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Pan L, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Wang Z, Zheng J. α-L-rhamnosidase: production, properties, and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:191. [PMID: 37160824 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
α-L-rhamnosidase [EC 3.2.1.40] belongs to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families (GH13, GH78, and GH106 families) in the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) database, which specifically hydrolyzes the non-reducing end of α-L-rhamnose. Αccording to the sites of catalytic hydrolysis, α-L-rhamnosidase can be divided into α-1, 2-rhamnosidase, α-1, 3-rhamnosidase, α-1, 4-rhamnosidase and α-1, 6-rhamnosidase. α-L-rhamnosidase is an important enzyme for various biotechnological applications, especially in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. α-L-rhamnosidase has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animals, plants, and microorganisms, and its microbial source includes a variety of bacteria, molds and yeasts (such as Lactobacillus sp., Aspergillus sp., Pichia angusta and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In recent years, a series of advances have been achieved in various aspects of α-validates the above-described-rhamnosidase research. A number of α-L-rhamnosidases have been successfully recombinant expressed in prokaryotic systems as well as eukaryotic systems which involve Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger, and the catalytic properties of the recombinant enzymes have been improved by enzyme modification techniques. In this review, the sources and production methods, general and catalytic properties and biotechnological applications of α-L-rhamnosidase in different fields are summarized and discussed, concluding with the directions for further in-depth research on α-L-rhamnosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Xie J, Zhao J, Zhang N, Xu H, Yang J, Ye J, Jiang J. Efficient Production of Isoquercitin, Icariin and Icariside II by A Novel Thermostable α-l-Rhamnosidase PodoRha from Paenibacillus odorifer with High α-1, 6- / α-1, 2- Glycoside Specificity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 158:110039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Ferreira-Lazarte A, Plaza-Vinuesa L, de Las Rivas B, Villamiel M, Muñoz R, Moreno FJ. Production of α-rhamnosidases from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and their role in deglycosylation of dietary flavonoids naringin and rutin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1093-1102. [PMID: 34780892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This work addresses the amino acid sequence, structural analysis, biochemical characterization and glycosidase activity of two recombinant α-rhamnosidases, Ram1 and Ram2, from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. The substrate specificity of both enzymes towards the disaccharide rutinose and natural dietary flavonoids naringin and rutin was also determined and compared to that of a commercial multienzyme complex (Pectinex Ultra Passover, PPO). Ram1 is a less acidic- and heat-active enzyme than Ram2 and exhibited a high activity towards pNP-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, but it was unable to hydrolyze neither rutinose, naringin or rutin. In contrast, Ram2 enzyme showed a substrate specificity towards α-(1➔6) glycosidic flavonoids, such as rutin, and the disaccharide rutinose. The mechanism of action of Ram2 towards rutin was elucidated and revealed the potential cost-effective and selective production of the monoglycosylated flavonoid isoquercetin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside). PPO efficiently converted both naringin and rutin into their corresponding aglycones. These findings revealed the potential usefulness of PPO for the improvement of sensory properties of beverages through debittering of citrus juices, as well as the potential use of Ram2 to selectively produce isoquercetin, a highly valued and bioactive flavonoid whose production is not currently affordable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Ferreira-Lazarte
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Plaza-Vinuesa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca de Las Rivas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Villamiel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosario Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Biochemical characterisation of four rhamnosidases from thermophilic bacteria of the genera Thermotoga, Caldicellulosiruptor and Thermoclostridium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15924. [PMID: 31685873 PMCID: PMC6828813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate active enzymes are classified in databases based on sequence and structural similarity. However, their function can vary considerably within a similarity-based enzyme family, which makes biochemical characterisation indispensable to unravel their physiological role and to arrive at a meaningful annotation of the corresponding genes. In this study, we biochemically characterised the four related enzymes Tm_Ram106B, Tn_Ram106B, Cb_Ram106B and Ts_Ram106B from the thermophilic bacteria Thermotoga maritima MSB8, Thermotoga neapolitana Z2706-MC24, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii DSM 6725 and Thermoclostridium stercorarium DSM 8532, respectively, as α-l-rhamnosidases. Cobalt, nickel, manganese and magnesium ions stimulated while EDTA and EGTA inhibited all four enzymes. The kinetic parameters such as Km, Vmax and kcat were about average compared to other rhamnosidases. The enzymes were inhibited by rhamnose, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) between 5 mM and 8 mM. The α-l-rhamnosidases removed the terminal rhamnose moiety from the rutinoside in naringin, a natural flavonone glycoside. The Thermotoga sp. enzymes displayed the highest optimum temperatures and thermostabilities of all rhamnosidases reported to date. The four thermophilic and divalent ion-dependent rhamnosidases are the first biochemically characterised orthologous enzymes recently assigned to glycoside hydrolase family 106.
