1
|
Wang L, Qi A, Liu J, Shen Y, Wang J. Comparative metabolic analysis of the adaptive Candida tropicalis to furfural stress response. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
2
|
Recent insights, applications and prospects of xylose reductase: a futuristic enzyme for xylitol production. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
3
|
Ruchala J, Sibirny AA. Pentose metabolism and conversion to biofuels and high-value chemicals in yeasts. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 45:6034013. [PMID: 33316044 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentose sugars are widespread in nature and two of them, D-xylose and L-arabinose belong to the most abundant sugars being the second and third by abundance sugars in dry plant biomass (lignocellulose) and in general on planet. Therefore, it is not surprising that metabolism and bioconversion of these pentoses attract much attention. Several different pathways of D-xylose and L-arabinose catabolism in bacteria and yeasts are known. There are even more common and really ubiquitous though not so abundant pentoses, D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose, the constituents of all living cells. Thus, ribose metabolism is example of endogenous metabolism whereas metabolism of other pentoses, including xylose and L-arabinose, represents examples of the metabolism of foreign exogenous compounds which normally are not constituents of yeast cells. As a rule, pentose degradation by the wild-type strains of microorganisms does not lead to accumulation of high amounts of valuable substances; however, productive strains have been obtained by random selection and metabolic engineering. There are numerous reviews on xylose and (less) L-arabinose metabolism and conversion to high value substances; however, they mostly are devoted to bacteria or the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review is devoted to reviewing pentose metabolism and bioconversion mostly in non-conventional yeasts, which naturally metabolize xylose. Pentose metabolism in the recombinant strains of S. cerevisiae is also considered for comparison. The available data on ribose, xylose, L-arabinose transport, metabolism, regulation of these processes, interaction with glucose catabolism and construction of the productive strains of high-value chemicals or pentose (ribose) itself are described. In addition, genome studies of the natural xylose metabolizing yeasts and available tools for their molecular research are reviewed. Metabolism of other pentoses (2-deoxyribose, D-arabinose, lyxose) is briefly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ruchala
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Andriy A Sibirny
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruchala J, Kurylenko OO, Dmytruk KV, Sibirny AA. Construction of advanced producers of first- and second-generation ethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and selected species of non-conventional yeasts (Scheffersomyces stipitis, Ogataea polymorpha). J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 47:109-132. [PMID: 31637550 PMCID: PMC6970964 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes progress in the construction of efficient yeast ethanol producers from glucose/sucrose and lignocellulose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the major industrial producer of first-generation ethanol. The different approaches to increase ethanol yield and productivity from glucose in S. cerevisiae are described. Construction of the producers of second-generation ethanol is described for S. cerevisiae, one of the best natural xylose fermenters, Scheffersomyces stipitis and the most thermotolerant yeast known Ogataea polymorpha. Each of these organisms has some advantages and drawbacks. S. cerevisiae is the primary industrial ethanol producer and is the most ethanol tolerant natural yeast known and, however, cannot metabolize xylose. S. stipitis can effectively ferment both glucose and xylose and, however, has low ethanol tolerance and requires oxygen for growth. O. polymorpha grows and ferments at high temperatures and, however, produces very low amounts of ethanol from xylose. Review describes how the mentioned drawbacks could be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ruchala
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Olena O Kurylenko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Kostyantyn V Dmytruk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Andriy A Sibirny
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Farias D, Maugeri Filho F. Co-culture strategy for improved 2G bioethanol production using a mixture of sugarcane molasses and bagasse hydrolysate as substrate. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
6
|
Transfer of plasmid into the pentose-fermenting yeast Pachysolen tannophilus. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 148:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Determinants of tolerance to inhibitors in hardwood spent sulfite liquor in genome shuffled Pachysolen tannophilus strains. