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Hlebová M, Hleba L, Medo J, Uzsakova V, Kloucek P, Bozik M, Haščík P, Čuboň J. Antifungal and Antitoxigenic Effects of Selected Essential Oils in Vapors on Green Coffee Beans with Impact on Consumer Acceptability. Foods 2021; 10:2993. [PMID: 34945545 PMCID: PMC8701977 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of selected essential oils thyme chemotype linalool (Thymus zygis L.), thyme chemotype tymol (Thymus vulgaris L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), mint (Mentha piperita L.), almond (Prunbus dulcis Mill.), cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees), litsea (Litsea cubeba Lour. Pers), lemongrass (Cympogon citrati L. Stapf), and ginger (Zingiber officinalis Rosc.) in the vapor phase on growth, sporulation, and mycotoxins production of two Aspergillus strains (Aspergillus parasiticus CGC34 and Aspergillus ochraceus CGC87), important postharvest pathogens of green and roasted coffee beans. Moreover, the effect of the essential oils (EOs) on the sensory profile of the coffee samples treated with EOs was evaluated. The major components of tested EOs were determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results showed that almond, cinnamon bark, lemongrass, and litsea EOs are able to significantly inhibit the growth, sporulation, and mycotoxins production by toxigenic fungi. Sensory evaluation of coffee beans treated with EOs before and after roasting showed that some EOs (except lemongrass and litsea) do not adversely affect the taste and aroma of coffee beverages. Thus, application of the vapors of almond and cinnamon EOs appears to be an effective way that could serve to protect coffee during its transport and storage from toxigenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Hlebová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Hleba
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (L.H.); (J.M.); (V.U.)
| | - Juraj Medo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (L.H.); (J.M.); (V.U.)
| | - Viktoria Uzsakova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (L.H.); (J.M.); (V.U.)
| | - Pavel Kloucek
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague–Suchdol, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Matej Bozik
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague–Suchdol, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Peter Haščík
- Institute of Food science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Juraj Čuboň
- Institute of Food science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Valková V, Ďúranová H, Galovičová L, Vukovic NL, Vukic M, Kačániová M. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Lavender, Mint, and Rosemary Essential Oils and the Effect of Their Vapours on Growth of Penicillium spp. in a Bread Model System. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133859. [PMID: 34202776 PMCID: PMC8270289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties of three commercially available essential oils: rosemary (REO), lavender (LEO), and mint (MEO), were determined in the current study. Our data revealed that the major components of REO, MEO, and LEO were 1,8-cineole (40.4%), menthol (40.1%), and linalool acetate (35.0%), respectively. The highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity was identified in MEO (36.85 ± 0.49%) among the investigated EOs. Regarding antimicrobial activities, we found that LEO had the strongest inhibitory efficiencies against the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida (C.) tropicalis, MEO against Salmonella (S.) enterica, and REO against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. The strongest antifungal activity was displayed by mint EO, which totally inhibited the growth of Penicillium (P.) expansum and P. crustosum in all concentrations; the growth of P. citrinum was completely suppressed only by the lowest MEO concentration. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against S. enterica, S. aureus, and C. krusei were assessed for MEO. In situ analysis on the bread model showed that 125 µL/L of REO exhibited the lowest mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) of P. citrinum, and 500 µL/L of MEO caused the highest MGI of P. crustosum. Our results allow us to make conclusion that the analysed EOs have promising potential for use as innovative agents in the storage of bakery products in order to extend their shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Valková
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, The Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Fruit Sciences, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (M.K.); Tel.: +421-37-641-4928 (V.V.); +421-37-641-4715 (M.K.)
| | - Hana Ďúranová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, The Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Lucia Galovičová
- Department of Fruit Sciences, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Nenad L. Vukovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.L.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Milena Vukic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (N.L.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Fruit Sciences, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (M.K.); Tel.: +421-37-641-4928 (V.V.); +421-37-641-4715 (M.K.)