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Liao H, Gong JY, Yang Y, Jiang ZD, Zhu YB, Li LJ, Ni H, Li QB. Enhancement of the thermostability of Aspergillus niger α-l-rhamnosidase based on PoPMuSiC algorithm. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12945. [PMID: 31368575 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
α-l-Rhamnosidase is a biotechnologically important enzyme in food industry and in the preparation of drugs and drug precursors. To expand the functionality of our previously cloned α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528, 14 mutants were constructed based on the changes of the folding free energy (ΔΔG), predicted by the PoPMuSiC algorithm. Among them, six single-site mutants displayed higher thermal stability than wild type (WT). The combinational mutant K573V-E631F displayed even higher thermostability than six single-site mutants. The spectra analyses displayed that the WT and K573V-E631F had almost similar secondary and tertiary structure profiles. The simulated protein structure-based interaction analysis and molecular dynamics calculation were further implemented to assess the conformational preferences of the K573V-E631F. The improved thermostability of mutant K573V-E631F may be attributed to the introduction of new cation-π and hydrophobic interactions, and the overall improvement of the enzyme conformation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The stability of enzymes, particularly with regards to thermal stability remains a critical issue in industrial biotechnology and industrial processing generally tends to higher ambient temperature to inhibit microbial growth. Most of the α-l-rhamnosidases are usually active at temperature from 30 to 60°C, which are apt to denature at temperatures over 60°C. To expand the functionality of our previously cloned α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528, we used protein engineering methods to increase the thermal stability of the α-l-rhamnosidase. Practically, conducting reactions at high temperatures enhances the solubility of substrates and products, increases the reaction rate thus reducing the reaction time, and inhibits the growth of contaminating microorganisms. Thus, the improvement on the thermostability of α-l-rhamnosidase on the one hand can increase enzyme efficacy; on the other hand, the high ambient temperature would enhance the solubility of natural substrates of α-l-rhamnosidase, such as naringin, rutin, and hesperidin, which are poorly dissolved in water at room temperature. Protein thermal resistance is an important issue beyond its obvious industrial importance. The current study also helps in the structure-function relationship study of α-l-rhamnosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-Ye Gong
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ze-Dong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan-Bing Zhu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Jun Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing-Biao Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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Pachl P, Škerlová J, Šimčíková D, Kotik M, Křenková A, Mader P, Brynda J, Kapešová J, Křen V, Otwinowski Z, Řezáčová P. Crystal structure of native α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 74:1078-1084. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318013049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
α-L-Rhamnosidases cleave terminal nonreducing α-L-rhamnosyl residues from many natural rhamnoglycosides. This makes them catalysts of interest for various biotechnological applications. The X-ray structure of the GH78 family α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus has been determined at 1.38 Å resolution using the sulfur single-wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing method. The protein was isolated from its natural source in the native glycosylated form, and the active site contained a glucose molecule, probably from the growth medium. In addition to its catalytic domain, the α-L-rhamnosidase from A. terreus contains four accessory domains of unknown function. The structural data suggest that two of these accessory domains, E and F, might play a role in stabilizing the aglycon portion of the bound substrate.