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:811-34. [PMID: 26231071 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome shuffling was used to obtain Pachysolen tannophilus mutants with improved tolerance to inhibitors in hardwood spent sulfite liquor (HW SSL). Genome shuffled strains (GHW301, GHW302 and GHW303) grew at higher concentrations of HW SSL (80 % v/v) compared to the HW SSL UV mutant (70 % v/v) and the wild-type (WT) strain (50 % v/v). In defined media containing acetic acid (0.70-0.90 % w/v), GHW301, GHW302 and GHW303 exhibited a shorter lag compared to the acetic acid UV mutant, while the WT did not grow. Genome shuffled strains produced more ethanol than the WT at higher concentrations of HW SSL and an aspen hydrolysate. To identify the genetic basis of inhibitor tolerance, whole genome sequencing was carried out on GHW301, GHW302 and GHW303 and compared to the WT strain. Sixty single nucleotide variations were identified that were common to all three genome shuffled strains. Of these, 40 were in gene sequences and 20 were within 5 bp-1 kb either up or downstream of protein encoding genes. Based on the mutated gene products, mutations were grouped into functional categories and affected a variety of cellular functions, demonstrating the complexity of inhibitor tolerance in yeast. Sequence analysis of UV mutants (UAA302 and UHW303) from which GHW301, GHW302 and GHW303 were derived, confirmed the success of our cross-mating based genome shuffling strategy. Whole-genome sequencing analysis allowed identification of potential gene targets for tolerance to inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
Collapse
|
9
|
Deletion of hxk1 gene results in derepression of xylose utilization in Scheffersomyces stipitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:889-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A major problem in fermenting xylose in lignocellulosic substrates is the presence of glucose and mannose which inhibit xylose utilization. Previous studies showed that catabolite repression in some yeasts is associated with hexokinases and that deletion of one of these gene(s) could result in derepressed mutant strain(s). In this study, the hxk1 encoding hexokinase 1 in Scheffersomyces stipitis was disrupted. The ∆hxk1 SS6 strain retained the ability to utilize the main hexoses and pentoses commonly found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates as efficiently as the wild-type (WT) strain. SS6 also fermented the dominant sugars to ethanol; however, on xylose, the ∆hxk1 strain produced more xylitol and less ethanol than the WT. On mixed sugars, as expected the WT utilized glucose ahead of xylose and xylose utilization did not commence until all the glucose was consumed. In contrast, the ∆hxk1 mutant showed derepression in that it started to utilize xylose even when considerable glucose (about 1.72 %, w/v) remained in the medium. Similarly, mannose did not repress xylose utilization by the ∆hxk1 mutant and xylose and mannose were simultaneously utilized. The results are of interest in efforts to engineer yeast strains capable of efficiently utilizing glucose and xylose simultaneously for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
Collapse
|
10
|
Genetic improvement of native xylose-fermenting yeasts for ethanol production. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 42:1-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
11
|
Koivuranta KT, Ilmén M, Wiebe MG, Ruohonen L, Suominen P, Penttilä M. L-lactic acid production from D-xylose with Candida sonorensis expressing a heterologous lactate dehydrogenase encoding gene. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:107. [PMID: 25104116 PMCID: PMC4249597 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bioplastics, like polylactic acid (PLA), are renewable alternatives for petroleum-based plastics. Lactic acid, the monomer of PLA, has traditionally been produced biotechnologically with bacteria. With genetic engineering, yeast have the potential to replace bacteria in biotechnological lactic acid production, with the benefits of being acid tolerant and having simple nutritional requirements. Lactate dehydrogenase genes have been introduced to various yeast to demonstrate this potential. Importantly, an industrial lactic acid producing process utilising yeast has already been implemented. Utilisation of D-xylose in addition to D-glucose in production of biochemicals such as lactic acid by microbial fermentation would be beneficial, as it would allow lignocellulosic raw materials to be utilised in the production processes. Results The yeast Candida sonorensis, which naturally metabolises D-xylose, was genetically modified to produce L-lactic acid from D-xylose by integrating the gene encoding L-lactic acid dehydrogenase (ldhL) from Lactobacillus helveticus into its genome. In microaerobic, CaCO3-buffered conditions a C. sonorensis ldhL transformant having two copies of the ldhL gene produced 31 g l−1 lactic acid from 50 g l−1 D-xylose free of ethanol. Anaerobic production of lactic acid from D-xylose was assessed after introducing an alternative pathway of D-xylose metabolism, i.e. by adding a xylose isomerase encoded by XYLA from Piromyces sp. alone or together with the xylulokinase encoding gene XKS1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Strains were further modified by deletion of the endogenous xylose reductase encoding gene, alone or together with the xylitol dehydrogenase encoding gene. Strains of C. sonorensis expressing xylose isomerase produced L-lactic acid from D-xylose in anaerobic conditions. The highest anaerobic L-lactic acid production (8.5 g l−1) was observed in strains in which both the xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase encoding genes had been deleted and the xylulokinase encoding gene from S. cerevisiae was overexpressed. Conclusions Integration of two copies of the ldhL gene in C. sonorensis was sufficient to obtain good L-lactic acid production from D-xylose. Under anaerobic conditions, the ldhL strain with exogenous xylose isomerase and xylulokinase genes expressed and the endogenous xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase genes deleted had the highest L- lactic acid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari T Koivuranta
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deletion of the HXK2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enables mixed sugar fermentation of glucose and galactose in oxygen-limited conditions. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Mutants of the pentose-fermenting yeast Pachysolen tannophilus tolerant to hardwood spent sulfite liquor and acetic acid. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 105:29-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
