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Ryu JS, Park B, van Peer AF, Na KS, Lee SH. Quantitative trait loci analysis for molecular markers linked to agricultural traits of Pleurotus ostreatus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308832. [PMID: 39133731 PMCID: PMC11318876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is a global mushroom crop with nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, the genetic basis of several commercial traits remains unknown. To address this, we analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for two representative cultivars, "Heuktari" and "Miso," with apparently distinct alleles. A genetic map with 11 linkage groups was constructed, in which 27 QTLs were assigned to 14 traits. The explained phenotypic variations in QTLs ranged from 7.8% to 22.0%. Relatively high LOD values of 6.190 and 5.485 were estimated for the pinheading period and the number of valid stipes, respectively. Some QTL-derived molecular markers showed potential enhancement rates of selection precision in inbred lines, especially for cap shape (50%) and cap thickness (30%). Candidate genes were inferred from the QTL regions and validated using qRT-PCR, particularly for the cysteine and glutathione pathway, in relation to cap yellowness. The molecular markers in this study are expected to facilitate the breeding of the Heuktari and Miso lines and provide probes to identify related genes in P. ostreatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-San Ryu
- Department of Mushroom Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Bokyung Park
- Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Arend F. van Peer
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kyeong Sook Na
- Department of Mushroom Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Barh A, Kamal S, Sharma VP, Sharma K, Kumari B, Nath M. Identification and morpho-molecular characterization of low spore strain in oyster mushroom. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5029-5038. [PMID: 37095362 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporocarps of oyster mushroom liberate enormous spores and cause allergic reactions to workers involved in its cultivation. These spore-related allergies include stiffness or pain in the forearms, limbs, itchy throat, grogginess, and respiratory problems and are major problems during oyster mushroom cultivation. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we have generated seven hybrids using single-spore isolates (SSIs) of Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida (DMRP-49) and P. ostreatus (DMRP-30). Chimera was observed during cultivation trial of these hybrids and led to the development of low spore-producing/sporeless strain (DMRP-395) as evident from spore print and microscopic analysis. Further, the cultivation trial of this sporeless strain revealed a bunchy fruiting pattern and required 20-24 °C temperature for fruiting. At par yield was observed in sporeless strain. Notably, a prominent infundibuliform-shaped pileus along with central attachment of stipe was observed in the sporeless strain. Moreover, genetic diversity and principal component biplot analysis revealed resemblance of sporeless strain with one of the parental strain, i.e., P. ostreatus var. florida (DMRP-49). CONCLUSIONS The developed sporeless strain (DMRP-395) contains high protein and at par yield as compared with the control (DMRP-136). This sporeless strain will be helpful to reduce spore-related allergic responses in mushroom growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Barh
- ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, 173213, India.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, 248195, India.
| | - Shwet Kamal
- ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, 173213, India
| | | | - Kanika Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, 173213, India
| | - Babita Kumari
- ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, 173213, India
| | - Manoj Nath
- ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan, 173213, India
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3
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Jiang W, Wang J, Pan H, Yang R, Ma F, Luo J, Han C. Advances in Mechanism and Application of Molecular Breeding of Medicinal Mushrooms: A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:65-74. [PMID: 37831513 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
With the development of molecular biology and genomics technology, mushroom breeding methods have changed from single traditional breeding to molecular breeding. Compared with traditional breeding methods, molecular breeding has the advantages of short time and high efficiency. It breaks through the restrictive factors of conventional breeding and improves the accuracy of breeding. Molecular breeding technology is gradually applied to mushroom breeding. This paper summarizes the concept of molecular breeding and the application progress of various molecular breeding technologies in mushroom breeding, in order to provide reference for future research on mushroom breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research and Development Center, Shandong Phoenix Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Taian, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, People's Republic of China
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4
