1
|
Tang B, Wang B, Xu Z, Hou R, Zhang M, Chen X, Liu Y, Liu F. Iron ions regulate antifungal HSAF biosynthesis in Lysobacter enzymogenes by manipulating the DNA-binding affinity of the ferric uptake regulator (Fur). Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0061723. [PMID: 37737630 PMCID: PMC10581043 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00617-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF), produced by Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11, is regarded as a potential biological pesticide due to its broad-spectrum antifungal activity and novel mode of action. However, the current production of HSAF is low and cannot meet the requirements for large-scale production. Herein, we discovered that iron ions greatly promoted HSAF production, and the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) was involved in this regulatory process. Fur was also found to participate in the regulation of iron homeostasis in OH11 via the classic inhibition mechanism of Holo-Fur. Furthermore, Fur was collectively observed to directly bind to the promoter of the HSAF biosynthesis gene, and its DNA-binding affinity was attenuated by the addition of iron ions in vitro and in vivo. Its regulatory mechanism followed the uncommon inhibition mechanism of Apo-Fur. In summary, Fur exhibited a bidirectional regulatory mechanism in OH11. This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism whereby Fur upregulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. These findings contribute to the improvement of HSAF production and may guide its development into biological pesticides. IMPORTANCE HSAF possesses potent and broad antifungal activity with a novel mode of action. The HSAF yield is critical for fermentation production. In this study, iron ions were found to increase HSAF production, and the specific mechanism was elaborated. These results provide theoretical support for genetic transformation to improve HSAF yield, supporting its development into biological pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhizhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rouxian Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youzhou Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adra C, Tran TD, Foster K, Tomlin R, Kurtböke Dİ. Untargeted MS-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Termite Gut-Associated Streptomycetes with Antifungal Activity against Pyrrhoderma noxium. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1373. [PMID: 37760670 PMCID: PMC10525753 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrrhoderma noxium is a plant fungal pathogen that induces the disease of brown root rot in a large variety of tree species. It is currently infecting many of the amenity trees within Brisbane City of Queensland, Australia. Steering away from harmful chemical fungicides, biological control agents offer environmentally friendly alternatives. Streptomycetes are known for their production of novel bioactive secondary metabolites with biocontrol potential, particularly, streptomycete symbionts isolated from unique ecological niches. In this study, 37 termite gut-associated actinomycete isolates were identified using molecular methods and screened against P. noxium. A majority of the isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces, and 15 isolates exhibited strong antifungal activity with up to 98.5% mycelial inhibition of the fungal pathogen. MS/MS molecular networking analysis of the isolates' fermentation extracts revealed several chemical classes with polyketides being among the most abundant. Most of the metabolites, however, did not have matches to the GNPS database, indicating potential novel antifungal compounds in the active extracts obtained from the isolates. Pathway enrichment and overrepresentation analyses revealed pathways relating to polyketide antibiotic production, among other antibiotic pathways, further confirming the biosynthetic potential of the termite gut-associated streptomycetes with biocontrol potential against P. noxium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cherrihan Adra
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.A.); (T.D.T.)
| | - Trong D. Tran
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.A.); (T.D.T.)
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Keith Foster
- Brisbane City Council, Program, Planning and Integration, Brisbane Square, Level 10, 266 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (K.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Russell Tomlin
- Brisbane City Council, Program, Planning and Integration, Brisbane Square, Level 10, 266 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (K.F.); (R.T.)
