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Ham SH, Han MJ, Kim M. Chiral Materials for Optics and Electronics: Ready to Rise? MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:528. [PMID: 38675339 PMCID: PMC11052036 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Chiral materials have gained burgeoning interest in optics and electronics, beyond their classical application field of drug synthesis. In this review, we summarize the diverse chiral materials developed to date and how they have been effectively applied to optics and electronics to get an understanding and vision for the further development of chiral materials for advanced optics and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyeon Ham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea;
| | - Moon Jong Han
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Suzuki T, Morimoto K. Characterization of D-xylose isomerase from Shinella zoogloeoides NN6 and its application for producing D-allulose and two D-ketopentoses in a one-pot multi-step transformation. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2022; 68:175-183. [PMID: 35650024 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Researchers continue to search for efficient processes to reduce the production costs of rare sugars. In this paper, we report a novel D-xylose isomerase from Shinella zoogloeoides NN6 (SzXI) and its application for efficient rare sugar production. Purified SzXI did not show remarkable properties when compared with those of a previously reported D-xylose isomerase. However, NN6 was found to express inducible SzXI and constitutive D-allulose 3-epimerase (SzAE) when cultivated with D-xylose as the sole carbon source. These two enzymes were partially purified and immobilized onto HPA25L, an anion exchange resin. The co-immobilized SzXI and SzAE (i-XA) showed optimal activity at 65°C in sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and 90°C in sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5), respectively. i-XA produced D-ribulose via D-xylulose from D-xylose at a conversion ratio of D-xylose:D-xylulose:D-ribulose of 72:18:10. Furthermore, D-allulose was also produced via D-fructose using D-glucose as the substrate, with a D-allulose yield of 11.2%. This is the first report describing a bacterium expressing D-xylose isomerase and D-allulose 3-epimerase that converts readily available sugars such as D-glucose and D-xylose to rare sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Morimoto
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University
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3
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Tesfay MA, Win X, Lin H, Liu Y, Li C, Lin J, Lin J. Efficient L-xylulose production using whole-cell biocatalyst with NAD+ regeneration system through co-expression of xylitol dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase in Escherichia coli. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Tesfay MA, Wen X, Liu Y, Lin H, Chen L, Lin J, Lin J. Construction of recombinant Escherichia coli expressing xylitol-4-dehydrogenase and optimization for enhanced L-xylulose biotransformation from xylitol. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1021-1032. [PMID: 33481075 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
L-Xylulose is a rare ketopentose which inhibits α-glucosidase and is an indicator of hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. This pentose is also a precursor of other rare sugars such as L-xylose, L-ribose or L-lyxose. Recombinant E. coli expressing xylitol-4-dehydrogenase gene of Pantoea ananatis was constructed. A cost-effective culture media were used for L-xylulose production using the recombinant E. coli strain constructed. Response surface methodology was used to optimize these media components for L-xylulose production. A high conversion rate of 96.5% was achieved under an optimized pH and temperature using 20 g/L xylitol, which is the highest among the reports. The recombinant E. coli cells expressing the xdh gene were immobilized in calcium alginate to improve recycling of cells. Effective immobilization was achieved with 2% (w/v) sodium alginate and 3% (w/v) calcium chloride. The immobilized E. coli cells retained good stability and enzyme activity for 9 batches with conversion between 53 and 92% which would be beneficial for economical production of L-xylulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Angaw Tesfay
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huibin Lin
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Linxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianqiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jianqun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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5
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Han Q, Eiteman MA. Coupling xylitol dehydrogenase with NADH oxidase improves l-xylulose production in Escherichia coli culture. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 106:106-113. [PMID: 28859803 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli expressing NAD-dependent xylitol-4-dehydrogenase (XDH) from Pantoea ananatis and growing on glucose or glycerol converts xylitol to the rare sugar l-xylulose. Although blocking potential l-xylulose consumption (l-xylulosekinase, lyxK) or co-expression of the glycerol facilitator (glpF) did not significantly affect l-xylulose formation, co-expressing XDH with water-forming NADH oxidase (NOX) from Streptococcus pneumoniae increased l-xylulose formation in shake flasks when glycerol was the carbon source. Controlled batch processes at the 1L scale demonstrated that the final equilibrium l-xylulose/xylitol ratio was correlated to the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio, with 69% conversion of xylitol to l-xylulose and a yield of 0.88g l-xylulose/g xylitol consumed attained for MG1655/pZE12-xdh/pCS27-nox growing on glycerol. NADH oxidase was less effective at improving l-xylulose formation in the bioreactor than in shake flasks, likely as a result of an intrinsic maximum NAD+/NADH and l-xylulose/xylitol equilibrium ratio being attained. Intermittently feeding carbon source was ineffective at increasing the final l-xylulose concentration because introduction of carbon source was accompanied by a reduction in NAD+/NADH ratio. A batch process using 12g/L glycerol and 22g/L xylitol generated over 14g/L l-xylulose after 80h, corresponding to 65% conversion and a yield of 0.89g l-xylulose/g xylitol consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Mark A Eiteman
