. Furthermore, the developed protocol for absolute quantification of extracellular proteins in bacteria presents a practical and efficient approach for future studies in the field. Overall, this research contributes to the quantitative understanding of stress management mechanisms and protein dynamics in B. subtilis, which can be used to enhance bacterial stress tolerance and protein-based biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Ferrero-Bordera
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, University of Greifswald, Centre of Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bartel
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, University of Greifswald, Centre of Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dörte Becher
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, University of Greifswald, Centre of Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Maaß
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, University of Greifswald, Centre of Functional Genomics of Microbes, Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
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Öktem A, Pranoto DA, van Dijl JM. Post-translational secretion stress regulation in Bacillus subtilis is controlled by intra- and extracellular proteases. N Biotechnol 2024; 79:71-81. [PMID: 38158017 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is a prolific producer of industrial enzymes that are effectively harvested from the fermentation broth. However, the high capacity of B. subtilis for protein secretion has so far not been exploited to the full due to particular bottlenecks, including product degradation by extracellular proteases and counterproductive secretion stress responses. To unlock the Bacillus secretion pathway for difficult-to-produce proteins, various cellular interventions have been explored, including genome engineering. Our previous research has shown a superior performance of genome-reduced B. subtilis strains in the production of staphylococcal antigens compared to the parental strain 168. This was attributed, at least in part, to redirected secretion stress responses, including the presentation of elevated levels of the quality control proteases HtrA and HtrB that also catalyse protein folding. Here we show that this relates to the elimination of two homologous serine proteases, namely the cytosolic protease AprX and the extracellular protease AprE. This unprecedented posttranslational regulation of secretion stress effectors, like HtrA and HtrB, by the concerted action of cytosolic and extracellular proteases has important implications for the biotechnological application of microbial cell factories. In B. subtilis, this conclusion is underscored by extracellular degradation of the staphylococcal antigen IsaA by both AprX and AprE. Extracellular activity of the cytosolic protease AprX is remarkable since it shows that not only extracellular, but also intracellular proteases impact extracellular product levels. We therefore conclude that intracellular proteases represent new targets for improved recombinant protein production in microbial cell factories like B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Öktem
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dicky A Pranoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Schilling T, Ferrero-Bordera B, Neef J, Maaβ S, Becher D, van Dijl JM. Let There Be Light: Genome Reduction Enables Bacillus subtilis to Produce Disulfide-Bonded Gaussia Luciferase. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3656-3668. [PMID: 38011677 PMCID: PMC10729301 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a major workhorse for enzyme production in industrially relevant quantities. Compared to mammalian-based expression systems, B. subtilis presents intrinsic advantages, such as high growth rates, high space-time yield, unique protein secretion capabilities, and low maintenance costs. However, B. subtilis shows clear limitations in the production of biopharmaceuticals, especially proteins from eukaryotic origin that contain multiple disulfide bonds. In the present study, we deployed genome minimization, signal peptide screening, and coexpression of recombinant thiol oxidases as strategies to improve the ability of B. subtilis to secrete proteins with multiple disulfide bonds. Different genome-reduced strains served as the chassis for expressing the model protein Gaussia Luciferase (GLuc), which contains five disulfide bonds. These chassis lack extracellular proteases, prophages, and key sporulation genes. Importantly, compared to the reference strain with a full-size genome, the best-performing genome-minimized strain achieved over 3000-fold increased secretion of active GLuc while growing to lower cell densities. Our results show that high-level GLuc secretion relates, at least in part, to the absence of major extracellular proteases. In addition, we show that the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase requirements for disulfide bonding have changed upon genome reduction. Altogether, our results highlight genome-engineered Bacillus strains as promising expression platforms for proteins with multiple disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schilling
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen,
University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Borja Ferrero-Bordera
- Institute
of Microbiology Department of Microbial Proteomics, University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jolanda Neef
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen,
University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Maaβ
- Institute
of Microbiology Department of Microbial Proteomics, University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute
of Microbiology Department of Microbial Proteomics, University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen,