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Cai M, Tan Z, Wu X, Liang X, Liu Y, Xie Y, Li X, Xiao C, Gao X, Chen S, Hu H, Wu Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes and metabolic pathways involved in sporulation in Ganoderma lingzhi. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkab448. [PMID: 35079793 PMCID: PMC8895980 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, Ganoderma lingzhi spores have received considerable attention as a great potential pharmaceutical resource. However, the genetic regulation of sporulation is not well understood. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the low-sporing HZ203 and high-sporing YW-1 was performed to characterize the mechanism underlying sporulation. A total of 917 differentially expressed genes were identified in HZ203 and 1,450 differentially expressed genes in YW-1. Differentially expressed genes involved in sporulation were identified, which included HOP1, Mek1, MSH4, MSH5, and Spo5 in meiosis. Positive regulatory pathways of sporulation were proposed as 2 transcriptional factors had high connectivity with MSH4 and Spo5. Furthermore, we found that the pathways associated with energy production were enriched in the high-sporing genotype, such as the glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism. Finally, we performed a weighted gene coexpression network analysis and found that the hub genes of the module which exhibit strong positive relationship with the high-sporing phase purportedly participate in signal transduction, carbohydrate transport and metabolism. The dissection of differentially expressed genes during sporulation extends our knowledge about the genetic and molecular networks mediating spore morphogenesis and sheds light on the importance of energy source during sporulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjun Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zengdong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaowei Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yuanchao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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5
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Oh YL, Choi IG, Jang KY, Kim MS, Oh MJ, Im JH. SNP-Based Genetic Linkage Map and Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping Associated with the Agronomically Important Traits of Hypsizygus marmoreus. MYCOBIOLOGY 2021; 49:589-598. [PMID: 35035250 PMCID: PMC8725901 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2021.2018784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
White strains of Hypsizygus marmoreus are more difficult to cultivate than are brown strains; therefore, new white strain breeding strategies are required. Accordingly, we constructed the genetic map of H. marmoreus with 1996 SNP markers on 11 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 1380.49 cM. Prior to analysis, 82 backcrossed strains (HM8 lines) were generated by mating between KMCC03106-31 and the progenies of the F1 hybrid (Hami-18 × KMCC03106-93). Using HM8, the first 23 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of yield-related traits were detected with high limit of detection (LOD) scores (1.98-9.86). The length, thickness, and hardness of the stipe were colocated on LG 1. Especially, length of stipe and thickness of stipe were highly correlated given that the correlation coefficients were negative (-0.39, p value ≤ .01). And a typical biomodal distribution was observed for lightness of the pileus and the lightness of the pileus trait belonged to the LG 8, as did traits of earliness and mycelial growth in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Therefore, results for color traits can be suggested that color is controlled by a multi-gene of one locus. The yield trait was highly negatively correlated with the traits for thickness of the stipe (-0.45, p value ≤ .01). Based on additive effects, the white strain was confirmed as recessive; however, traits of mycelial growth, lightness, and quality were inherited by backcrossed HM8 lines. This new genetic map, finely mapped QTLs, and the strong selection markers could be used in molecular breeding of H. marmoreus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Lee Oh
- Mushroom Science Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Geol Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kab-Yeul Jang
- Mushroom Science Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Korea
| | - Min-Seek Kim
- Mushroom Science Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Korea
| | - Min ji Oh
- Mushroom Science Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Im
- Mushroom Science Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Korea
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6
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Yoneyama S, Maeda K, Sadamori A, Saitoh S, Tsuda M, Azuma T, Nagano A, Tomiyama T, Matsumoto T. Construction of a genetic linkage map and detection of quantitative trait locus for the ergothioneine content in tamogitake mushroom ( Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus). MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:71-80. [PMID: 37090022 PMCID: PMC9157747 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing high-content strains of L-ergothioneine (EGT), an antioxidant amino acid, is an important breeding target for tamogitake mushroom, Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus. We constructed a genetic linkage map based on segregation analysis of markers in 105 F1 progenies. The loci of 245 markers, including 10 AFLP markers, 195 Rad markers, 2 mating type factors, and 38 gene markers, were mapped. The map contained 12 linkage groups with a total genetic distance of 906.8 cM, and an average marker interval of 4.0 cM. The population from crossing between tester monokaryon and F1 progenies was used to characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL) for EGT content. With composite interval mapping (CIM) method, QTL of EGT content were found to be located in linkage group 10, having a Logarithm of the odds (LOD) score of 2.53 with a 10.1% contribution rate. Moreover, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), A/T, was identified in a gene region of the genome in the neighborhood where the QTL peak existed. This SNP genotype was in good agreement with the EGT phenotypes of each strain in the both QTL population and wild population. Thus, this SNP would have great potential value to use the marker-assisted selection (MAS) for this mushroom with high EGT content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Yoneyama
