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Norfolk WA, Melendez-Declet C, Lipp EK. Coral Disease and Ingestion: Investigating the Role of Heterotrophy in the Transmission of Pathogenic Vibrio spp. using a Sea Anemone ( Exaiptasia pallida) Model System. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023:e0018723. [PMID: 37191521 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00187-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding disease transmission in corals can be complicated given the intricacy of the holobiont and difficulties associated with ex situ coral cultivation. As a result, most of the established transmission pathways for coral disease are associated with perturbance (i.e., damage) rather than evasion of immune defenses. Here, we investigate ingestion as a potential pathway for the transmission of coral pathogens that evades the mucus membrane. Using sea anemones (Exaiptasia pallida) and brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) to model coral feeding, we tracked the acquisition of the putative pathogens, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. mediterranei using GFP-tagged strains. Vibrio sp. were provided to anemones using 3 experimental exposures (i) direct water exposure alone, (ii) water exposure in the presence of a food source (non-spiked Artemia), and (iii) through a "spiked" food source (Vibrio-colonized Artemia) created by exposing Artemia cultures to GFP-Vibrio via the ambient water overnight. Following a 3 h feeding/exposure duration, the level of acquired GFP-Vibrio was quantified from anemone tissue homogenate. Ingestion of spiked Artemia resulted in a significantly greater burden of GFP-Vibrio equating to an 830-fold, 3,108-fold, and 435-fold increase in CFU mL-1 when compared to water exposed trials and a 207-fold, 62-fold, and 27-fold increase in CFU mL-1 compared to water exposed with food trials for V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. mediterranei, respectively. These data suggest that ingestion can facilitate delivery of an elevated dose of pathogenic bacteria in cnidarians and may describe an important portal of entry for pathogens in the absence of perturbing conditions. IMPORTANCE The front line of pathogen defense in corals is the mucus membrane. This membrane coats the surface body wall creating a semi-impermeable layer that inhibits pathogen entry from the ambient water both physically and biologically through mutualistic antagonism from resident mucus microbes. To date, much of the coral disease transmission research has been focused on mechanisms associated with perturbance of this membrane such as direct contact, vector lesions (predation/biting), and waterborne exposure through preexisting lesions. The present research describes a potential transmission pathway that evades the defenses provided by this membrane allowing unencumbered entry of bacteria as in association with food. This pathway may explain an important portal of entry for emergence of idiopathic infections in otherwise healthy corals and can be used to improve management practices for coral conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Norfolk
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Erin K Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Norfolk WA, Lipp EK. Use and Evaluation of a pES213-Derived Plasmid for the Constitutive Expression of gfp Protein in Pathogenic Vibrios: a Tagging Tool for In Vitro Studies. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0249022. [PMID: 36507673 PMCID: PMC9927583 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02490-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertion of green fluorescent protein (GFP) into bacterial cells for constitutive expression is a powerful tool for the localization of species of interest within complex mixtures. Here, we demonstrate and evaluate the efficacy of the pES213-derived donor plasmid pVSV102 (gfp Knr) as a conjugative tool for the tagging of Vibrio and related species (termed vibrios). Using a triparental mating assay assisted by the helper plasmid pEVS104 (tra trb Knr), we successfully tagged 12 species within the Vibrionaceae family representing 8 of the proposed clades. All transconjugant strains demonstrated bright fluorescence and were readily differentiable within complex mixtures of nontagged cells. Plasmid retention was assessed using persistence and subculture experimentation. Persistence experiments evaluated plasmid loss over time for nonsubcultured samples inoculated into antibiotic-free media and sterile artificial seawater, whereas subculture trials evaluated plasmid loss following one to four subculture passages. Strong plasmid retention (≥80%) was observed in persistence experiments for all transconjugant strains for up to 48 h in both antibiotic-free media and artificial seawater with the exception of Vibrio cholerae, which showed a substantial decline in media after 24 h. Subculturing experiments also demonstrated strong plasmid stability, with all transconjugant strains showing ≥80% retention after four subculture passages. The results of this research suggest that pVSV102 is a stable GFP plasmid for the tagging of a broad range of vibrios. IMPORTANCE Prior research has suggested that the use of Aliivibrio fischeri-derived donor plasmids with the pES213 origin of replication may provide increased plasmid stability for the tagging of vibrios compared to Escherichia coli-derived p15A plasmids. Here, we present a structured protocol for conjugation-based tagging of vibrios using the pES213-derived plasmid pVSV102 and evaluate the plasmid stability of tagged strains. These methods and the resulting transconjugant strains provide important standardized tools to facilitate experimentation requiring the use of traceable vibrio strains. Furthermore, the determination of the species-specific plasmid stability provides an estimation of the anticipated level of plasmid loss under the given set of culture conditions. This estimation can be used to reduce the occurrence of experimental biases introduced by plasmid drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Norfolk
