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Toshimitsu T, Gotou A, Sashihara T, Hojo K, Hachimura S, Shioya N, Iwama Y, Irie J, Ichihara Y. Ingesting probiotic yogurt containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 improves glycaemic control in adults with prediabetes in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2239-2247. [PMID: 38454743 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM The ingestion of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 (OLL2712) cells has been shown to improve glucose metabolism by suppressing chronic inflammation in murine models and clinical studies. This study aimed to clarify the effect of OLL2712 on glycaemic control in healthy adults with prediabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design. Adult participants with prediabetes [n = 148, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) range: 5.6%-6.4%, age range: 20-64 years] were assigned randomly to placebo or OLL2712 groups (n = 74/group) and administered daily for 12 weeks either conventional yogurt or yogurt containing >5 × 109 heat-treated OLL2712 cells, respectively. In addition, the participants were followed for 8 weeks after the discontinuation of either yogurt. The primary outcome was the changes in HbA1c levels at weeks 12 and 16 by analysis of covariance. RESULTS The levels of HbA1c and glycoalbumin decreased significantly in both groups at week 12 in comparison with those at week 0, but only in the OLL2712 group at week 16. HbA1c levels decreased significantly at weeks 12 and 16 in the OLL2712 group in comparison with the placebo group (p = .014 and p = .006, respectively). No significant inter- and intragroup differences in HbA1c levels were observed at week 20. CONCLUSIONS The ingestion of OLL2712 prevents the deterioration of glycaemic control and maintains the HbA1c levels within the normal range in adults with prediabetes; yogurt probably exhibits similar effects, which may contribute to reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Toshimitsu
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Gotou
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sashihara
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hojo
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Shioya
- Statistical Analysis Department, KSO Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Junichiro Irie
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitatsu Ichihara
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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OKANO A, TANAKA S, YAMADA K, HASHIMOTO N, WATANABE J. Mechanisms of interleukin-10 induction in murine spleen and RAW264 cells by Latilactobacillus curvatus K4G4 isolated from fermented Brassica rapa L. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:227-233. [PMID: 38966044 PMCID: PMC11220328 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used in fermented foods, and some LAB modulate the immune response. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which LAB isolates from fermented Brassica rapa L. induce the production of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 by the murine spleen and RAW264 cells. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice or the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264 were cultured with heat-killed LAB isolated from fermented B. rapa L., and the IL-10 level in the supernatant was measured. Latilactobacillus curvatus K4G4 provided the most potent IL-10 induction among 13 isolates. Cell wall components of K4G4 failed to induce IL-10, while treatment of the bacteria with RNase A under a high salt concentration altered K4G4 induction of IL-10 by spleen cells. In general, a low salt concentration diminished the IL-10 induction by all strains, including K4G4. In addition, chloroquine pretreatment and knock down of toll-like receptor 7 through small interfering RNA suppressed K4G4 induction of IL-10 production by RAW264 cells. Our results suggest that single-stranded RNA from K4G4 is involved, via endosomal toll-like receptor 7, in the induction of IL-10 production by macrophages. K4G4 is a promising candidate probiotic strain that modulates the immune response by inducing IL-10 from macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki OKANO
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inadacho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Sachi TANAKA
- Academic Assembly (Institute of Agriculture), Shinshu
University, Minami-Minowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kazuha YAMADA
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inadacho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naoto HASHIMOTO
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inadacho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Jun WATANABE
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inadacho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Tsvetanova F. The Plethora of Microbes with Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2980. [PMID: 38474227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, which has important functions in human defense systems and in maintaining the dynamic homeostasis of the body, has become a major risk factor for the progression of many chronic diseases. Although the applied medical products alleviate the general status, they still exert adverse effects in the long term. For this reason, the solution should be sought in more harmless and affordable agents. Microorganisms offer a wide range of active substances with anti-inflammatory properties. They confer important advantages such as their renewable and inexhaustible nature. This review aims to provide the most recent updates on microorganisms of different types and genera, being carriers of anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Tsvetanova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Luo J, Ning T, Li X, Jiang T, Tan S, Ma D. Targeting IL-12 family cytokines: A potential strategy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115958. [PMID: 38064968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease characterized by an imbalance in blood glucose levels. The pathogenesis of diabetes involves the essential role of cytokines, particularly the IL-12 family cytokines. These cytokines, which have a similar structure, play multiple roles in regulating the immune response. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of IL-12 family cytokines in the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. As a result, they hold promise as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of these conditions. This review focuses on the potential of targeting IL-12 family cytokines for diabetes therapy based on their roles in the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes. We have summarized various therapies that target IL-12 family cytokines, including drug therapy, combination therapy, cell therapy, gene therapy, cytokine engineering therapy, and gut microbiota modulation. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of these therapies, we have evaluated their feasibility for clinical application and proposed possible solutions to overcome any challenges. In conclusion, targeting IL-12 family cytokines for diabetes therapy provides updated insights into their potential benefits, such as controlling inflammation, preserving islet β cells, reversing the onset of diabetes, and impeding the development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Luo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tingting Ning