- Forest Products Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization
| | - Kaede Maeda
- Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Ayuka Sadamori
- Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Sayaka Saitoh
- Forest Products Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization
| | - Mayumi Tsuda
- Forest Products Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization
| | - Tomonori Azuma
- Forest Products Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization
| | | | | | - Teruyuki Matsumoto
- Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
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7
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Yoneyama S, Shirai N, Ando N, Azuma T, Tsuda M, Matsumoto T. Identification of a SNP and development of a PCR-based allele-specific marker of the sporulation-deficient (sporeless) trait of the Tamogitake 108Y2D mutant using next-generation sequencing. BREEDING SCIENCE 2020; 70:530-539. [PMID: 33603548 PMCID: PMC7878937 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mass scattering of basidiospores during the cultivation of edible mushrooms causes serious problems, such as allergic reactions in workers. Sporulation-deficient (sporeless) cultivars would be very useful for preventing these issues. We aimed to identify the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that is responsible for the single dominant sporeless mutation of the Tamogitake 108Y2D mutant using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and TILLING technology and to develop an allele-specific PCR marker for sporeless breeding. By comparing the sequences of the wild-type and its mutant genomes, we identified 685 mutation loci in gene regions and pinpointed one SNP only consistent with sporeless phenotype for 105 segregants, i.e., a C to T located at position 1,950 of the exonic region of a putative fungal transcription factor that generated a stop codon. We developed an allele-specific marker based on the identified SNP, and its high practicality was validated using tests against progenies from several hybrids and wild isolates from different geographical origins. Thus, the allele-specific PCR marker developed here will be useful for marker-assisted selection in the breeding of the sporeless trait of this mushroom. Furthermore, the technical success of SNP identification and marker development based on NGS genome data can help achieve efficient mutation breeding in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Yoneyama
- Forest Products Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, 1-10 Nishikagura, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 071-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuki Shirai
- Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ando
- Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomonori Azuma
- Forest Products Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, 1-10 Nishikagura, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 071-0198, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuda
- Forest Products Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, 1-10 Nishikagura, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 071-0198, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Matsumoto
- Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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8
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Peng M, Zeng D, Zhu W, Chen X, Yang C, Liu Q, Li Q, Wang H, Liu H, Liang J, Lin Y, Chen X, Zhao Y. Construction of a High-Density Genetic Map and Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Nitrite Tolerance in the Pacific White Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei). Front Genet 2020; 11:571880. [PMID: 33193676 PMCID: PMC7541944 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.571880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrite is a major environmental toxin in aquaculture systems that disrupts multiple physiological functions in aquatic animals. Although nitrite tolerance in shrimp is closely related to successful industrial production, few genetic studies of this trait are available. In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic map of Litopenaeus vannamei with 17,242 single nucleotide polymorphism markers spanning 6,828.06 centimorgans (cM), with an average distance of 0.4 cM between adjacent markers on 44 linkage groups (LGs). Using this genetic map, we identified two markers associated with nitrite tolerance. We then sequenced the transcriptomes of the most nitrite-tolerant and nitrite-sensitive individuals from each of four genetically distinct L. vannamei families (LV-I–4). We found 2,002, 1,983, 1,954, and 1,867 differentially expressed genes in families LV-1, LV-2, LV-3, and LV-4, respectively. By integrating QTL and transcriptomics analyses, we identified a candidate gene associated with nitrite tolerance. This gene was annotated as solute carrier family 26 member 6 (SLC26A6). RNA interference (RNAi) analysis demonstrated that SLC26A6 was critical for nitrite tolerance in L. vannamei. The present study increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying nitrite tolerance in shrimp and provides a basis for molecular-marker-assisted shrimp breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Digang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Weilin Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chunling Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qiangyong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingzhen Liang
