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Improved viability of Lactobacillus plantarum embedded in whey protein concentrate/pullulan/trehalose hydrogel during freeze drying. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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2
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Wang G, Yu X, Lu Z, Yang Y, Xia Y, Lai PFH, Ai L. Optimal combination of multiple cryoprotectants and freezing-thawing conditions for high lactobacilli survival rate during freezing and frozen storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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3
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Aroutcheva A, Auclair J, Frappier M, Millette M, Lolans K, de Montigny D, Carrière S, Sokalski S, Trick WE, Weinstein RA. Importance of Molecular Methods to Determine Whether a Probiotic is the Source of Lactobacillus Bacteremia. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 8:31-40. [PMID: 26915093 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in the use of probiotic products for the prevention of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Bio-K+(®) is a commercial probiotic product comprising three strains of lactobacilli--Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285(®), Lact. casei LBC80R(®) and Lact. rhamnosus CLR2(®)--that have been applied to prevent CDI. Generally considered as safe, lactobacilli have potential to cause bacteremia, endocarditis and other infections. The source of Lactobacillus bacteremia can be normal human flora or lactobacilli-containing probiotic. The aim of this study was to assess whether probiotic lactobacilli caused bacteremia and to show the value of molecular identification and typing techniques to determine probiotic and patient strain relatedness. We report an episode of Lactobacillus bacteremia in a 69-year-old man admitted to a hospital with severe congestive heart failure. During his hospitalization, he required long-term antibiotic therapy. Additionally, the patient received Bio-K+(®) probiotic as part of a quality improvement project to prevent CDI. Subsequently, Lactobacillus bacteremia occurred. Two independent blinded laboratory evaluations, using pulse field gel electrophoresis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA fingerprint analysis (rep-PCR), were performed to determine whether the recovered Lact. acidophilus originated from the probiotic product. Ultimately, the patient strain was identified as Lact. casei and both laboratories found no genetic relation between the patient's strain and any of the probiotic lactobacilli. This clinical case of lactobacillus bacteremia in the setting of probiotic exposure demonstrates the value of using discriminatory molecular methods to clearly determine whether there were a link between the patient's isolate and the probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Aroutcheva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, 1901 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Julie Auclair
- Bio-K+ Pharma, 495 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, QC, H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Martin Frappier
- Bio-K+ Pharma, 495 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, QC, H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Mathieu Millette
- Bio-K+ Pharma, 495 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, QC, H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Karen Lolans
- Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Serge Carrière
- Bio-K+ Pharma, 495 Armand-Frappier Boulevard, Laval, QC, H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Stephen Sokalski
- Advocate Christ Medical Center, 4440 W 95th St, Oak Lawn, IL, 60453, USA
| | - William E Trick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, 1901 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Robert A Weinstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, 1901 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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4
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Španová A, Dráb V, Turková K, Špano M, Burdychová R, Šedo O, Šrůtková D, Rada V, Rittich B. Selection of potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains of human origin for use in dairy industry. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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5
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Jung SE, Kim SH. Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Commercial Raw Makgeolli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2015.47.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Tareb R, Bernardeau M, Horvath P, Vernoux JP. Rough and smooth morphotypes isolated from Lactobacillus farciminis CNCM I-3699 are two closely-related variants. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 193:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Wu HJ, Sun LB, Li CB, Li ZZ, Zhang Z, Wen XB, Hu Z, Zhang YL, Li SK. Enhancement of the immune response and protection against Vibrio parahaemolyticus by indigenous probiotic Bacillus strains in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:156-162. [PMID: 25193866 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, bacterial communities of the intestine in three populations of crabs (wild crabs, pond-raised healthy crabs and diseased crabs) were probed by culture-independent methods. In this study, we examined the intestinal communities of the crabs by bacterial cultivation with a variety of media. A total of 135 bacterial strains were isolated from three populations of mud crabs. The strains were screened for antagonistic activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus using an agar spot assay. Antagonistic strains were then identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Three strains (Bacillus subtilis DCU, Bacillus pumilus BP, Bacillus cereus HL7) with the strongest antagonistic activity were further evaluated for their probiotic characteristics. The results showed that two (BP and DCU) of them were able to survive low pH and high bile concentrations, showed good adherence characteristics and a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance. The probiotic effects were then tested by feeding juvenile mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) with foods supplemented with 10(5) CFU/g of BP or DCU for 30 days before being subjected to an immersion challenge with V. parahaemolyticus for 48 h. The treated crabs showed significantly higher expression levels of immune related genes (CAT, proPO and SOD) and activities of respiratory burst than that in controlled groups. Crabs treated with BP and DCU supplemented diets exhibited survival rates of 76.67% and 78.33%, respectively, whereas survival rate was 54.88% in crabs not treated with the probiotics. The data showed that indigenous mud-associated microbiota, such as DCU and BP, have potential application in controlling pathogenic Vibriosis in mud crab aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ling-Bin Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Chuan-Biao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yue-Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Sheng-Kang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Takanashi S, Miura A, Abe K, Uchida J, Itoi S, Sugita H. Variations in bile tolerance among Lactococcus lactis strains derived from different sources. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014; 59:289-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Ortakci F, Sert S. Stability of free and encapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 in yogurt and in an artificial human gastric digestion system. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6918-25. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Characterization of Intestinal Lactobacillus reuteri Strains as Potential Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2012; 4:47-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-012-9090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Kim KM, Jung TS, Ok S, Ko CY, Kang JS. In vitro characterization study of Bacillus mojavensis KJS-3 for a potential probiotic. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Pérez-Sánchez T, Balcázar JL, García Y, Halaihel N, Vendrell D, de Blas I, Merrifield DL, Ruiz-Zarzuela I. Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with inhibitory activity against Lactococcus garvieae. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2011; 34:499-507. [PMID: 21535012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic properties of endogenous rainbow trout microbiota against pathogenic Lactococcus garvieae. A total of 335 bacterial strains were isolated from rainbow trout and screened for antagonistic activity against L. garvieae using an agar spot assay. Antagonistic strains were grouped by PCR amplification of repetitive bacterial DNA elements (rep-PCR) and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results revealed that the antagonistic strains belonged to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc. Further probiotic characteristics, such as specific growth rate, doubling time, resistance to biological barriers, antibiotic resistance, hydrophobicity and production of antimicrobial substances, were also studied. These strains were able to survive low pH and high bile concentrations, showed good adherence characteristics and a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance. The antagonistic efficacy was maintained after sterile filtration and was sensitive to proteinase K, indicating that proteinaceous extracellular inhibitory compounds were at least partially responsible for pathogen antagonism. Based on these results, these strains should be further studied to explore their probiotic effects in challenge experiments in vivo. This study shows clear evidence that the indigenous trout-associated microbiota may provide a defensive barrier against L. garvieae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Duary RK, Batish VK, Grover S. Relative gene expression of bile salt hydrolase and surface proteins in two putative indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum strains under in vitro gut conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2541-52. [PMID: 21674190 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria must overcome the toxicity of bile salts secreted in the gut and adhere to the epithelial cells to enable their better colonization with extended transit time. Expression of bile salt hydrolase and other proteins on the surface of probiotic bacteria can help in better survivability and optimal functionality in the gut. Two putative Lactobacillus plantarum isolates i.e., Lp9 and Lp91 along with standard strain CSCC5276 were used. A battery of six housekeeping genes viz. gapB, dnaG, gyrA, ldhD, rpoD and 16S rRNA were evaluated by using geNorm 3.4 excel based application for normalizing the expression of bile salt hydrolase (bsh), mucus-binding protein (mub), mucus adhesion promoting protein (mapA), and elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu) in Lp9 and Lp91. The maximal level of relative bsh gene expression was recorded in Lp91 with 2.89 ± 0.14, 4.57 ± 0.37 and 6.38 ± 0.19 fold increase at 2% bile salt concentration after 1, 2 and 3 h, respectively. Similarly, mub and mapA genes were maximally expressed in Lp9 at the level of 20.07 ± 1.28 and 30.92 ± 1.51 fold, when MRS was supplemented with 0.05% mucin and 1% each of bile and pancreatin (pH 6.5). However, in case of EF-Tu, the maximal expression of 42.84 ± 5.64 fold was recorded in Lp91 in the presence of mucin alone (0.05%). Hence, the expression of bsh, mub, mapA and EF-Tu could be considered as prospective biomarkers for screening of novel probiotic lactobacillus strains for optimal functionality in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Duary
- Department of Food Processing and Technology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam 784028, India
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Choi SM, Park MH, Jung TS, Moon KH, Kim KM, Kang JS. Characterization of Bacillus mojavensis KJS-3 for industrial applications. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:289-98. [PMID: 21380813 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the strains of the Bacillus mojavensis group, Bacillus mojavensis KJS-3 (B. mojavensis KJS-3), which has been demonstrated to play a role in protecting plants against diseases as a bacterial endophyte and in reducing the accumulation of mycotoxins generated by an endophytic fungus, was recently discovered in food waste. In this study, the identification and characterization of B. mojavensis KJS-3 was performed via TEM analysis, API-zym test, API 50 CHB test, assays of catalase and oxidase activity, lactic acid production, stability under various conditions, antibiotic susceptibility, and cellular fatty acid composition. The overall results of this study demonstrate that B. mojavensis KJS-3 may have great potential as a probiotic product, as this bacterium is quite stable in somewhat harsh environments. B. mojavensis KJS-3 was positive on oxidase and catalase tests, and the conversion rate of glucose to lactic acid was 58.9%. Finally, anteiso-C(15:0) (43.10%) was identified as the major fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Choi
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
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15
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Trucco V, Reinheimer J, Quiberoni A, Suárez V. Adsorption of temperate phages ofLactobacillus delbrueckiistrains and phage resistance linked to their cell diversity. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:935-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Abghari A, Sheikh-Zeinoddin M, Soleimanian-Zad S. Nonfermented ice cream as a carrier for Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Factors for bile tolerance in Lactococcus lactis: analysis by using plasmid variants. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2009; 54:395-400. [PMID: 19937211 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The factors of bile tolerance (as one among the fundamental characteristics of probiotic bacteria) were determined in lactococci by using plasmid variants. Bile tolerance of Lactococcus lactis wild-type (WT) strains 527 and N7 (determined by viability counts on bile-containing agar) was equivalent to the corresponding plasmid-free derivatives. In contrast, L. lactis WT strain DRC1 had lower bile tolerance than its plasmid-free derivative DRC1021. Plasmid pDR1-1B, extracted from strain DRC1, was introduced into strain DRC1021 by co-transformation with the vector plasmid pGKV21 as an indicator. Strain DRC121 (DRC1021 harboring pGKV21) had good bile tolerance as did strain DRC1021, while strain DRC13 (DRC1021 harboring both pDR1-1B and pGKV21) did not. Fatty acid (FA) composition was different between strains DRC121 and DRC13. The plasmid pDR1-1B or plasmid profile and FA composition are key factors for bile tolerance of strain DRC1, and therefore changing the plasmid profile might be a way of modulating bile tolerance in lactococci.
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Survival and residual activity ofLactobacillus acidophilusfrozen cultures under different conditions. J DAIRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900031782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryEight strains of theLactobacillus acidophiluscomplex were subjected, as concentrated cultures in skim milk, to different freezing treatments (rapidly in liquid nitrogen and more slowly in cold air at −30 °C), then stored at −80 and −30°C for 9 months. Survival was determined by plate counting with and without bile salts or sodium chloride at the highest tolerated concentration for each strain, to distinguish the undamaged population from the total population. Fermentative activity was measured as total lactic acid production by thawed cultures under standard conditions. Higher survival rates and greater activity were always obtained by storing cultures at −80 °C, but most strains stored at −30°C also survived well. Analysis of variance revealed that the viability of the frozen cultures was affected more by storage temperature than by cooling rate. Selective media were unable to distinguish the active population from the total surviving population. The correlation between values for activity and survival with selective media was poor.
