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Zhao L, Li X, Wang Y, Yang Q, Jiang X, Zhao R, Chen H, Zhang Y, Ran J, Chen W, Wei Z, Wang H. Resistance role of Lactobacillus sp. and Lactococcus sp. to copper ions in healthy children's intestinal microorganisms. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:134059. [PMID: 38503209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal exposure is closely associated with gut microbe function and tolerance. However, intestinal microbe responses in children to different copper ion (Cu2+) concentrations have not yet been clarified. Here, in vitro cultivation systems were established for fecal microbe control and Cu2+-treated groups in healthy children. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, meta-transcriptomics and metabolomics were used here to identify toxicity resistance mechanisms at microbiome levels. The results showed that Lactobacillus sp. and Lactococcus sp. exerted protective effects against Cu2+ toxicity, but these effects were limited by Cu2+ concentration. When the Cu2+ concentration was ≥ 4 mg/L, the abundance of Lactobacillus sp. and Lactococcus sp. significantly decreased, and the pathways of antioxidant activity and detoxification processes were enriched at 2 mg/L Cu2+, and beneficial metabolites accumulated. However, at high concentrations of Cu2+ (≥4 mg/L), the abundance of potential pathogen increased, and was accompanied by a downregulation of genes in metabolism and detoxification pathways, which meant that the balance of gut microbiota was disrupted and toxicity resistance decreased. From these observations, we identified some probiotics that are tolerant to heavy metal Cu2+, and warn that only when the concentration limit of Cu2+ in food is 2 mg/L, then a balanced gut microbiota can be guaranteed in children, thereby providing protection for their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China.
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Ruixiang Zhao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Junjian Ran
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Wanrong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Zihan Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hailei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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Wang H, Ai LZ, Xia YJ, Wang GQ, Xiong ZQ, Song X. Characterization of a Panel of Constitutive Promoters from Lactococcus cremoris for Fine-Tuning Gene Expression. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1365-1372. [PMID: 38518262 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Lactococcus cremoris (homotypic synonym: Lactococcus lactis) is receiving increasing attention as a prominent vehicle for the delivery of live vaccines. This can hardly be achieved without developing tools for the genetic manipulation of L. cremoris, and the paucity of studies on L. cremoris endogenous promoters has attracted our attention. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of 29 candidate promoters identified from L. cremoris subsp. cremoris NZ9000 by RNA sequencing analysis. Furthermore, 18 possible constitutive promoters were obtained by RT-qPCR screening from these 29 candidate promoters. Then, these 18 promoters were cloned and characterized by a reporter gene, gusA, encoding β-glucuronidase. Eventually, eight endogenous constitutive promoters of L. cremoris were obtained, which can be applied to genetic manipulation of lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lian-Zhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yong-Jun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Guang-Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xin Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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O'Connor PBF, Mahony J, Casey E, Baranov PV, van Sinderen D, Yordanova MM. Ribosome profiling reveals downregulation of UMP biosynthesis as the major early response to phage infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0398923. [PMID: 38451091 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03989-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved diverse defense mechanisms to counter bacteriophage attacks. Genetic programs activated upon infection characterize phage-host molecular interactions and ultimately determine the outcome of the infection. In this study, we applied ribosome profiling to monitor protein synthesis during the early stages of sk1 bacteriophage infection in Lactococcus cremoris. Our analysis revealed major changes in gene expression within 5 minutes of sk1 infection. Notably, we observed a specific and severe downregulation of several pyr operons which encode enzymes required for uridine monophosphate biosynthesis. Consistent with previous findings, this is likely an attempt of the host to starve the phage of nucleotides it requires for propagation. We also observed a gene expression response that we expect to benefit the phage. This included the upregulation of 40 ribosome proteins that likely increased the host's translational capacity, concurrent with a downregulation of genes that promote translational fidelity (lepA and raiA). In addition to the characterization of host-phage gene expression responses, the obtained ribosome profiling data enabled us to identify two putative recoding events as well as dozens of loci currently annotated as pseudogenes that are actively translated. Furthermore, our study elucidated alterations in the dynamics of the translation process, as indicated by time-dependent changes in the metagene profile, suggesting global shifts in translation rates upon infection. Additionally, we observed consistent modifications in the ribosome profiles of individual genes, which were apparent as early as 2 minutes post-infection. The study emphasizes our ability to capture rapid alterations of gene expression during phage infection through ribosome profiling. IMPORTANCE The ribosome profiling technology has provided invaluable insights for understanding cellular translation and eukaryotic viral infections. However, its potential for investigating host-phage interactions remains largely untapped. Here, we applied ribosome profiling to Lactococcus cremoris cultures infected with sk1, a major infectious agent in dairy fermentation processes. This revealed a profound downregulation of genes involved in pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis at an early stage of phage infection, suggesting an anti-phage program aimed at restricting nucleotide availability and, consequently, phage propagation. This is consistent with recent findings and contributes to our growing appreciation for the role of nucleotide limitation as an anti-viral strategy. In addition to capturing rapid alterations in gene expression levels, we identified translation occurring outside annotated regions, as well as signatures of non-standard translation mechanisms. The gene profiles revealed specific changes in ribosomal densities upon infection, reflecting alterations in the dynamics of the translation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B F O'Connor
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- EIRNA Bio, Bioinnovation Hub, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Casey
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Pavel V Baranov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martina M Yordanova
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Stachelska MA, Ekielski A, Karpiński P, Żelaziński T, Kruszewski B. New Genetic Determinants for qPCR Identification and the Enumeration of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria in Raw-Milk Cheese. Molecules 2024; 29:1533. [PMID: 38611811 PMCID: PMC11013805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role in the ripening of cheeses and contribute to the development of the desired profile of aroma and flavor compounds. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the dynamics of bacterial proliferation in order to obtain an accurate and reliable number of their cells at each stage of cheese ripening. This work aimed to identify and conduct a quantitative assessment of the selected species of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria from raw cow's milk cheese by the development of primers and probe pairs based on the uniqueness of the genetic determinants with which the target microorganisms can be identified. For that purpose, we applied real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) protocols to quantify Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris cells in cheese directly after production and over three-month and six-month ripening periods. While L. lactis subsp. cremoris shows good acidification ability and the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus has good proteolytic ability and produces exo-polysaccharides, and S. thermophilus takes part in the formation of the diacetyl flavor compound by metabolizing citrate to develop aroma, they all play an important role in the cheese ripening. The proposed qPCR protocols are very sensitive and reliable methods for a precise enumeration of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, and L. lactis subsp. cremoris in cheese samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Alicja Stachelska
- Faculty of Computer Science and Technology, University of Lomza, Akademicka 14, 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
| | - Adam Ekielski
- Department of Production Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 164, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.); (T.Ż.)
| | - Piotr Karpiński
- Faculty of Computer Science and Technology, University of Lomza, Akademicka 14, 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Żelaziński
- Department of Production Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 164, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.); (T.Ż.)
| | - Bartosz Kruszewski
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Liu Z, Zhang S, Hu H, Wang H, Qiu Y, Dong M, Wang M, Cui Z, Cui H, Wang Y, He G. Construction of recombinant Lactococcus expressing thymosin and interferon fusion protein and its application as an immune adjuvant. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:40. [PMID: 38321474 PMCID: PMC10845779 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, biosafety and green food safety standards have increased the demand for immune enhancers and adjuvants. In the present study, recombinant food-grade Lactococcus lactis (r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN) expressing thymosin Tα1 and chicken interferon fusion protein was constructed. RESULTS The in vitro interactions with macrophages revealed a mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN could significantly activate both macrophage J774-Dual™ NF-κB and interferon regulator (IRF) signaling pathways. In vitro interactions with chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated that a mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN significantly enhanced the expression levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, CD80, and CD86 proteins in chicken PBMCs. Animal experiments displayed that injecting a lysis mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN could significantly activate the proliferation of T cells and antigen-presenting cells in chicken PBMCs. Moreover, 16S analysis of intestinal microbiota demonstrated that injection of the lysis mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN could significantly improve the structure and composition of chicken intestinal microbiota, with a significant increase in probiotic genera, such as Lactobacillus spp. Results of animal experiments using the lysis mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN as an immune adjuvant for inactivated chicken Newcastle disease vaccine showed that the serum antibody titers of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the vaccine control group, and the expression levels of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly higher than those of the vaccine control group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that food-safe recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN has potential as a vaccine immune booster and immune adjuvant. This study lays the foundation for the development of natural green novel animal immune booster or immune adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Suhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongjiao Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - He Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Mingqi Dong
- Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Muping Wang
- Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Ziyang Cui
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, China.