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shenglong Tan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Wang Y, Xing X, Ma Y, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Nan B, Li X, Wang Y, Liu J. Prevention of High-Fat-Diet-Induced Dyslipidemia by Lactobacillus plantarum LP104 through Mediating Bile Acid Enterohepatic Axis Circulation and Intestinal Flora. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7334-7347. [PMID: 37097222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the alleviative mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum LP104 (LP104) isolated from kimchi on high-fat-diet-induced dyslipidemia by targeting the intestinal flora and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Oral administration of LP104 over 8 weeks reduced body weight gain and body fat, as well as ameliorating serum and hepatic dyslipidemia in HFD-fed C57BL/6N mice significantly. LP104 intervention also increased the ileal tauro-α/β-muricholic acid sodium salt (T-α-MCA or T-β-MCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) concentrations to suppress the enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor/fibroblast growth factor 15-fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FXR/FGF15-FGFR4) signaling pathway, which stimulated the hepatic cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) de novo synthesis through using cholesterol. Then, LP104 treatment accelerated BA excretion with the feces and cholesterol efflux to improve HFD-caused hyperlipidemia effectively. The 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing revealed that LP104 promoted intestinal flora rebalance by increasing the abundances of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium and decreasing the abundance of Oscillospira and Coprococcus. Meanwhile, Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that the differential flora were closely related to BA signaling molecules including CA, CDCA, T-α-MCA, T-β-MCA, and TUDCA after LP104 intervention. These findings provided new evidence that LP104 had the potential to be used as a naturally functional food for the prevention of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xinyue Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuling Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
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TOSHIMITSU T. Development of a lactic acid bacteria strain that suppresses chronic inflammation and improves glucose and lipid metabolism. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 42:3-7. [PMID: 36660597 PMCID: PMC9816046 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2022-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by aging, obesity, and lifestyle disturbances can lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance, reducing glucose and lipid metabolism. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have various bioactivities, and certain types of LAB have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. We hypothesized that LAB strains, which can strongly induce the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by immune cells in the intestinal tract, may improve glucose and lipid metabolism by suppressing chronic inflammation. We selected Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 (OLL2712) from the LAB library owned by Meiji Co., Ltd. based on its ability to induce the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), optimized the culture conditions of OLL2712 for industrial applications, and verified the efficacy of the strain in animal and clinical studies. The results showed that OLL2712 bacterial cells in the exponential phase had notably higher anti-inflammatory properties than the cells in the stationary phase and led to the inhibition of chronic inflammation and improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in animal studies. Two randomized controlled trials consisting of healthy adults with elevated blood glucose levels or body mass indices (BMIs) also showed that the intake of OLL2712 suppressed the aggravation of chronic inflammation and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. This review identified a novel LAB strain that may contribute to diabetes and obesity prevention and demonstrated its clinical efficacy. In addition, the mechanism of action of this LAB strain through the intestinal immune system was partially elucidated, and the importance of optimizing the culture conditions of LAB was clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki TOSHIMITSU
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology
Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1
Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
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Wang Y, Takano T, Zhou Y, Wang R, Toshimitsu T, Sashihara T, Tanokura M, Miyakawa T, Nakajima-Adachi H, Hachimura S. Orally administered Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 decreased intestinal permeability, especially in the ileum: Ingested lactic acid bacteria alleviated obesity-induced inflammation by collaborating with gut microbiota. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1123052. [PMID: 36911680 PMCID: PMC9995389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic inflammation caused by dietary obesity has been considered to induce lifestyle-related diseases and functional ingredients with anti-inflammatory effects are attracting attention. Although multiple studies on obesity had proved the anti-inflammatory effects of ingestion of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and other functional ingredients on adipose tissue, the precise effects on the intestine, especially on the individual intestinal segments have not been made clear. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (basonym: Lactobacillus plantarum) OLL2712 in suppressing obesity-induced inflammation using high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice obesity model. Methods We orally administered heat-treated LAB to HFD-fed mice model, and investigated the inflammatory changes in adipose tissue and intestinal immune cells. We also analyzed gut microbiota, and evaluated the inflammation and permeability of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon; four intestinal segments differing in gut bacteria composition and immune response. Results After 3-week LAB administration, the gene expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were downregulated in adipose tissue, colon, and Peyer's patches (PP)-derived F4/80+ cells. The LAB treatment alleviated obesity-related gut microbiota imbalance. L. plantarum OLL2712 treatment helps maintain intestinal barrier function, especially in the ileum, possibly by preventing ZO-1 and Occludin downregulation. Discussion Our results suggest that the oral administration of the LAB strain regulated the gut microbiota, suppressed intestinal inflammation, and improved the gut barrier, which could inhibit the products of obesity-induced gut dysbiosis from translocating into the bloodstream and the adipose tissue, through which the LAB finally alleviated the inflammation caused by dietary obesity. Barrier improvement was observed, especially in the ileum, suggesting collaborative modulation of the intestinal immune responses by ingested LAB and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Wang
- Research Center for Food Safety, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takano
- Research Center for Food Safety, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingyu Zhou
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaru Tanokura
- Research Center for Food Safety, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sakurai K, Toshimitsu T, Okada E, Anzai S, Shiraishi I, Inamura N, Kobayashi S, Sashihara T, Hisatsune T. Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 on Memory Function in Older Adults with Declining Memory: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204300. [PMID: 36296983 PMCID: PMC9610166 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of probiotics is expected to be an intervention in neurodegenerative conditions that cause dementia owing to their ability to modulate neuroinflammatory responses via the microbiome-gut–brain axis. Therefore, we selected Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 (OLL2712), the optimal anti-inflammatory lactic acid bacteria strain with high IL-10-inducing activity in immune cells, and aimed to verify its protective effects on memory function in older adults. A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed with older adults over the age of 65 years with declining memory. The participants consumed either powder containing heat-treated OLL2712 cells or placebo. Memory function was assessed using a computer-assisted cognitive test, Cognitrax. Daily dietary nutrient intake was assessed using the Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (BDHQ). The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed by fecal DNA extraction and 16S rDNA sequencing. Data from 78 participants who completed the entire procedure were analyzed, and significant improvements in composite memory and visual memory scores were observed in the active group, after accounting for the effect of daily nutritional intake (p = 0.044 and p = 0.021, respectively). In addition, the active group had a lower abundance ratio of Lachnoclostridium, Monoglobus, and Oscillibacter genera, which have been reported to be involved in inflammation. The present study suggests that OLL2712 ingestion has protective effects against memory function decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sakurai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Takayuki Toshimitsu
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Applied Microbiology Research Department, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji 192-0919, Japan
| | - Erika Okada
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Saya Anzai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Izumi Shiraishi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Noriko Inamura
- Urban Design Center Kashiwanoha (UDCK), Kashiwa 277-0871, Japan
- Community Health Promotion Laboratory, Mitsui Fudosan, Co., Ltd., Kashiwa 277-8519, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Community Health Promotion Laboratory, Mitsui Fudosan, Co., Ltd., Kashiwa 277-8519, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sashihara
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Applied Microbiology Research Department, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji 192-0919, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-04-7136-3632
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Wang Y, Ai Z, Xing X, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Nan B, Li X, Wang Y, Liu J. The ameliorative effect of probiotics on diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3556-3572. [PMID: 36218373 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2132377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet induces lipid metabolism disorders that has become one of the grievous public health problems and imposes a serious economic and social burden worldwide. Safety probiotics isolated from nature are regarded as a novel supplementary strategy for preventing and improving diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders and related chronic diseases. The present review summarized the latest researches of probiotics in high fat diet induced lipid metabolism disorders to provide a critical perspective on the regulatory function of probiotics for future research. Furthermore, the screening criteria and general sources of probiotics with lipid-lowering ability also outlined to enlarge microbial species resource bank instantly, which promoted the development of functional foods with lipid-lowering strains from nature. After critically reviewing the lipid-lowering potential of probiotics both in vitro and in vivo and even in clinical data of humans, we provided a perspective that probiotics activated AMPK signaling pathway to regulate fat synthesis and decomposition, as well as affected positively the gut microbiota structure, intestinal barrier function and systemic inflammatory response, then these beneficial effects are amplified along Gut-liver axis, which regulated intestinal flora metabolites such as SCFAs and BAs by HMGCR/FXR/SHP signaling pathway to improve high fat diet induced lipid metabolism disorders effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyi Ai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuling Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Cord Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Cord Deep Processing, Changchun, China