| | - D. İpek Kurtböke
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.A.); (T.D.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miller AL, Li S, Eichhorn CD, Zheng Y, Du L. Identification and Biosynthetic Study of the Siderophore Lysochelin in the Biocontrol Agent Lysobacter enzymogenes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7418-7426. [PMID: 37158236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lysobacter is a genus of bacteria emerging as new biocontrol agents in agriculture. Although iron acquisition is essential for the bacteria, no siderophore has been identified from any Lysobacter. Here, we report the identification of the first siderophore, N1,N8-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)spermidine (lysochelin), and its biosynthetic gene cluster from Lysobacter enzymogenes. Intriguingly, the deletion of the spermidine biosynthetic gene encoding arginine decarboxylase or SAM decarboxylase eliminated lysochelin and the antifungals, HSAF and its analogues, which are key to the disease control activity and to the survival of Lysobacter under oxidative stresses caused by excess iron. The production of lysochelin and the antifungals is greatly affected by iron concentration. Together, the results revealed a previously unrecognized system, in which L. enzymogenes produces a group of small molecules, lysochelin, spermidine, and HSAF and its analogues, that are affected by iron concentration and critical to the growth and survival of the biocontrol agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lynn Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Shanren Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Catherine D Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Yongbiao Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Liangcheng Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo J, Li X, Wang H, Du L, Shen Y, Li Y. Identification and Characterization of the 28- N-Methyltransferase Involved in HSAF Analogue Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2879-2883. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Haoxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Liangcheng Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yue H, Du L. Function of a pathway-associated major facilitator superfamily gene hsaf-orf1 in the biosynthesis of the antifungal HSAF in Lysobacter enzymogenes. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Zou H, Xia X, Xu Q, Wang H, Shen Y, Li Y. Discovery of Oxidized Polycyclic Tetramate Macrolactams Bearing One or Two Rings through Combinatorial Pathway Reassembly. Org Lett 2022; 24:6515-6519. [PMID: 36053065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structural diversity of polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PoTeMs) are mainly generated by the cyclases and cytochrome P450s (CYPs). The PoTeM cluster sah in Saccharopolyspora hirsuta harboring two CYP genes was combinatorially reassembled and heterologously expressed in Streptomyces. As a result, six new cytotoxic PoTeMs, sahamides A-F (1-6), were discovered, and 1-3 are the first examples of oxidized one-ring PoTeMs. Remarkably, SahE represents the first CYP performing oxidative modification on the ornithine moiety of PoTeMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qiushuang Xu
- State Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haoxin Wang
- State Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yue H, Miller AL, Khetrapal V, Jayaseker V, Wright S, Du L. Biosynthesis, regulation, and engineering of natural products from Lysobacter. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:842-874. [PMID: 35067688 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to August 2021Lysobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that was classified in 1987. Several Lysobacter species are emerging as new biocontrol agents for crop protection in agriculture. Lysobacter are prolific producers of new bioactive natural products that are largely underexplored. So far, several classes of structurally interesting and biologically active natural products have been isolated from Lysobacter. This article reviews the progress in Lysobacter natural product research over the past ten years, including molecular mechanisms for biosynthesis, regulation and mode of action, genome mining of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters, and metabolic engineering using synthetic biology tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Amanda Lynn Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Vimmy Khetrapal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Vishakha Jayaseker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Stephen Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Liangcheng Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding L, Zhang SD, Haidar AK, Bajimaya M, Guo Y, Larsen TO, Gram L. Polycyclic Tetramate Macrolactams-A Group of Natural Bioactive Metallophores. Front Chem 2021; 9:772858. [PMID: 34869220 PMCID: PMC8632820 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.772858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New infectious diseases and increase in drug-resistant microbial pathogens emphasize the need for antibiotics with novel mode-of-action. Tetramates represented by fungi-derived tenuazonic acid and bacterial polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PTMs) are an important family of natural products with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Despite their potential application as new antibiotics, it remains unknown how PTMs function. In this study, genomic mining revealed that PTM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are widespread in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and we investigated a sponge endosymbiont Actinoalloteichus hymeniacidonis harboring a potential PTM-BGC. Xanthobaccin A that previously has only been isolated from a Gram-negative bacterium was obtained after a scale-up fermentation, isolation, and structure elucidation through mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Xanthobaccin A as well as two previously reported tetramates, equisetin and ikarugamycin, exhibited antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis. In addition, these three tetramates were for the first time to be confirmed as metallophores and the stoichiometry of the complexes were shown to be Fe(III)(equisetin)3/Fe(III)(equisetin)2 and Fe(III)(ikarugamycin)2, respectively. Meanwhile, we found that all three tetramates could reduce ferric into ferrous iron, which triggers the Fenton chemistry reaction. Their antibacterial activity was reduced by adding the radical scavenger, vitamin C. Altogether, our work demonstrates that equisetin and PTMs can act as metallophores and their antimicrobial mechanism is possibly mediated through Fenton chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sheng-Da Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Kasem Haidar
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Manila Bajimaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yaojie Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|