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Lin LC, Tsai YC. Isolation and characterization of a Vibrio owensii phage phi50-12. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16390. [PMID: 36180722 PMCID: PMC9525291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio owensii is a widely distributed marine vibrio species that causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis in the larvae of Panulirus ornatus and Penaeus vannamei, and is also associated with Montipora white syndrome in corals. We characterized V. owensii GRA50-12 as a potent pathogen using phenotypic, biochemical, and zebrafish models. A virulent phage, vB_VowP_phi50-12 (phi50-12), belonging to the N4-like Podoviridae, was isolated from the same habitat as that of V. owensii GRA50-12 and characterized. This phage possesses a unique sequence with no similar hits in the public databases and has a short latent time (30 min), a large burst size (106 PFU/infected cell), and a wide range of pH and temperature stabilities. Moreover, phi50-12 also demonstrated a strong lysis ability against V. owensii GRA50-12. SDS-PAGE revealed at least nine structural proteins, four of which were confirmed using LC–MS/MS analysis. The size of the phi50-12 genome was 68,059 bp, with 38.5% G + C content. A total of 101 ORFs were annotated, with 17 ORFs having closely related counterparts in the N4-like vibrio phage. Genomic sequencing confirmed the absence of antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factors. Comparative studies have shown that phi50-12 has a unique genomic arrangement, except for the well-conserved core regions of the N4-like phages. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that it belonged to a group of smaller genomes of N4-like vibrio phages. The therapeutic effect in the zebrafish model suggests that phi50-12 could be a potential candidate for application in the treatment of V. owensii infection or as a biocontrol agent. However, further research must be carried out to confirm the efficacy of phage50-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chun Lin
- Masters Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chuan Tsai
- Masters Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
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Banchi E, Manna V, Fonti V, Fabbro C, Celussi M. Improving environmental monitoring of Vibrionaceae in coastal ecosystems through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67466-67482. [PMID: 36056283 PMCID: PMC9492620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Vibrionaceae family groups genetically and metabolically diverse bacteria thriving in all marine environments. Despite often representing a minor fraction of bacterial assemblages, members of this family can exploit a wide variety of nutritional sources, which makes them important players in biogeochemical dynamics. Furthermore, several Vibrionaceae species are well-known pathogens, posing a threat to human and animal health. Here, we applied the phylogenetic placement coupled with a consensus-based approach using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, aiming to reach a reliable and fine-level Vibrionaceae characterization and identify the dynamics of blooming, ecologically important, and potentially pathogenic species in different sites of the northern Adriatic Sea. Water samples were collected monthly at a Long-Term Ecological Research network site from 2018 to 2021, and in spring and summer of 2019 and 2020 at two sites affected by depurated sewage discharge. The 41 identified Vibrionaceae species represented generally below 1% of the sampled communities; blooms (up to ~ 11%) mainly formed by Vibrio chagasii and Vibrio owensii occurred in summer, linked to increasing temperature and particulate matter concentration. Pathogenic species such as Vibrio anguilllarum, Vibrio tapetis, and Photobacterium damselae were found in low abundance. Depuration plant samples were characterized by a lower abundance and diversity of Vibrionaceae species compared to seawater, highlighting that Vibrionaceae dynamics at sea are unlikely to be related to wastewater inputs. Our work represents a further step to improve the molecular approach based on short reads, toward a shared, updated, and curated phylogeny of the Vibrionaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Banchi
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard, 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Manna
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard, 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Viviana Fonti
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard, 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fabbro
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard, 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Celussi
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard, 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy
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Li C, Xie H, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Tian Z, Chen X, Sanganyado E, Lin J, Yang L, Li P, Liang B, Liu W. Insights on Gut and Skin Wound Microbiome in Stranded Indo-Pacific Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides). Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071295. [PMID: 35889014 PMCID: PMC9318903 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a unique marker for cetaceans’ health status, and the microbiome composition of their skin wounds can indicate a potential infection from their habitat. Our study provides the first comparative analysis of the microbial communities from gut regions and skin wounds of an individual Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides). Microbial richness increased from the foregut to the hindgut with variation in the composition of microbes. Fusobacteria (67.51% ± 5.10%), Firmicutes (22.00% ± 2.60%), and Proteobacteria (10.47% ± 5.49%) were the dominant phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, while Proteobacteria (76.11% ± 0.54%), Firmicutes (22.00% ± 2.60%), and Bacteroidetes (10.13% ± 0.49%) were the dominant phyla in the skin wounds. The genera Photobacterium, Actinobacillus, Vibrio, Erysipelothrix, Tenacibaculum, and Psychrobacter, considered potential pathogens for mammals, were identified in the gut and skin wounds of the stranded Indo-Pacific finless porpoise. A comparison of the gut microbiome in the Indo-Pacific finless porpoise and other cetaceans revealed a possible species-specific gut microbiome in the Indo-Pacific finless porpoise. There was a significant difference between the skin wound microbiomes in terrestrial and marine mammals, probably due to habitat-specific differences. Our results show potential species specificity in the microbiome structure and a potential threat posed by environmental pathogens to cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Huiying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Ziyao Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
| | - Jianqing Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.T.); (X.C.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (W.L.)
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Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Spiny Lobster: A Review. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is a group of complex and dynamic microorganisms present in the GI tract of an organism that live in symbiosis with the host and benefit the host with various biological functions. The communities of GI microbiota are formed by various aerobic, anaerobic, and facultatively anaerobic bacteria in aquatic species. In spiny lobsters, common GI microorganisms found in the GI tract are Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Flavobacterium, where the structure and abundance of these microbes are varied depending on the environment. GI microbiotas hold an important role and significantly affect the overall condition of spiny lobsters, such as secreting digestive enzymes (lipase, protease, and cellulase), helping in digesting food intake, providing nutrition and synthesising vitamins needed by the host system, and protecting the host against infection from pathogens and diseases by activating an immune mechanism in the GI tract. The microorganisms in the water column, sediment, and diet are primarily responsible for altering, manipulating, and shaping GI microbial structures and communities. This review also highlights the possibilities of isolating the indigenous GI microbiota as a potential probiotic strain and introducing it to spiny lobster juveniles and larvae for better health management.
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Rehman S, Gora A, Kizhakudan J, Ilamparuthi S, Anbarasu M, Sanil NK, Laxmilatha P. Identification, characterization and infection dynamics of Vibrio strains in phyllosoma of Thenus unimaculatus. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rehman
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Madras Research Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Adnan Gora
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Madras Research Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Joe Kizhakudan
- Mariculture Division, Madras Research Centre of ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Santoshi Ilamparuthi
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Madras Research Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Mahalingam Anbarasu
- Mariculture Division, Madras Research Centre of ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - N. K. Sanil
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
| | - Pappurajam Laxmilatha
- Molluscan Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India
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Abd Wahid ME, Mohamad M, Mohamed NN, Afiqah-Aleng N. Vibriosis in green mussels. AQUACULTURE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022:515-529. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95434-1.00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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de Souza Valente C, Wan AHL. Vibrio and major commercially important vibriosis diseases in decapod crustaceans. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 181:107527. [PMID: 33406397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria fromthe Vibriogenus are autochthonous to aquatic environments and ubiquitous in aquaculture production systems. Many Vibrio species are non-pathogenic and can be commonly found in healthy farmed aquatic animals. However, some Vibrio species and strains are pathogenic leading to a variety of 'vibriosis' diseases. These diseases can have a significant negative impact on animal production, including farmed crustaceans such as shrimps, lobsters, and crabs. As such, vibriosis can pose a threat to meeting growing food demand and global food security. Preventive management is essential to avoid the onset of vibriosis. This includes a robust health management plan, the use of prophylaxis and treatment measures, and enhancing animal health through nutrition. Furthermore, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, quorum sensing disruption, green water, biofloc, bacteriophages, and immune priming could also play a role in preventing and controlling a vibriosis outbreak. This review aims to inform and update the reader about the current state of knowledge about Vibrio and associated vibriosis in farmed crustaceans (i.e. shrimp, lobster, and crabs). Furthermore, the review will identify potential knowledge gaps in the literature, which serves as a basis for future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília de Souza Valente
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit, Room 204, Annex Building, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City H91 TK33, Ireland; Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway H91 V8Y1, Ireland.