De Bari I, De Canio P, Cuna D, Liuzzi F, Capece A, Romano P. Bioethanol production from mixed sugars by Scheffersomyces stipitis free and immobilized cells, and co-cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:591-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Ferreira D, Nobre A, Silva ML, Faria-Oliveira F, Tulha J, Ferreira C, Lucas C. XYLHencodes a xylose/H+symporter from the highly related yeast speciesDebaryomyces fabryiandDebaryomyces hansenii. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:585-96. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danielly Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Alexandra Nobre
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Marta Luisa Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Fábio Faria-Oliveira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Joana Tulha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Célia Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Cândida Lucas
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
dos Santos VC, Bragança CRS, Passos FJV, Passos FML. Kinetics of growth and ethanol formation from a mix of glucose/xylose substrate by Kluyveromyces marxianus UFV-3. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 103:153-61. [PMID: 22965752 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The fermentation of both glucose and xylose is important to maximize ethanol yield from renewable biomass feedstocks. In this article, we analyze growth, sugar consumption, and ethanol formation by the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus UFV-3 using various glucose and xylose concentrations and also under conditions of reduced respiratory activity. In almost all the conditions analyzed, glucose repressed xylose assimilation and xylose consumption began after glucose had been exhausted. A remarkable difference was observed when mixtures of 5 g L(-1) glucose/20 g L(-1) xylose and 20 g L(-1) glucose/20 g L(-1) xylose were used. In the former, the xylose consumption began immediately after the glucose depletion. Indeed, there was no striking diauxic phase, as observed in the latter condition, in which there was an interval of 30 h between glucose depletion and the beginning of xylose consumption. Ethanol production was always higher in a mixture of glucose and xylose than in glucose alone. The highest ethanol concentration (8.65 g L(-1)) and cell mass concentration (4.42 g L(-1)) were achieved after 8 and 74 h, respectively, in a mixture of 20 g L(-1) glucose/20 g L(-1) xylose. When inhibitors of respiration were added to the medium, glucose repression of xylose consumption was alleviated completely and K. marxianus was able to consume xylose and glucose simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valdilene Canazart dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture and Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Bura R, Vajzovic A, Doty SL. Novel endophytic yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain PTD3 I: production of xylitol and ethanol. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1003-11. [PMID: 22399239 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic yeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain PTD3, that was isolated from stems of hybrid poplar was found to be capable of production of xylitol from xylose, of ethanol from glucose, galactose, and mannose, and of arabitol from arabinose. The utilization of 30 g/L of each of the five sugars during fermentation by PTD3 was studied in liquid batch cultures. Glucose-acclimated PTD3 produced enhanced yields of xylitol (67% of theoretical yield) from xylose and of ethanol (84, 86, and 94% of theoretical yield, respectively) from glucose, galactose, and mannose. Additionally, this yeast was capable of metabolizing high concentrations of mixed sugars (150 g/L), with high yields of xylitol (61% of theoretical yield) and ethanol (83% of theoretical yield). A 1:1 glucose:xylose ratio with 30 g/L of each during double sugar fermentation did not affect PTD3's ability to produce high yields of xylitol (65% of theoretical yield) and ethanol (92% of theoretical yield). Surprisingly, the highest yields of xylitol (76% of theoretical yield) and ethanol (100% of theoretical yield) were observed during fermentation of sugars present in the lignocellulosic hydrolysate obtained after steam pretreatment of a mixture of hybrid poplar and Douglas fir. PTD3 demonstrated an exceptional ability to ferment the hydrolysate, overcome hexose repression of xylose utilization with a short lag period of 10 h, and tolerate sugar degradation products. In direct comparison, PTD3 had higher xylitol yields from the mixed sugar hydrolysate compared with the widely studied and used xylitol producer Candida guilliermondii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bura
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Anaerobic xylose fermentation by Spathaspora passalidarum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 94:205-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
20
|