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Mensitieri F, De Lise F, Strazzulli A, Moracci M, Notomista E, Cafaro V, Bedini E, Sazinsky MH, Trifuoggi M, Di Donato A, Izzo V. Structural and functional insights into RHA-P, a bacterial GH106 α-L-rhamnosidase from Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 648:1-11. [PMID: 29678627 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-L-Rhamnosidases (α-RHAs, EC 3.2.1.40) are glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) hydrolyzing terminal α-l-rhamnose residues from different substrates such as heteropolysaccharides, glycosylated proteins and natural flavonoids. Although the possibility to hydrolyze rhamnose from natural flavonoids has boosted the use of these enzymes in several biotechnological applications over the past decades, to date only few bacterial rhamnosidases have been fully characterized and only one crystal structure of a rhamnosidase of the GH106 family has been described. In our previous work, an α-l-rhamnosidase belonging to this family, named RHA-P, was isolated from the marine microorganism Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y. The initial biochemical characterization highlighted the biotechnological potential of RHA-P for bioconversion applications. In this work, further functional and structural characterization of the enzyme is provided. The recombinant protein was obtained fused to a C-terminal His-tag and, starting from the periplasmic fractions of induced recombinant cells of E. coli strain BL21(DE3), was purified through a single step purification protocol. Homology modeling of RHA-P in combination with a site directed mutagenesis analysis confirmed the function of residues D503, E506, E644, likely located at the catalytic site of RHA-P. In addition, a kinetic characterization of the enzyme on natural flavonoids such as naringin, rutin, hesperidin and quercitrin was performed. RHA-P showed activity on all flavonoids tested, with a catalytic efficiency comparable or even higher than other bacterial α-RHAs described in literature. The results confirm that RHA-P is able to hydrolyze both α-1,2 and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages, and suggest that the enzyme may locate different polyphenolic aromatic moities in the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mensitieri
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica De Lise
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Strazzulli
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Moracci
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy; Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Matthew Howard Sazinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Sumner Hall, 333 N College Way, Claremont, CA, 91711, United States
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia 26, 80127, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende 2, 84131, Salerno, Italy.
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Li B, Ji Y, Li Y, Ding G. Characterization of a glycoside hydrolase family 78 α-l-rhamnosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 and identification of functional residues. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:120. [PMID: 29430381 PMCID: PMC5805665 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A putative glycoside hydrolase family 78 α-l-rhamnosidase BtRha78A from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 was heterologously over-expressed in Escherichia coli. Enzymatic properties of recombinant BtRha78A were characterized in detail. Recombinant BtRha78A might efficiently hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl α-l-rhamnopyranoside. BtRha78A displayed the highest activity at 60 °C in pH 6.5. BtRha78A exhibited a good pH stability and relatively high thermostability. BtRha78A could be tolerant of a low concentration of alcohols. These attractive advantages made it a promising alternative biocatalyst for industrial applications. The catalytic general acid Asp335 and general base Glu595 of BtRha78A were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. Alanine scanning mutagenesis based on sequence alignment and structural analysis revealed that the conserved residues Asp330, Arg334, Trp339, Asp342, Tyr383, Trp440, and His620 were crucial for enzyme catalysis. Most functional residues located at the conserved general acid motif (Asp330-Asp342) and were completely conserved in the subfamily I Rha78s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Yaru Ji
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Guobin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 China
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Li LJ, Wu ZY, Yu Y, Zhang LJ, Zhu YB, Ni H, Chen F. Development and characterization of an α-l-rhamnosidase mutant with improved thermostability and a higher efficiency for debittering orange juice. Food Chem 2017; 245:1070-1078. [PMID: 29287324 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The glycoside hydrolase, α-l-rhamnosidase, could remove the bitter taste of naringin from citrus juices. However, most α-l-rhamnosidases are easily deactivated at high temperatures, limiting the practice in debittering citrus juices. The V529A mutant of the α-l-rhamnosidase r-Rha1 from Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528 was developed with improved thermostability using directed evolution technology and site-directed mutagenesis. The enzyme mutant had a half-live of thermal inactivation T(1/2) of 1.92 h, 25.00 min, and 2 min at 60, 65, and 70 °C, respectively. In addition, it had improved substrate affinity and better resistance to the inhibition of glucose. The improved substrate affinity was related to its lowered binding energy. Most significantly, the naringin content was reduced to below the bitter taste threshold by treatment with 75 U/mL of the mutant during the preheating process of orange juice production. The comprehensive results indicate that thermostability improvement could promote the practical value of α-l-rhamnosidase in citrus juice processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jun Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Zhe Yu Wu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Lu Jia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yan Bing Zhu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Mueller M, Zartl B, Schleritzko A, Stenzl M, Viernstein H, Unger FM. Rhamnosidase activity of selected probiotics and their ability to hydrolyse flavonoid rhamnoglucosides. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:221-228. [PMID: 29124335 PMCID: PMC5773629 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioavailability of flavonoids is low, especially when occurring as rhamnoglucosides. Thus, the hydrolysis of rutin, hesperidin, naringin and a mixture of narcissin and rutin (from Cyrtosperma johnstonii) by 14 selected probiotics was tested. All strains showed rhamnosidase activity as shown using 4-nitrophenyl α-l-rhamnopyranoside as a substrate. Hesperidin was hydrolysed by 8–27% after 4 and up to 80% after 10 days and narcissin to 14–56% after 4 and 25–97% after 10 days. Rutin was hardly hydrolysed with a conversion rate ranging from 0 to 5% after 10 days. In the presence of narcissin, the hydrolysis of rutin was increased indicating that narcissin acts as an inducer. The rhamnosidase activity as well as the ability to hydrolyse flavonoid rhamnoglucosides was highly strain specific. Naringin was not hydrolysed by rhamnosidase from probiotics, not even by the purified recombinant enzyme, only by fungal rhamnosidase. In conclusion, rhamnosidases from the tested probiotics are substrate specific cleaving hesperidin, narcissin and to a small extent rutin, but not naringin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mueller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Barbara Zartl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Schleritzko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Stenzl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Viernstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank M Unger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Borzova N, Gudzenko O, Varbanets L. Purification and Characterization of a Naringinase from Cryptococcus albidus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:953-969. [PMID: 28920164 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Naringinase which was extracted from the fermented broth of Cryptococcus albidus was purified about 42-folds with yield 0.7% by sulfate fractionation and chromatography on Toyopearl HW-60, Fractogel DEAE-650-s, and Sepharose 6B columns. Molecular weight of protein determined by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE was 50 kDa. Naringinase of C. albidus includes high content of the dicarbonic and hydrophobic amino acids. Enzyme contains also carbohydrate component, represented by mannose, galactose, rhamnose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, and glucose. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 60 °C. Naringinase was found to exhibit specificity towards p-nitrophenyl-α-L-rhamnose, p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucose, naringin, and neohesperidin. Its K m towards naringin was 0.77 mM and the V max was 36 U/mg. Naringinase was inhibited by high concentrations of reaction product-L-rhamnose. Enzyme revealed stability to 20% ethanol and 500 mM glucose in the reaction mixture that makes it possible to forecast its practical use in the food industry in the production of juices and wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Borzova
- Department Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154 Zabolotny St, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine.
| | - Olena Gudzenko
- Department Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154 Zabolotny St, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmila Varbanets
- Department Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154 Zabolotny St, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
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12
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Park EH, Bae WY, Eom SJ, Kim KT, Paik HD. Improved antioxidative and cytotoxic activities of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) florets fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11613P. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:152-160. [PMID: 28124843 PMCID: PMC5296231 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidative and cytotoxic effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum were investigated to improve their biofunctional activities. Total polyphenol (TP) content was measured by the Folin-Denis method, and the antioxidant activities were assessed by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and β-carotene bleaching method. AGS, HeLa, LoVo, MCF-7, and MRC-5 (normal) cells were used to examine the cytotoxic effects by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. The TP content of fermented chamomile reduced from 21.75 to 18.76 mg gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE)/g, but the DPPH radical capturing activity of fermented chamomile was found to be 11.1% higher than that of nonfermented chamomile after 72 h of fermentation. Following the β-carotene bleaching, the antioxidative effect decreased because of a reduction in pH during fermentation. Additionally, chamomile fermented for 72 h showed a cytotoxic effect of about 95% against cancer cells at 12.7 mg solid/ml of broth, but MRC-5 cells were significantly less sensitive against fermented chamomile samples. These results suggest that the fermentation of chamomile could be applied to develop natural antioxidative and anticancer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Won-Young Bae
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Eom