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Ndotono EW, Khamis FM, Bargul JL, Tanga CM. Insights into the Gut Microbial Communities of Broiler Chicken Fed Black Soldier Fly Larvae- Desmodium-Based Meal as a Dietary Protein Source. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1351. [PMID: 35889070 PMCID: PMC9319420 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of insect-based diets to improve gastrointestinal function and gut health in poultry is gaining global attention as a promising feed additive. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal inclusion level of the full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and Desmodium intortum (DI) in broiler chicken diets and to evaluate their impact on the microbial community in the gut. The bacterial communities were characterized using Oxford nanopore sequencing of the full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Four dietary treatments, T1 (25% DI + 75% BSFL), T2 (50% DI + 50% BSFL), T3 (75% DI + 25% BSFL) and T4 (100% fishmeal + 0% DI + BSFL), were fed to the broiler chickens for a period of 42 days. Out of the 395,034 classified reads analyzed, the most predominant phyla identified across all the four dietary treatments were Firmicutes (94%), Bacteroidetes (3%), and Proteobacteria (2%). The T1 diet showed the highest alpha diversity and richness according to the Chao1 and Shannon indices. Beta diversity assessment revealed a significant influence of diet on the abundance of the microbiome. There was an increase in beneficial lactic acid bacteria with increasing inclusion of BSFL in the diets. Our findings strongly support the inclusion of BSFL into poultry diet as a promising protein source to reshape the gut microbiota for improved gut health, immune response, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evalyne W. Ndotono
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Fathiya M. Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Joel L. Bargul
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kiambu P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
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Kawamoto-Miyamoto N, Hosoda H, Miyoshi K, Nomoto K. Glutamate in the medium of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FL-664 affects the production of IL-12(p40) on murine spleen cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:535-542. [PMID: 35108365 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been attracting attention for their effects on innate immunity, and therefore, it is required to develop an efficient culturing method while maintaining their functionality. In this study, first, we compared the growth and functionality of LAB cultured on food grade (FG) medium with those on standard LAB medium and found that LAB cultured in the FG medium were smaller in cell size with high yield and had a higher ability to induce IL-12(p40) production by murine spleen cells in vitro. Moreover, the higher the glutamate concentration in the medium, the smaller the cell size, and the higher the yield and the higher the ability to induce IL-12 production. Addition of glutamate to the culture medium changes the size of LAB and affects their ability to induce IL-12(p40) production. In conclusion, regulating the concentration of glutamate would be important in the efficient culturing of functional LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Miyoshi
- Functional Food Ingredient Laboratory, Taiyo Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Sanaei M, Mahdavi M, Setayesh N, Shahverdi AR, Sepehrizadeh Z, Yazdi MH. Comparison of Cytokine Expression in Human PBMCs Stimulated with Normal and Heat-Shocked Lactobacillus plantarum Cell Lysate. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1539-1545. [PMID: 33843030 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of immune responses is among the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on human health. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of normal and heat-shocked Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1058 cell lysate on cytokine expression by human PBMCs. The mid-exponential phase L. plantarum (108 CFU/mL) were used to prepare cell lysate. Isolated PBMCs were stimulated with 100 µg/mL of each normal and heat-shocked L. plantarum cell lysate for 72 h. Non-stimulated PBMCs were also evaluated as negative control. The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-ɣ, TNF-α, and TGF-β genes was determined by quantitative RT-PCR amplification of total RNA extracted from PBMCs. Both types of cell lysate were able to increase pro-inflammatory cytokines and decrease anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, this effect was significantly stronger in heat-shocked cell lysate-treated PBMCs. Moreover, comparison of IFN-ɣ/IL-10, IFN-ɣ/TGF-β, IL-6/IL-10, IL-6/TGF-β, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios in both conditions demonstrated that in the heat-shocked group, all of the above ratios were significantly higher than normal lysate treatment (p˂0.001), suggesting that heat-shocked probiotics are a potent inducer of the immune system in comparison to intact probiotics. Regarding these results, it may be possible to develop a new postbiotic product for the stimulation of immune responses of cancer patients or individuals who suffer from an immune defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sanaei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Setayesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shahverdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zargham Sepehrizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran. .,Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Toshimitsu T, Gotou A, Sashihara T, Furuichi K, Hachimura S, Shioya N, Suzuki S, Asami Y. Ingesting Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 Reduces Abdominal Fat Accumulation and Chronic Inflammation in Overweight Adults in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab006. [PMID: 33718754 PMCID: PMC7937491 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance are factors that are related to obesity. We have suggested that the administration of heat-treated Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 (OLL2712) cells can improve glucose and lipid metabolism by suppressing chronic inflammation in mouse models and a preliminary clinical study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether ingesting OLL2712 cells can reduce body fat accumulation and improve metabolic risk factors, in overweight, healthy adults. METHODS This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial conducted at a single center in Japan. The study participants included 100 overweight (BMI range, ≥25 to <30 kg/m2) adults aged 20-64 y. They were randomly assigned to either the placebo or OLL2712 group (n = 50 each) and were administered conventional yogurt or yogurt containing >5 × 109 heat-treated OLL2712 cells, respectively, daily for 12 wk. The primary outcome was the 12-wk change in the abdominal fat area, as assessed by computed tomography, and the secondary outcomes were glucose and lipid metabolism-related parameters and chronic inflammation markers, which were analyzed using a linear mixed model. RESULTS The 12-wk change of abdominal fat area (difference: 8.5 cm2; 95% CI: 0.3, 16.6 cm2; P = 0.040) and fasting plasma glucose (difference: 3.