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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6
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Gao H, Khera E, Lee JK, Wen F. Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27166648 DOI: 10.3791/53944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently developed a simple, reusable and coupled whole-cell biocatalytic system with the capability of cofactor regeneration and biocatalyst immobilization for improved production yield and sustained synthesis. Described herewith is the experimental procedure for the development of such a system consisting of two E. coli strains that express functionally complementary enzymes. Together, these two enzymes can function co-operatively to mediate the regeneration of expensive cofactors for improving the product yield of the bioreaction. In addition, the method of synthesizing an immobilized form of the coupled biocatalytic system by encapsulation of whole cells in calcium alginate beads is reported. As an example, we present the improved biosynthesis of L-xylulose from L-arabinitol by coupling E. coli cells expressing the enzymes L-arabinitol dehydrogenase or NADH oxidase. Under optimal conditions and using an initial concentration of 150 mM L-arabinitol, the maximal L-xylulose yield reached 96%, which is higher than those reported in the literature. The immobilized form of the coupled whole-cell biocatalysts demonstrated good operational stability, maintaining 65% of the yield obtained in the first cycle after 7 cycles of successive re-use, while the free cell system almost completely lost the catalytic activity. Therefore, the methods reported here provides two strategies that could help improve the industrial production of L-xylulose, as well as other value-added compounds requiring the use of cofactors in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University
| | - Eshita Khera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University;
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan;
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7
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Meng Q, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W, Miao M. Advances in applications, metabolism, and biotechnological production of L-xylulose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:535-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Repeated production of l-xylulose by an immobilized whole-cell biocatalyst harboring l-arabinitol dehydrogenase coupled with an NAD+ regeneration system. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Yang J, Zhu Y, Li J, Men Y, Sun Y, Ma Y. Biosynthesis of rare ketoses through constructing a recombination pathway in an engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 112:168-80. [PMID: 25060350 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rare sugars have various known biological functions and potential for applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. Here we designed and constructed a recombination pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum, in which dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), an intermediate of the glycolytic pathway, and a variety of aldehydes were condensed to synthesize rare ketoses sequentially by rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhaD) and fructose-1-phosphatase (YqaB) obtained from Escherichia coli. A wild-type strain harboring this artificial pathway had the ability to produce D-sorbose and D-psicose using D-glyceraldehyde and glucose as the substrates. The tpi gene, encoding triose phosphate isomerase was further deleted, and the concentration of DHAP increased to nearly 20-fold relative to that of the wild-type. After additional optimization of expression levels from rhaD and yqaB genes and of the fermentation conditions, the engineered strain SY6(pVRTY) exhibited preferable performance for rare ketoses production. Its yield increased to 0.59 mol/mol D-glyceraldehyde from 0.33 mol/mol D-glyceraldehyde and productivity to 2.35 g/L h from 0.58 g/L h. Moreover, this strain accumulated 19.5 g/L of D-sorbose and 13.4 g/L of D-psicose using a fed-batch culture mode under the optimal conditions. In addition, it was verified that the strain SY6(pVRTY) meanwhile had the ability to synthesize C4, C5, C6, and C7 rare ketoses when a range of representative achiral and homochiral aldehydes were applied as the substrates. Therefore, the platform strain exhibited the potential for microbial production of rare ketoses and deoxysugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
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10
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Tiwari MK, Singh RK, Gao H, Kim T, Chang S, Kim HS, Lee JK. pH-rate profiles of l-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase from Hypocrea jecorina and its application in l-xylulose production. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:173-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Li Z, Gao Y, Nakanishi H, Gao X, Cai L. Biosynthesis of rare hexoses using microorganisms and related enzymes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2434-45. [PMID: 24367410 PMCID: PMC3869271 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare sugars, referred to as monosaccharides and their derivatives that rarely exist in nature, can be applied in many areas ranging from foodstuffs to pharmaceutical and nutrition industry, or as starting materials for various natural products and drug candidates. Unfortunately, an important factor restricting the utilization of rare sugars is their limited availability, resulting from limited synthetic methods. Nowadays, microbial and enzymatic transformations have become a very powerful tool in this field. This article reviews the biosynthesis and enzymatic production of rare ketohexoses, aldohexoses and sugar alcohols (hexitols), including D-tagatose, D-psicose, D-sorbose, L-tagatose, L-fructose, 1-deoxy-L-fructose, D-allose, L-glucose, L-talose, D-gulose, L-galactose, L-fucose, allitol, D-talitol, and L-sorbitol. New systems and robust catalysts resulting from advancements in genomics and bioengineering are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Li Cai