University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Ayuningrum D, Sabdaningsih A, Jati OE, Jati OE. The Potential of Phylogenetically Diverse Culturable Actinobacteria from Litopenaeus vannamei Pond Sediment as Extracellular Proteolytic and Lipolytic Enzyme Producers. Trop Life Sci Res 2022; 33:165-192. [PMID: 36545060 PMCID: PMC9747105 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2022.33.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are catalysts that can increase the reaction time of a biochemical process. Hydrolytic enzymes have a pivotal role in degrading organic waste in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the ability of actinobacteria isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei pond sediment to produce proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes, (2) to identify promising candidates using 16S rRNA gene amplification, and (3) to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA genes. A skim milk agar medium was used in the preliminary experiment of the proteolytic assay, and a Tween 20/80 medium was used in the lipolytic assay. Fifteen and 20 (out of 40) actinobacterial isolates showed great potential for proteolytic and lipolytic activities, respectively. Furthermore, four actinobacteria isolates produced both enzyme types with proteolytic and lipolytic index scores of 1-6.5. The most promising candidates were SA 2.2 (IM8), SC 2.1 (IM6), SD 1.5 (IM6) and SE 1.1 (IM8). BLAST homology results showed a high similarity between the actinobacteria isolates and Streptomyces verucosisporus, S. mangrovicola, S. barkulensis and Nocardiopsis lucentensis, respectively. Therefore, actinobacteria from Litopenaeus vannamei pond sediment are high-potential proteolytic and lipolytic enzyme producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diah Ayuningrum
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50241, Indonesia,Tropical Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50241, Indonesia,Corresponding author:
| | - Aninditia Sabdaningsih
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50241, Indonesia
| | - Oktavianto Eko Jati
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50241, Indonesia
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Qin G, Zhao X, Shen Y. Enhanced extracellular β-mannanase production by overexpressing PrsA lipoprotein in Bacillus subtilis and optimizing culture conditions. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:815-823. [PMID: 35475500 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, first, β-mannanase gene man derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CGMCC1.857 was cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis 168 to generate B. subtilis M1. However, the extracellular β-mannanase activity of B. subtilis M1 was not very high. To further increase extracellular β-mannanase extracytoplasmic molecular chaperone, PrsA lipoprotein was tandem expressed with man gene in B. subtilis 168 to yield B. subtilis M2. The secretion of β-mannanase of B. subtilis M2 was enhanced by 15.4%, compared with the control B. subtilis M1. Subsequently, process optimization strategies were also developed to enhance β-mannanase production by B. subtilis 168 M2. It was noted that the optimal temperature for β-mannanase production (25°C) was different from the optimal growth temperature (37°C) for B. subtilis. Based on these findings, a two-stage temperature control strategy was proposed where the bacterial culture was maintained at 37°C for the first 12 h to obtain a high rate of cell growth, followed by lowering the temperature to 25°C to enhance β-mannanase production. Using this strategy, the extracellular β-mannanase activity reached 5016 ± 167 U/ml at about 36 h, which was 19.1% greater than the best result obtained using a constant temperature (25°C). The result of this study showed that PrsA lipoprotein overexpression and two-stage temperature control strategy were more efficient for β-mannanase fermentation in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Xu
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongyong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuehan Dong
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Harwood CR, Kikuchi Y. The ins and outs of Bacillus proteases: activities, functions and commercial significance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6354784. [PMID: 34410368 PMCID: PMC8767453 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the majority of bacterial species divide by binary fission, and do not have distinguishable somatic and germline cells, they could be considered to be immortal. However, bacteria ‘age’ due to damage to vital cell components such as DNA and proteins. DNA damage can often be repaired using efficient DNA repair mechanisms. However, many proteins have a functional ‘shelf life’; some are short lived, while others are relatively stable. Specific degradation processes are built into the life span of proteins whose activities are required to fulfil a specific function during a prescribed period of time (e.g. cell cycle, differentiation process, stress response). In addition, proteins that are irreparably damaged or that have come to the end of their functional life span need to be removed by quality control proteases. Other proteases are involved in performing a variety of specific functions that can be broadly divided into three categories: processing, regulation and feeding. This review presents a systematic account of the proteases of Bacillus subtilis and their activities. It reviews the proteases found in, or associated with, the cytoplasm, the cell membrane, the cell wall and the external milieu. Where known, the impacts of the deletion of particular proteases are discussed, particularly in relation to industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Harwood
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University NE2 4AX, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yoshimi Kikuchi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, JAPAN
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7