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.8, 5.6 mg/dL; P = 0.021) were significantly less in the OLL2712 group than the placebo group. The overall trend of serum IL-6 was significantly decreased in the OLL2712 group compared with baseline and the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The ingestion of heat-treated OLL2712 cells reduces body fat accumulation and the deterioration of glycemic control and chronic inflammation, in overweight, healthy adults. We hypothesize that OLL2712 cells may prevent obesity by regulating chronic inflammation. This trial was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000027709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Toshimitsu
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Gotou
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sashihara
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Furuichi
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Shioya
- Statistical Analysis Department, KSO Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Shinagawa Season Terrace Health Care Clinic, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Asami
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Chang HM, Foo HL, Loh TC, Lim ETC, Abdul Mutalib NE. Comparative Studies of Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities, and Organic Acids Compositions of Postbiotics Produced by Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated From Malaysian Foods. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:602280. [PMID: 33575277 PMCID: PMC7870707 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.602280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite inflammation being a protective natural defense against imbalance stressors in the body, chronic inflammation could lead to the deterioration of immune response, low production, and poor performance in livestock as well as severe economic losses to the farmers. Postbiotics produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been reported recently to be a natural source of antioxidant, promoting growth performance, anti-inflammation, and immune responses. However, the effects of fermentation media on the compositions of L. plantarum postbiotic have not been reported elsewhere. Hence, a comparative study was conducted to compare the volatile compounds, organic acid composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of postbiotics produced by six strains of L. plantarum cultivated by using formulated media and the commercial de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium as a control. Postbiotics RG14, RI11, and UL4 produced by using formulated media exhibited higher inhibitory activity against Pediococcus acidilactici 446, Escherichia coli E-30, Salmonella enterica CS3, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci except for Listeria monocytogenes LS55. As for the antioxidant activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was enhanced in formulated media, whereas reducing power activity was the highest in postbiotic RI11. Three organic acids, namely, acetic acid, caproic acid, and lactic acid, were detected in the postbiotic produced by various L. plantarum strains. The concentration of acetic acid was influenced by the fermentation media, whereas caproic acid was detected as the highest in postbiotic RG11. Lactic acid was the predominant compound detected in all the postbiotics and had the significantly highest concentration in postbiotic RS5 when produced by using the MRS medium. Intermediary and pyrrole compounds were the other main compounds that were detected by using GC-MS. Positive correlations were found between organic acid production and inhibitory activity, as well as antioxidant activity exhibited by postbiotics. In conclusion, the compositions and functional characteristics of postbiotics produced by the six strains of L. plantarum were strain-dependent and affected greatly by the fermentation medium. The effects of postbiotic composition on the functional characteristics of postbiotics were elucidated in this study to warrant their applications as a promising beneficial natural growth promoter for the livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eric Teik Chung Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Elina Abdul Mutalib
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute (ABI), National Institute Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Total RNA and genomic DNA of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2809 induce interleukin-12 production in the mouse macrophage cell line J774.1 via toll-like receptors 7 and 9. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:217. [PMID: 32689952 PMCID: PMC7372888 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2809 can highly induce interleukin (IL)-12 production in immune cells. Even though beneficial properties of this strain for both humans and animals have been reported, the mechanism by which the bacteria induces the production of IL-12 in immune cells remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of induction of IL-12 using a mouse macrophage cell line J774.1. Results Inhibition of phagocytosis of L. gasseri OLL2809, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 9 signalling attenuated IL-12 production in J774.1 cells. Total RNA and genomic DNA of L. gasseri OLL2809, when transferred to the J774.1 cells, also induced IL-12 production. The difference in the IL-12-inducing activity of Lactobacilli is attributed to the susceptibility to phagocytosis, but not to a difference in the total RNA and genomic DNA of each strain. Conclusion We concluded that total RNA and genomic DNA of phagocytosed L. gasseri OLL2809 induce IL-12 production in J774.1 cell via TLRs 7 and 9, and the high IL-12-inducing activity of L. gasseri OLL2809 is due to its greater susceptibility to phagocytosis.