- Life Science Research Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
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Okuda Y, Ito M, Shimada Y, Ishigami M, Matsumoto T. Morphological, cytological and genetic analyzes of the 'sango' mutant with the defects in basidiocarp development in edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5626343. [PMID: 31730201 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A spontaneous, morphological variation 'sango' was observed in the progeny of a Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. wild-type basidiocarp (also known as fruiting body) collected from the field. This variant developed wart- and coral-like structures instead of normal basidiocarps. Microscopic analysis showed that the sango phenotype had defects in the differentiation of the pileus and hymenium. Basidiocarp phenotypic data analysis in the progenies revealed that the sango trait is a heritable mutation character controlled by a single recessive gene. This mutation locus was mapped on linkage group III of a previously constructed genetic linkage map by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique in P. pulmonarius. Four AFLP markers identified by bulked segregant analysis showed linkage to the sango mutation locus, with the genetic distance ranging from 0 to 2.1 cM. Of these markers, one marker was co-segregated with the sango mutation locus. This knowledge will be a useful foundation for practical breeding as well as for elucidating molecular mechanisms in basidiocarp development of main edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Okuda
- Contribution No. 418 from the Tottori Mycological Institute, 211 Kokoge, Tottori 689-1125, Japan
| | - Mikinari Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yu Shimada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Masato Ishigami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Matsumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Gong W, Xie C, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Peng Y. A Resequencing-Based Ultradense Genetic Map of Hericium erinaceus for Anchoring Genome Sequences and Identifying Genetic Loci Associated With Monokaryon Growth. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3129. [PMID: 32082271 PMCID: PMC7005679 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus has attracted tremendous interest owing to its compelling health-promoting properties. However, breeding of elite cultivars of H. erinaceus is hindered by the lack of a genetic and molecular toolbox. Here, we performed resequencing analysis of 127 F1 single-spore isolates and constructed the first high-resolution genetic map of H. erinaceus. With the use of recombination bins as markers, an ultradense genetic map consisting of 1,174 bins (including 37,082 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) was generated. This newly developed genetic map covered 1,096.5 cM, with an average bin spacing of 0.95 cM. High collinearity between genetic map and H. erinaceus genome assembly was revealed by aligning scaffolds to this genetic map using bin markers as anchors. The application of this newly developed genetic map in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was also elucidated, and four QTLs for monokaryon growth were recovered. One QTL, mgr1, which contributes 12.1% of growth variations, was located near the mating type A (MAT-A) loci. Overall, this newly constructed high-resolution genetic map (or bin map) could be used as reference in future genetic, genomic, and breeding studies on H. erinaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuande Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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11
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Ramekar RV, Sa KJ, Park KC, Roy N, Kim NS, Lee JK. Construction of genetic linkage map and identification of QTLs related to agronomic traits in maize using DNA transposon-based markers. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:465-473. [PMID: 30369821 PMCID: PMC6198908 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.18017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs), are a rich source for molecular marker development as they constitute a significant fraction of the eukaryotic genome and impact the overall genome structure. Here, we utilize Mutator-based transposon display (Mu-TD), and CACTA-derived sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCAR) anchored by simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms to locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked to agriculturally important traits on a genetic map. Specifically, we studied recombinant inbred line populations derived from a cross between dent corn and waxy corn. The resulting linkage map included 259 Mu-anchored fragments, 34 SCARs, and 614 SSR markers distributed throughout the ten maize chromosomes. Linkage analysis revealed three SNP loci associated with kernel starch synthesis genes (sh2, su1, wx1) linked to either Mu-TD loci or SSR markers, which may be useful for maize breeding programs. In addition, we used QTL analysis to determine the chromosomal location of traits related to grain yield and kernel quality. We identified 24 QTLs associated with nine traits located on nine out of ten maize chromosomes. Among these, 13 QTLs involved Mu loci and two involved SCARs. This study demonstrates the potential use of DNA transposon-based markers to construct linkage maps and identify QTLs linked to agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vasudeo Ramekar