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Shreaz S, Wani WA, Behbehani JM, Raja V, Irshad M, Karched M, Ali I, Siddiqi WA, Hun LT. Cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives, a novel class of antifungal agents. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:116-31. [PMID: 27259370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have seen an alarming rise in fungal infections, which currently represent a global health threat. Despite extensive research towards the development of new antifungal agents, only a limited number of antifungal drugs are available in the market. The routinely used polyene agents and many azole antifungals are associated with some common side effects such as severe hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Also, antifungal resistance continues to grow and evolve and complicate patient management, despite the introduction of new antifungal agents. This suitation requires continuous attention. Cinnamaldehyde has been reported to inhibit bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous molds via the inhibition of ATPases, cell wall biosynthesis, and alteration of membrane structure and integrity. In this regard, several novel cinnamaldehyde derivatives were synthesized with the claim of potential antifungal activities. The present article describes antifungal properties of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives against diverse classes of pathogenic fungi. This review will provide an overview of what is currently known about the primary mode of action of cinnamaldehyde. Synergistic approaches for boosting the effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives have been highlighted. Also, a keen analysis of the pharmacologically active systems derived from cinnamaldehyde has been discussed. Finally, efforts were made to outline the future perspectives of cinnamaldehyde-based antifungal agents. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge about the antifungal properties and antifungal mode of action of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives and to identify research avenues that can facilitate implementation of cinnamaldehyde as a natural antifungal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shreaz
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Waseem A Wani
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jawad M Behbehani
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Vaseem Raja
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), P.O. Box 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Irshad
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Maribasappa Karched
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Intzar Ali
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Weqar A Siddiqi
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), P.O. Box 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Lee Ting Hun
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Dimić G, Kocić-Tanackov S, Mojović L, Pejin J. Antifungal Activity of Lemon Essential Oil, Coriander and Cinnamon Extracts on Foodborne Molds in Direct Contact and the Vapor Phase. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Dimić
- Faculty of Technology; University of Novi Sad; Bulevar cara Lazara 1 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia
| | - Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov
- Faculty of Technology; University of Novi Sad; Bulevar cara Lazara 1 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Mojović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy; University of Belgrade; Beograd Serbia
| | - Jelena Pejin
- Faculty of Technology; University of Novi Sad; Bulevar cara Lazara 1 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia
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Teixeira ABA, Moretti ML, Machado HC, Nishimura K, Taguchi H, Schreiber AZ. Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of amphotericin B on the apical growth ofF. solaniusing the BioCell-Tracer®System. Mycoses 2007; 50:183-8. [PMID: 17472613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The BioCell-Tracer (BCT) system is an automatic microscopic method used for measuring the growth rate of a single fungal hyphae, which has not yet been applied to study Fusarium spp. Considering the large resistance of Fusarium species to the available chemotherapy and that hyphae is the morphological fungal form most often seen in vivo, in this work, Amphotericin B MIC and MFC values for a Fusarium solani strain were obtained by the conventional assay method testing conidia and also by the BCT monitoring system. Both MIC and MFC values of AMB against F. solani determined by broth dilution method resulted in 4.0 microg ml(-1). By the BCT system, their values were 1.0 microg ml(-1), with an inhibition rate of 99.5% (Exp-GR) and 100.0% (Post-GR), showing that when testing hyphae directly, MIC and MFC were determined at two lower dilutions than the MIC and MFC values obtained with conidia. Using the BCT system, 4.0, 2.0 and 1.0 microg ml(-1) of AMB concentrations inhibited hyphae growth in 50 min whereas 0.5 microg ml(-1) of AMB needed 100 min to start hyphae growth inhibition. These findings lead us to conclude that antifungal susceptibility varies between conidia and hyphae. For this strain of Fusarium solani, hyphae were more susceptible to AMB than conidia.