Bajwa PK, Phaenark C, Grant N, Zhang X, Paice M, Martin VJJ, Trevors JT, Lee H. Ethanol production from selected lignocellulosic hydrolysates by genome shuffled strains of Scheffersomyces stipitis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9965-9. [PMID: 21890342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two genome-shuffled Scheffersomyces stipitis strains, GS301 and GS302, exhibiting improved tolerance to hardwood spent sulphite liquor, were tested for growth and fermentation performance on three wood hydrolysates: (a) steam-pretreated enzymatically hydrolyzed poplar hydrolysate from Mascoma Canada, (b) steam pretreated poplar hydrolysate from University of British Columbia Forest Products Biotechnology Laboratory, and (c) mixed hardwoods pre-hydrolysate from FPInnovations (FPI). In the FPI hydrolysate, the wild type (WT) died off within 25 h, while GS301 and GS302 survived beyond 100 h. In fermentation tests, GS301 and GS302 completely utilized glucose and xylose in each hydrolysate and produced 0.39-1.4% (w/v) ethanol. In contrast, the WT did not utilize or poorly utilized glucose and xylose and produced non-detectable to trace amounts of ethanol. The results demonstrated cross tolerance of the mutants to inhibitors in three different wood hydrolysates and reinforced the utility of mating-based genome shuffling approach in industrial yeast strain improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit K Bajwa
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumar S, Gummadi SN. Purification and biochemical characterization of a moderately halotolerant NADPH dependent xylose reductase from Debaryomyces nepalensis NCYC 3413. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9710-9717. [PMID: 21855330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A Xylose reductase (XR) from the halotolerant yeast, Debaryomyces nepalensis NCYC 3413 was purified to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 74 kDa with monomeric subunit of 36.4 kDa (MALDI-TOF/MS) and pI of 6.0. The enzyme exhibited its maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 45 °C (21.2U/mg). In situ gel digestion and peptide mass fingerprinting analysis showed 12-22% sequence homology with XR from other yeasts. Inhibition of the enzyme by DEPC (diethylpyrocarbonate) confirmed the presence of histidine residue in its active site. The enzyme exhibited high preference for pentoses over hexoses with greater catalytic efficiency for arabinose than xylose. The enzyme also showed absolute specificity with NADPH over NADH. The enzyme retained 90% activity with 100 mM of NaCl or KCl and 40% activity with 1 M KCl which suggest that the enzyme is moderately halotolerant and can be utilized for commercial production of xylitol under conditions where salts are present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sawan Kumar
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Xu P, Bura R, Doty SL. Genetic analysis of D-xylose metabolism by endophytic yeast strains of Rhodotorula graminis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:471-8. [PMID: 21931522 PMCID: PMC3168190 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel endophytic yeast strains, WP1 and PTD3, isolated from within the stems of poplar (Populus) trees, were genetically characterized with respect to their xylose metabolism genes. These two strains, belonging to the species Rhodotorula graminis and R. mucilaginosa, respectively, utilize both hexose and pentose sugars, including the common plant pentose sugar, D-xylose. The xylose reductase (XYL1) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL2) genes were cloned and characterized. The derived amino acid sequences of xylose reductase (XR) and xylose dehydrogenase (XDH) were 32%∼41% homologous to those of Pichia stipitis and Candida. spp., two species known to utilize xylose. The derived XR and XDH sequences of WP1 and PTD3 had higher homology (73% and 69% identity) with each other. WP1 and PTD3 were grown in single sugar and mixed sugar media to analyze the XYL1 and XYL2 gene regulation mechanisms. Our results revealed that for both strains, the gene expression is induced by D-xylose, and that in PTD3 the expression was not repressed by glucose in the presence of xylose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renata Bura
- School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon L. Doty
- School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Overcoming inhibitors in a hemicellulosic hydrolysate: improving fermentability by feedstock detoxification and adaptation of Pichia stipitis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:1939-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-0981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
25
|
Growth and ethanol fermentation ability on hexose and pentose sugars and glucose effect under various conditions in thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1573-86. [PMID: 21476140 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol fermentation ability of the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, which is able to utilize various sugars including glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose, was examined under shaking and static conditions at high temperatures. The yeast was found to produce ethanol from all of these sugars except for arabinose under a shaking condition but only from hexose sugars under a static condition. Growth and sugar utilization rate under a static condition were slower than those under a shaking condition, but maximum ethanol yield was slightly higher. Even at 40°C, a level of ethanol production similar to that at 30°C was observed except for galactose under a static condition. Glucose repression on utilization of other sugars was observed, and it was more evident at elevated temperatures. Consistent results were obtained by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose. The glucose effect was further examined at a transcription level, and it was found that KmGAL1 for galactokinase and KmXYL1 for xylose reductase for galactose and xylose/arabinose utilization, respectively, were repressed by glucose at low and high temperatures, but KmHXK2 for hexokinase was not repressed. We discuss the possible mechanism of glucose repression and the potential for utilization of K. marxianus in high-temperature fermentation with mixed sugars containing glucose.