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16
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Moman R, O'Neill CA, Ledder RG, Cheesapcharoen T, McBain AJ. Mitigation of the Toxic Effects of Periodontal Pathogens by Candidate Probiotics in Oral Keratinocytes, and in an Invertebrate Model. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:999. [PMID: 32612578 PMCID: PMC7308727 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella and human oral keratinocytes were used to investigate the protective activity of the candidate oral probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LHR), Lactobacillus reuteri (LR), and Streptococcus salivarius K-12 (SS) against the periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA). Probiotics were delivered to the larvae (i) concomitantly with the pathogen in the same larval pro-leg; (ii) concomitantly with the pathogen in different pro-legs, and (iii) before inoculation with the pathogen in different pro-legs. Probiotics were delivered as viable cells, cell lysates or cell supernatants to the oral keratinocytes concomitantly with the pathogen. The periodontal pathogens killed at least 50% of larvae within 24 h although PG and FN were significantly more virulent than AA in the order FN > PG > AA and were also significantly lethal to mammalian cells. The candidate probiotics, however, were not lethal to the larvae or human oral keratinocytes at doses up to 107 cells/larvae. Wax worm survival rates increased up to 60% for some probiotic/pathogen combinations compared with control larvae inoculated with pathogens only. SS was the most effective probiotic against FN challenge and LHR the least, in simultaneous administration and pre-treatment, SS and LR were generally the most protective against all pathogens (up to 60% survival). For P. gingivalis, LR > LHR > SS, and for A. actinomycetemcomitans SS > LHR and LR. Administering the candidate probiotics to human oral keratinocytes significantly decreased the toxic effects of the periodontal pathogens. In summary, the periodontal pathogens were variably lethal to G. mellonella and human oral keratinocytes and the candidate probiotics had measurable protective effects, which were greatest when administrated simultaneously with the periodontal pathogens, suggesting protective effects based on bacterial interaction, and providing a basis for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Moman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Catherine A O'Neill
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth G Ledder
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tanaporn Cheesapcharoen
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Takano T, Endo R, Wang Y, Nakajima-Adachi H, Hachimura S. Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 induces IL-10 production by intestinal dendritic cells. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:39-44. [PMID: 32328399 PMCID: PMC7162692 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.19-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently many researchers have revealed that certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have beneficial effects on the immune system. Understanding the mechanisms of how certain LAB induce
immunomodulatory functions is important for the development of food ingredients that improve our health. Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 has been shown to induce production
of interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, by murine in vitro-induced dendritic cells (DCs) and peritoneal macrophages. However, it is probable that in
vitro-induced DCs have different properties compared with intestinal DCs, and the effects of the LAB on intestinal DCs are not fully understood. In this report, we investigated
whether L. plantarum OLL2712 had efficacy for inducing intestinal DCs to produce IL-10 in vitro and whether oral administration of the bacteria induced the
same effect. Co-culture of L. plantarum OLL2712 with purified DCs from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) or Peyer’s patch (PP) elevated IL-10 mRNA expression and protein
production by both kinds of DCs. Addition of the LAB enhanced IL-10 production by T cells during antigen-specific responses in co-culture of MLN or PP DCs and T cells. Oral administration of
L. plantarum OLL2712 for 6 days increased IL-10 gene expression in MLN DCs, and upregulated IL-10 gene expression in PP DCs was observed 12 hr after oral administration of
the LAB. Our results suggested that L. plantarum OLL2712 could modulate immune responses by enhancing IL-10 production from intestinal DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Takano
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Endo
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yimei Wang
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Haruyo Nakajima-Adachi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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18
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Effects of 12-Week Ingestion of Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 on Glucose Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation in Prediabetic Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020374. [PMID: 32023901 PMCID: PMC7071174 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ingestion of Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 (OLL2712) cells improved glucose metabolism by suppressing chronic inflammation in mouse models and in a preliminary clinical study. We aimed to clarify the effect of OLL2712 on glucose metabolism and chronic inflammation for healthy adults. Prediabetic adults (n = 130, age range: 20–64 years) were randomly assigned to either the placebo or OLL2712 groups (n = 65 each) and were administered conventional yogurt or yogurt containing more than 5 × 109 heat-treated OLL2712 cells, respectively, daily for 12 weeks. Reduced HbA1c levels after 12 weeks of treatment were observed in both groups compared to those at baseline; however, the 12-week reduction of HbA1c levels was significantly greater in the OLL2712 group than in the placebo group. Increased chronic inflammation marker levels and insulin-resistant index (HOMA-IR) occurred in the placebo group but not in the OLL2712 group. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels did not change significantly in both groups; however, in subgroup analyses including participants with higher FBG levels, FBG levels were significantly reduced only in the OLL2712 group compared to baseline. These results suggest that OLL2712 cell ingestion can reduce HbA1c levels and can prevent the aggravation of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance.