| | - Gaoming He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
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Yoon KN, Lee SJ, Keum GB, Song KY, Park JH, Song BS, Yu SY, Cho JH, Kim ES, Doo H, Kwak J, Kim S, Eun JB, Lee JH, Kim HB, Lee JH, Kim JK. Characteristics of Lactococcus petauri GB97 lysate isolated from porcine feces and its in vitro and in vivo effects on inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota composition in mice. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0133423. [PMID: 38019021 PMCID: PMC10782967 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01334-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Weaning is a crucial step in piglet management to improve pork production. During the weaning phase, disruption of epithelial barrier function and intestinal inflammation can lead to decreased absorption of nutrients and diarrhea. Therefore, maintaining a healthy intestine, epithelial barrier function, and gut microbiota composition in this crucial phase is strategic for optimal weaning in pigs. We isolated a lysate of Lactococcus petauri GB97 (LPL97) from healthy porcine feces and evaluated its anti-inflammatory activities, barrier integrity, and gut microbial changes in LPS-induced murine macrophages and DSS-induced colitis mice. We found that LPL97 regulated the immune response by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, LPL97 alleviated the disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity and gut microbiota dysbiosis in colitis mice. This study indicates that LPL97 has the potential to be developed as an alternative feed additive to antibiotics for the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Nam Yoon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jong-Heum Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Yu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyunok Doo
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jinok Kwak
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
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Barbian ME, Owens JA, Naudin CR, Denning P, Patel RM, Jones RM. A high fiber diet or supplementation with Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris to pregnant mice confers protection against intestinal injury in adult offspring. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2337317. [PMID: 38619316 PMCID: PMC11020553 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2337317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The diet during pregnancy, or antenatal diet, influences the offspring's intestinal health. We previously showed that antenatal butyrate supplementation reduces injury in adult murine offspring with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Potential modulators of butyrate levels in the intestine include a high fiber diet or dietary supplementation with probiotics. To test this, we supplemented the diet of pregnant mice with high fiber, or with the probiotic bacteria Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. We then induced chronic colitis with DSS in their adult offspring. We demonstrate that a high fiber antenatal diet, or supplementation with Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris during pregnancy diminished the injury from DSS-induced colitis in offspring. These data are evidence that antenatal dietary interventions impact offspring gut health and define the antenatal diet as a therapeutic modality to enhance offspring intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Barbian
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Crystal R. Naudin
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Patricia Denning
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ravi M. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
| | - Rheinallt M. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
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Laroute V, Aubry N, Audonnet M, Mercier-Bonin M, Daveran-Mingot ML, Cocaign-Bousquet M. Natural diversity of lactococci in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production and genetic and phenotypic determinants. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:178. [PMID: 37689693 PMCID: PMC10492284 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a bioactive compound produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The diversity of GABA production in the Lactococcus genus is poorly understood. Genotypic and phenotypic approaches were therefore combined in this study to shed light on this diversity. A comparative genomic study was performed on the GAD-system genes (gadR, gadC and gadB) involved in GABA production in 36 lactococci including L. lactis and L. cremoris species. In addition, 132 Lactococcus strains were screened for GABA production in culture medium supplemented with 34 mM L-glutamic acid with or without NaCl (0.3 M). RESULTS Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequence alignments revealed the same genetic organization of the GAD system in all strains except one, which has an insertion sequence element (IS981) into the PgadCB promoter. This analysis also highlighted several deletions including a 3-bp deletion specific to the cremoris species located in the PgadR promoter, and a second 39-bp deletion specific to L. cremoris strains with a cremoris phenotype. Phenotypic analysis revealed that GABA production varied widely, but it was higher in L. lactis species than in L. cremoris, with an exceptional GABA production of up to 14 and 24 mM in two L. lactis strains. Moreover, adding chloride increased GABA production in some L. cremoris and L. lactis strains by a factor of up to 16 and GAD activity correlated well with GABA production. CONCLUSIONS This genomic analysis unambiguously characterized the cremoris phenotype of L. cremoris species and modified GadB and GadR proteins explain why the corresponding strains do not produce GABA. Finally, we found that glutamate decarboxylase activity revealing GadB protein amount, varied widely between the strains and correlated well with GABA production both with and without chloride. As this protein level is associated to gene expression, the regulation of GAD gene expression was identified as a major contributor to this diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Laroute
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nathalie Aubry
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Marjorie Audonnet
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Line Daveran-Mingot
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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9
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Ballantyne R, Lee JW, Liu CH. First identification and histopathological analysis of Lactococcus garvieae infection in whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei cultured in low salinity water. J Fish Dis 2023; 46:929-942. [PMID: 37309584 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The isolation and characterization of bacterial species Lactococcus garvieae, previously unreported in whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, has now been identified in the species. The pathogen was recovered from an affected shrimp farm in southern Taiwan. Bacterial characterization first identified the isolate as Gram-positive cocci, and biochemical profiles demonstrated that the causative agent of mortality was 97% L. garvieae. The bacterial cell DNA resulted in amplification of 1522 bp with 99.6% confirmation by PCR analysis. The phylogenetic tree revealed 100% evolutionary similarity among previously isolated strains. Experimental infection further confirmed higher susceptibility of whiteleg shrimp to L. garvieae in waters of lower salinity, particularly 5 ppt, than in higher salinity. Histopathological analysis showed severely damaged hepatopancreas with necrotized, elongated, collapsed tubules, dislodged membranes and granuloma formation in infected shrimp. Transmission electron microscopy observation indicated a hyaluronic acid capsular layer surrounding bacterial cell which is a virulence factor of L. garvieae and likely responsible for immunosuppression and higher mortality of shrimp cultured in lower salinity. Collectively, these findings report the first isolation of L. garvieae from whiteleg shrimp and shed new light on the disease that threatens the highly valuable species and accentuates the need for finding a solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolissa Ballantyne
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Wei Lee
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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10
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Lake FB, van Overbeek LS, Baars JJP, Abee T, den Besten HMW. Growth performance of Listeria monocytogenes and background microbiota from mushroom processing environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 395:110183. [PMID: 37001480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between Listeria monocytogenes and resident background microbiota may occur in food processing environments and may influence the survival of this pathogen in a factory environment. Therefore the aim of this study was to characterize the growth performance of microbiota isolated from the processing environments of frozen sliced mushrooms, and to investigate the competitive performance of L. monocytogenes when co-cultured with accompanying environmental microbiota. Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus and Pseudomonas were the most prominent background microbiota isolated from the processing environment of frozen sliced mushrooms. All individual microbiota strains were able to grow and form biofilm in filter-sterilized mushroom medium, with the mannitol-consumers Raoultella and Ewingella as top performers, reaching up to 9.6 and 9.8 log CFU/mL after 48 h incubation at room temperature. When L. monocytogenes mushroom isolates were co-cultured with the microbiota strains, L. monocytogenes counts ranged from 7.6 to 8.9 log CFU/mL after 24 h of incubation, while counts of the microbiota strains ranged from 5.5 to 9.0 log CFU/mL. Prolonged incubation up to 48 h resulted in further increase of L. monocytogenes counts when co-cultured with non-acidifying species Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter reaching 9.1 to 9.2 log CFU/mL, while a decrease of L. monocytogenes counts reaching 5.8 to 7.7 log CFU/mL was observed in co-culture with Enterobacteriaceae and acidifying Lactococcus representatives. In addition, L. monocytogenes grew also in spent mushroom media of the microbiota strains, except in acidified spent media of Lactococcus strains. These results highlight the competitive ability of L. monocytogenes during co-incubation with microbiota in fresh and in spent mushroom medium, indicative of its invasion and persistence capacity in food processing factory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B Lake