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Iqbal MF, Zhu WY. Bioactivation of flavonoid diglycosides by chicken cecal bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 295:30-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Kimoto-Nira H, Kobayashi M, Nomura M, Sasaki K, Suzuki C. Bile resistance in Lactococcus lactis strains varies with cellular fatty acid composition: Analysis by using different growth media. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 131:183-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Iqbal MF, Zhu WY. Characterization of newly isolatedLactobacillus delbrueckii-like strain MF-07 isolated from chicken and its role in isoflavone biotransformation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 291:180-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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22
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Suárez VB, Maciel N, Guglielmotti D, Zago M, Giraffa G, Reinheimer J. Phage-resistance linked to cell heterogeneity in the commercial strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis Ab1. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 128:401-5. [PMID: 18976830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the relationship between the cell morphological heterogeneity and the phage-resistance in the commercial strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis Ab1. Two morphological variants (named C and T) were isolated from this strain. Phage-resistant derivatives were isolated from them and the percentage of occurrence of confirmed phage-resistant cells was 0.001% of the total cellular population. Within these phage-resistant cell derivatives there were T (3 out of 4 total isolates) and C (1 out of 4 total isolates) variants. The study of some technological properties (e.g. proteolytic and acidifying activities) demonstrated that most of phage-resistant derivatives were not as good as the parental strain. However, for one derivative (a T variant), the technological properties were better than those of the parental strain. On the other hand, it was possible to determinate that the system of phage-resistance in the T variants was interference in adsorption step, with adsorption rates <15%. For the C variant derivative it was possible to demonstrate the presence of a restriction/modification system and, moreover, to determinate that this system could be Type I R/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana B Suárez
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral - CONICET), Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Yu ZT, Yao W, Zhu WY. Isolation and identification of equol-producing bacterial strains from cultures of pig faeces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 282:73-80. [PMID: 18328079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation of daidzein to equol was compared during fermentation of three growth media inoculated with faeces from Erhualian piglets, but equol was produced from only one medium, M1. Two equol-producing strains (D1 and D2) were subsequently isolated using medium M1. Both strains were identified as Eubacterium sp., on the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains D1 and D2 were most closely related to previously characterized daidzein-metabolizing bacteria isolated from human faecal and rumen samples, respectively. This suggests that the ability to metabolize daidzein can be found among bacteria present within the mammalian intestine. The results provided the first account of conversion of daidzein directly to equol by bacterial species from farm animals. These strains may be of importance to the improvement of animal performance, and the use of medium M1 could provide a simple way to isolate bacterial strains capable of transforming daidzein into equol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Teng Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Succi M, Tremonte P, Reale A, Sorrentino E, Coppola R. Preservation by freezing of potentially probiotic strains ofLactobacillus rhamnosus. ANN MICROBIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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25
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Ambadoyiannis G, Hatzikamari M, Litopoulou-Tzanetaki E, Tzanetakis N. Probiotic and Technological Properties of Enterococci Isolates from Infants and Cheese. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/fbt-200035024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Kimoto H, Nomura M, Kobayashi M, Mizumachi K, Okamoto T. Survival of lactococci during passage through mouse digestive tract. Can J Microbiol 2004; 49:707-11. [PMID: 14735220 DOI: 10.1139/w03-092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the important properties of probiotics is the ability to survive in the intestine. There have been few studies on the probiotic property of lactococci, since they are formally not considered to be natural inhabitants of the intestine. To evaluate lactococci as probiotic bacteria, we investigated their ability to survive during gastric transit by in vitro and in vivo tests. When exposed to an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal environment, such as low pH and bile, only Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis N7 showed a moderate survival rate among the four strains tested. The tested strains were orally administered to mice, and intestinal passage of the ingested strains was monitored by two methods: antibiotics and PCR. Viable cells of strain N7 were recovered from feces within 24-48 h after administration but not at 72 h. Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 19257, which had a poor survival rate in vitro test, was also detected at 12 h but not at 24 h. These results indicate that lactococci can reach the mouse intestine alive, but not colonize it. If administered daily, viable strain N7 may exist continuously in the intestine. The effect of strain N7 on intestinal microbial balance and on animal health will be the subject of a further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kimoto
- Department of Animal Products, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba Norin-danchi, Ibaraki, Japan.