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Buenz EJ, Johnson HE, Beekman EM, Motley TJ, Bauer BA. Bioprospecting Rumphius's Ambonese Herbal: Volume I. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 96:57-70. [PMID: 15588651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Revised: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Collaborating with traditional healers remains a valid method for the identification of potential lead compounds for novel pharmaceuticals. However, the knowledge of these traditional healers is rapidly being lost. Historic herbal texts provide a unique window to identify plants whose specific uses are no longer known. We have identified nine plants in the 17th century Ambonese Herbal: Volume I which were documented as having medicinal properties but which have not been examined in the current literature. We demonstrate that by evaluating plant and herb efficacy reports from historic texts, in the context of comprehensive modern databases such as NAPRALERT, we can ultimately identify candidate specimens deserving further pharmacological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Buenz
- Complementary and Integrative Medicine Program, Mayo College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street NW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Guynot ME, Ramos AJ, Setó L, Purroy P, Sanchis V, Marín S. Antifungal activity of volatile compounds generated by essential oils against fungi commonly causing deterioration of bakery products. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 94:893-9. [PMID: 12694455 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the volatile fractions of 16 essential oils for activity against the more common fungi causing spoilage of bakery products, Eurotium amstelodami, E. herbariorum, E. repens, E. rubrum, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Penicillium corylophilum. METHODS AND RESULTS The study applied 50 microl of pure essential oils in a sterilized filter paper, were carried out at pH 6 and at different water activity levels (0.80-0.90). First, a wheat flour based agar medium was used, where cinnamon leaf, clove, bay, lemongrass and thyme essential oils where found to totally inhibit all microorganisms tested. These five essential oils were then tested in sponge cake analogues, but the antifungal activity detected was much more limited. CONCLUSION Five essential oils showed potential antifungal capacity against all species tested, over a wide range of water availability. Their activity, however, seems to be substrate-dependent. More research is needed to make them work in real bakery products, as in the preliminary study limited effectiveness was found. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The potential of the cinnamon leaf, clove, bay, lemongrass and thyme essential oils against species belonging to Eurotium, Aspergillus and Penicillium genus has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Guynot
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, Rovira Roure, Lleida, Spain
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Ansheng L, Taguchi H, Miyaji M, Nishimura K, Wu S. Study on the hyphal responses of Aspergillus fumigatus to the antifungal agent by Bio-Cell Tracer. Mycopathologia 2001; 148:17-23. [PMID: 11086481 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007199826225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The hyphal responses of an A. fumigatus isolate to a trizole derivative-fluconazole (FCZ) were studied with a Bio-Cell Tracer system. The numerical data were recorded as the original growth rate (Pre-GR), the time needed for FCZ reaching to its target in hypha (tau on), the growth rate under the FCZ effect (Exp-GR) and the growth rate after FCZ was removed (Post-GR). Based on above numerical data, the inhibitory rates in the exposure and post exposure periods were calculated as the Exp-I% and Post-I% values. It was found there were variable inhibitory rate values (I%) in individual hyphae corresponding to different FCZ concentrations. It was shown by correlation analysis of the numerical data that the Pre-GR values were negatively correlated with the tau on values and positively correlated with both the Exp-I% and Post-I% values. Additionally, the tau on values are negatively correlated with the Exp-I% and Post-I% values. Those results suggested that the hyphal growth rate and the susceptibility of the FCZ target be the important factors to determine the hyphal responses to the FCZ effect. Serial morphological alternations were captured while the hyphal growth curves were changing under the FCZ effects. Of the morphological data, the interesting alternations were visualized when the hyphae were affected by 16 micrograms/ml FCZ. As shifting of the hyphal growth curves, the hyphae were repeatedly seen as swollen tips and germination from the swollen sites. It is indicated that the hyphal tips are the most sensitive parts of this mycelia fungus to the FCZ affects. Additionally, because the hyphal regrowth was observed as germination from the swollen tips before FCZ was removed, an adaptation phenomenon could be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ansheng