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Engineering Bacillus subtilis Cells as Factories: Enzyme Secretion and Value-added Chemical Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Zhang K, Su L, Wu J. Recent Advances in Recombinant Protein Production byBacillus subtilis. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:295-318. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis has become a widely used microbial cell factory for the production of recombinant proteins, especially those associated with foods and food processing. Recent advances in genetic manipulation and proteomic analysis have been used to greatly improve protein production in B. subtilis. This review begins with a discussion of genome-editing technologies and application of the CRISPR–Cas9 system to B. subtilis. A summary of the characteristics of crucial legacy strains is followed by suggestions regarding the choice of origin strain for genetic manipulation. Finally, the review analyzes the genes and operons of B. subtilis that are important for the production of secretory proteins and provides suggestions and examples of how they can be altered to improve protein production. This review is intended to promote the engineering of this valuable microbial cell factory for better recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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9
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Relative contributions of non-essential Sec pathway components and cell envelope-associated proteases to high-level enzyme secretion by Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:52. [PMID: 32111210 PMCID: PMC7048088 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus subtilis is an important industrial workhorse applied in the production of many different commercially relevant proteins, especially enzymes. Virtually all of these proteins are secreted via the general secretion (Sec) pathway. Studies from different laboratories have demonstrated essential or non-essential contributions of various Sec machinery components to protein secretion in B. subtilis. However, a systematic comparison of the impact of each individual Sec machinery component under conditions of high-level protein secretion was so far missing. Results In the present study, we have compared the contributions of non-essential Sec pathway components and cell envelope-associated proteases on the secretion efficiency of three proteins expressed at high level. This concerned the α-amylases AmyE from B. subtilis and AmyL from Bacillus licheniformis, and the serine protease BPN’ from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. We compared the secretion capacity of mutant strains in shake flask cultures, and the respective secretion kinetics by pulse-chase labeling experiments. The results show that secDF, secG or rasP mutations severely affect AmyE, AmyL and BPN’ secretion, but the actual effect size depends on the investigated protein. Additionally, the chaperone DnaK is important for BPN’ secretion, while AmyE or AmyL secretion are not affected by a dnaK deletion. Further, we assessed the induction of secretion stress responses in mutant strains by examining AmyE- and AmyL-dependent induction of the quality control proteases HtrA and HtrB. Interestingly, the deletion of certain sip genes revealed a strong differential impact of particular signal peptidases on the magnitude of the secretion stress response. Conclusions The results of the present study highlight the importance of SecDF, SecG and RasP for protein secretion and reveal unexpected differences in the induction of the secretion stress response in different mutant strains.
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Roch M, Lelong E, Panasenko OO, Sierra R, Renzoni A, Kelley WL. Thermosensitive PBP2a requires extracellular folding factors PrsA and HtrA1 for Staphylococcus aureus MRSA β-lactam resistance. Commun Biol 2019; 2:417. [PMID: 31754647 PMCID: PMC6858329 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and represents a clinical challenge because of widespread antibiotic resistance. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is particularly problematic and originates by the horizontal acquisition of mecA encoding PBP2a, an extracellular membrane anchored transpeptidase, which confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics by allosteric gating of its active site channel. Herein, we show that dual disruption of PrsA, a lipoprotein chaperone displaying anti-aggregation activity, together with HtrA1, a membrane anchored chaperone/serine protease, resulted in severe and synergistic attenuation of PBP2a folding that restores sensitivity to β-lactams such as oxacillin. Purified PBP2a has a pronounced unfolding transition initiating at physiological temperatures that leads to irreversible precipitation and complete loss of activity. The concordance of genetic and biochemical data highlights the necessity for extracellular protein folding factors governing MRSA β-lactam resistance. Targeting the PBP2a folding pathway represents a particularly attractive adjuvant strategy to combat antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Roch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, CH-1211 Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Lelong
- Service of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, Geneva, CH-1206 Switzerland
| | - Olesya O. Panasenko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, CH-1211 Switzerland
- Service of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, Geneva, CH-1206 Switzerland
| | - Roberto Sierra
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, CH-1211 Switzerland
| | - Adriana Renzoni
- Service of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, Geneva, CH-1206 Switzerland
| | - William L. Kelley
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva, CH-1211 Switzerland