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27
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Song SH, Cho YH, Park J. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 using a Microporous Glass Membrane Emulsification System. J Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Growth Medium for Culturing Probiotic Bacteria for Applications in Vegetarian Food Products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/fstl.2001.0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Fonseca F, Béal C, Corrieu G. Operating conditions that affect the resistance of lactic acid bacteria to freezing and frozen storage. Cryobiology 2001; 43:189-98. [PMID: 11888213 DOI: 10.1006/cryo.2001.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermophilic lactic acid bacteria exhibit different survival rates during freezing and frozen storage, depending on the processing conditions. We used a Plackett and Burman experimental design to study the effects of 13 experimental factors, at two levels, on the resistance of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus to freezing and frozen storage. The resistance was evaluated by quantifying the decrease of acidification activity during freezing and throughout 8 weeks of storage. Acidification activity after freezing and frozen storage was affected by 12 experimental factors. Only the thawing temperature did not show any significant effect. S. thermophilus was more resistant than L. bulgaricus and the cryoprotective effect of glycerol during freezing and storage was confirmed. The temperature and duration of the cryoprotection step influenced acidification activity following the freezing step: the lower the temperature and the shorter the duration, the higher the activity. Acidification activity after storage was affected by several experimental factors involved in the fermentation stage: use of NaOH instead of NH4OH for pH control, addition of Tween 80 in the culture medium, and faster cooling led to better cryotolerance. Resistance to freezing and frozen storage was improved by using a high freezing rate and a low storage temperature. Finally, this study revealed that the conditions under which lactic acid bacteria are prepared should be well controlled to improve their preservation and to limit the variability between batches and between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fonseca
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR Génie et Microbiologie des Procédé Alimentaries, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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30
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Sanders ME, Klaenhammer TR. Invited review: the scientific basis of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM functionality as a probiotic. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84:319-31. [PMID: 11233016 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a probiotic strain available in conventional foods (milk, yogurt, and toddler formula) and dietary supplements. Its commercial availability in the United States since the mid-1970s is predicated on its safety, its amenability to commercial manipulation, and its biochemical and physiological attributes presumed to be important to human probiotic functionality. The strain has been characterized in vitro, in animal studies, and in humans. NCFM is the progenitor of the strain being used for complete chromosome sequencing and therefore will be a cornerstone strain for understanding the relationship between genetics and probiotic functionality. Both phenotypic and genotypic techniques have verified its taxonomic status as a type A1 L. acidophilus strain. It adheres to Caco-2 and mucus-secreting HT-29 cell culture systems, produces antimicrobial compounds, and is amenable to genetic manipulation and directed DNA introduction. NCFM survives gastrointestinal tract transit in both healthy and diseased populations. NCFM inhibits aberrant crypt formation in mutagenized rats, indicative of activity that could decrease the risk of colon cancer. A blend of probiotic strains containing NCFM decreased the incidence of pediatric diarrhea. NCFM led to a significant decrease in levels of toxic amines in the blood of dialysis patients with small bowel bacterial overgrowth. At adequate daily feeding levels, NCFM may facilitate lactose digestion in lactose-intolerant subjects. Further validation of the probiotic properties of NCFM in humans and clarification of its mechanisms of probiotic action are needed to better understand the role this strain might play in promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Sanders
- Dairy and Food Culture Technologies, Littleton, CO 80122-2526, USA.
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31
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Kimoto H, Kurisaki J, Tsuji NM, Ohmomo S, Okamoto T. Lactococci as probiotic strains: adhesion to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and tolerance to low pH and bile. Lett Appl Microbiol 1999; 29:313-6. [PMID: 10664972 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There have been few studies on the probiotic activity of Lactococcus strains although they are commonly used as starter bacteria in manufacturing many kinds of fermented dairy products. Nine strains of the genus Lactococcus were examined for their probiotic properties, such as adherence to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and tolerance to acid and bile. Six strains were adhesive and the highest adhesion was observed with Lactcoccus lactis ssp. lactis NIAI527. This strain adhered to the microvilli of cells as observed by scanning electron microscopy and also tolerated low pH and bile. These properties should make strain 527 a potential new probiotic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kimoto
- Department of Animal Products, National Institute of Animal Industry, Ibaraki, Japan.