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19
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Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Cifone MG, Cinque B. The Epithelial Barrier Model Shows That the Properties of VSL#3 Depend from Where it is Manufactured. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:199-206. [PMID: 30360752 PMCID: PMC6425067 DOI: 10.2174/1871530318666181022164505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: VSL#3 has been extensively investigated and is currently recommended for the prevention and treatment of chronic pouchitis and ulcerative colitis. Nonetheless, in vitro and in vivo stud-ies have recently shown variability in the VSL#3 efficacy often attributed to the manufacturing process. Objective: The aim was to comparatively study the in vitro effects of two VSL#3 preparations produced in different sites (named US- and Italy-made VSL#3) on CaCo-2 epithelial barrier model in terms of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), dextran flux and expression of Tight Junctions (TJ) proteins i.e. zonulin-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, in the absence or presence of a heat stress-related damage of mono-layer. Methods: TEER was evaluated on CaCo-2 differentiated monolayers. Epithelial permeability of polarized monolayers was assessed by measuring the FITC-labeled dextran flux from the apical to basolateral chambers. ZO-1/occludin levels were analyzed by western blot analysis. A set of experiments was per-formed to compare the effects of both VSL#3 on TEER values, dextran flux and ZO-1/occludin expres-sion in CaCo-2 monolayers after heat stress exposure. Results: US- and Italy-made VSL#3 have opposing effects on TEER values, dextran flux, and ZO-1/occludin expression, being all these parameters negatively influenced just by Italy-made product. US-made probiotic did not affect baseline TEER, dextran flux and ZO-1 expression and strongly increased occludin levels. Of note, pre-treatment of monolayer with US-made VSL#3, but not Italy-made product, totally prevented the heat-induced epithelial barrier integrity loss. Conclusion: Our data trigger the need for reassessing efficacy or safety of the Italy-made VSL#3 con-sidering intestinal epithelial barrier plays an important role in maintaining host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila - Building Delta 6, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila - Building Delta 6, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila - Building Delta 6, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila - Building Delta 6, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
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20
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Tamaki R, Takahashi M, Tai S, Makioka-Itaya Y, Ijich T, Inoue R. Exploratory investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of RNase A-treated Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1343-1353. [PMID: 31038020 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1608805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the major component of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 (EC-12) inducing production of Interleukin (IL)-12 in mouse/human immune cells was its own RNA. This study aimed to investigate if RNase A-treated EC-12 could also produce IL-10 and to evaluate the possible effects of IL-10 produced by RNase A-treated EC-12. Three experiments were conducted: (1) Assessment of the effect of RNase A-treated EC-12 on transcriptome profiles and biological pathways in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; (2) Determination of cytokine concentration in its culture supernatants; and (3) Supplementation of RNase A-treated EC-12 (RN) to mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Treatment of EC-12 with RNase A inhibited inflammatory response including the potency to induce IL-12 production, while it did not affect IL-10 production (Experiment 1 and 2). Colitis symptoms were milder in RN than in PBS-supplemented controls (Experiment 3). RNase A-treated EC-12 likely became an anti-inflammatory agent primarily inducing IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Tamaki
- a Laboratory of Animal Science , Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Mio Takahashi
- a Laboratory of Animal Science , Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shoya Tai
- a Laboratory of Animal Science , Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Ijich
- b Life Science , Combi Corporation , Saitama , Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- a Laboratory of Animal Science , Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
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21
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Effects of 12-wk Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 treatment on glucose metabolism and chronic inflammation in prediabetic individuals: A single-arm pilot study. Nutrition 2019; 58:175-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Sun Z, Sun X, Li J, Li Z, Hu Q, Li L, Hao X, Song M, Li C. Using probiotics for type 2 diabetes mellitus intervention: Advances, questions, and potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:670-683. [PMID: 30632770 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1547268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become one of the most prevalent diseases on earth and several treatments have been developed. However, the current intervention approaches have not been as effective as expected. One promising supplementary strategy is the use of probiotics through direct or indirect approaches. Probiotics are microbial food cultures conferring health-promoting properties. In this review, we summarized the current theories and mechanisms of T2DM intervention using probiotics and hypothesize that probiotics intervene T2DM during its onsetting, developing, and complicating. For the first time, we comprehensively analyzed T2DM intervention in animal models using both wide-type probiotics in different forms and using recombinant probiotics. Then, probiotic intervention in T2DM patients was reviewed and the main results were compared with that obtained from animal studies. Finally yet importantly, remaining questions that are important such as in which form and in which state, as well as the future potential of probiotic intervention in T2DM were discussed from a perspective of food microbiologists. In conclusion, probiotic intervention in T2DM is promising but there are still many important issues unsolved yet. Critical review of the advances, questions, and potential of probiotic intervention in T2DM promotes the development of this approach for further application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongke Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Qingwei Hu
- Zhoukou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xinqi Hao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Maoping Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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23