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo S van Overbeek
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan J P Baars
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidy M W den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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11
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Ramalho JB, Spiazzi CC, Bicca DF, Rodrigues JF, Sehn CP, da Silva WP, Cibin FWS. Beneficial effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris LL95 treatment in an LPS-induced depression-like model in mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 426:113847. [PMID: 35306095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that neuroinflammation, activation of the immune system, and the composition of the intestinal microbiota are involved in the pathology of depression. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a probiotic intervention using Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris LL95 in ameliorating mood disorders in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups and treated with 5 mg/kg LPS via intraperitoneal injection to induce depression-like symptoms, followed by oral administration of LL95 for one week (1 × 109 CFU/mouse). The animals were then subjected to a series of behavioral assessments, including open field, sucrose preference, and forced swimming tests. In addition, we evaluated the levels of reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β in the hippocampal tissues of these animals, and also determined their fecal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) content. LL95 intervention improved LPS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice, including decreased sucrose preference and increased immobility time in the forced swim test. LL95 treatment reversed the LPS-induced increase in hippocampal levels of reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor-α, and of interleukin-1β to a lesser extent. Furthermore, LL95 intervention increased the fecal LAB content in these animals, suggesting changes in the gut microbiota. These findings suggest that LL95 exerts antidepressant-like effects in LPS-induced depression, which may be attributed to modulation of the oxidative status and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus and alteration in the LAB content of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bernera Ramalho
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Uruguaiana, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Chiapinotto Spiazzi
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Uruguaiana, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Ferreira Bicca
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Uruguaiana, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ferreira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Uruguaiana, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Pohl Sehn
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas (LaftamBio), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (DCTA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielli Weber Santos Cibin
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Uruguaiana, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Su FJ, Periyasamy T, Chen MM. Comparative Transcriptomic Immune Responses of Mullet (Mugil cephalus) Infected by Planktonic and Biofilm Lactococcus Garvieae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887921. [PMID: 35677656 PMCID: PMC9168659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is an important pathogen of fish, associated with high rates of mortality and infection recurrence in summer or stressful conditions. Chronic infection and disease recurrence have also been reported to be associated with biofilms. However, the impact of biofilm and planktonic bacterial infection on fish immune responses remains unclear. In this study, de novo sequencing was used to compare differences of the spleen transcriptome in planktonic- and biofilm-infected mullets. Among the 181,024 unigenes obtained, 3,392 unigenes were associated with immune response genes. Comparative analysis of the gene expression between infection with the L. garvieae planktonic type and biofilm type identified a total of 3,120 and 3,489 differentially expressed genes in response to planktonic and biofilm infection, respectively, of which 1,366 and 1,458 genes were upregulated, and 1,754 and 1,458 genes were downregulated, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of immune genes identified genes involved in the complement system, toll-like receptor signaling, and antigen processing, which were further verified by qPCR. Additionally, genes encoding TLR2, IL-1β, TNF-α, C7, and MHC class II peptides were downregulated in response to biofilm infection. Importantly, the results show that biofilm infection induces a different immune pathway response compared with planktonic bacterial infection and, furthermore, illustrates that the prevention of biofilm formation may be a necessary and new strategy for controlling bacterial infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Su
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Meei-Mei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Meei-Mei Chen,
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13
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Dubey S, Diep DB, Evensen Ø, Munang’andu HM. Garvicin KS, a Broad-Spectrum Bacteriocin Protects Zebrafish Larvae against Lactococcus garvieae Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052833. [PMID: 35269976 PMCID: PMC8910950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are emerging as a viable alternative to antibiotics due to their ability to inhibit growth or kill antibiotic resistant pathogens. Herein, we evaluated the ability of the bacteriocin Garvicin KS (GarKS) produced by Lactococcus garvieae KS1546 isolated from cow milk to inhibit the growth of fish and foodborne bacterial pathogens. We found that GarKS inhibited the growth of five fish L. garvieae strains isolated from infected trout and eels. Among fish pathogens, GarKS inhibited the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae serotypes Ia and Ib, and Aeromonas hydrophila but did not inhibit the growth of Edwardsiella tarda. In addition, it inhibited the growth of A. salmonicida strain 6421 but not A. salmonicida strain 6422 and Yersinia ruckeri. There was no inhibition of three foodborne bacterial species, namely Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. In vitro cytotoxicity tests using different GarKS concentrations showed that the highest concentration of 33 µg/mL exhibited low cytotoxicity, while concentrations ≤3.3 µg/mL had no cytotoxicity on CHSE-214 and RTG-2 cells. In vivo tests showed that zebrafish larvae treated with 33 µg/mL and 3.3 µg/mL GarKS prior to challenge had 53% and 48% survival, respectively, while concentrations ≤0.33 µg/mL were nonprotective. Altogether, these data show that GarKS has a broad inhibitory spectrum against Gram positive and negative bacteria and that it has potential applications as a therapeutic agent for a wide range of bacterial pathogens. Thus, future studies should include clinical trials to test the efficacy of GarKS against various bacterial pathogens in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dubey
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (Ø.E.)
- Department of Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (Ø.E.)
| | - Hetron M. Munang’andu
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (Ø.E.)
- Department of Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-98-86-86-83
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14
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Swaminathan TR, Nithyanantham SR, Narendrakumar L, Dharmaratnam A, Sood N, Pradhan PK, Sulumane Ramachandra KS, Lal KK. Co-infection of Lactococcus garvieae and Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus cultured in India. Dis Aquat Organ 2021; 147:127-140. [PMID: 34913441 DOI: 10.3354/dao03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) and Lactococcus garvieae are 2 major pathogens of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In June-July 2018, a disease outbreak was reported in Nile tilapia cultured in brackish water floating cages in Kerala, India. Affected fish died gradually, and cumulative mortality reached ~75% within 1 mo. In the present study, TiLV and L. garvieae were isolated from the infected fish and confirmed. Nucleotide analysis of the partial sequence of segment 3 revealed that the present TiLV isolate showed 100% similarity with TiLV MF574205 and 97.65% similarity with TiLV KU552135 isolated in Israel. The partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L. garvieae shared 99% similarity with the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L. garvieae isolated from Nile tilapia in Brazil. Eight virulence genes (hly1, hly2, hly3, NADH oxidase, adhPav, LPxTG-1, LPxTG-4, adhC1) were amplified in the present isolate. In the experimental challenge study, the onset of mortality started earlier in fish co-infected with TiLV and L. garvieae (3 d post-infection [dpi]) compared to other groups. Cumulative mortality (90% at 12 dpi) was significantly higher in the co-infected group than in fish infected with TiLV (60% at 12 dpi) and L. garvieae (40% at 12 dpi) alone. This study reveals that synergistic co-infection with TiLV and other bacteria may increase mortality in disease outbreaks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported co-infection of L. garvieae with TiLV associated with mass mortality in Nile tilapia in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Raja Swaminathan
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, Kerala 682 018, India
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15