| | - Alex H L Wan
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit, Room 204, Annex Building, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City H91 TK33, Ireland; Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway H91 V8Y1, Ireland
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10
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Ooi MC, Goulden EF, Trotter AJ, Smith GG, Bridle AR. Aquimarina sp. Associated With a Cuticular Disease of Cultured Larval Palinurid and Scyllarid Lobsters. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:573588. [PMID: 33162955 PMCID: PMC7581904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shell (cuticular) disease manifests in various forms and affects many crustaceans, including lobsters. Outbreaks of white leg disease (WLD) with distinct signs of pereiopod tissue whitening and death have been observed in cultured larvae (phyllosomas) of ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus, eastern rock lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi, and slipper lobster Thenus australiensis. This study aimed to characterise and identify the causative agent of WLD through morphological and molecular (16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequencing) analysis, experimental infection of damaged/undamaged P. ornatus and T. australiensis phyllosomas, and bacterial community analysis (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) of P. ornatus phyllosomas presenting with WLD during an outbreak. Bacterial communities of WLD-affected pereiopods showed low bacterial diversity and dominant abundance of Aquimarina spp. compared to healthy pereiopods, which were more diverse and enriched with Sulfitobacter spp. 16S rRNA gene Sanger sequencing of cultures from disease outbreaks identified the dominant bacterial isolate (TRL1) as a Gram-negative, long non-flagellated rod with 100% sequence identity to Aquimarina hainanensis. Aquimarina sp. TRL1 was demonstrated through comparative genome analysis (99.99% OrthoANIu) as the bacterium reisolated from experimentally infected phyllosomas presenting with typical signs of WLD. Pereiopod damage was a major predisposing factor to WLD. Histopathological examination of WLD-affected pereiopods showed masses of internalised bacteria and loss of structural integrity, suggesting that Aquimarina sp. TRL1 could enter the circulatory system and cause death by septicaemia. Aquimarina sp. TRL1 appears to have important genomic traits (e.g., tissue-degrading enzymes, gliding motility, and aggregate-promoting factors) implicated in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. We have shown that Aquimarina sp. TRL1 is the aetiological agent of WLD in cultured Palinurid and Scyllarid phyllosomas and that damaged pereiopods are a predisposing factor to WLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei C Ooi
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Evan F Goulden
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bribie Island Research Centre, Woorim, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J Trotter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Gregory G Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew R Bridle
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Holt CC, van der Giezen M, Daniels CL, Stentiford GD, Bass D. Spatial and temporal axes impact ecology of the gut microbiome in juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus). THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:531-543. [PMID: 31676854 PMCID: PMC6976562 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities within the gut can markedly impact host health and fitness. To what extent environmental influences affect the differential distribution of these microbial populations may therefore significantly impact the successful farming of the host. Using a sea-based container culture (SBCC) system for the on-growing of European lobster (Homarus gammarus), we tracked the bacterial gut microbiota over a 1-year period. We compared these communities with lobsters of the same cohort, retained in a land-based culture (LBC) system to assess the effects of the culture environment on gut bacterial assemblage and describe the phylogenetic structure of the microbiota to compare deterministic and stochastic assembly across both environments. Bacterial gut communities from SBCCs were generally more phylogenetically clustered, and therefore deterministically assembled, compared to those reared in land-based systems. Lobsters in SBCCs displayed significantly more species-rich and species-diverse gut microbiota compared to those retained in LBC. A reduction in the bacterial diversity of the gut was also associated with higher infection prevalence of the enteric viral pathogen Homarus gammarus nudivirus (HgNV). SBCCs may therefore benefit the overall health of the host by promoting the assembly of a more diverse gut bacterial community and reducing the susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey C Holt
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.
- The National Lobster Hatchery, South Quay, Padstow, UK.
- The Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
- The Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, 4021, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
- The Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
- The Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, Kensington, London, UK.