- Division of Mathematics and Science, University of South Carolina Salkehatchie, Walterboro, South Carolina, 29488, USA
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12
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Singh RK, Tiwari MK, Singh R, Haw JR, Lee JK. Immobilization of L-arabinitol dehydrogenase on aldehyde-functionalized silicon oxide nanoparticles for L-xylulose production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1095-104. [PMID: 24193245 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
L-Xylulose is a potential starting material for therapeutics. However, its translation into clinical practice has been hampered by its inherently low bioavailability. In addition, the high cost associated with the production of L-xylulose is a major factor hindering its rapid deployment beyond the laboratory. In the current study, L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase from Hypocrea jecorina (HjLAD), which catalyzes the conversion of L-arabinitol into L-xylulose, was immobilized onto various carriers, and the immobilized enzymes were characterized. HjLAD covalently immobilized onto silicon oxide nanoparticles showed the highest immobilization efficiency (94.7 %). This report presents a comparative characterization of free and immobilized HjLAD, including its thermostability and kinetic parameters. The thermostability of HjLAD immobilized on silicon oxide nanoparticles was more than 14.2-fold higher than free HjLAD; the t1/2 of HjLAD at 25 °C was enhanced from 190 min (free) to 45 h (immobilized). In addition, the immobilized HjLAD retained 94 % of its initial activity after 10 cycles. When the immobilized HjLAD was used to catalyze the biotransformation of L-arabinitol to L-xylulose, 66 % conversion and a productivity of 7.9 g · h(-1) · L(-1) were achieved. The enhanced thermostability and reusability of HjLAD suggest that immobilization of HjLAD onto silicon oxide nanoparticles has the potential for use in the industrial production of rare sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
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13
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Usvalampi A, Turunen O, Valjakka J, Pastinen O, Leisola M, Nyyssölä A. Production of l-xylose from l-xylulose using Escherichia coli l-fucose isomerase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 50:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Li Z, Cai L, Qi Q, Wang PG. Enzymatic synthesis of D-sorbose and D-psicose with aldolase RhaD: effect of acceptor configuration on enzyme stereoselectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7081-4. [PMID: 22018788 PMCID: PMC3210396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It was previously reported that DHAP-dependent aldolase RhaD selectively chooses L-glyceraldehyde from racemic glyceraldehyde to produce l-fructose exclusively. Contrastingly, we discovered that D-glyceraldehyde is also tolerated as an acceptor and the stereoselectivity of the enzyme is lost in the corresponding aldol addition. Furthermore, we applied this property to efficiently synthesize two rare sugars D-sorbose and D-psicose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Li Cai
- University of South Carolina Salkehatchie, Walterboro, SC 29488, USA
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
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15
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Usvalampi A, Kiviharju K, Leisola M, Nyyssölä A. Factors affecting the production of l-xylulose by resting cells of recombinant Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:1323-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Helanto M, Kiviharju K, Granström T, Leisola M, Nyyssölä A. Biotechnological production of l-ribose from l-arabinose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:77-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Habe H, Fukuoka T, Kitamoto D, Sakaki K. Glycerol Conversion to D-Xylulose by a Two-stage Microbial Reaction Using Candida parapsilosis and Gluconobacter oxydans. J Oleo Sci 2009; 58:595-600. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.58.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Helanto M, Kiviharju K, Leisola M, Nyyssölä A. Metabolic engineering of Lactobacillus plantarum for production of L-ribulose. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:7083-91. [PMID: 17873078 PMCID: PMC2074967 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01180-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Ribulose is a rare and expensive sugar that can be used as a precursor for the production of other rare sugars of high market value such as L-ribose. In this work we describe a production process for L-ribulose using L-arabinose, a common component of polymers of lignocellulosic materials, as the starting material. A ribulokinase-deficient mutant of the heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8826 was constructed. Expression of araA, which encodes the critical enzyme L-arabinose isomerase, was repressed by high glucose concentrations in batch cultivations. A fed-batch cultivation strategy was therefore used to maximize L-arabinose isomerase production during growth. Resting cells of the ribulokinase-deficient mutant were used for the production of L-ribulose. The isomerization of L-arabinose to L-ribulose was very unfavorable for L-ribulose formation. However, high L-ribulose yields were obtained by complexing the produced L-ribulose with borate. The process for L-ribulose production in borate buffer by resting cells was optimized using central composite designs. The experiment design suggested that the process has an optimal operation point around an L-arabinose concentration of 100 g liter(-1), a borate concentration of 500 mM, and a temperature of 48 degrees C, where the statistical software predicted an initial L-ribulose production rate of 29.1 g liter(-1) h(-1), a best-achievable process productivity of 14.8 g liter(-1) h(-1), and a conversion of L-arabinose to L-ribulose of 0.70 mol mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helanto
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 6100, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland.