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Zhu Z, Liu N, Xia W, Liu H, Wood KB, Wang K. Bacteria in Surgical Smoke: A Self-controlled Laboratory Study Using Porcine Spinal Tissues. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:E1230-E1237. [PMID: 33907080 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A laboratory study performed in a self-controlled fashion. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether "surgical smoke" generated by using the electrocautery on porcine spinal tissues could contain viable bacteria. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The year 2020 has seen a surge in legislation regarding surgical smoke evacuation in the operating room across the United States. Surgical smoke contains numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances, which spine surgeons and operating room staff are regularly exposed to. Although the smoke's chemical toxicity has been extensively studied, little is known about its biohazard level. METHODS The electrocautery was used to "operate on" 20 segments of porcine spinal tissues on a clean bench. In each operation, the generated smoke was captured with a swab, which was positioned above the surgical site and within the smoke, to obtain bacteria cultures. Two other swabs-a tissue swab (swabbing the porcine tissue itself) and a blank swab (swabbing an empty sterile bowl)-were collected as controls. The culture results were compared among the three groups. An additional experiment was conducted to see whether using a mask can reduce the "infection rate" of the swab. RESULTS Although all blank swabs tested negative, 95% (19/20) of the smoke swabs tested positive, with a total of nine bacteria species identified. The most prevalent species observed in the smoke swabs included Serratia liquefaciens, Lactococcus garvieae, and Hafnia alvei, and so on. Among the positive smoke swabs, 84% (16/19) had one or more bacteria species that were consistent with the cultures of their corresponding tissue swabs. Using a surgical or N95 mask reduced the "infection rate" of the swab. CONCLUSION "Surgical smoke" generated by electrocauterization of porcine spinal tissues contains viable bacteria. Further research in actual spine surgery is needed next.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, CA
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Kirkham B Wood
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, CA
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing, China
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16
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Van Doan H, Balamurugan P, Arockiaraj J, Balasundaram C. Hepatic antioxidant activity, immunomodulation, and pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines manipulation of κ-carrageenan (κ-CGN) in cobia, Rachycentron canadum against Lactococcus garvieae. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 119:128-144. [PMID: 34562582 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary k-Carrageenan (k-CGN) at 10, 20, and 30 g kg-1 on growth rate, hemato-biochemical indices, innate-adaptive parameters and modification of pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines pathway in cobia, Rachycentron canadum against Lactococcus garvieae is reported. The weight gain (WG) increased substantially (P < 0.05) in all k-CGN treated groups; the specific growth rate (SGR) was significant in healthy uninfected normal (HuN) and L. garvieae challenged (LaC) groups fed with 20 g kg-1k-CGN diet on 45 and 60 days. The white blood cell (WBC) counts, total protein (TP) level, total anti-oxidant (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) activities increased significantly when fed with 20 g and 30 g kg-1k-CG diets on 45th and 60th day. The immunological parameters such as phagocytic (PC) index and the activity of phagocytic (PC), respiratory burst (RB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alternate complement pathway (ACH50), and lysozyme (LZM) were significantly enhanced with all k-CG diets in 45 and 60 days of treatment. No cumulative mortality (CM) in HuN group fed by control or any k-CGN diets. CM was 5% in LaC group fed with 20 g kg-1k-CGN diet whereas in LaC groups fed with 10 g and 30 g kg-1k-CGN diets the CM was 10%. The interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA transcripts were one-fold high (P < 0.05) in both HuN and LaC group fed all k-CGN enriched diets on 45 and 60 days. Similarly, IL-18 and TLR2 mRNA was one-fold high expression in both groups fed the 20 g and 30 g kg-1k-CGN enriched diets on 45 or 60 days. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interferon regulatory factor 3/7 (IRF3/IRF7) mRNA transcripts did not change with any diet. IL-6, IL-10, and IL-11 mRNA were one-fold high expressions in both groups fed the 20 g and 30 g kg-1k-CGN enriched diets on 45 and 60 days. However, the expression of CC1, CC3, and CCR9 pro-inflammatory chemokines mRNA did not vary with any control or k-CGN enriched diets. The results indicate that diet enriched with k-CGN at 20 g kg-1 significantly influences the growth, antioxidant and innate-adaptive immune performance, and pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines regulation in cobia against L. garvieae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Paramaraj Balamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Michael College of Engineering and Technology, Kalayarkoil, 630 551, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Islam SMR, Tanzina AY, Foysal MJ, Hoque MN, Rumi MH, Siddiki AMAMZ, Tay ACY, Hossain MJ, Bakar MA, Mostafa M, Mannan A. Insights into the nutritional properties and microbiome diversity in sweet and sour yogurt manufactured in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22667. [PMID: 34811394 PMCID: PMC8608820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Yogurt is one of the most frequently consumed dairy products for nutritional benefits. Although yogurt is enriched with probiotics, it is susceptible to spoilage because of the presence of pathogenic microbes. Spoiled yogurt if consumed can cause food-borne diseases. This study aimed to assess the nutritional composition and microbiome diversity in yogurt manufactured in Bangladesh. Microbial diversity was analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. From nutritional analysis, significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH, fat, moisture, total solid and solid-non-fat contents (%) were observed in sweet yogurt. Following the classification of Illumina sequences, 84.86% and 72.14% of reads were assigned to bacterial and fungal genera, respectively, with significantly higher taxonomic richness in sour yogurt prepared from buffalo. A significant difference in bacterial (Ppermanova = 0.001) and fungal (Ppermanova = 0.013) diversity between sweet and sour yogurt was recorded. A total of 76 bacterial and 70 fungal genera were detected across these samples which were mostly represented by Firmicutes (92.89%) and Ascomycota (98%) phyla, respectively. This is the first study that accentuates nutritional profiles and microbiome diversity of Bangladeshi yogurt which are crucial in determining both active and passive health effects of yogurt consumption in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Afsana Yeasmin Tanzina
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Javed Foysal
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - M Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Meheadi Hasan Rumi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - A M A M Zonaed Siddiki
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Alfred Chin-Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, The Marshall Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - M Jakir Hossain
- Forest Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chattogram, 4211, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mostafa
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Adnan Mannan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh.
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18
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Gagnon M, Goulet C, LaPointe G, Chouinard PY, Roy D. Effect of two thermoresistant non-starter lactic acid bacteria strains on volatilome profile during Cheddar ripening simulation. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 357:109382. [PMID: 34509932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy farm management practices can modify milk microbiota and therefore modulate non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) found in cheese. These NSLAB can cause organoleptic defects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of two potential NSLAB in Cheddar cheesemaking: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RKG 2-212 a strain isolated both in corn silage and raw milk, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii RKG R10, a strain isolated after pasteurisation of milk from a farm using grass and legume silage, and corn silage. The whole genome of these two lactobacilli was first sequenced. Then, the thermoresistance was evaluated after treatment at 60 °C for 5 min and compared to reference strains. Both lactobacilli were highly thermoresistant compared to other three lactic acid bacteria which are Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 19257 and SK11, and L. plantarum ATCC 14917 (P < 0.0001). They lost less than 1 log cfu/mL (Δlog) and their genome contained a great number of copy number of genes coding for heat shock protein. During a Pearce test activity simulating Cheddar cheesemaking, the two lactobacilli did not show interaction with the starter Lcc. lactis subsp. cremoris SK11, and their population remained stable. During a ripening simulation, L. delbrueckii RKG R10 had a slight loss in viability in cheese slurry samples incubated at 30 °C for 12 d. However, L. plantarum RKG 2-212 had considerable growth, from 6.51 to 8.3 log cfu/g. This growth was associated with the acidification of the slurries (P < 0.0001). The presence of the lactobacilli modified the profile of volatile compounds evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, accounting for 10.7% of the variation. The strain L. plantarum RKG 2-212 produced volatile compounds in greater quantity that could be associated with organoleptic defects such as acetic acid and 2-methylbutyraldehyde. Therefore, silage can be a vector of thermoresistant lactic acid bacteria for milk which can lead to flavor defects in cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mérilie Gagnon
- Laboratoire de Génomique Microbienne, Département de Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, 2440 bl. Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement de Recherche Pour un Lait de Qualité Optimale (Op+Lait), 3200 rue sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - Charles Goulet
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, 2480 bl. Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- Regroupement de Recherche Pour un Lait de Qualité Optimale (Op+Lait), 3200 rue sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Food Science Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - P Yvan Chouinard
- Regroupement de Recherche Pour un Lait de Qualité Optimale (Op+Lait), 3200 rue sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'agriculture, Québec, QC G1V OA6, Canada.