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kee-Tae Kim
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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De Lise F, Mensitieri F, Tarallo V, Ventimiglia N, Vinciguerra R, Tramice A, Marchetti R, Pizzo E, Notomista E, Cafaro V, Molinaro A, Birolo L, Di Donato A, Izzo V. RHA-P: Isolation, expression and characterization of a bacterial α- l -rhamnosidase from Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Li L, Yu Y, Zhang X, Jiang Z, Zhu Y, Xiao A, Ni H, Chen F. Expression and biochemical characterization of recombinant α-l-rhamnosidase r-Rha1 from Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:391-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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O'Neill EC, Stevenson CEM, Paterson MJ, Rejzek M, Chauvin AL, Lawson DM, Field RA. Crystal structure of a novel two domain GH78 family α-rhamnosidase from Klebsiella oxytoca with rhamnose bound. Proteins 2015; 83:1742-9. [PMID: 25846411 PMCID: PMC4690510 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the GH78 family α-rhamnosidase from Klebsiella oxytoca (KoRha) has been determined at 2.7 Å resolution with rhamnose bound in the active site of the catalytic domain. Curiously, the putative catalytic acid, Asp 222, is preceded by an unusual non-proline cis-peptide bond which helps to project the carboxyl group into the active centre. This KoRha homodimeric structure is significantly smaller than those of the other previously determined GH78 structures. Nevertheless, the enzyme displays α-rhamnosidase activity when assayed in vitro, suggesting that the additional structural domains found in the related enzymes are dispensible for function. Proteins 2015; 83:1742–1749. © 2015 The Authors. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis C O'Neill
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Nr4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E M Stevenson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Nr4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Paterson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Nr4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Nr4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Laure Chauvin
- Laboratorio Nacional De Genómica Para La Biodiversidad (Langebio), CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato, Cp36821, México
| | - David M Lawson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Nr4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Nr4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Park EH, Kim HS, Eom SJ, Kim KT, Paik HD. Antioxidative and Anticanceric Activities of Magnolia (Magnolia denudata) Flower Petal Extract Fermented by Pediococcus acidilactici KCCM 11614. Molecules 2015; 20:12154-65. [PMID: 26151113 PMCID: PMC6331971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of magnolia (Magnolia (M.) denudata) extract fermentation in increasing the extract's antioxidative and anticancer activities were investigated. Magnolia was fermented by Pediococcus acidilactici KCCM 11614. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu's method and the antioxidative effects by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Anticancer activity against cancer and normal cells was determined using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Total phenolic content during fermentation increased from 38.1 to 47.0 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of solid matter. The radical scavenging activity was 91.4% after 72 h fermentation. Fermented magnolia's antioxidative effect was threefold higher than that of the (non-fermented) control. Fermentation (48 h) increased anticanceric activity against AGS, LoVo, and MCF-7 cancer cells 1.29- to 1.36-fold compared with that of the control, but did not affect MRC-5 (normal) cells, suggesting that fermented magnolia could be used as a natural antioxidative and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mails: (E.-H.P.); (H.-S.K.); (S.J.E.)
| | - Hyun-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mails: (E.-H.P.); (H.-S.K.); (S.J.E.)
| | - Su Jin Eom
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mails: (E.-H.P.); (H.-S.K.); (S.J.E.)
| | - Kee-Tae Kim
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mails: (E.-H.P.); (H.-S.K.); (S.J.E.)
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-2-2049-6011; Fax: +82-2-455-3082
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Rabausch U, Ilmberger N, Streit W. The metagenome-derived enzyme RhaB opens a new subclass of bacterial B type α-l-rhamnosidases. J Biotechnol 2014; 191:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alvarenga AE, Romero CM, Castro GR. A novel α-l-rhamnosidase with potential applications in citrus juice industry and in winemaking. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grandits M, Michlmayr H, Sygmund C, Oostenbrink C. Calculation of substrate binding affinities for a bacterial GH78 rhamnosidase through molecular dynamics simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 92:34-43. [PMID: 23914137 PMCID: PMC3663046 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural model of rhamnosidase Ram2 of Pediococcus acidilactici. Calculated binding free energies of rutinose and p-NPR agree with experiments. Suggested binding poses of rutinose and p-NPR are distinctly different. Different binding poses of rutinose and p-NPR are supported by experiments. Active site residues are proposed for further mutagenesis studies