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Bashir Z, Sheng L, Anil A, Lali A, Minton NP, Zhang Y. Engineering Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius for direct utilisation of holocellulose from wheat straw. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:199. [PMID: 31452680 PMCID: PMC6701081 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), where lignocellulose is converted into the desired product(s) in a single fermentative step without the addition of expensive degradative enzymes, represents the ideal solution of renewable routes to chemicals and fuels. Members of the genus Geobacillus are able to grow at elevated temperatures and are able to utilise a wide range of oligosaccharides derived from lignocellulose. This makes them ideally suited to the development of CBP. RESULTS In this study, we engineered Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius NCIMB 11955 to utilise lignocellulosic biomass, in the form of nitric acid/ammonia treated wheat straw to which expensive hydrolytic enzymes had not been added. Two different strains, BZ9 and BZ10, were generated by integrating the cglT (β-1,4-glucosidase) gene from Thermoanaerobacter brockii into the genome, and localising genes encoding different cellulolytic enzymes on autonomous plasmids. The plasmid of strain BZ10 carried a synthetic cellulosomal operon comprising the celA (Endoglucanase A) gene from Clostridium thermocellum and cel6B (Exoglucanase) from Thermobifida fusca; whereas, strain BZ9 contained a plasmid encoding the celA (multidomain cellulase) gene from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. All of the genes were successfully expressed, and their encoded products secreted in a functionally active form, as evidenced by their detection in culture supernatants by Western blotting and enzymatic assay. In the case of the C. bescii CelA enzyme, this is one of the first times that the heterologous production of this multi-functional enzyme has been achieved in a heterologous host. Both strains (BZ9 and BZ10) exhibited improved growth on pre-treated wheat straw, achieving a higher final OD600 and producing greater numbers of viable cells. To demonstrate that cellulosic ethanol can be produced directly from lignocellulosic biomass by a single organism, we established our consortium of hydrolytic enzymes in a previously engineered ethanologenic G. thermoglucosidasius strain, LS242. We observed approximately twofold and 1.6-fold increase in ethanol production in the recombinant G. thermoglucosidasius equivalent to BZ9 and BZ10, respectively, compared to G. thermoglucosidasius LS242 strain at 24 h of growth. CONCLUSION We engineered G. thermoglucosidasius to utilise a real-world lignocellulosic biomass substrate and demonstrated that cellulosic ethanol can be produced directly from lignocellulosic biomass in one step. Direct conversion of biomass into desired products represents a new paradigm for CBP, offering the potential for carbon neutral, cost-effective production of sustainable chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Bashir
- Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Lili Sheng
- Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Annamma Anil
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parikh Marg, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Arvind Lali
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parikh Marg, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Nigel P. Minton
- Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Ying Zhang
- Clostridia Research Group, BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
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Kondakova OA, Nikitin NA, Evtushenko EA, Ryabchevskaya EM, Atabekov JG, Karpova OV. Vaccines against anthrax based on recombinant protective antigen: problems and solutions. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:813-828. [PMID: 31298973 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1643242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Anthrax is a dangerous bio-terror agent because Bacillus anthracis spores are highly resilient and can be easily aerosolized and disseminated. There is a threat of deliberate use of anthrax spores aerosol that could lead to serious fatal diseases outbreaks. Existing control measures against inhalation form of the disease are limited. All of this has provided an impetus to the development of new generation vaccines. Areas сovered: This review is devoted to challenges and achievements in the design of vaccines based on the anthrax recombinant protective antigen (rPA). Scientific databases have been searched, focusing on causes of PA instability and solutions to this problem, including new approaches of rPA expression, novel rPA-based vaccines formulations as well as the simultaneous usage of PA with other anthrax antigens. Expert opinion: PA is a central anthrax toxin component, playing a key role in the defense against encapsulated and unencapsulated strains. Subunit rPA-based vaccines have a good safety and protective profile. However, there are problems of PA instability that are greatly enhanced when using aluminum adjuvants. New adjuvant compositions, dry formulations and resistant to proteolysis and deamidation mutant PA forms can help to handle this issue. Devising a modern anthrax vaccine requires huge efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Kondakova
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai A Nikitin
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Evtushenko
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina M Ryabchevskaya
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Joseph G Atabekov
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Karpova
- a Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
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13
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Enhanced extracellular gamma glutamyl transpeptidase production by overexpressing of PrsA lipoproteins and improving its mRNA stability in Bacillus subtilis and application in biosynthesis of L-theanine. J Biotechnol 2019; 302:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.06.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Aguilar Suárez R, Stülke J, van Dijl JM. Less Is More: Toward a Genome-Reduced Bacillus Cell Factory for "Difficult Proteins". ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:99-108. [PMID: 30540431 PMCID: PMC6343112 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