| | - Denis Roy
- Laboratoire de Génomique Microbienne, Département de Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, 2440 bl. Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement de Recherche Pour un Lait de Qualité Optimale (Op+Lait), 3200 rue sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
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19
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Chen G, Chen D, Zhou W, Peng Y, Chen C, Shen W, Zeng X, Yuan Q. Improvement of Metabolic Syndrome in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice by Yeast β-Glucan Is Linked to Inhibited Proliferation of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus in Gut Microbiota. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:7581-7592. [PMID: 34197112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that prevention of metabolic syndrome (MS) by dietary fibers is intricately linked to gut microbiota. In the present work, the mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and orally treated with yeast β-glucan to further examine the effects of β-glucan on MS and gut microbiota and the potential relationship between gut microbiota and its activity. After intervention for 10 weeks, it was found that the treatment of yeast β-glucan could significantly improve the HFD-induced MS. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma including IL-6 and IL-1β were decreased. Yeast β-glucan could regulate the diversity and composition of HFD-induced gut microbiota. Moreover, the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus, having significant positive correlation with metabolic changes, were decreased by β-glucan, which might play a critical role in attenuation of MS. Our findings suggest that yeast β-glucan shows promising application as a prebiotic for preventing MS and regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wangting Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunxu Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingxia Yuan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
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20
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Zhang B, Li Y, Fei Y, Cheng Y. Novel Pathway for Vanadium(V) Bio-Detoxification by Gram-Positive Lactococcus raffinolactis. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:2121-2131. [PMID: 33492933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whereas prospects of bioremediation for a vanadium(V) [V(V)]-contaminated environment are widely recognized, reported functional species are extremely limited, with the vast majority of Gram-negative bacteria in Proteobacteria. Herein, the effectiveness of V(V) reduction is proved for the first time by Lactococcus raffinolactis, a Gram-positive bacterium in Firmicutes. The V(V) removal efficiency was 86.5 ± 2.17% during 10-d operation, with an average removal rate of 4.32 ± 0.28 mg/L·d in a citrate-fed system correspondingly. V(V) was bio-reduced to insoluble vanadium(IV) and distributed both inside and outside the cells. Nitrite reductase encoded by gene nirS mainly catalyzed intracellular V(V) reduction, revealing a previously unrecognized pathway. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species from dissimilatory V(V) reduction was alleviated through strengthened superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Extracellular polymeric substances with chemically reactive hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COO-) groups also contributed to V(V) binding and reduction as well as ROS scavenging. This study can improve the understanding of Gram-positive bacteria for V(V) bio-detoxification and offer microbial resources for bioremediation of a V(V)-polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogang Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yi'na Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yangmei Fei
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Cheng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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21
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Halimi M, Alishahi M, Abbaspour MR, Ghorbanpoor M, Tabandeh MR. High efficacy and economical procedure of oral vaccination against Lactococcus garvieae/Streptococcus iniae in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 99:505-513. [PMID: 32092407 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to examine the efficacy of chitosan-alginate coated vaccines against pathogenicity of Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae in rainbow trout. Fish were divided into four groups including: Group A: fish immunized by chitosan-alginate coated vaccine, Group B: fish immunized by non-coated vaccine, Group C: fish feed by chitosan-alginate coated pellets without vaccine and Group D: fish feed by basic diet (non-coated and without vaccine). In groups A and B, the vaccination was carried out for 14 days and after that supplemented with fundamental diet (control diet). Comparable to groups A and B, fish of group C were also fed 14 days with test diets and after that fed control food. On day 0, 20, 40 and 60 of the experiment, serum samples were given. Fish have been challenged with live L. garvieae and S. iniae after 60 days. The levels of bactericidal activity and complement activity among innate immunity components extended on day 20 of the research and after that decreased in group A and B (P < 0.05) all through the examination. The relative expression of IL-6 and IgM in groups A and B extended on examination day 20. The expression of these genes illustrated no advancements in different groups in during the examination (P > 0.05). In group A, the serum antibody titer against L. garvieae and S. iniae broadly raised on day 40 and 60 of examination, whereas in group B, the immune response titer against S. iniae and L. garvieae illustrated a significant elevation on day 60 of the trial (P < 0.05). After challenge with live bacteria, survival rate of 83 ± 9.1%(challenged with S. iniae) and 72.18 ± 9.8% (challenged with L. garvieae) were gotten independently in group A, which were higher than survival of other exploratory groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present examination appear that the orally vaccination of rainbow trout with chitosan-alginate covered vaccine stimulates immunity system and also efficiently protects rainbow trout against Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Halimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Alishahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaspour
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghorbanpoor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Sirisena DMKP, Perera NCN, Godahewa GI, Kwon H, Yang H, Nam BH, Lee J. A manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) from red lip mullet, Liza haematocheila: Evaluation of molecular structure, immune response, and antioxidant function. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 84:73-82. [PMID: 30266606 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a nuclear-encoded antioxidant metalloenzyme. The main function of this enzyme is to dismutase the toxic superoxide anion (O2-) into less toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2). Structural analysis of mullet MnSOD (MuMnSOD) was performed using different bioinformatics tools. Pairwise alignment revealed that the protein sequence matched to that derived from Larimichthys crocea with a 95.2% sequence identity. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the MuMnSOD was included in the category of teleosts. Multiple sequence alignment showed that a SOD Fe-N domain, SOD Fe-C domain, and Mn/Fe SOD signature were highly conserved among the other examined MnSOD orthologs. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the highest MuMnSOD mRNA expression level was in blood cells. The highest expression level of MuMnSOD was observed in response to treatment with both Lactococcus garvieae and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 6 h post treatment in the head kidney and blood. Potential ROS-scavenging ability of the purified recombinant protein (rMuMnSOD) was examined by the xanthine oxidase assay (XOD assay). The optimum temperature and pH for XOD activity were found to be 25 °C and pH 7, respectively. Relative XOD activity was significantly increased with the dose of rMuMnSOD, revealing its dose dependency. Activity of rMuMnSOD was inhibited by potassium cyanide (KCN) and N-N'-diethyl-dithiocarbamate (DDC). Moreover, expression of MuMnSOD resulted in considerable growth retardation of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Results of the current study suggest that MuMnSOD acts as an antioxidant enzyme and participates in the immune response in mullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M K P Sirisena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - N C N Perera
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Omeka WKM, Liyanage DS, Priyathilaka TT, Kwon H, Lee S, Lee J. Characterization of four C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) from red-lip mullet (Liza haematocheila) and their transcriptional modulation in response to bacterial and pathogen-associated molecular pattern stimuli. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 84:158-168. [PMID: 30287348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structural and evolutionary linkage between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the globular C1q (gC1q) domain defines the C1q and TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), which are involved in diverse functions such as immune defense, inflammation, apoptosis, autoimmunity, and cell differentiation. In this study, red-lip mullet (Liza haematocheila) CTRP4-like (MuCTRP4-like), CTRP5 (MuCTRP5), CTRP6 (MuCTRP6), and CTRP7 (MuCTRP7) were identified from the red-lip mullet transcriptome database and molecularly characterized. According to in silico analysis, coding sequences of MuCTRP4-like, MuCTRP5, MuCTRP6, and MuCTRP7 consisted of 1128, 753, 729, and 888 bp open reading frames (ORF), respectively and encoded 375, 250, 242, and 295 amino acids, respectively. All CTRPs possessed a putative C1q domain. Additionally, MuCTRP5, MuCTRP6, and MuCTRP7 consisted of a collagen region. Phylogenetic analysis exemplified that MuCTRPs were distinctly clustered with the respective CTRP orthologs. Tissue-specific expression analysis demonstrated that MuCTRP4-like was mostly expressed in the blood and intestine. Moreover, MuCTRP6 was highly expressed in the blood, whereas MuCTRP5 and MuCTRP7 were predominantly expressed in the muscle and stomach, respectively. According to the temporal expression in blood, all MuCTRPs exhibited significant modulations in response to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae). MuCTRP4-like, MuCTRP5, and MuCTRP6 showed significant upregulation in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The results of this study suggest the potential involvement of Mullet CTRPs in post-immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Liyanage DS, Omeka WKM, Godahewa GI, Lee S, Nam BH, Lee J. Membrane attack complex-associated molecules from redlip mullet (Liza haematocheila): Molecular characterization and transcriptional evidence of C6, C7, C8β, and C9 in innate immunity. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 81:1-9. [PMID: 29981471 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The redlip mullet (Liza haematocheila) is one of the most economically important fish in Korea and other East Asian countries; it is susceptible to infections by pathogens such as Lactococcus garvieae, Argulus spp., Trichodina spp., and Vibrio spp. Learning about the mechanisms of the complement system of the innate immunity of redlip mullet is important for efforts towards eradicating pathogens. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the terminal complement complex (TCC) components that form the membrane attack complex (MAC) through in-silico characterization and comparative spatial and temporal expression profiling. Five conserved domains (TSP1, LDLa, MACPF, CCP, and FIMAC) were detected in the TCC components, but the CCP and FIMAC domains were absent in MuC8β and MuC9. Expression analysis of four TCC genes from healthy redlip mullets showed the highest expression levels in the liver, whereas limited expression was observed in other tissues; immune-induced expression in the head kidney and spleen revealed significant responses against Lactococcus garvieae and poly I:C injection, suggesting their involvement in MAC formation in response to harmful pathogenic infections. Furthermore, the response to poly I:C may suggest the role of TCC components in the breakdown of the membrane of enveloped viruses. These findings may help to elucidate the mechanisms behind the complement system of the teleosts innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Suh Y, Ja Kim M, Seung Jung J, Pil Chong Y, Hwan Kim C, Kang Y, Wook Sohn J, Kyung Yoon Y. Afebrile Multi-valve Infective Endocarditis Caused by Lactococcus garvieae: A Case Report and Literature Review. Intern Med 2016; 55:1011-5. [PMID: 27086823 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is considered to be a rare pathogen with low virulence in humans. We herein experienced an unusual case of multi-valve infective endocarditis caused by L. garvieae in an elderly woman who had undergone bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement due to severe mitral stenosis with rheumatic etiology. The patient was successfully treated with cardiac surgery after teicoplanin antimicrobial therapy failure followed by ceftriaxone treatment. L. garvieae was confirmed as the pathogen through 16S rRNA sequencing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to indicate an effective treatment for infective endocarditis caused by L. garvieae in the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooseok Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
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26
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Araújo C, Muñoz-Atienza E, Pérez-Sánchez T, Poeta P, Igrejas G, Hernández PE, Herranz C, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, Cintas LM. Nisin Z Production by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris WA2-67 of Aquatic Origin as a Defense Mechanism to Protect Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) Against Lactococcus garvieae. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2015; 17:820-830. [PMID: 26307018 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics represent an alternative to chemotherapy and vaccination to control fish diseases, including lactococcosis caused by Lactococcus garvieae. The aims of this study were (i) to determine the in vitro probiotic properties of three bacteriocinogenic Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris of aquatic origin, (ii) to evaluate in vivo the ability of L. cremoris WA2-67 to protect rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) against infection by L. garvieae, and (iii) to demonstrate the role of nisin Z (NisZ) production as an anti-infective mechanism. The three L. cremoris strains survived in freshwater at 18 °C for 7 days, withstood exposure to pH 3.0 and 10 % (v/v) rainbow trout bile, and showed different cell surface hydrophobicity (37.93-58.52 %). The wild-type NisZ-producer L. cremoris WA2-67 and its non-bacteriocinogenic mutant L. cremoris WA2-67 ∆nisZ were administered orally (10(6) CFU/g) to rainbow trout for 21 days and, subsequently, fish were challenged with L. garvieae CLG4 by the cohabitation method. The fish fed with the bacteriocinogenic strain L. cremoris WA2-67 reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the mortality (20 %) compared to the fish treated with its non-bacteriocinogenic knockout isogenic mutant (50 %) and the control (72.5 %). We demonstrated the effectiveness of L. cremoris WA2-67 to protect rainbow trout against infection with the invasive pathogen L. garvieae and the relevance of NisZ production as an anti-infective mechanism. This is the first report demonstrating the effective in vivo role of LAB bacteriocin (NisZ) production as a mechanism to protect fish against bacterial infection. Our results suggest that the wild-type NisZ-producer strain L. cremoris WA2-67 could be used in fish farming to prevent lactococcosis in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Araújo
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av/ Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Animal Science and Veterinary, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av/ Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Centre for Animal Science and Veterinary, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pablo E Hernández
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av/ Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Herranz
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av/ Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Imanol Ruiz-Zarzuela
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis M Cintas
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av/ Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Mitra N, Kumar P. Lactococcus garvieae: An Emerging Pathogen. Indian Pediatr 2015; 52:814. [PMID: 26519728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Mitra
- Department of Pediatrics and #Microbiology, Southern Railway Head Quarter Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Nakajima N, Kawanishi M, Imamura S, Hirano F, Uchiyama M, Yamamoto K, Nagai H, Futami K, Katagiri T, Maita M, Kijima M. Development of a serology-based assay for efficacy evaluation of a lactococcicosis vaccine in Seriola fish. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 38:135-139. [PMID: 24657319 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcicosis is an infection caused by the bacterium Lactococcus garvieae and creates serious economic damage to cultured marine and fresh water fish industries. The use of the assay currently applied to evaluate the potency of the lactococcicosis vaccine is contingent upon meeting specific parameters after statistical analysis of the percent survival of the vaccinated yellowtail or greater amberjack fish after challenge with a virulent strain of L. garvieae. We found that measuring the serological response with a quantitative agglutinating antibody against the L. garvieae antigen (phenotype KG+) was an effective method of monitoring the potency of lactococcicosis vaccines. Vaccinated fish had significantly higher antibody titers than control fish when the L. garvieae Lg2-S strain was used as an antigen. Furthermore, the titer of the KG + agglutinating antibody was correlated with vaccine potency, and the cut-off titer was determined by comparing the data with those from the challenge test. An advantage of the proposed serology-based potency assay is that it will contribute to reduced numbers of animal deaths during vaccine potency evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Nakajima
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan.
| | - Michiko Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Saiki Imamura
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hirano
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Mariko Uchiyama
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Kinya Yamamoto
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nagai
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Futami
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katagiri
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Masashi Maita
- Laboratory of Fish Health Management, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kijima
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
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29
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Pérez-Sánchez T, Balcázar JL, García Y, Halaihel N, Vendrell D, de Blas I, Merrifield DL, Ruiz-Zarzuela I. Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with inhibitory activity against Lactococcus garvieae. J Fish Dis 2011; 34:499-507. [PMID: 21535012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic properties of endogenous rainbow trout microbiota against pathogenic Lactococcus garvieae. A total of 335 bacterial strains were isolated from rainbow trout and screened for antagonistic activity against L. garvieae using an agar spot assay. Antagonistic strains were grouped by PCR amplification of repetitive bacterial DNA elements (rep-PCR) and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results revealed that the antagonistic strains belonged to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc. Further probiotic characteristics, such as specific growth rate, doubling time, resistance to biological barriers, antibiotic resistance, hydrophobicity and production of antimicrobial substances, were also studied. These strains were able to survive low pH and high bile concentrations, showed good adherence characteristics and a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance. The antagonistic efficacy was maintained after sterile filtration and was sensitive to proteinase K, indicating that proteinaceous extracellular inhibitory compounds were at least partially responsible for pathogen antagonism. Based on these results, these strains should be further studied to explore their probiotic effects in challenge experiments in vivo. This study shows clear evidence that the indigenous trout-associated microbiota may provide a defensive barrier against L. garvieae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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30
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Zhu DL, Yang WX, Yang HM. [Meta analysis of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics for the primary prevention of infantile eczema]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2010; 12:734-739. [PMID: 20849726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether lactic acid bacteria as probiotics is efficacious in the primary prevention of infantile eczema or atopic eczema. METHODS For this meta analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) describing the efficacy of probiotics in infants with eczema or atopic eczema at ages of ≤2 years, a comprehensive search in the databases was performed up to January 2010. Three reviewers independently evaluated the studies for methodological qualities. RevMan 5.0.2 software was used for meta analysis. RESULTS Twelve RCTs on the preventive effects of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics on infantile eczema were included, and 7 of the 12 RCTs reported the preventive effect of lactic acid bacteria on atopic eczema. The meta analysis showed that there was an overall significant reduction in infantile eczema and atopic eczema favoring lactic acid bacteria compared with placebo. The relative risk (RR) ratios for eczema and atopic eczema were 0.80 (95%CI: 0.70-0.90; P<0.01) and 0.78 (95%CI: 0.64-0.97; P<0.01), respectively. Lactic acid bacteria combined with other probiotics decreased significantly the incidence of eczema, with a RR ratio of 0.79 (95%CI: 0.68-0.93; P<0.01). The use of lactic acid bacteria alone did not result in a reduction in the incidence of eczema, with a RR ratio of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.69-1.05; P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The data from this meta analysis suggest that lactic acid probiotics combined with other probiotics play a role in the prevention of infantile eczema. There is insufficient evidence to recommend single use of lactic acid bacteria for prevention of eczema. Further studies are required to determine whether the findings are reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Ling Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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31