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Sa
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - Kyong-Cheul Park
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - Neha Roy
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - Nam-Soo Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - Ju Kyong Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
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12
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Sathesh-Prabu C, Lee YK. Genetic Variability and Proteome Profiling of a Radiation Induced Cellulase Mutant Mushroom Pleurotus florida. Pol J Microbiol 2018; 65:271-277. [PMID: 29334071 DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1215606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the genetic similarity changes between a mutant mushroom (Pleurotus florida, designated as PfCM4) having increased cellulolytic activity developed through radiation mutagenesis and its wild type by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). On average, 23 AFLP fragments were amplified per primer combination, and a total of 286 polymorphic fragments (78.57% polymorphism) with maximal fragment length of 1365 base pairs (bp) were obtained. The genetic similarity between wild type and PfCM4 was found to be 22.30%. In addition, mycelial and secreted protein profiling by 2D-PAGE showed at least three and five different protein spots in the range of 25 kD to 100 kD, respectively, in PfCM4. It seems that the variation in genetic similarity and different expression of both mycelial and secreted proteins in PfCM4 in comparison to the wild type could likely be correlated with its increased cellulolytic activity effected by the irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Sathesh-Prabu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Young-Keun Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
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13
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Gao W, Qu J, Zhang J, Sonnenberg A, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Huang C. A genetic linkage map of Pleurotus tuoliensis integrated with physical mapping of the de novo sequenced genome and the mating type loci. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:18. [PMID: 29304732 PMCID: PMC5755439 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pleurotus tuoliensis (Bailinggu) is a commercially cultivated mushroom species with an increasing popularity in China and other Asian countries. Commercial profits are now low, mainly due to a low yield, long cultivation period and sensitivity to diseases. Breeding efforts are thus required to improve agronomical important traits. Developing saturated genetic linkage and physical maps is a start for applying genetic and molecular approaches to accelerate the precise breeding programs. Results Here we present a genetic linkage map for P. tuoliensis constructed by using 115 haploid monokaryons derived from a hybrid strain H6. One thousand one hundred and eighty-two SNP markers developed by 2b–RAD (type IIB restriction-site associated DNA) approach were mapped to 12 linkage groups. The map covers 1073 cM with an average marker spacing of 1.0 cM. The genome of P. tuoliensis was de novo sequenced as 40.8 Mb and consisted of 500 scaffolds (>500 bp), which showed a high level of colinearity to the genome of P. eryngii var. eryngii. A total of 97.4% SNP markers (1151) were physically localized on 78 scaffolds, and the physical length of these anchored scaffolds were 33.9 Mb representing 83.1% of the whole genome. Mating type loci A and B were mapped on separate linkage groups and identified physically on the assembled genomes. Five putative pheromone receptors and two putative pheromone precursors were identified for the mating type B locus. Conclusions This study reported a first genetic linkage map integrated with physical mapping of the de novo sequenced genome and the mating type loci of an important cultivated mushroom in China, P. tuoliensis. The de novo sequenced and annotated genome, assembled using a 2b–RAD generated linkage map, provides a basis for marker-assisted breeding of this economic important mushroom species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4421-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jibin Qu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Anton Sonnenberg
