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Nosrati-Ghods N, Harrison ST, Isafiade AJ, Tai SL. Analysis of ethanol production from xylose using Pichia stipitis in microaerobic conditions through experimental observations and kinetic modelling. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Two-Stage Aeration Fermentation Strategy to Improve Bioethanol Production by Scheffersomyces stipitis. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation4040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hardwood spent sulfite liquor (HSSL) is a by-product from pulp industry with a high concentration of pentose sugars, besides some hexoses suitable for bioethanol production by Scheffersomyces stipitis. The establishment of optimal aeration process conditions that results in specific microaerophilic conditions required by S. stipitis is the main challenge for ethanol production. The present study aimed to improve the ethanol production from HSSL by S. stipitis through a two-stage aeration fermentation. Experiments with controlled dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) in the first stage and oxygen restriction in the second stage were carried out. The best results were obtained with DOT control at 50% in the first stage, where the increase of oxygen availability provided faster growth and higher biomass yield, and no oxygen supply with an agitation rate of 250 rpm, in the second stage allowed a successful induction of ethanol production. Fermentation using 60% of HSSL (v/v) as substrate for S. stipitis provided a maximum specific growth rate of 0.07 h−1, an ethanol productivity of 0.04 g L h−1 and an ethanol yield of 0.39 g g−1, respectively. This work showed a successful two-stage aeration strategy as a promising aeration alternative for bioethanol production from HSSL by S. stipitis.
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Chan SHJ, Nørregaard L, Solem C, Jensen PR. Acetate kinase isozymes confer robustness in acetate metabolism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92256. [PMID: 24638105 PMCID: PMC3956926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate kinase (ACK) (EC no: 2.7.2.1) interconverts acetyl-phosphate and acetate to either catabolize or synthesize acetyl-CoA dependent on the metabolic requirement. Among all ACK entries available in UniProt, we found that around 45% are multiple ACKs in some organisms including more than 300 species but surprisingly, little work has been done to clarify whether this has any significance. In an attempt to gain further insight we have studied the two ACKs (AckA1, AckA2) encoded by two neighboring genes conserved in Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) by analyzing protein sequences, characterizing transcription structure, determining enzyme characteristics and effect on growth physiology. The results show that the two ACKs are most likely individually transcribed. AckA1 has a much higher turnover number and AckA2 has a much higher affinity for acetate in vitro. Consistently, growth experiments of mutant strains reveal that AckA1 has a higher capacity for acetate production which allows faster growth in an environment with high acetate concentration. Meanwhile, AckA2 is important for fast acetate-dependent growth at low concentration of acetate. The results demonstrate that the two ACKs have complementary physiological roles in L. lactis to maintain a robust acetate metabolism for fast growth at different extracellular acetate concentrations. The existence of ACK isozymes may reflect a common evolutionary strategy in bacteria in an environment with varying concentrations of acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lasse Nørregaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail: (CS); (PRJ)
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail: (CS); (PRJ)
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De Bari I, De Canio P, Cuna D, Liuzzi F, Capece A, Romano P. Bioethanol production from mixed sugars by Scheffersomyces stipitis free and immobilized cells, and co-cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:591-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liu T, Zou W, Liu L, Chen J. A constraint-based model of Scheffersomyces stipitis for improved ethanol production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:72. [PMID: 22998943 PMCID: PMC3503688 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND As one of the best xylose utilization microorganisms, Scheffersomyces stipitis exhibits great potential for the efficient lignocellulosic biomass fermentation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of its unique physiological and metabolic characteristics is required to further improve its performance on cellulosic ethanol production. RESULTS A constraint-based genome-scale metabolic model for S. stipitis CBS 6054 was developed on the basis of its genomic, transcriptomic and literature information. The model iTL885 consists of 885 genes, 870 metabolites, and 1240 reactions. During the reconstruction process, 36 putative sugar transporters were reannotated and the metabolisms of 7 sugars were illuminated. Essentiality study was conducted to predict essential genes on different growth media. Key factors affecting cell growth and ethanol formation were investigated by the use of constraint-based analysis. Furthermore, the uptake systems and metabolic routes of xylose were elucidated, and the optimization strategies for the overproduction of ethanol were proposed from both genetic and environmental perspectives. CONCLUSIONS Systems biology modelling has proven to be a powerful tool for targeting metabolic changes. Thus, this systematic investigation of the metabolism of S. stipitis could be used as a starting point for future experiment designs aimed at identifying the metabolic bottlenecks of this important yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Watanabe I, Ando A, Nakamura T. Characterization of Candida sp. NY7122, a novel pentose-fermenting soil yeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:307-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Yeasts that ferment both hexose and pentose are important for cost-effective ethanol production. We found that the soil yeast strain NY7122 isolated from a blueberry field in Tsukuba (East Japan) could ferment both hexose and pentose (d-xylose and l-arabinose). NY7122 was closely related to Candida subhashii on the basis of the results of molecular identification using the sequence in the D1/D2 domains of 26S rDNA and 5.8S-internal transcribed spacer region. NY7122 produced at least 7.40 and 3.86 g l−1 ethanol from 20 g l−1 d-xylose and l-arabinose within 24 h. NY7122 could produce ethanol from pentose and hexose sugars at 37°C. The highest ethanol productivity of NY7122 was achieved under a low pH condition (pH 3.5). Fermentation of mixed sugars (50 g l−1 glucose, 20 g l−1 d-xylose, and 10 g l−1 l-arabinose) resulted in a maximum ethanol concentration of 27.3 g l−1 for the NY7122 strain versus 25.1 g l−1 for Scheffersomyces stipitis. This is the first study to report that Candida sp. NY7122 from a soil environment could produce ethanol from both d-xylose and l-arabinose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Watanabe