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32
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Lin CF, Chung TC. Cloning of erythromycin-resistance determinants and replication origins from indigenous plasmids of Lactobacillus reuteri for potential use in construction of cloning vectors. Plasmid 1999; 42:31-41. [PMID: 10413663 DOI: 10.1006/plas.1999.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri L1 and N16 strains contain a 7.0-kb plasmid (pTE80) and a 15-kb plasmid (pTE15), respectively, encoding resistance to erythromycin (Em(r)). Physical maps of both plasmids were established. Nucleotide sequences of the genetic determinants encoding Em(r) on pTE80 and pTE15 revealed the existence of a very similar (ca. 99% nucleotide sequence and ca. 98% amino acid sequence identity) open reading frame for an Em(r) transmethylase gene (erm) in both plasmids. These structural erm genes, 753 and 750 bp in length, respectively, were highly related (ca. 98% nucleotide sequence and ca. 97% amino acid sequence identity) to the erm gene of L. fermentum plasmid pLEM3. Sequence analysis showed that these two erm genes from pTE80 and pTE15 could be categorized under the ermB (ermAM) class. These are the first members of the ermB (ermAM) class of Em(r) determinant from L. reuteri to be characterized at the nucleotide sequence level. The Em(r) gene from pTE80 (erm80) was then ligated into pUC18/19 to construct replication origin (RO)-screening vectors pUE80(+) and pUE80(-) (pUE80(+/-)). These plasmids contain the pUC18/19-derived multiple cloning site, ampicillin-resistance trait, and the LacZ' gene, which enable direct screening for recombinants in Escherichia coli. Once the recombinant contains a RO from L. reuteri, the Em(r) trait of erm80 is used as a selection marker for the replication of the chimeric plasmid as it is transformed into L. reuteri using the cloned RO as a replicon. Replication regions from pTE80 and pTE15 were successfully cloned into the constructed vector pUE80(-). The RO cloned from pTE80 was further identified as being highly stable in L. reuteri and also bearing a relatively narrow host range compared with that of pTE15. The Em(r) determinant (erm80) and RO cloned from pTE80 could be used in the future construction of derivatives of cloning vectors for this microbe. Moreover, the pUE80(+/-) and pTE80-RO constructed in this study have the potential to be developed as a suicide vector and an E. coli-L. reuteri shuttle vector, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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33
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ARIHARA K, OTA H, ITOH M, KONDO Y, SAMESHIMA T, YAMANAKA H, AKIMOTO M, KANAI S, MIKI T. Lactobacillus acidophilus Group Lactic Acid Bacteria Applied to Meat Fermentation. J Food Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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King VAE, Lin HJ, Liu CF. Accelerated storage testing of freeze-dried and controlled low-temperature vacuum dehydrated Lactobacillus acidophilus. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 1998; 44:160-165. [PMID: 12501284 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.44.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. An-Erl King
- Department of Food Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, ROC
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35
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36
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Reinheimer J, Morelli L, Bottazzi V, Suárez V. Phenotypic variability among cells of Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 15807. Int Dairy J 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-6946(94)p1602-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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38
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Morice M, Bracquart P, Linden G. Colonial Variation and Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Streptococcus thermophilus. J Dairy Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)77867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Luchansky JB, Tennant MC, Klaenhammer TR. Molecular cloning and deoxyribonucleic acid polymorphisms in Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri. J Dairy Sci 1991; 74:3293-302. [PMID: 1660495 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus strain ADH is a bile-resistant, bacteriocin-producing human isolate that was phenotypically classified within the Lactobacillus acidophilus group. Total DNA and phage DNA extracted from strain ADH were separately