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research Centre, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qiang Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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Construction of a genetic linkage map and QTL mapping of agronomic traits in Auricularia auricula-judae. J Microbiol 2017; 55:792-799. [PMID: 28956350 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-7241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Auricularia auricula-judae is a traditional edible fungus that is cultivated widely in China. In this study, a genetic linkage map for A. auricula-judae was constructed using a mapping population consisting of 138 monokaryons derived from a hybrid strain (A119-5). The monokaryotic parent strains A14-5 and A18-119 were derived from two cultivated varieties, A14 (Qihei No. 1) and A18 (Qihei No. 2), respectively. In total, 130 simple sequence repeat markers were mapped. These markers were developed using the whole genome sequence of A. auricula-judae and amplified in A14-5, A18- 119, and the mapping population. The map consisted of 11 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 854 cM, with an average interval length of 6.57 cM. A testcross population was derived from crossing between the monokaryon A184-57 (from the wild strain A184 as a tester strain) and the mapping population. Important agronomic trait-related QTLs, including mycelium growth rate on potato dextrose agar for the mapping population, mycelium growth rate on potato dextrose agar and sawdust for the testcross population, growth period (days from inoculation to fruiting body harvesting), and yield for the testcross population, were identified using the composite interval mapping method. Six mycelium growth raterelated QTLs were identified on LG1 and LG4, two growth period-related QTLs were identified on LG2, and three yieldrelated QTLs were identified on LG2 and LG6. The results showed no linkage relationship between mycelium growth rate and growth period. The present study provides a foundation for locating genes for important agronomic characteristics in A. auricula-judae in the future.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identified Candidate Genes Related to Bailinggu Mushroom Formation and Genetic Markers for Genetic Analyses and Breeding. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9266. [PMID: 28839254 PMCID: PMC5571210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bailinggu (Pleurotus tuoliensis) is a major, commercially cultivated mushroom and widely used for nutritional, medicinal, and industrial applications. Yet, the mushroom’s genetic architecture and the molecular mechanisms underlying its formation are largely unknown. Here we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis during Bailinggu’s mycelia, primordia, and fruiting body stages to identify genes regulating fruiting body development and develop EST-SSR markers assessing the genetic value of breeding materials. The stage-specific and differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) involved in morphogenesis, primary carbohydrate metabolism, cold stimulation and blue-light response were identified using GO and KEGG databases. These unigenes might help Bailinggu adapt to genetic and environmental factors that influence fructification. The most pronounced change in gene expression occurred during the vegetative-to-reproductive transition, suggesting that is most active and key for Bailinggu development. We then developed 26 polymorphic and informative EST-SSR markers to assess the genetic diversity in 82 strains of Bailinggu breeding materials. These EST-SSRs exhibited high transferability in closely related species P. eryngii var. ferulae and var. eryngii. Genetic population structure analysis indicated that China’s Bailinggu has low introgression with these two varieties and likely evolved independently. These findings provide new genes, SSR markers, and germplasm to enhance the breeding of commercially cultivated Bailinggu.
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16
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Detection of Edible Mushroom Species by Using Molecular Markers. Fungal Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34106-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Construction of a genetic linkage map and analysis of quantitative trait loci associated with the agronomically important traits of Pleurotus eryngii. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 92:50-64. [PMID: 27166667 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breeding new strains with improved traits is a long-standing goal of mushroom breeders that can be expedited by marker-assisted selection (MAS). We constructed a genetic linkage map of Pleurotus eryngii based on segregation analysis of markers in postmeiotic monokaryons from KNR2312. In total, 256 loci comprising 226 simple sequence-repeat (SSR) markers, 2 mating-type factors, and 28 insertion/deletion (InDel) markers were mapped. The map consisted of 12 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 1047.8cM, with an average interval length of 4.09cM. Four independent populations (Pd3, Pd8, Pd14, and Pd15) derived from crossing between four monokaryons from KNR2532 as a tester strain and 98 monokaryons from KNR2312 were used to characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL) for nine traits such as yield, quality, cap color, and earliness. Using composite interval mapping (CIM), 71 QTLs explaining between 5.82% and 33.17% of the phenotypic variations were identified. Clusters of more than five QTLs for various traits were identified in three genomic regions, on LGs 1, 7 and 9. Regardless of the population, 6 of the 9 traits studied and 18 of the 71 QTLs found in this study were identified in the largest cluster, LG1, in the range from 65.4 to 110.4cM. The candidate genes for yield encoding transcription factor, signal transduction, mycelial growth and hydrolase are suggested by using manual and computational analysis of genome sequence corresponding to QTL region with the highest likelihood odds (LOD) for yield. The genetic map and the QTLs established in this study will help breeders and geneticists to develop selection markers for agronomically important characteristics of mushrooms and to identify the corresponding genes.