Collapse
|
26
|
Slininger PJ, Thompson SR, Weber S, Liu ZL, Moon J. Repression of xylose-specific enzymes by ethanol in Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis and utility of repitching xylose-grown populations to eliminate diauxic lag. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1801-15. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
27
|
Bajwa PK, Pinel D, Martin VJ, Trevors JT, Lee H. Strain improvement of the pentose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis by genome shuffling. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 81:179-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
28
|
Dellweg H, Klein C, Prahl S, Rizzi M, Weigert B. Kinetics of ethanol production from D‐xylose by the yeastpichia stipitis. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08905439009549729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Dellweg
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie , Berlin 65, Seestraße 13 , D 1000
| | - C. Klein
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie , Berlin 65, Seestraße 13 , D 1000
| | - S. Prahl
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie , Berlin 65, Seestraße 13 , D 1000
| | - M. Rizzi
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie , Berlin 65, Seestraße 13 , D 1000
| | - B. Weigert
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie , Berlin 65, Seestraße 13 , D 1000
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bajwa PK, Shireen T, D'Aoust F, Pinel D, Martin VJ, Trevors JT, Lee H. Mutants of the pentose-fermenting yeastPichia stipitiswith improved tolerance to inhibitors in hardwood spent sulfite liquor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 104:892-900. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Genome sequencing and subsequent global gene expression studies have advanced our understanding of the lignocellulose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis. These studies have provided an insight into its central carbon metabolism, and analysis of its genome has revealed numerous functional gene clusters and tandem repeats. Specialized physiological traits are often the result of several gene products acting together. When coinheritance is necessary for the overall physiological function, recombination and selection favor colocation of these genes in a cluster. These are particularly evident in strongly conserved and idiomatic traits. In some cases, the functional clusters consist of multiple gene families. Phylogenetic analyses of the members in each family show that once formed, functional clusters undergo duplication and differentiation. Genome-wide expression analysis reveals that regulatory patterns of clusters are similar after they have duplicated and that the expression profiles evolve along with functional differentiation of the clusters. Orthologous gene families appear to arise through tandem gene duplication, followed by differentiation in the regulatory and coding regions of the gene. Genome-wide expression analysis combined with cross-species comparisons of functional gene clusters should reveal many more aspects of eukaryotic physiology.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sampaio FC, de Faria JT, Coimbra JSR, Lopes Passos FM, Converti A, Minin LA. Xylose reductase activity in Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-170 cultivated in semi-synthetic medium and cotton husk hemicellulose hydrolyzate. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 32:747-54. [PMID: 19184115 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-009-0299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To develop a new enzymatic xylose-to-xylitol conversion, deeper knowledge on the regulation of xylose reductase (XR) is needed. To this purpose, a new strain of Debaryomyces hansenii (UFV-170), which proved a promising xylitol producer, was cultivated in semi-synthetic media containing different carbon sources, specifically three aldo-hexoses (D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose), a keto-hexose (D-fructose), a keto-pentose (D-xylose), three aldo-pentoses (D-arabinose, L-arabinose and D-ribose), three disaccharides (maltose, lactose and sucrose) and a pentitol (xylitol). The best substrate was lactose on which cell concentration reached about 20 g l(-1) dry weight (DW), while the highest specific growth rates (0.58-0.61 h(-1)) were detected on lactose, D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose. The highest specific activity of XR (0.24 U mg(-1)) was obtained in raw extracts of cells grown on D-xylose and harvested in the stationary growth phase. When grown on cotton husk hemicellulose hydrolyzates, cells exhibited XR activities five to seven times higher than on semi-synthetic media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Coelho Sampaio
- Food Technology Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36571-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
da Cunha MAA, Converti A, Santos JC, Ferreira STS, da Silva SS. PVA-Hydrogel Entrapped Candida Guilliermondii for Xylitol Production from Sugarcane Hemicellulose Hydrolysate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 157:527-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
33
|