digested with BclI and ligated with BclI-digested pGK12. Following electroporation of these ligation mixtures directly into strain ADH, electrotransformants were recovered at frequencies of 1.5 x 10(3) and 2.0 x 10(4)/micrograms of pGK12 for preparations of pGK12::phage DNA and pGK12::total DNA, respectively. Among the electrotransformants screened, 6 and 22% contained passenger DNA of either phage DNA or chromosomal origin, respectively, as determined by restriction-enzyme analyses and hybridization assays. Derivatives of pGK12 containing passenger DNA of chromosomal (pTRK120) or phage (pTRK121) origin and pTRK15 (native cryptic plasmid) were evaluated for use as species-specific probes. The strain ADH-derived probes hybridized primarily to members of the B-1 and B-2 lactobacilli homology groups and demonstrated strain-specific polymorphisms within these groups. Identical hybridization patterns were established for strain ADH and Lactobacillus gasseri VPI 6033 (ATCC 19992). Identification of DNA probes and establishment of a host-vector cloning system have facilitated our efforts to characterize the Lactobacillus chromosome and to distinguish between closely related species thought to be important inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Luchansky
- Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7624
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40
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Overdahl BJ, Zottola EA. Relationship between bile tolerance and the presence of a ruthenium red staining layer on strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Dairy Sci 1991; 74:1196-200. [PMID: 1713599 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus were evaluated to determine the relationship between bile tolerance and the presence of an outer polysaccharide layer exterior to the cell wall when viewed by transmission electron microscopy. Bile tolerance is necessary for survival of lactobacilli in the intestinal tract, and the polysaccharide layer may be responsible for adherence to human intestinal tissue. These two factors may be the basis for use of L. acidophilus as a dietary adjunct. Ten strains exhibited a ruthenium red-stained outer polysaccharide layer. Three of the 10 strains had extremely dense layers, which may indicate stronger adherence properties. Seven strains did not contain a ruthenium red-stained outer layer; however, six strains that did not have the stained layer were resistant to 1.0% bile concentration. Fourteen strains were tolerant to 1% bile, one strain was tolerant to 6% bile, and two strains were sensitive to bile. No relationship between bile tolerance and the presence of the ruthenium red-stained outer polysaccharide layer was apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Overdahl
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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41
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Barefoot S, McArthur L, Kidd J, Grinstead D. Molecular Evidence for Lysogeny in Lactobacillus acidophilus and Characterization of a Temperate Bacteriophage. J Dairy Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(90)78907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Bitton G, Dutton RJ, Koopman B, Dutka BJ. Cell permeability to toxicants: An important parameter in toxicity tests using bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/10643388809388347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Barefoot SF, Klaenhammer TR. Purification and characterization of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin lactacin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984; 26:328-34. [PMID: 6439113 PMCID: PMC176163 DOI: 10.1128/aac.26.3.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parameters for production and purification of a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus N2 are described. Production of lactacin B was pH dependent, with maximum activity detected in broth cultures maintained at pH 6. Lactacin B was purified by ion-exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and successive gel filtrations in the presence of 8 M urea and then 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weight of lactacin B was ca. 6,000 to 6,500, and the purified compound showed maximum absorbance at 211 nm. The activity of purified lactacin B was bactericidal to sensitive cells and restricted to members of the family Lactobacilliaceae, L. leichmannii, L. bulgaricus, L. helveticus, and L. lactis. Characteristics identified for lactacin B indicated that it was a peptide and confirmed its identity as a bacteriocin.