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Inouye S, Tsuruoka T, Watanabe M, Takeo K, Akao M, Nishiyama Y, Yamaguchi H. Inhibitory effect of essential oils on apical growth of Aspergillus fumigatus by vapour contact. Mycoses 2000; 43:17-23. [PMID: 10838841 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0507.2000.00538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of seven essential oils on the apical growth of hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus was studied using a bio cell tracer by vapour contact in a sealed vessel. Based on the inhibitory pattern, these essential oils were classified into three groups. The first group, composed of citron, lavender and tea tree oils, stopped the apical growth in a loading dose of 63 micrograms ml-1 air, but allowed the regrowth of the hyphae after removal of the vapour, indicating fungistatic action. The second group, consisting of perilla and lemon-grass oils, stopped the apical growth in a loading dose of 6.3 micrograms ml-1 air, and did not allow the regrowth after gaseous contact at 63 micrograms ml-1 air, indicative of fungicidal action. The third group, consisting of cinnamon bark and thyme oils, retarded the growth in a dose of 6.3 micrograms ml-1 air, stopped it in a dose of 63 micrograms ml-1 air, and incompletely suppressed regrowth of the hyphae. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that vapours of essential oils were absorbed on fungal mycelia and agar medium most abundantly by the first group, followed by the second and third groups, reflecting the volatility of the respective groups. Suppression of the apical growth by vapour contact was ascribed to the direct deposition of essential oils on fungal mycelia, together with an indirect effect via the agar medium absorbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Inouye
- Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University, Japan
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Bang KH, Lee DW, Park HM, Rhee YH. Inhibition of fungal cell wall synthesizing enzymes by trans-cinnamaldehyde. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000; 64:1061-3. [PMID: 10879482 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the inhibitory effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA), an aromatic aldehyde derived from Cinnamomi Cortex, on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall synthesizing enzymes in vitro. This compound was found to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of beta-(1,3)-glucan synthase and a mixed inhibitor of chitin synthase 1 with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.84 and 1.44 mM, respectively. Chitin synthases 2 and 3 were less sensitive than chitin synthase 1 to CA. CA can be useful as a model compound of cell wall inhibitors for the development of effective antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Bang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Yusong, Taejon, Korea
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Studies on the synergistic effect of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine on the growth rate of single hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus by a biocell-tracer system. MYCOSCIENCE 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02268610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Oh KB, Yang HC, Matsuoka H, Yamamoto A, Kurata H. Combined effect of amphotericin B and flucytosine on hyphal growth of Candida albicans estimated at a single hypha level. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY : BI-MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL MYCOLOGY 1995; 33:191-5. [PMID: 7666300 DOI: 10.1080/02681219580000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro efficacy of amphotericin B and flucytosine, separately and in combination, against the hyphal growth of Candida albicans was evaluated in situ using an automatic analysing system. A colony of C. albicans was in contact with a glucose-salt medium supplemented with biotin plus calf serum (GS medium) and GS medium containing the antifungal agent, in sequence. Minimum inhibitory concentrations at single hyphal level (S-MIC) were determined based on the response that was measured. Amphotericin B S-MICs ranged from 0.8 to 0.4 microgram ml-1, and S-MIC values > 102.4 micrograms ml-1 were obtained with flucytosine when the two agents were used independently. When the two agents were used in combination, however, a synergistic interaction between the two agents at concentrations below their individual S-MICs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
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Garrigues JC, Cadet de Fontenay G, Linas MD, Lagente M, Seguela JP. New in vitro assay based on glucose consumption for determining intraconazole and amphotericin B activities against Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:2857-62. [PMID: 7695274 PMCID: PMC188297 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.12.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a new in vitro method of evaluating antifungal molecules. Fungal growth was determined by measuring glucose consumption, the only carbon source in a synthetic medium. First, the growth of 12 Aspergillus fumigatus strains was studied. Glucose consumption was an excellent indicator of fungal growth. Second, the partial inhibition of growth was calculated in terms of the 90% or 50% inhibitory concentration for the 12 strains after treatment with itraconazole and amphotericin B. With a 3-day incubation time, the calculated 90% and 50% inhibitory concentrations agreed with those obtained by a macromethod and with those reported in previous publications. In each case the high degrees of efficacy of itraconazole and amphotericin B against A. fumigatus were confirmed. Partial inhibition induced by low concentrations of antifungal agents was quantifiable by this new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Garrigues