Chu BCH, Lee H. Genetic improvement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for xylose fermentation. Biotechnol Adv 2007; 25:425-41. [PMID: 17524590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in recent years in the bioconversion of forestry and agricultural residues into ethanol and value-added chemicals. High ethanol yields from lignocellulosic residues are dependent on efficient use of all the available sugars including glucose and xylose. The well-known fermentative yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred microorganism for ethanol production, but unfortunately, this yeast is unable to ferment xylose. Over the last 15 years, this yeast has been the subject of various research efforts aimed at improving its ability to utilize xylose and ferment it to ethanol. This review examines the research on S. cerevisiae strains that have been genetically modified or adapted to ferment xylose to ethanol. The current state of these efforts and areas where further research is required are identified and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byron C H Chu
- University of Guelph, Department of Environmental Biology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lebeau T, Jouenne T, Junter GA. Long-term incomplete xylose fermentation, after glucose exhaustion, with Candida shehatae co-immobilized with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Res 2007; 162:211-8. [PMID: 16959480 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida shehatae were co-immobilized in an agar sheet which was introduced in an original two-chambered bioreactor asymmetrically fed in a batch mode with a mixture of glucose and xylose in a ratio of 35:15. The two sugars were consumed simultaneously. All glucose was fermented but only 20% of xylose. After incubation, yeast cells recovered from different areas of the agar sheet (close to, called Hi, and distant from, called Ho, the substrate chamber) were cultured as suspended cells in fresh culture medium provided with xylose or the sugar mixture. Xylose utilization by gel released Hi yeasts was significantly delayed compared to the Ho culture. Ethanol consumption by Hi yeasts in the two-substrate medium occurred after glucose exhaustion despite the presence of xylose. The waste medium resulting from incubation of the immobilized-cell structure inhibited xylose utilization by C. shehatae. Our results suggested that batch fermentation most probably favoured this incomplete xylose fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Lebeau
- UMR 6522 CNRS, UFR Sciences, University of Rouen, F76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cunha MAA, Rodrigues RCB, Santos JC, Converti A, da Silva SS. Repeated-Batch Xylitol Bioproduction Using Yeast Cells Entrapped in Polyvinyl Alcohol–Hydrogel. Curr Microbiol 2007; 54:91-6. [PMID: 17211545 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Xylose-to-xylitol conversion was investigated in a bench-scale bioreactor using Candida guilliermondii cells entrapped within polyvinyl alcohol-hydrogel beads in a system operated in repeated-batch mode with cell recycling. Yeast-viable cells were immobilized in the support using the freezing-thawing method. Bioconversion assays were performed in a stirred tank reactor operated at 400-rpm agitation speed, 30 degrees C temperature, and 1.04-vvm air flow rate. The system was explored during six successive cycles, and a small decrease in the conversion performance in the fifth cycle was observed, but the biocatalytic activity of the microorganism was recovered in the sixth cycle after washing the particles. During the process, the hydrogel beads maintained their shape and size without appreciable deterioration. Xylitol production, yield factor, and volumetric productivity increased with progressive recycling of cells and achieved their maximum values (P(F) = 39.7 g l(-1); Y(P/S) = 0.77 g g(-1); Q(P) = 0.53 g l(-1) h(-1), respectively) after the third cell recycling, probably because of cells' adaptation to the medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A A Cunha
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Lorena, Rodovia Itajubá-Lorena, Km 74.5, C.P. 116, 12600-970, Lorena-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mussatto SI, Silva CJSM, Roberto IC. Fermentation performance of Candida guilliermondii for xylitol production on single and mixed substrate media. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:681-6. [PMID: 16541249 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2005] [Revised: 02/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Semidefined media fermentation simulating the sugar composition of hemicellulosic hydrolysates (around 85 g l(-1) xylose, 17 g l(-1) glucose, and 9 g l(-1) arabinose) was investigated to evaluate the glucose and arabinose influence on xylose-to-xylitol bioconversion by Candida guilliermondii. The results revealed that glucose reduced the xylose consumption rate by 30%. Arabinose did not affect the xylose consumption but its utilization by the yeast was fully repressed by both glucose and xylose sugars. Arabinose was only consumed when it was used as a single carbon source. Xylitol production was best when glucose was not present in the fermentation medium. On the other hand, the arabinose favored the xylitol yield (which attained 0.74 g g(-1) xylose consumed) and it did not interfere with xylitol volumetric productivity (Q(P) = 0.85 g g(-1)), the value of which was similar to that obtained with xylose alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solange I Mussatto
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Engenharia Química de Lorena, Rodovia Itajubá-Lorena, km 74,5, Cx. Postal 116, Cep: 12600-970 Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ko BS, Jung HC, Kim JH. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of NAD+-Dependent Xylitol Dehydrogenase fromCandida tropicalisATCC 20913. Biotechnol Prog 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/bp060263i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
38
|