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Vendrell D, Balcázar JL, de Blas I, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, Gironés O, Luis Múzquiz J. Protection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from lactococcosis by probiotic bacteria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 31:337-45. [PMID: 17532470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the effect of probiotic supplementation on the control of lactococcosis in rainbow trout. Probiotic strains Leuconostoc mesenteroides CLFP 196 and Lactobacillus plantarum CLFP 238 were administered orally to fish for 30 days at 10(7) CFU g(-1) feed. Thirty days after the start of the probiotic feeding, fish were challenged with Lactococcus garvieae. Probiotic supplementation reduced fish mortality significantly, from 78% in the control group to 46-54% in the probiotic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vendrell
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, University of Zaragoza, c/. Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
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32
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Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is an important pathogen in aquaculture, outbreaks of which significantly affect production. It is a rare pathogen with a low virulence in human infection. The relation between the aquaculture outbreak and the human infection has not been clarified. Prospective and retrospective epidemiologic surveillance of the four patients with L. garvieae infection between 2000 and 2003 and their relations to the aquaculture outbreaks of L. garvieae were conducted. All the four patients with L. garvieae infection were associated with gastrointestinal disorders. Three of the four patients gave a history of consuming raw fish and in three of the four patients, the infection occurred in summer between June and August while there is a decrease of fisheries production and an increase in L. garvieae infection in aquaculture farms. There was a 100% identity of 16S rDNA sequence of L. garvieae isolates from patient 1 and from the squid muscle obtained from the restaurant where patient 1 consumed the raw fish. Sporadic occurrence of L. garvieae infection in human appears to correlate with the seasonal aquaculture outbreaks of L. garvieae infection. The presence of gastro-intestinal disorder may facilitate L. garvieae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y C Wang
- Second Section of Cardiology, Department fo Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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33
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Abstract
Bacterial biodiversity occurring in traditional Egyptian soft Domiati cheese was studied by PCR-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE) and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Bands were identified using a reference species database (J.-C. Ogier et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:5628-5643, 2004); de novo bands having nonidentified migration patterns were identified by DNA sequencing. Results reveal a novel bacterial profile and extensive bacterial biodiversity in Domiati cheeses, as reflected by the numerous bands present in TTGE and DGGE patterns. The dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) identified were as follows: Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus garvieae, Aerococcus viridans, Lactobacillus versmoldensis, Pediococcus inopinatus, and Lactococcus lactis. Frequent non-LAB species included numerous coagulase-negative staphylococci, Vibrio spp., Kocuria rhizophila, Kocuria kristinae, Kocuria halotolerans, Arthrobacter spp./Brachybacterium tyrofermentans. This is the first time that the majority of these species has been identified in Domiati cheese. Nearly all the dominant and frequent bacterial species are salt tolerant, and several correspond to known marine bacteria. As Domiati cheese contains 5.4 to 9.5% NaCl, we suggest that these bacteria are likely to have an important role in the ripening process. This first systematic study of the microbial composition of Domiati cheeses reveals great biodiversity and evokes a role for marine bacteria in determining cheese type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Baradei
- Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Aflaton Street, El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt.
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34
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Lafrance JP, Madore F, Quérin S. Lactococcus cremoris peritonitis in a CAPD patient. Perit Dial Int 2006; 26:716-7. [PMID: 17047242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
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35
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Abstract
A single-stranded DNA, readily extracted from industrial discarded salmon milt, was used to prepare hydrogels and complex gels by cross-linking with gelatin and kappa-carrageenan, for the oral delivery of probiotic bacteria. The complex gels showed a higher protective capability over the hydrogels for approximately one log scale. However, the hydrogels were more stable during storage at 4 degrees C. The Lactobacillus and Lactococcus due to protection of the hydrogels could better tolerate to acid than the Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, food-graded hydrogels were prepared and optimized to a similar protective capability for future applications.
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36
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Yiu KH, Siu CW, To KKW, Jim MH, Lee KLF, Lau CP, Tse HF. A rare cause of infective endocarditis; Lactococcus garvieae. Int J Cardiol 2006; 114:286-7. [PMID: 16618510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Li JT, Lee PP, Chen OC, Cheng W, Kuo CM. Dopamine depresses the immune ability and increases susceptibility to Lactococcus garvieae in the freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2005; 19:269-280. [PMID: 15820127 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst (release of superoxide anion), superoxide dismutase activity, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to the pathogen Lactococcus garvieae were measured when freshwater giant prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii (16.2 +/- 2.1 g) were individually injected with saline, or dopamine at 0.5, 5.0, or 50.0 pmol prawn(-1). The results show that a transient period of immunosuppression occurred between 2 and 8 h after injection of dopamine for all immune parameters except circulating haemocytes and all immune parameters returned to control values within 8-16 h after receiving dopamine. Injection of dopamine also significantly increased the mortality of M. rosenbergii challenged with the pathogen L. garvieae. These results suggest that stress-inducing dopamine suppresses the immune system, which in turn promotes the susceptibility to L. garvieae in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Tong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
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38
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Guinane CM, Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP. Microbial solutions to microbial problems; lactococcal bacteriocins for the control of undesirable biota in food. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98:1316-25. [PMID: 15916645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Guinane
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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39
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Matthies C, Gössner A, Acker G, Schramm A, Drake HL. Lactovum miscens gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerotolerant, psychrotolerant, mixed-fermentative anaerobe from acidic forest soil. Res Microbiol 2004; 155:847-54. [PMID: 15567280 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An aerotolerant, psychrotolerant anaerobe, anNAG3, was isolated from an acidic forest floor solution (in situ pH of 4.5). Cells of anNAG3 stained Gram-positive did not form spores, and were not motile. Cells were ovoid, approximately 1 microm long and 0.7 microm wide, mostly in pairs, and contained a multi-layered cell wall and intracytoplasmic membranes. Growth was observed at pH 3.5-7.5 and 0-35 degrees C. Glucose, galactose, fructose, mannitol, glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, cellobiose, and maltose supported growth. Lactate, ethanol, formate, and acetate were end products. H(2) and CH(4) were not detected, and only very minor amounts of CO(2) were produced. The relative amount of a particular product was dependent on the substrate utilized, and product profiles indicated that (i) sugars were initially metabolized to pyruvate via glycolysis, and (ii) lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate-formate lyase were responsible for the subsequent metabolism of pyruvate. O(2) was not significantly utilized and was not toxic to growth. anNAG3 did not contain detectable membranous or cytoplasmic cytochromes. Nitrate, sulfate, and Fe(III) were not dissimilated. Thus, anNAG3 was characterized as an aerotolerant, non-acetogenic chemoorganotroph with a mixed-fermentative metabolism. The G + C content of the DNA was 37.6 mol%. The similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of anNAG3 to that of its closest phylogenetic relatives (which were in the genera Lactococcus and Streptococcus) approximated 88-89%, indicating that anNAG3 constitutes the type species of a new genus. Based on the collective properties of anNAG3, it is proposed that anNAG3 be termed Lactovum miscens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Matthies
- Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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40
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Abstract
AIMS This article reports a microbiological study of aerobic mesophilic bacteria that are present during the fermentation process of Miso. METHODS AND RESULTS Aerobic bacteria were enumerated and isolated from Miso during fermentation and divided into nine groups using traditional phenotypic tests. The strains were identified by biochemical analysis and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. They were identified as Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, Kocuria kristinae, Staphylococcus gallinarum and S. kloosii. All strains were sensitive to the bacteriocins produced by the lactic acid bacteria isolated from Miso. CONCLUSIONS The dominant species among the undesirable species throughout the fermentation process were B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens. It is suggested that bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria are effective in the growth prevention of aerobic bacteria in Miso. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study has provided useful information for controlling of bacterial flora during Miso fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Onda
- Food/Brewing Section, Yamanashi Industrial Technology Centre, Yamanashi, Japan.