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The availability of complete genome
sequences and the definition
of essential gene sets were fundamental in the start of the genome
engineering era. In a recent study, redundant and unnecessary genes
were systematically deleted from the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, an industrial production host of high-value
secreted proteins. This culminated in strain PG10, which lacks about
36% of the genome, thus representing the most minimal Bacillus chassis currently available. Here, we show that this “miniBacillus” strain has synthetic traits that are favorable
for producing “difficult-to-produce proteins”. As exemplified
with different staphylococcal antigens, PG10 overcomes several bottlenecks
in protein production related to the secretion process and instability
of the secreted product. These findings show for the first time that
massive genome reduction can substantially improve secretory protein
production by a bacterial expression host, and underpin the high potential
of genome-engineered strains as future cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Aguilar Suárez
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Stülke
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Busche T, Tsolis KC, Koepff J, Rebets Y, Rückert C, Hamed MB, Bleidt A, Wiechert W, Lopatniuk M, Yousra A, Anné J, Karamanou S, Oldiges M, Kalinowski J, Luzhetskyy A, Economou A. Multi-Omics and Targeted Approaches to Determine the Role of Cellular Proteases in Streptomyces Protein Secretion. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1174. [PMID: 29915569 PMCID: PMC5994538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive Streptomyces bacteria are profuse secretors of polypeptides using complex, yet unknown mechanisms. Many of their secretory proteins are proteases that play important roles in the acquisition of amino acids from the environment. Other proteases regulate cellular proteostasis. To begin dissecting the possible role of proteases in Streptomyces secretion, we applied a multi-omics approach. We probed the role of the 190 proteases of Streptomyces lividans strain TK24 in protein secretion in defined media at different stages of growth. Transcriptomics analysis revealed transcripts for 93% of these proteases and identified that 41 of them showed high abundance. Proteomics analysis identified 57 membrane-embedded or secreted proteases with variations in their abundance. We focused on 17 of these proteases and putative inhibitors and generated strains deleted of their genes. These were characterized in terms of their fitness, transcriptome and secretome changes. In addition, we performed a targeted analysis in deletion strains that also carried a secretion competent mRFP. One strain, carrying a deletion of the gene for the regulatory protease FtsH, showed significant global changes in overall transcription and enhanced secretome and secreted mRFP levels. These data provide a first multi-omics effort to characterize the complex regulatory mechanisms of protein secretion in Streptomyces lividans and lay the foundations for future rational manipulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Busche
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantinos C Tsolis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim Koepff
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yuriy Rebets
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany.,Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Mohamed B Hamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Arne Bleidt
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mariia Lopatniuk
- Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ahmed Yousra
- Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jozef Anné
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Spyridoula Karamanou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Oldiges
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anastassios Economou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Zhang K, Su L, Wu J. Enhanced extracellular pullulanase production in Bacillus subtilis using protease-deficient strains and optimal feeding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5089-5103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Raulinaitis V, Tossavainen H, Aitio O, Juuti JT, Hiramatsu K, Kontinen V, Permi P. Identification and structural characterization of LytU, a unique peptidoglycan endopeptidase from the lysostaphin family. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6020. [PMID: 28729697 PMCID: PMC5519744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce LytU, a short member of the lysostaphin family of zinc-dependent pentaglycine endopeptidases. It is a potential antimicrobial agent for S. aureus infections and its gene transcription is highly upregulated upon antibiotic treatments along with other genes involved in cell wall synthesis. We found this enzyme to be responsible for the opening of the cell wall peptidoglycan layer during cell divisions in S. aureus. LytU is anchored in the plasma membrane with the active part residing in the periplasmic space. It has a unique Ile/Lys insertion at position 151 that resides in the catalytic site-neighbouring loop and is vital for the enzymatic activity but not affecting the overall structure common to the lysostaphin family. Purified LytU lyses S. aureus cells and cleaves pentaglycine, a reaction conveniently monitored by NMR spectroscopy. Substituting the cofactor zinc ion with a copper or cobalt ion remarkably increases the rate of pentaglycine cleavage. NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry further reveal that, uniquely for its family, LytU is able to bind a second zinc ion which is coordinated by catalytic histidines and is therefore inhibitory. The pH-dependence and high affinity of binding carry further physiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytas Raulinaitis
- Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Tossavainen
- Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Aitio
- Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarmo T Juuti
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keiichi Hiramatsu
- Research Centre for Infection Control Science, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vesa Kontinen
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Centre for Infection Control Science, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Perttu Permi
- Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, and Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
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18
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Zhu F, Yang X, Wu Y, Wang Y, Tang XF, Tang B. Release of an HtrA-Like Protease from the Cell Surface of Thermophilic Brevibacillus sp. WF146 via Substrate-Induced Autoprocessing of the N-terminal Membrane Anchor. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:481. [PMID: 28377763 PMCID: PMC5359297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-temperature requirement A (HtrA)-like proteases participate in protein quality control in prokaryotes and eukaryotes by degrading damaged proteins; however, little is known about HtrAs produced by thermophiles. HtrAw is an HtrA-like protease of thermophilic Brevibacillus sp. WF146. The intact form of HtrAw (iHtrAw) consisting of a transmembrane segment-containing N-terminal domain, a trypsin-like protease domain, and a C-terminal PDZ domain was produced in Escherichia coli. Purified iHtrAw itself is unable to cleave the N-terminal domain, but requires protein substrates to autoprocess the N-terminal domain intermolecularly, yielding a short form (sHtrAw). Mutation at the substrate-binding site in the PDZ domain affects the conversion of iHtrAw to sHtrAw. Deletion analysis revealed that the N-terminal domain is not necessary for enzyme folding, activity, and thermostability. Compared with other known HtrAs, HtrAw contains an additional Ca2+-binding Dx[DN]xDG motif important for enzyme stability and/or activity. When produced in an htrA/htrB double deletion mutant of Bacillus subtilis, iHtrAw localized predominantly to the cell pellet, and the amount of sHtrAw in the culture supernatant increased at elevated temperatures. Moreover, HtrAw increased the heat resistance of the B. subtilis mutant. In strain WF146, HtrAw exists in both a cell-associated intact form and a cell-free short form; an increase in growth temperature enhanced HtrAw production and the amount of cell-free short form. Release of the short form of HtrAw from the membrane may have the advantage of allowing the enzyme to freely access and degrade damaged proteins surrounding the bacterium living at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Yasi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationWuhan, China
| | - Bing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationWuhan, China
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19
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Zhu D, Fu Y, Liu F, Xu H, Saris PEJ, Qiao M. Enhanced heterologous protein productivity by genome reduction in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:1. [PMID: 28049473 PMCID: PMC5210298 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of novel chassis organisms to be used as microbial cell factories in industrial applications is an intensive research field. Lactococcus lactis, which is one of the most extensively studied model organisms, exhibits superior ability to be used as engineered host for fermentation of desirable products. However, few studies have reported about genome reduction of L. lactis as a clean background for functional genomic studies and a model chassis for desirable product fermentation. RESULTS Four large nonessential DNA regions accounting for 2.83% in L. lactis NZ9000 (L. lactis 9 k) genome (2,530,294 bp) were deleted using the Cre-loxP deletion system as the first steps toward a minimized genome in this study. The mutants were compared with the parental strain in several physiological traits and evaluated as microbial cell factories for heterologous protein production (intracellular and secretory expression) with the red fluorescent protein (RFP) and the bacteriocin leucocin C (LecC) as reporters. The four mutants grew faster, yielded enhanced biomass, achieved increased adenosine triphosphate content, and diminished maintenance demands compared with the wild strain in the two media tested. In particular, L. lactis 9 k-4 with the largest deletion was identified as the optimum candidate host for recombinant protein production. With nisin induction, not only the transcriptional efficiency but also the production levels of the expressed reporters were approximately three- to fourfold improved compared with the wild strain. The expression of lecC gene controlled with strong constitutive promoters P5 and P8 in L. lactis 9 k-4 was also improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS The genome-streamlined L. lactis 9 k-4 outcompeted the parental strain in several physiological traits assessed. Moreover, L. lactis 9 k-4 exhibited good properties as platform organism for protein production. In future works, the genome of L. lactis will be maximally reduced by using our specific design to provide an even more clean background for functional genomics studies than L. lactis 9 k-4 constructed in this study. Furthermore, an improved background will be potentially available for use in biotechology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duolong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fulu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Per Erik Joakim Saris
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Room 301, Tianjin, China.