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France
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HATANAKA Y, KOBAYASHI O, HIGASHIHARA M, HIYAMA K, OKU K. Application of a Motion Analysis System to the Acute Toxicity Test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.2965/jswe.17.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Van Cutsem J, Kurata H, Matsuoka H, Mikami Y, Pfaller MA, Scalarone GM, Rinaldi MG. Antifungal drug susceptibility testing. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY : BI-MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL MYCOLOGY 1994; 32 Suppl 1:267-76. [PMID: 7722792 DOI: 10.1080/02681219480000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Oh K, Matsuoka H, Teraoka T, Sumita O, Takatori K, Kurata H. Effects of antimycotics on the biosynthesis of cellular macromolecules in Aspergillus niger protoplasts. Mycopathologia 1993; 122:135-41. [PMID: 8413497 DOI: 10.1007/bf01103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nine antimycotics on the biosynthesis of cellular macromolecules were analyzed using the regenerating system of protoplasts of Aspergillus niger. The incorporation of several specific radioactive precursors into major cellular components were measured in the presence or in the absence of respective agents. Miconazole, ketoconazole, and tolnaftate inhibited the lipid synthesis. 5-Fluorocytosine strongly inhibited the DNA and protein syntheses. Griseofulvin, however, specifically inhibited the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, i.e. chitin and glucan. Other agents showed non-specific inhibition effects. The significance of morphological change of hypha as an indicator of antimycotic action and its feasibility as a screening tool for novel antimycotic compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
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Oh K, Matsuoka H, Sumita O, Takatori K, Kurata H. Evaluation of antifungal activity of antimycotics by automatic analyzing system. Mycopathologia 1992; 118:71-81. [PMID: 1435945 DOI: 10.1007/bf00442534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antifungal activity of several antimycotics has been evaluated using an automatic analyzing system (AAS), which is composed of a specially designed reaction vessel, microscopic observation system, image analyzing system, and computer program for automatic tracing of hypha growth. The agar plate was prepared on the ceiling of the reaction vessel, and spore mass of a fungus (Aspergillus niger) was inoculated onto it. After the preincubation at 28 degrees C for 24 h the reaction vessel was set on a microscope stage and connected to the liquid flow system. An appropriate hypha was selected for the measurement of growth process during the following steps: first contact with saline for 30 min for the adaptation, the second contact with same saline for 30 min, contact with saline containing an antimycotic substance for 60 min, and contact with flushing saline for 60 min. During a sequence of these steps, the apical tip of a growing hypha displayed on a TV monitor was followed automatically. The dynamic response of hypha to an agent was analyzed by several parameters. Morphological changes of the hypha caused by respective agents were recorded on VTR for further analysis. By using this system, the antifungal activity of antimycotics could be quantitatively determined within several hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
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Yamada S, Cao J, Sumita O, Kurasawa K, Kurata H, Oh K, Matsuoka H. Automatic antifungal activity analyzing system on the basis of dynamic growth process of a single hypha. Mycopathologia 1992; 118:65-9. [PMID: 1435944 DOI: 10.1007/bf00442533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A system for the evaluation of antifungal activity of volatile compounds has been developed that is based on dynamic growth of a single hypha. The newly developed system is composed of a reaction vessel under a microscope, automatic stage, charge coupled device (CCD) camera, TV monitor, video tape recorder (VTR), and a microcomputer. A fungus was inoculated in the reaction vessel containing agar medium and then was treated with an antifungal reagent in the gas phase either in batch or flow reaction manner. The apex of a growing hypha displayed on a TV monitor was followed automatically. From the ratio of the growth rate under exposure of a reagent (UEXPO) to the growth rate before the exposure (UPRE), the antifungal activity was expressed quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamada
- Research and Development Division, Bio-Giken Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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