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Durack J, Lynch SV. The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapy. J Exp Med 2018; 216:20-40. [PMID: 30322864 PMCID: PMC6314516 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the influence of the gut microbiome on host health with a focus on immunomodulation and discusses strategies for manipulating the gut microbiome for the management or prevention of chronic inflammatory conditions. Over the past decade, our view of human-associated microbes has expanded beyond that of a few species toward an appreciation of the diverse and niche-specialized microbial communities that develop in the human host with chronological age. The largest reservoir of microbes exists in the distal gastrointestinal tract, both in the lumen, where microbes facilitate primary and secondary metabolism, and on mucosal surfaces, where they interact with host immune cell populations. While local microbial-driven immunomodulation in the gut is well described, more recent studies have demonstrated a role for the gut microbiome in influencing remote organs and mucosal and hematopoietic immune function. Unsurprisingly, therefore, perturbation to the composition and function of the gut microbiota has been associated with chronic diseases ranging from gastrointestinal inflammatory and metabolic conditions to neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory illnesses. Considerable effort is currently focused on understanding the natural history of microbiome development in humans in the context of health outcomes, in parallel with improving our knowledge of microbiome–host molecular interactions. These efforts ultimately aim to develop effective approaches to rehabilitate perturbed human microbial ecosystems as a means to restore health or prevent disease. This review details the role of the gut microbiome in modulating host health with a focus on immunomodulation and discusses strategies for manipulating the gut microbiome for the management or prevention of chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Durack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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24
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Kim K, Lee G, Thanh HD, Kim JH, Konkit M, Yoon S, Park M, Yang S, Park E, Kim W. Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus plantarum LRCC5310 offers protection against rotavirus-induced diarrhea and regulates inflammatory response. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5702-5712. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Wang G, Li X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactobacillus casei CCFM419 attenuates type 2 diabetes via a gut microbiota dependent mechanism. Food Funct 2018; 8:3155-3164. [PMID: 28782784 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00593h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics, as dietary supplements, transmit their major effects through the regulation of gut microbiota. According to a previous study, one possible mechanism of Lactobacillus casei CCFM419 protection against diabetes may involve gut flora. To test this hypothesis, high fat and streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6J mice were fed L. casei CCFM419 at 108, 109, and 1010 colony forming units (CFU). Compared to untreated mice, 109 CFU of L. casei CCFM419 attenuated several symptoms of diabetes, including fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. In addition, this CFU level also decreased the levels of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 and increased intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels, which are associated with the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples demonstrated that 109 CFU of L. casei CCFM419 dramatically increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased the proportion of Firmicutes at the phylum level, and enriched Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and SCFA-producing bacteria, including Allobaculum and Bacteroides. These findings suggested that L. casei CCFM419 modified the gut flora-SCFA-inflammation/GLP-1 mechanism to ameliorate type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
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26
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Mahasneh SA, Mahasneh AM. Probiotics: A Promising Role in Dental Health. Dent J (Basel) 2017; 5:E26. [PMID: 29563432 PMCID: PMC5806962 DOI: 10.3390/dj5040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have a role in maintaining oral health through interaction with oral microbiome, thus contributing to healthy microbial equilibrium. The nature and composition of any individual microbiome impacts the general health, being a major contributor to oral health. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of available antimicrobials have restricted their use in an array of prophylactic options. Indeed, some new strategies to prevent oral diseases are based on manipulating oral microbiota, which is provided by probiotics. Currently, no sufficient substantial evidence exists to support the use of probiotics to prevent, treat or manage oral cavity diseases. At present, probiotic use did not cause adverse effects or increased risks of caries or periodontal diseases. This implicates no strong evidence against treatment using probiotics. In this review, we try to explore the use of probiotics in prevention, treatment and management of some oral cavity diseases and the possibilities of developing designer probiotics for the next generation of oral and throat complimentary healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari A Mahasneh
- School of Dental Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Adel M Mahasneh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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27
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Biagioli M, Laghi L, Carino A, Cipriani S, Distrutti E, Marchianò S, Parolin C, Scarpelli P, Vitali B, Fiorucci S. Metabolic Variability of a Multispecies Probiotic Preparation Impacts on the Anti-inflammatory Activity. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:505. [PMID: 28804459 PMCID: PMC5532379 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In addition to strain taxonomy, the ability of probiotics to confer beneficial effects on the host rely on a number of additional factors including epigenetic modulation of bacterial genes leading to metabolic variability and might impact on probiotic functionality. Aims: To investigate metabolism and functionality of two different batches of a probiotic blend commercialized under the same name in Europe in models of intestinal inflammation. Methods: Boxes of VSL#3, a probiotic mixture used in the treatment of pouchitis, were obtained from pharmacies in UK subjected to metabolomic analysis and their functionality tested in mice rendered colitis by treatment with DSS or TNBS. Results: VSL#3-A (lot DM538), but not VSL#3-B (lot 507132), attenuated “clinical” signs of colitis in the DSS and TNBS models. In both models, VSL#3-A, but not VSL#3-B, reduced macroscopic scores, intestinal permeability, and expression of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNAs, while increased the expression of TGFβ and IL-10, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNAs and shifted colonic macrophages from a M1 to M2 phenotype (P < 0.05 vs. TNBS). In contrast, VSL#3-B failed to reduce inflammation, and worsened intestinal permeability in the DSS model (P < 0.001 vs. VSL#3-A). A metabolomic analysis of the two formulations allowed the identification of two specific patterns, with at least three-folds enrichment in the concentrations of four metabolites, including 1–3 dihydroxyacetone (DHA), an intermediate in the fructose metabolism, in VSL#3-B supernatants. Feeding mice with DHA, increased intestinal permeability. Conclusions: Two batches of a commercially available probiotic show divergent metabolic activities. DHA, a product of probiotic metabolism, increases intestinal permeability, highlighting the complex interactions between food, microbiota, probiotics, and intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Biagioli
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of BolognaCesena, Italy
| | - Adriana Carino
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Distrutti
- SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
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28
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Shonyela SM, Wang G, Yang W, Yang G, Wang C. New Progress regarding the Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Live Delivery Vectors, Treatment of Diseases and Induction of Immune Responses in Different Host Species Focusing on <i>Lactobacillus</i> Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/wjv.2017.74004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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