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18
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Foulongne-Oriol M, Rocha de Brito M, Cabannes D, Clément A, Spataro C, Moinard M, Dias ES, Callac P, Savoie JM. The Genetic Linkage Map of the Medicinal Mushroom Agaricus subrufescens Reveals Highly Conserved Macrosynteny with the Congeneric Species Agaricus bisporus. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:1217-26. [PMID: 26921302 PMCID: PMC4856074 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.025718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Comparative linkage mapping can rapidly facilitate the transfer of genetic information from model species to orphan species. This macrosynteny analysis approach has been extensively used in plant species, but few example are available in fungi, and even fewer in mushroom crop species. Among the latter, the Agaricus genus comprises the most cultivable or potentially cultivable species. Agaricus bisporus, the button mushroom, is the model for edible and cultivable mushrooms. We have developed the first genetic linkage map for the basidiomycete A. subrufescens, an emerging mushroom crop known for its therapeutic properties and potential medicinal applications. The map includes 202 markers distributed over 16 linkage groups (LG), and covers a total length of 1701 cM, with an average marker spacing of 8.2 cM. Using 96 homologous loci, we also demonstrated the high level of macrosynteny with the genome of A. bisporus The 13 main LG of A. subrufescens were syntenic to the 13 A. bisporus chromosomes. A disrupted synteny was observed for the three remaining A. subrufescens LG. Electronic mapping of a collection of A. subrufescens expressed sequence tags on A. bisporus genome showed that the homologous loci were evenly spread, with the exception of a few local hot or cold spots of homology. Our results were discussed in the light of Agaricus species evolution process. The map provides a framework for future genetic or genomic studies of the medicinal mushroom A. subrufescens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Rocha de Brito
- INRA, UR1264 MycSA, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, Villenave d'Ornon, France Departamento de Biologia, UFLA, Universidade Federal de Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Delphine Cabannes
- INRA, UR1264 MycSA, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Aurélien Clément
- INRA, UR1264 MycSA, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cathy Spataro
- INRA, UR1264 MycSA, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Magalie Moinard
- INRA, UR1264 MycSA, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Eustáquio Souza Dias
- Departamento de Biologia, UFLA, Universidade Federal de Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Philippe Callac
- INRA, UR1264 MycSA, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Savoie
- INRA, UR1264 MycSA, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Structural Variation (SV) Markers in the Basidiomycete Volvariella volvacea and Their Application in the Construction of a Genetic Map. Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26204838 PMCID: PMC4519972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160716669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular markers and genetic maps are useful tools in genetic studies. Novel molecular markers and their applications have been developed in recent years. With the recent advancements in sequencing technology, the genomic sequences of an increasingly great number of fungi have become available. A novel type of molecular marker was developed to construct the first reported linkage map of the edible and economically important basidiomycete Volvariella volvacea by using 104 structural variation (SV) markers that are based on the genomic sequences. Because of the special and simple life cycle in basidiomycete, SV markers can be effectively developed by genomic comparison and tested in single spore isolates (SSIs). This stable, convenient and rapidly developed marker may assist in the construction of genetic maps and facilitate genomic research for other species of fungi.
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20
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Gong WB, Liu W, Lu YY, Bian YB, Zhou Y, Kwan HS, Cheung MK, Xiao Y. Constructing a new integrated genetic linkage map and mapping quantitative trait loci for vegetative mycelium growth rate in Lentinula edodes. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:295-308. [PMID: 24607353 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The most saturated linkage map for Lentinula edodes to date was constructed based on a monokaryotic population of 146 single spore isolates (SSIs) using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP), insertion-deletion (InDel) markers, and the mating-type loci. Five hundred and twenty-four markers were located on 13 linkage groups (LGs). The map spanned a total length of 1006.1 cM, with an average marker spacing of 2.0 cM. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping was utilized to uncover the loci regulating and controlling the vegetative mycelium growth rate on various synthetic media, and complex medium for commercial cultivation of L. edodes. Two and 13 putative QTLs, identified respectively in the monokaryotic population and two testcross dikaryotic populations, were mapped on seven different LGs. Several vegetative mycelium growth rate-related QTLs uncovered here were clustered on LG4 (Qmgr1, Qdgr1, Qdgr2 and Qdgr9) and LG6 (Qdgr3, Qdgr4 and Qdgr5), implying the presence of main genomic areas responsible for growth rate regulation and control. The QTL hotspot region on LG4 was found to be in close proximity to the region containing the mating-type A (MAT-A) locus. Moreover, Qdgr2 on LG4 was detected on different media, contributing 8.07 %-23.71 % of the phenotypic variation. The present study provides essential information for QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in L. edodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Development (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, PR China; Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Province 430072, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Lu
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; Institute of Crop Genetic Resource, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Yin-Bing Bian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Development (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, PR China; Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Development (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, PR China; Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Hoi Shan Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Man Kit Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Development (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, PR China; Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Province 430070, PR China.
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