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12
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Damjanovic K, van Oppen MJH, Menéndez P, Blackall LL. Experimental Inoculation of Coral Recruits With Marine Bacteria Indicates Scope for Microbiome Manipulation in Acropora tenuis and Platygyra daedalea. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1702. [PMID: 31396197 PMCID: PMC6668565 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral-associated microorganisms are essential for maintaining the health of the coral holobiont by participating in nutrient cycling and protecting the coral host from pathogens. Under stressful conditions, disruption of the coral prokaryotic microbiome is linked to increased susceptibility to diseases and mortality. Inoculation of corals with beneficial microbes could confer enhanced stress tolerance to the host and may be a powerful tool to help corals thrive under challenging environmental conditions. Here, we explored the feasibility of coral early life stage microbiome manipulation by repeatedly inoculating coral recruits with a bacterial cocktail generated in the laboratory. Co-culturing the two species Acropora tenuis and Platygyra daedalea allowed us to simultaneously investigate the effect of host factors on the coral microbiome. Inoculation cocktails were regularly prepared from freshly grown pure bacterial cultures, which were hence assumed viable, and characterized via the optical density measurement of each individual strain put in suspension. Coral early recruits were inoculated seven times over 3 weeks and sampled once 36 h following the last inoculation event. At this time point, the cumulative inoculations with the bacterial cocktails had a strong effect on the bacterial community composition in recruits of both coral species. While the location of bacterial cells within the coral hosts was not assessed, metabarcoding using the 16S rRNA gene revealed that two and six of the seven bacterial strains administered through the cocktails were significantly enriched in inoculated recruits of A. tenuis and P. daedalea, respectively, compared to control recruits. Despite being reared in the same environment, A. tenuis and P. daedalea established significantly different bacterial communities, both in terms of taxonomic composition and diversity measurements. These findings indicate that coral host factors as well as the environmental bacterial pool play a role in shaping coral-associated bacterial community composition. Host factors may include microbe transmission mode (horizontal versus maternal) and host specificity. While the long-term stability of taxa included in the bacterial inocula as members of the host-associated microbiome remains to be evaluated, our results provide support for the feasibility of coral microbiome manipulation, at least in a laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Damjanovic
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Patricia Menéndez
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Linda L Blackall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Torres M, Reina JC, Fuentes-Monteverde JC, Fernández G, Rodríguez J, Jiménez C, Llamas I. AHL-lactonase expression in three marine emerging pathogenic Vibrio spp. reduces virulence and mortality in brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195176. [PMID: 29664914 PMCID: PMC5903640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infectious diseases produced by Vibrio are the main cause of economic losses in aquaculture. During recent years it has been shown that the expression of virulence genes in some Vibrio species is controlled by a population-density dependent gene-expression mechanism known as quorum sensing (QS), which is mediated by the diffusion of signal molecules such as N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). QS disruption, especially the enzymatic degradation of signalling molecules, known as quorum quenching (QQ), is one of the novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bacterial infections. In this study, we present the detection of AHLs in 34 marine Vibrionaceae strains. Three aquaculture-related pathogenic Vibrio strains, V. mediterranei VibC-Oc-097, V. owensii VibC-Oc-106 and V. coralliilyticus VibC-Oc-193 were selected for further studies based on their virulence and high production of AHLs. This is the first report where the signal molecules have been characterized in these emerging marine pathogens and correlated to the expression of virulence factors. Moreover, the results of AHL inactivation in the three selected strains have been confirmed in vivo against brine shrimps (Artemia salina) and Manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum). This research contributes to the development of future therapies based on AHL disruption, the most promising alternatives for fighting infectious diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Torres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Carlos Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Fuentes-Monteverde
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gerardo Fernández
- Research Support Service (SAI), Central Services (ESCI) University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Llamas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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14
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Kalatzis PG, Bastías R, Kokkari C, Katharios P. Isolation and Characterization of Two Lytic Bacteriophages, φSt2 and φGrn1; Phage Therapy Application for Biological Control of Vibrio alginolyticus in Aquaculture Live Feeds. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151101. [PMID: 26950336 PMCID: PMC4780772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a serious problem in aquaculture since they can result in massive mortalities in farmed fish and invertebrates. Vibriosis is one of the most common diseases in marine aquaculture hatcheries and its causative agents are bacteria of the genus Vibrio mostly entering larval rearing water through live feeds, such as Artemia and rotifers. The pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus strain V1, isolated during a vibriosis outbreak in cultured seabream, Sparus aurata, was used as host to isolate and characterize the two novel bacteriophages φSt2 and φGrn1 for phage therapy application. In vitro cell lysis experiments were performed against the bacterial host V. alginolyticus strain V1 but also against 12 presumptive Vibrio strains originating from live prey Artemia salina cultures indicating the strong lytic efficacy of the 2 phages. In vivo administration of the phage cocktail, φSt2 and φGrn1, at MOI = 100 directly on live prey A. salina cultures, led to a 93% decrease of presumptive Vibrio population after 4 h of treatment. Current study suggests that administration of φSt2 and φGrn1 to live preys could selectively reduce Vibrio load in fish hatcheries. Innovative and environmental friendly solutions against bacterial diseases are more than necessary and phage therapy is one of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos G. Kalatzis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Former American Base of Gournes, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Roberto Bastías