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44
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The influence of several variables for nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis inLactobacillus plantarum. Curr Microbiol 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01576774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Kole M, Altosaar I. Bovine Bile Resistance Increases
Leuconostoc oenos
44.40 Viability upon Lyophilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 1984; 47:1150-3. [PMID: 16346543 PMCID: PMC240088 DOI: 10.1128/aem.47.5.1150-1153.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A screening method based on the selection of strains of
Leuconostoc oenos
44.40 resistant to bovine bile was developed to obtain strains of the organism more resistant to lyophilization damage. These strains could be used as starter cultures in the malolactic fermentation of wine. The strain resistant to bovine bile was 20% more viable after lyophilization than strains not resistant to bovine bile. This was confirmed in both laboratory-scale production (100 ml) and pilot-scale production (100 liters). Lyophilized cells of strains sensitive and resistant to bovine bile were inoculated into wine, and the malate metabolism by the organism was monitored in the wine. Resistance to bovine bile did not change the malate metabolism characteristic of the organism. A comparison was made of the fatty acid compositions of the two strains. There was a difference in the fatty acid distribution pattern for these two strains. The bovine bile-resistant strain contained more dodecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acid and less tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acid than did the bovine bile-sensitive strain. Both strains contained high levels of C-19 cyclopropane fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kole
- ens Biologicals Inc., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 9B4
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46
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47
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Mäyrä-Mäkinen A, Manninen M, Gyllenberg H. The adherence of lactic acid bacteria to the columnar epithelial cells of pigs and calves. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1983; 55:241-5. [PMID: 6654764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion of various lactobacilli and streptococci to columnar epithelial cells of pigs and calves were studied, by in vitro methods. The porcine strains isolated most frequently were Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lact, acidophilus and Lact. fermentum. Thirteen of the 22 lactobacilli were adhesive. All the streptococci isolated belonged to Lancefield's D-group; none of them adhered to pig epithelial cells. The adhesive strains (9 of 22) of calves were identified as Lact. fermentum. Adherence was variable even between strains of the same species. Isolates from plant material, cultured milk and cheese did not adhere to the columnar epithelial cells in vitro. The adhesive porcine strains tolerated low pH and bile acids, which is important for their survival under conditions in the stomach and intestine.
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48
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Wright CT, Klaenhammer TR. Influence of Calcium and Manganese on Dechaining of
Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983; 46:785-92. [PMID: 16346396 PMCID: PMC239468 DOI: 10.1128/aem.46.4.785-792.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The events responsible for the transition of
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
1243-F from long filamentous chains to short bacilloid rods were examined in a cation-depleted liquid medium. In the presence of magnesium only, cells grew as long chains of unseparated cells. The addition of 100 μM to 1 mM calcium or manganese to this medium resulted in the dechaining of these cells to short bacilloid rods. Fe
2+
, Zn
2+
, Co
2+
, and Cu
2+
failed to induce dechaining. Induction of calcium and manganese dechaining functioned under controlled pH maintained at 5.0 and 6.0 but not at pH 7.0. This was consistent with a previous report showing failure in synthesis of dechaining enzymes by
L. bulgaricus
under pH conditions approaching alkalinity (S. K. Rhee and M. Y. Pack, J. Bacteriol.
144:
865-868, 1980). We conclude that under pH conditions which permit synthesis of dechaining enzymes, calcium and manganese are necessary for dechaining activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Wright
- Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650
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49
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Barefoot SF, Klaenhammer TR. Detection and activity of lactacin B, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983; 45:1808-15. [PMID: 6410990 PMCID: PMC242543 DOI: 10.1128/aem.45.6.1808-1815.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 52 strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus were examined for production of bacteriocins. A majority (63%) demonstrated inhibitory activity against all members of a four-species grouping of Lactobacillus leichmannii, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Lactobacillus lactis. Four L. acidophilus strains with this activity also inhibited Streptococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus fermentum, suggesting a second system of antagonism. Under conditions eliminating the effects of organic acids and hydrogen peroxide, no inhibition of other gram-positive or -negative genera was demonstrated by L. acidophilus. The agent produced by L. acidophilus N2 and responsible for inhibition of L. leichmannii, L. bulgaricus, L. helveticus, and L. lactis was investigated. Ultrafiltration studies indicated a molecular weight of approximately 100,000 for the crude inhibitor. The agent was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and retained full activity after 60 min at 100 degrees C (pH 5). Activity against sensitive cells was bactericidal but not bacteriolytic. These characteristics identified the inhibitory agent as a bacteriocin, designated lactacin B. Examination of strains of L. acidophilus within the six homology groupings of Johnson et al. (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:53-68, 1980) demonstrated that production of the bacteriocin lactacin B could not be used in classification of neotype L. acidophilus strains. However, the usefulness of employing sensitivity to lactacin B in classification of dairy lactobacilli is suggested.
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50
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WRIGHT CT, KLAENHAMMER TR. Survival of Lactobacillus bulgaricus During Freezing and Freeze-Drying After Growth in the Presence of Calcium. J Food Sci 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb14896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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