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20
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Hohmann HP, van Dijl JM, Krishnappa L, Prágai Z. Host Organisms:Bacillus subtilis. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807796.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Hohmann
- Nutrition Innovation Center R&D Biotechnology; DSM Nutritional Products Ltd; Wurmisweg 576 CH-4303 Kaiseraugst Switzerland
| | - Jan M. van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Department of Medical Microbiology; Hanzeplein 1 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Laxmi Krishnappa
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Department of Medical Microbiology; Hanzeplein 1 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Zoltán Prágai
- Nutrition Innovation Center R&D Biotechnology; DSM Nutritional Products Ltd; Wurmisweg 576 CH-4303 Kaiseraugst Switzerland
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21
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Stobernack T, Glasner C, Junker S, Gabarrini G, de Smit M, de Jong A, Otto A, Becher D, van Winkelhoff AJ, van Dijl JM. Extracellular Proteome and Citrullinome of the Oral Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4532-4543. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Stobernack
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Corinna Glasner
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Sabryna Junker
- Institute
for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Giorgio Gabarrini
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Center
for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Periodontology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Menke de Smit
- Center
for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Periodontology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Otto
- Institute
for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute
for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Arie Jan van Winkelhoff
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Center
for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Periodontology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
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22
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Neef J, Milder FJ, Koedijk DGAM, Klaassens M, Heezius EC, van Strijp JAG, Otto A, Becher D, van Dijl JM, Buist G. Versatile vector suite for the extracytoplasmic production and purification of heterologous His-tagged proteins in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9037-48. [PMID: 26160391 PMCID: PMC4619460 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis can be exploited for the expression of heterologous proteins; however, a versatile set of vectors suitable for inducible extracellular protein production and subsequent purification of the expressed proteins by immobilized metal affinity chromatography was so far lacking. Here we describe three novel vectors that, respectively, facilitate the nisin-inducible production of N- or C-terminally hexa-histidine (His6)-tagged proteins in L. lactis. One of these vectors also encodes a tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site allowing removal of the N-terminal His6-tag from expressed proteins. Successful application of the developed vectors for protein expression, purification and/or functional studies is exemplified with six different cell wall-bound or secreted proteins from Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that secretory production of S. aureus proteins is affected by the position, N- or C-terminal, of the His6-tag. This seems to be due to an influence of the His6-tag on protein stability. Intriguingly, the S. aureus IsdB protein, which is phosphorylated in S. aureus, was also found to be phosphorylated when heterologously produced in L. lactis, albeit not on the same Tyr residue. This implies that this particular post-translational protein modification is to some extent conserved in S. aureus and L. lactis. Altogether, we are confident that the present vector set combined with the L. lactis expression host has the potential to become a very useful tool in optimization of the expression, purification and functional analysis of extracytoplasmic bacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda Neef
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fin J Milder
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO G04.614, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danny G A M Koedijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marindy Klaassens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik C Heezius
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO G04.614, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO G04.614, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Otto
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Girbe Buist
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Voigt B, Schroeter R, Schweder T, Jürgen B, Albrecht D, van Dijl JM, Maurer KH, Hecker M. A proteomic view of cell physiology of the industrial workhorse Bacillus licheniformis. J Biotechnol 2014; 191:139-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Efficient production of secreted staphylococcal antigens in a non-lysing and proteolytically reduced Lactococcus lactis strain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:10131-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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