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Former American Base of Gournes, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Constantina Kokkari
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Former American Base of Gournes, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Former American Base of Gournes, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece
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15
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Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio owensii GRA50-12, Isolated from Green Algae in the Intertidal Zone of Eastern Taiwan. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/1/e01438-14. [PMID: 25593265 PMCID: PMC4299907 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01438-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio owensii GRA50-12 was isolated from symbiotic green algae of coral. The genome contains genes encoding toxin production, virulence regulation, stress response proteins, types II, IV, and VI secretion systems, and proteins for the metabolism of aromatic compounds, which reflects its pathogenic potential and its ecological roles in the ocean.
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16
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Tang KFJ, Lightner DV. Homologues of insecticidal toxin complex genes within a genomic island in the marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 361:34-42. [PMID: 25272969 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Three insecticidal toxin complex (tc)-like genes were identified in Vibrio parahaemolyticus 13-028/A3, which can cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in penaeid shrimp. The three genes are a tcdA-like gene (7710 bp), predicted to code for a 284-kDa protein; a tcdB-like gene (4272 bp), predicted to code for a 158-kDa protein; and a tccC3-like gene (2916 bp), predicted to encode a 107-kDa protein. All three predicted proteins contain conserved domains that are characteristic of their respective Tc proteins. By RT-PCR, all three tc-like genes were found to be expressed in this bacterium. Through genome walking and the use of PCR to join contigs surrounding these three genes, a genomic island (87 712 bp, named tc-GIvp) was found on chromosome II localized next to the tRNA Gly. The GC content of this island, which is not found in other Vibrio species, is 40%. The tc-GIvp is characterized to have 60 ORFs encoding regulatory or virulence factors. These include a type 6 secretion protein VgrG, EAL domain-containing proteins, fimbriae subunits and assembly proteins, invasin-like proteins, peptidoglycan-binding proteins, and Tc proteins. The tc-GIvp also contains 21 transposase genes, suggesting that it was acquired through horizontal transfer from other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy F J Tang
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Donald V Lightner
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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17
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Nguyen VD, Pham TT, Nguyen THT, Nguyen TTX, Hoj L. Screening of marine bacteria with bacteriocin-like activities and probiotic potential for ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) juveniles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:49-60. [PMID: 24969424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, which have been found in diverse bacterial species of terrestrial origins and some from the sea. New bacteriocins with new characteristics, new origins and new applications are likely still awaiting discovery. The present study screened bacteria isolated from marine animals of interest to the aquaculture industry for antimicrobial and bacteriocin-like activities in order to uncover biodiversity of bacteriocin producers, and explore the potential application in aquaculture. In total, 24 of 100 screened isolates showed antimicrobial activities and 7 of these exerted bacteriocin-like activities. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes identified the isolates as members of the six genera Proteus, Providencia, Klebsiella, Alcaligenes, Bacillus and Enterococcus. In some cases, further analysis of housekeeping genes, rpoB for Proteus and recA for Klebsiella, as well as biochemical tests was necessary for identification to species level, and some of the Proteus isolates may represent novel species. The seven bacteriocinogenic isolates showed a wide antimicrobial spectrum against foodborne and animal pathogens, which opens the way to their potential use as marine drugs and probiotics in food, aquaculture, livestock and clinical settings. As a case study, the protective effect of shortlisted bacteriocinogenic isolates were tested in aquaculture-raised spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) juveniles. A single-strain (Bacillus pumilus B3.10.2B) and a three-strain (B. pumilus B3.10.2B, Bacillus cereus D9, Lactobacillus plantarum T13) probiotic preparation were added to the feed of Panulirus ornatus juveniles, which were subsequently challenged with the pathogen Vibrio owensii DY05. Juveniles in the probiotic treatments displayed increased growth and reduced feed conversion rates after 60 days, and increased survival rate after pathogen challenge relative to the control. This study represents the first evidence of bacteriocin production by bacteria associated with lobster, tiger shrimp, snubnose pompano and cobia and the first description of V. owensii as a pathogen in P. ornatus juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Duy Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam.