Hahn-Hägerdal B, Wahlbom CF, Gárdonyi M, van Zyl WH, Cordero Otero RR, Jönsson LJ. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for xylose utilization. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002; 73:53-84. [PMID: 11816812 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45300-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanolic fermentation of xylose is summarized with emphasis on progress made during the last decade. Advances in xylose transport, initial xylose metabolism, selection of host strains, transformation and classical breeding techniques applied to industrial polyploid strains as well as modeling of xylose metabolism are discussed. The production and composition of the substrates--lignocellulosic hydrolysates--is briefly summarized. In a future outlook iterative strategies involving the techniques of classical breeding, quantitative physiology, proteomics, DNA micro arrays, and genetic engineering are proposed for the development of efficient xylose-fermenting recombinant strains of S. cerevisiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Hahn-Hägerdal
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Belkacemi K, Turcotte G, Savoie P. Aqueous/Steam-Fractionated Agricultural Residues as Substrates for Ethanol Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Belkacemi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - G. Turcotte
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - P. Savoie
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rodrigues R, Felipe M, Silva JE, Vitolo M, Gómez P. The influence of pH, temperature and hydrolyzate concentration on the removal of volatile and nonvolatile compounds from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolyzate treated with activated charcoal before or after vacuum evaporation. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322001000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - P.V. Gómez
- Instituto Cubano de Investigaciones de los Derivados de la Caña de Azúcar, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ikeuchi T, Kiritani R, Azuma M, Ooshima H. Effect of D-glucose on induction of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase in Candida tropicalis in the presence of NaCl. J Basic Microbiol 2001; 40:167-75. [PMID: 10957958 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4028(200007)40:3<167::aid-jobm167>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Xylitol production is suppressed by D-glucose. We previously reported that the suppression was abrogated in the presence of NaCl. This was explained in part by high levels of xylose reductase (XR) activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of D-glucose on XR and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) induction in Candida tropicalis in the presence of NaCl. We examined the time courses of these activities under the following conditions: 50 mg/ml D-xylose, 20-80 mg/ml D-glucose and 40 mg/ml NaCl. The level of XR increased in the presence of 40 mg/ml NaCl, whereas that of XDH was not affected by NaCl. The effects of NaCl upon XR and XDH induction suggest that the synthesis of both enzymes is not under a coordinate control. The expression of XR is suppressed by D-glucose. In the absence of NaCl, suppression continued even after D-glucose was completely consumed, while in the presence of 40 mg/ml NaCl, suppression stopped after the consumption of D-glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ikeuchi
- Department of Bioapplied Chemistry, Osaka City University, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tavares JM, Duarte LC, Amaral-Collaço MT, Gírio FM. The influence of hexoses addition on the fermentation of d-xylose in Debaryomyces hansenii under continuous cultivation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 26:743-747. [PMID: 10862880 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of hexoses (glucose and galactose) addition to the feed xylose mineral medium of Debaryomyces hansenii chemostat cultures grown at a constant dilution rate of 0.055 h(-1) was studied. Xylitol was the major product detected amongst all tested conditions. The maximal values for xylitol yield and volumetric productivity (0.56 gg(-1) xylose and 0.21 gl(-1)h(-1), respectively) were obtained for a glucose/xylose feeding ratio of 10%, showing that the addition of small amounts of glucose, but not galactose, enhanced the xylitol production. A xylitol yield increase of 30%, compared with the sole xylose-containing feed medium, was observed. It was found that the oxygen requirement for D. hansenii growth is lower under glucose compared with xylose. Ethanol and glycerol were only produced for glucose/xylose feeding ratio above 30%. The byproducts accumulation was correlated with glucose metabolism, because a direct relationship between the increase of ethanol (and glycerol) concentration and the increase of glucose in the feed medium was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JM Tavares
- Unidade de Microbiologia Industrial e Bioprocessos, Departamento de Biotecnologia, IBQTA, INETI, Azinhaga dos Lameiros 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee TY, Kim MD, Kim KY, Park K, Ryu YW, Seo JH. A parametric study on ethanol production from xylose byPichia stipitis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02932349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
44
|