Ram2 from Pediococcus acidilactici is a rhamnosidase from the glycoside hydrolase family 78. It shows remarkable selectivity for rutinose rather than para-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside (p-NPR). Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using a homology model of this enzyme, in complex with both substrates. Free energy calculations lead to predicted binding affinities of −34.4 and −30.6 kJ mol−1 respectively, agreeing well with an experimentally estimated relative free energy of 5.4 kJ mol−1. Further, the most relevant binding poses could be determined. While p-NPR preferably orients its rhamnose moiety toward the active site, rutinose interacts most strongly with its glucose moiety. A detailed hydrogen bond analysis confirms previously implicated residues in the active site (Asp217, Asp222, Trp226, Asp229 and Glu488) and quantifies the importance of individual residues for the binding. The most important amino acids are Asp229 and Phe339 which are involved in many interactions during the simulations. While Phe339 was observed in more simulations, Asp229 was involved in more persistent interactions (forming an average of at least 2 hydrogen bonds during the simulation). These analyses directly suggest mutations that could be used in a further experimental characterization of the enzyme. This study shows once more the strength of computer simulations to rationalize and guide experiments at an atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Grandits
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Michlmayr H, Nauer S, Brandes W, Schümann C, Kulbe KD, del Hierro AM, Eder R. Release of wine monoterpenes from natural precursors by glycosidases from Oenococcus oeni. Food Chem 2012. [PMCID: PMC3387370 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tamayo-Ramos JA, Flipphi M, Pardo E, Manzanares P, Orejas M. L-rhamnose induction of Aspergillus nidulans α-L-rhamnosidase genes is glucose repressed via a CreA-independent mechanism acting at the level of inducer uptake. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:26. [PMID: 22353731 PMCID: PMC3312857 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the structure and regulation of fungal α-L-rhamnosidase genes despite increasing interest in the biotechnological potential of the enzymes that they encode. Whilst the paradigmatic filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans growing on L-rhamnose produces an α-L-rhamnosidase suitable for oenological applications, at least eight genes encoding putative α-L-rhamnosidases have been found in its genome. In the current work we have identified the gene (rhaE) encoding the former activity, and characterization of its expression has revealed a novel regulatory mechanism. A shared pattern of expression has also been observed for a second α-L-rhamnosidase gene, (AN10277/rhaA). RESULTS Amino acid sequence data for the oenological α-L-rhamnosidase were determined using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and correspond to the amino acid sequence deduced from AN7151 (rhaE). The cDNA of rhaE was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and yielded pNP-rhamnohydrolase activity. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed this eukaryotic α-L-rhamnosidase to be the first such enzyme found to be more closely related to bacterial rhamnosidases than other α-L-rhamnosidases of fungal origin. Northern analyses of diverse A. nidulans strains cultivated under different growth conditions indicate that rhaA and rhaE are induced by L-rhamnose and repressed by D-glucose as well as other carbon sources, some of which are considered to be non-repressive growth substrates. Interestingly, the transcriptional repression is independent of the wide domain carbon catabolite repressor CreA. Gene induction and glucose repression of these rha genes correlate with the uptake, or lack of it, of the inducing carbon source L-rhamnose, suggesting a prominent role for inducer exclusion in repression. CONCLUSIONS The A. nidulans rhaE gene encodes an α-L-rhamnosidase phylogenetically distant to those described in filamentous fungi, and its expression is regulated by a novel CreA-independent mechanism. The identification of rhaE and the characterization of its regulation will facilitate the design of strategies to overproduce the encoded enzyme - or homologs from other fungi - for industrial applications. Moreover, A. nidulans α-L-rhamnosidase encoding genes could serve as prototypes for fungal genes coding for plant cell wall degrading enzymes regulated by a novel mechanism of CCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Tamayo-Ramos
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Present address: Fungal Systems Biology, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Flipphi
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ester Pardo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Manzanares
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Margarita Orejas
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Updates on naringinase: structural and biotechnological aspects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:49-60. [PMID: 22080346 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Naringinases has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to its hydrolytic activities which include the production of rhamnose, and prunin and debittering of citrus fruit juices. While this enzyme is widely distributed in fungi, its production from bacterial sources is less commonly known. Fungal naringinase are very important as they are used industrially in large amounts and have been extensively studied during the past decade. In this article, production of bacterial naringinase and potential biotechnological applications are discussed. Bacterial rhamnosidases are exotype enzymes that hydrolyse terminal non-reducing α-L-rhamnosyl groups from α-L-rhamnose containing polysaccharides and glycosides. Structurally, they are classified into family 78 of glycoside hydrolases and characterized by the presence of Asp567 and Glu841 in their active site. Optimization of fermentation conditions and enzyme engineering will allow the development of improved rhamnosidases for advancing suggested industrial applications.
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