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Production of l-xylulose from xylitol by a newly isolated strain of Bacillus pallidus Y25 and characterization of its relevant enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Poonperm W, Takata G, Ando Y, Sahachaisaree V, Lumyong P, Lumyong S, Izumori K. Efficient conversion of allitol to d-psicose by Bacillus pallidus Y25. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 103:282-5. [PMID: 17434433 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.103.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for conversion of allitol to D-psicose was achieved by a resting cell reaction of Bacillus pallidus Y25 for the first time. Notably, it was possible to produce D-allose and D-altrose from allitol directly via D-psicose by prolonging the reaction time. This method was applied for the preparation of D-psicose using the extract of Itea virginica as a starting material in this study. D-Psicose which is the absolutely key precursor for the production of other six carbon sugars could be obtained as the sole product at high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayoon Poonperm
- Rare Sugar Research Center and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa Univeristy, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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21
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Aarnikunnas JS, Pihlajaniemi A, Palva A, Leisola M, Nyyssölä A. Cloning and expression of a xylitol-4-dehydrogenase gene from Pantoea ananatis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:368-77. [PMID: 16391066 PMCID: PMC1352268 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.1.368-377.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pantoea ananatis ATCC 43072 mutant strain is capable of growing with xylitol as the sole carbon source. The xylitol-4-dehydrogenase (XDH) catalyzing the oxidation of xylitol to L-xylulose was isolated from the cell extract of this strain. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein was determined, and an oligonucleotide deduced from this peptide sequence was used to isolate the xylitol-4-dehydrogenase gene (xdh) from a P. ananatis gene library. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 795 bp, encoding the xylitol-4-dehydrogenase, followed by a 5' region of another open reading frame encoding an unknown protein. Results from a Northern analysis of total RNA isolated from P. ananatis ATCC 43072 suggested that xdh is transcribed as part of a polycistronic mRNA. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of the transcript confirmed the operon structure and suggested that xdh was the first gene of the operon. Homology searches revealed that the predicted amino acid sequence of the P. ananatis XDH shared significant identity (38 to 51%) with members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. The P. ananatis xdh gene was successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli, XDH was purified to homogeneity, and some of its enzymatic properties were determined. The enzyme had a preference for NAD+ as the cosubstrate, and in contrast to previous reports, the enzyme also showed a side activity for the D-form of xylulose. Xylitol was converted to L-xylulose with a high yield (>80%) by the resting recombinant cells, and the L-xylulose was secreted into the medium. No evidence of D-xylulose being synthesized by the recombinant cells was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Aarnikunnas
- Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Granström TB, Takata G, Morimoto K, Leisola M, Izumori K. l-Xylose and l-lyxose production from xylitol using Alcaligenes 701B strain and immobilized l-rhamnose isomerase enzyme. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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de Leder Kremer RM, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Naturally occurring monosaccharides: properties and synthesis. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2005; 59:9-67. [PMID: 15607763 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(04)59002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M de Leder Kremer
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Ahmed Z, Sasahara H, Bhuiyan SH, Saiki T, Shimonishi T, Takada G, Izumori K. Production of d-lyxose from d-glucose by microbial and enzymatic reactions. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 88:676-8. [PMID: 16232684 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)87100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/1999] [Accepted: 09/08/1999] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