Chandrakant P, Bisaria VS. Simultaneous bioconversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to ethanol. Crit Rev Biotechnol 1999; 18:295-331. [PMID: 9887507 DOI: 10.1080/0738-859891224185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin as their main constituents are the most abundant renewable organic resource present on Earth. The conversion of both cellulose and hemicellulose for production of fuel ethanol is being studied intensively with a view to develop a technically and economically viable bioprocess. The fermentation of glucose, the main constituent of cellulose hydrolyzate, to ethanol can be carried out efficiently. On the other hand, although bioconversion of xylose, the main pentose sugar obtained on hydrolysis of hemicellulose, to ethanol presents a biochemical challenge, especially if it is present along with glucose, it needs to be fermented to make the biomass-to-ethanol process economical. A lot of attention therefore has been focussed on the utilization of both glucose and xylose to ethanol. Accordingly, while describing the advancements that have taken place to get xylose converted efficiently to ethanol by xylose-fermenting organisms, the review deals mainly with the strategies that have been put forward for bioconversion of both the sugars to achieve high ethanol concentration, yield, and productivity. The approaches, which include the use of (1) xylose-fermenting yeasts alone, (2) xylose isomerase enzyme as well as yeast, (3) immobilized enzymes and cells, and (4) sequential fermentation and co-culture process are described with respect to their underlying concepts and major limitations. Genetic improvements in the cultures have been made either to enlarge the range of substrate utilization or to channel metabolic intermediates specifically toward ethanol. These contributions represent real significant advancements in the field and have also been adequately dealt with from the point of view of their impact on utilization of both cellulose and hemicellulose sugars to ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chandrakant
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Silva SS, Felipe MG, Mancilha IM. Factors that affect the biosynthesis of xylitol by xylose-fermenting yeasts. A review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1998; 70-72:331-9. [PMID: 9627388 DOI: 10.1007/bf02920149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xylitol is a sweetener with important technological properties like anticariogenicity, low caloric value, and negative dissolution heat. Because it can be used successfully in food formulations and pharmaceutical industries, its production is in great demand. Xylitol can be obtained by microbiological process, since many yeasts and filamentous fungi synthesize the xylose reductase enzyme, which catalyses the xylose reduction into xylitol as the first step in the xylose metabolism. The xylitol production by biotechnological means has several economic advantages in comparison with the conventional process based on the chemical reduction of xylose. The efficiency and the productivity of this fermentation chiefly depends upon the microorganism and the process conditions employed. In this mini-review, the most significant upstream parameters on xylitol production by biotechnological process are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering of Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
Kern M, Nidetzky B, Kulbe KD, Haltrich D. Effect of nitrogen sources on the levels of aldose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities in the xylose-fermenting yeast Candida tenuis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0922-338x(97)86767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
49
|
Meyrial V, Delgenes JP, Davison J, Salmon JM, Moletta R, Gounot AM. Relationship Between Effect of Ethanol on Proton Flux Across Plasma Membrane and Ethanol Tolerance, inPichia stipitis. Anaerobe 1997; 3:423-9. [PMID: 16887618 DOI: 10.1006/anae.1997.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/1997] [Accepted: 08/19/1997] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pichia stipitis efficiently converts glucose or xylose into ethanol but is inhibited by ethanol concentrations exceeding 30 g/L. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ethanol has been shown to alter the movement of protons into and out of the cell. In P. stipitis the passive entry of protons into either glucose- or xylose-grown cells is unaffected at physiological ethanol concentrations. In contrast, active proton extrusion is affected differentially by ethanol, depending on the carbon source catabolized. In fact, in glucose-grown cells, the H(+)-extrusion rate is reduced by low ethanol concentrations, whereas, in xylose-grown cells, the H(+)-extrusion rate is reduced only at non-physiological ethanol concentrations. Thus, the ethanol inhibitory effect on growth and ethanol production, in glucose-grown cells, is probably caused by a reduction in H(+)-extrusion. Comparison of the rates of H(+)-flux with the related in vitro H(+)-ATPase activity suggests a new mechanism for the regulation of the proton pumping plasma membrane ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) of P. stipitis, by both glucose and ethanol. Glucose activates both the ATP hydrolysis and the proton-pumping activities of the H(+)-ATPase, whereas ethanol causes an uncoupling between the ATP hydrolysis and the proton-pumping activities. This uncoupling may well be the cause of ethanol induced growth inhibition of glucose grown P. stipitis cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Meyrial
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Heinrich Heine Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, -40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fermentation of hemicellulosic sugars and sugar mixtures to xylitol by Candida parapsilosis. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|