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41
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Elotmani F, Revol-Junelles AM, Assobhei O, Millière JB. Characterization of anti-Listeria monocytogenes bacteriocins from Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from Raïb, a Moroccan traditional fermented milk. Curr Microbiol 2002; 44:10-7. [PMID: 11727035 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-001-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2001] [Accepted: 05/13/2001] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seventy-four samples of raïb, a Moroccan traditional fermented milk, were screened for their anti-Listeria monocytogenes activity. Nine lactic acid bacteria with antilisterial activity were isolated and identified as Lactococcus lactis [4], Enterococcus faecium [4], and E. faecalis [1]. Antibacterial spectra, determined against 45 target strains, led to the selection of four antibacterial-producing strains, which were further characterized. Their anti-microbial agents, inactivated by one or more proteases, were designed as bacteriocins. Lactococcin R9/2 and R10/1 showed the broadest range of inhibitory action. Anti-bacterial spectra and physico-chemical properties suggest that these bacteriocins were similar to nisin. Enterocin R69 had a specificity of action against Listeria spp., whereas Enterocin R18 had a broad spectrum of activity. Lc. lactis R9/2 and E. faecalis R18 were able to coagulate sterilised UHT milk at 30 degrees C in 24 h and induced a 2 log reduction in L. monocytogenes ATCC 15313 population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Elotmani
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib Doukkali, B.P. 20, 24000 El Jadida, Maroc
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42
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Abstract
Bacteriophages may be candidates as therapeutic agents in bacterial infections. Here we describe the protective effects of phages against experimentally induced bacterial infections of cultured fish and discuss the potential for phage therapy in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nakai
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
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43
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Kung L, Robinson JR, Ranjit NK, Chen JH, Golt CM, Pesek JD. Microbial populations, fermentation end-products, and aerobic stability of corn silage treated with ammonia or a propionic acid-based preservative. J Dairy Sci 2000; 83:1479-86. [PMID: 10908056 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)75020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of ammonia treatment on microbial populations during the fermentation of corn silage. We also compared the effects of ammonia to a preservative containing buffered propionic acid and other antifungal compounds on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. In the first experiment, whole-plant corn was ensiled without treatment or treated with ammonia-N to supply an additional 0.3% N (fresh-forage basis). The addition of ammonia immediately increased silage pH and had no effect on numbers of lactic acid bacteria, but delayed their growth compared with untreated silage. Numbers of enterobacteria declined more slowly, but numbers of yeasts and molds declined more quickly in silage treated with ammonia. During the early stages of ensiling, lactic acid increased more rapidly in untreated than in treated silage. The reverse was true for acetic acid concentrations. When exposed to air, growth of yeasts and molds was delayed in ammonia-treated silage. In a second experiment, various levels (0.1 to 0.3%, fresh weight) of ammonium-N or a preservative with buffered propionic acid were added to whole-plant corn and allowed to ensile for 106 d. Silage treated with ammonia had a greater ratio of L- to D-lactic acid than did other silages. Untreated silage was aerobically stable for 32.3 h, whereas the low (42 h) and moderate (52.7 h) concentrations of both additives numerically improved aerobic stability. High concentrations of ammonia-N (0.3%) or a buffered propionic acid preservative (0.3%), markedly improved the aerobic stability of corn silage (82 and 69 h for ammonia and propionic acid-treated silage, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kung
- Delaware Agriculture Experiment Station, Department of Animal & Food Sciences, College of Agricultural & Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark 19717-1303, USA.
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44
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Abstract
Although osteomyelitis is commonly caused by staphylococcal infection, the first case of a lumbar osteomyelitis secondary to Lactococcus garvieae is reported. The case was complicated by possible endocarditis of an aortic valve prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R James
- University College London Medical School, London, UK
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45
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Abstract
Several previous reviews have described different ways to enhance the flavor and texture of cheese, including use of live cells and nonviable attenuated cells as adjunct cultures. However, comparisons between viable and nonviable cultures were never discussed in these reviews. In addition, recent publications on adjunct cultures have not been covered in previous reviews. This article will survey the more recent work on adjunct cultures--with particular attention to whether the adjuncts contained viable or nonviable cells--and propose areas where additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El Soda
- Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt
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46
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Stoianova LG, Arkad'eva ZA. [Comparison of methods of storing lactic acid bacteria]. Mikrobiologiia 2000; 69:98-104. [PMID: 10808496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to elucidate how different methods of storage (immersing in mineral oil, lyophilization, and subculturing) of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Lactococcus affect their viability, antibiotic activity, and ability to accumulate organic acids. Storage of the lactic acid bacterium L. lactis subsp. lactis by immersion in mineral oil proved to be ineffective. Lyophilization allowed the survival of a sufficiently large number of cells, although their antibiotic activity somewhat decreased. The resuscitation of lyophilized bacteria by subculturing them in rich nutrient media, such as skim milk, led to the restoration of their physiological activity, including the effective antimicrobial spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Stoianova
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy gory, Russia
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47
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Eldar A, Ghittino C. Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae infections in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: similar, but different diseases. Dis Aquat Organ 1999; 36:227-231. [PMID: 10401588 DOI: 10.3354/dao036227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and macroscopic findings (anorexia, lethargy, loss of orientation and exophthalmia) indicate that Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcus garvieae infections of trout share some common features, but histopathology reveals notable differences between the 2 diseases. Meningitis and panophthalmitis are the main lesions among S. iniae infected trout, whereas L. garvieae infection results in a hyperacute systemic disease. Differences in the LD50s of the 2 pathogens and the sudden onset of signs and death correlate with the histopathological findings, indicating the severity of L. garvieae infection of trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eldar
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet-Dagan, Israel
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48
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Fujimura T, Fujii H, Ariizumi K, Minami T, Odagiri S, Koide S. Infected aneurysms--clinical study of 5 cases. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 1996; 21:25-31. [PMID: 9239801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The infected aneurysm has been assumed to be a disease with a poor prognosis due to the occurrence of aneurysmal ruptures and sepsis, in contrast to the outcome of atherosclerotic aneurysms. In the present study, we conducted surgical treatment on five patients with infected aneurysms (infected abdominal aortic aneurysm in three cases and iliac artery aneurysm in two cases). In particular, two of the three patients suffering from infected abdominal aortic aneurysms underwent extra-anatomic bypass and the remaining one case underwent vascular graft replacement in situ. In the two patients who underwent an extra-anatomic bypass, an aneurysm was found at the site of aortic stump closure. In the patient who underwent in situ replacement, wrapping was carried out using the omentum after vascular graft replacement, and the postoperative course was uneventful. Accordingly, we consider that the optimum primary therapeutic intervention for infected aneurysms is in situ revascularization followed by wrapping with the omentum after removal of the aneurysm and debridement of the surrounding infected tissue to the maximum extent possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujimura
- Department of Surgery I, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
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49
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Arendt EK, Daly C, Fitzgerald GF, van de Guchte M. Molecular characterization of lactococcal bacteriophage Tuc2009 and identification and analysis of genes encoding lysin, a putative holin, and two structural proteins. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:1875-83. [PMID: 8031083 PMCID: PMC201575 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.6.1875-1883.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage Tuc2009 is a temperate bacteriophage with a small isometric head and is isolated from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris UC509. The phage genome is packaged by a headful mechanism, giving rise to circularly permuted molecules with terminal redundancy. The unit genome size is approximately 39 kb. A map of the phage genome on which several determinants could be localized was constructed: pac, the site of initiation of DNA packaging; lys (1,287 bp), specifying the phage lysin; S (267 bp), specifying a putative holin; and mp1 (522 bp) and mp2 (498 bp), each specifying one of the phage's structural proteins. lys, S, mp1, and mp2 were further characterized. lys and S are partially overlapping and appear to be part of one operon. The lysin shows homology to the lysins of the Streptococcus pneumoniae phages Cp-9, Cp-1, and Cp-7. The putative holin, which is thought to be involved in the release of lysin from the cytoplasm, contains two strongly hydrophobic presumptive transmembrane domains and a highly charged C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Arendt
- National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland
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50
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Abstract
Intact bacteriophage of Lactococcus lactis were recovered from small volumes of lysate by centrifugation at 15,000 g without precipitation with polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride, or ultracentrifugation in a caesium chloride gradient. DNA was then extracted and purified by standard protocols. This DNA was readily digested with restriction endonucleases and used successfully in hybridization experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Brown
- New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Palmerston North
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