D-arabitol was first prepared from D-glucose using Candida famata R28. The reaction gave 5.0% D-arabitol from 10.0% D-glucose. D-arabitol was then almost completely converted to D-xylulose using Acetobacter aceti IFO 3281. Finally, D-lyxose was prepared from D-xylulose enzymatically using L-ribose isomerase from toluene-treated cells of Acinetobacter sp. strain DL-28. The isomerization reaction progressed steadily and the concentration of D-xylulose increased from 1.0 to 10.0%. About 70% of D-xylulose was converted to D-lyxose in all cases. Separation of residual D-xylulose from the reaction mixture is very difficult to achieve by column chromatography, but D-xylulose could be selectively degraded easily using Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 0841. The product was crystallized and was confirmed to be D-lyxose by HPLC, 13C-NMR spectra, IR spectra analysis, and optical rotation measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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25
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Elsinghorst EA, Mortlock RP. Molecular cloning of the Escherichia coli B L-fucose-D-arabinose gene cluster. J Bacteriol 1994; 176:7223-32. [PMID: 7961494 PMCID: PMC197110 DOI: 10.1128/jb.176.23.7223-7232.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To metabolize the uncommon pentose D-arabinose, enteric bacteria often recruit the enzymes of the L-fucose pathway by a regulatory mutation. However, Escherichia coli B can grow on D-arabinose without the requirement of a mutation, using some of the L-fucose enzymes and a D-ribulokinase that is distinct from the L-fuculokinase of the L-fucose pathway. To study this naturally occurring D-arabinose pathway, we cloned and partially characterized the E. coli B L-fucose-D-arabinose gene cluster and compared it with the L-fucose gene cluster of E. coli K-12. The order of the fucA, -P, -I, and -K genes was the same in the two E. coli strains. However, the E. coli B gene cluster contained a 5.2-kb segment located between the fucA and fucP genes that was not present in E. coli K-12. This segment carried the darK gene, which encodes the D-ribulokinase needed for growth on D-arabinose by E. coli B. The darK gene was not homologous with any of the L-fucose genes or with chromosomal DNA from other D-arabinose-utilizing bacteria. D-Ribulokinase and L-fuculokinase were purified to apparent homogeneity and partially characterized. The molecular weights, substrate specificities, and kinetic parameters of these two enzymes were very dissimilar, which together with DNA hybridization analysis, suggested that these enzymes are not related. D-Arabinose metabolism by E. coli B appears to be the result of acquisitive evolution, but the source of the darK gene has not been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Elsinghorst
- Section of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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26
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Olsson L, Lindén T, Hahn-Hägerdal B. A rapid chromatographic method for the production of preparative amounts of xylulose. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Khan AR, Tokunaga H, Yoshida K, Izumori K. Conversion of xylitol to l-xylulose by Alcaligenes sp. 701B-cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(91)90062-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Izumori K, Yamakita M, Tsumura T, Kobayashi H. Production of d-psicose from d-talitol, d-tagatose or d-galactitol by Alcaligenes sp. 701B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(90)90025-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Enzymatic production and analysis of d-xylulose with a recirculating flow system and post-column liquid chromatographic detection using a co-immobilized enzyme reaction and a chemically modified electrode. Anal Chim Acta 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Pronk J, Bakker A, van Dam H, Straathof A, Scheffers W, van Dijken J. Preparation of D-xylulose from D-xylose. Enzyme Microb Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(88)90046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Morganella morganii ATCC 25829, Providencia stuartii ATCC 25827, Serratia marcescens ATCC 13880, and Erwinia sp. strain 4D2P were found to induce a xylitol dehydrogenase when grown on a xylitol-containing medium. The xylitol dehydrogenases were partially purified from the four strains, and those from M. morganii ATCC 25829, P. stuartii ATCC 25827, and S. marcescens ATCC 13880 were all found to oxidize xylitol to D-xylulose. These three enzymes had KmS for xylitol of 7.1 to 16.4 mM and molecular weights ranging from 130,000 to 155,000. In contrast, the xylitol dehydrogenase from Erwinia sp. strain 4D2P oxidized xylitol at the C-4 position to produce L-xylulose, had a Km for xylitol of 72 mM, and had a molecular weight of 102,000.
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