| | - Thu Thuy Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hai Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thanh Xuan Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Lone Hoj
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Yu YP, Gong T, Jost G, Liu WH, Ye DZ, Luo ZH. Isolation and characterization of five lytic bacteriophages infecting aVibriostrain closely related toVibrio owensii. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 348:112-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen China
- Marine Biology Institute; Shantou University; Shantou China
| | - Ting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen China
| | - Günter Jost
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde; Rostock Germany
| | - Wen-Hua Liu
- Marine Biology Institute; Shantou University; Shantou China
| | - De-Zan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen China
| | - Zhu-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography; State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen China
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19
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Goulden EF, Hall MR, Pereg LL, Baillie BK, Høj L. Probiont niche specialization contributes to additive protection against Vibrio owensii in spiny lobster larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 5:39-48. [PMID: 23757129 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient probiotic application protocols for use in marine larviculture relies on comprehensive understanding of pathogen-probiont-host interactions. The probiont combination of Pseudoalteromonas sp. PP107 and Vibrio sp. PP05 provides additive protection against vectored Vibrio owensii DY05 infection in larvae (phyllosomas) of ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus. Here, fluorescently tagged strains were used to demonstrate niche specialization of these probionts in both the live feed vector organism Artemia and in phyllosomas. The pathogen was vulnerable to direct interaction with PP05 in the bacterioplankton as well as in the Artemia gut and the phyllosoma foregut and midgut gland. In contrast, PP107 was localized on external surfaces of Artemia and phyllosomas, and direct interaction with the pathogen was limited to the bacterioplankton. While PP107 was the overall dominant ectobiont on the phyllosoma cephalothorax and inner leg segments, PP05 was the primary colonizer of outer leg segments, nutrient-rich locales that may promote ingestion during feeding. This study shows that niche specialization can contribute to the additive probiotic effect of a probiotic mixture and highlights that probiotic enrichment of Artemia cultures can intercept the infection cycle of V. owensii DY05 in early-stage P. ornatus phyllosomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan F Goulden
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
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20
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Goulden EF, Hall MR, Pereg LL, Høj L. Identification of an antagonistic probiotic combination protecting ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) larvae against Vibrio owensii infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39667. [PMID: 22792184 PMCID: PMC3390342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio owensii DY05 is a serious pathogen causing epizootics in the larviculture of ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus. In the present study a multi-tiered probiotic screening strategy was used to identify a probiotic combination capable of protecting P. ornatus larvae (phyllosomas) from experimental V. owensii DY05 infection. From a pool of more than 500 marine bacterial isolates, 91 showed definitive in vitro antagonistic activity towards the pathogen. Antagonistic candidates were shortlisted based on phylogeny, strength of antagonistic activity, and isolate origin. Miniaturized assays used a green fluorescent protein labelled transconjugant of V. owensii DY05 to assess pathogen growth and biofilm formation in the presence of shortlisted candidates. This approach enabled rapid processing and selection of candidates to be tested in a phyllosoma infection model. When used in combination, strains Vibrio sp. PP05 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. PP107 significantly and reproducibly protected P. ornatus phyllosomas during vectored challenge with V. owensii DY05, with survival not differing significantly from unchallenged controls. The present study has shown the value of multispecies probiotic treatment and demonstrated that natural microbial communities associated with wild phyllosomas and zooplankton prey support antagonistic bacteria capable of in vivo suppression of a pathogen causing epizootics in phyllosoma culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan F. Goulden
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Research Centre for Molecular Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael R. Hall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lily L. Pereg
- Research Centre for Molecular Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lone Høj
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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