- grid.416835.d 0000000122220432 Food Research Institute National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) 2-1-12 Kannondai 305-8642 Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- grid.416835.d 0000000122220432 Food Research Institute National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) 2-1-12 Kannondai 305-8642 Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Toshihide Nakamura
- grid.416835.d 0000000122220432 Food Research Institute National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) 2-1-12 Kannondai 305-8642 Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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Li Y, Park JY, Shiroma R, Tokuyasu K. Bioethanol production from rice straw by a sequential use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis with heat inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells prior to xylose fermentation. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:682-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Valorisation of hardwood hemicelluloses in the kraft pulping process by using an integrated biorefinery concept. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation from AFEX-treated rice straw. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:667-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fu N, Peiris P. Co-fermentation of a mixture of glucose and xylose to ethanol by Zymomonas mobilis and Pachysolen tannophilus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ilmén M, Koivuranta K, Ruohonen L, Suominen P, Penttilä M. Efficient production of L-lactic acid from xylose by Pichia stipitis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:117-23. [PMID: 17071782 PMCID: PMC1797125 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01311-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial conversion of renewable raw materials to useful products is an important objective in industrial biotechnology. Pichia stipitis, a yeast that naturally ferments xylose, was genetically engineered for l-(+)-lactate production. We constructed a P. stipitis strain that expressed the l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from Lactobacillus helveticus under the control of the P. stipitis fermentative ADH1 promoter. Xylose, glucose, or a mixture of the two sugars was used as the carbon source for lactate production. The constructed P. stipitis strain produced a higher level of lactate and a higher yield on xylose than on glucose. Lactate accumulated as the main product in xylose-containing medium, with 58 g/liter lactate produced from 100 g/liter xylose. Relatively efficient lactate production also occurred on glucose medium, with 41 g/liter lactate produced from 94 g/liter glucose. In the presence of both sugars, xylose and glucose were consumed simultaneously and converted predominantly to lactate. Lactate was produced at the expense of ethanol, whose production decreased to approximately 15 to 30% of the wild-type level on xylose-containing medium and to 70 to 80% of the wild-type level on glucose-containing medium. Thus, LDH competed efficiently with the ethanol pathway for pyruvate, even though the pathway from pyruvate to ethanol was intact. Our results show, for the first time, that lactate production from xylose by a yeast species is feasible and efficient. This is encouraging for further development of yeast-based bioprocesses to produce lactate from lignocellulosic raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Ilmén
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
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Fiaux J, Cakar ZP, Sonderegger M, Wüthrich K, Szyperski T, Sauer U. Metabolic-flux profiling of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2003; 2:170-80. [PMID: 12582134 PMCID: PMC141173 DOI: 10.1128/ec.2.1.170-180.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2002] [Accepted: 10/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The so far largely uncharacterized central carbon metabolism of the yeast Pichia stipitis was explored in batch and glucose-limited chemostat cultures using metabolic-flux ratio analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance. The concomitantly characterized network of active metabolic pathways was compared to those identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which led to the following conclusions. (i) There is a remarkably low use of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathway for glucose catabolism in S. cerevisiae when compared to P. stipitis batch cultures. (ii) Metabolism of P. stipitis batch cultures is fully respirative, which contrasts with the predominantly respiro-fermentative metabolic state of S. cerevisiae. (iii) Glucose catabolism in chemostat cultures of both yeasts is primarily oxidative. (iv) In both yeasts there is significant in vivo malic enzyme activity during growth on glucose. (v) The amino acid biosynthesis pathways are identical in both yeasts. The present investigation thus demonstrates the power of metabolic-flux ratio analysis for comparative profiling of central carbon metabolism in lower eukaryotes. Although not used for glucose catabolism in batch culture, we demonstrate that the PP pathway in S. cerevisiae has a generally high catabolic capacity by overexpressing the Escherichia coli transhydrogenase UdhA in phosphoglucose isomerase-deficient S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne Fiaux
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Passoth V, Schäfer B, Liebel B, Weierstall T, Klinner U. Molecular cloning of alcohol dehydrogenase genes of the yeast Pichia stipitis and identification of the fermentative ADH. Yeast 1998; 14:1311-25. [PMID: 9802210 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(1998100)14:14<1311::aid-yea315>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Pichia stipitis ADH genes (PsADH1 and PsADH2) were isolated by complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Adh(-)-mutant. The genes enabled the transformants to grow in the presence of antimycin A on glucose, to use ethanol as sole carbon source and made them sensitive to allylalcohol. The sequences of the genes showed similarities of 70-77% to sequences of ADH genes of Candida albicans, Kluyveromyces lactis, K. marxianus, and S. cerevisiae and about 60% homology to those of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Aspergillus flavus. Southern hybridization experiments suggested that P. stipitis has only these two ADH genes. Both genes are located on the largest chromosome of P. stipitis. PsADH2 encodes for the ADH activity that is responsible for ethanol formation at oxygen limitation. The gene is regulated at the transcriptional level. Moreover, also in cells grown on ethanol, only PsADH2 transcript was found. PsADH1 transcript was detected under aerobic conditions on fermentable carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Passoth
- Institut für Biologie IV (Mikrobiologie), RWTH Aachen, Germany
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Ethanol production from a mixture of glucose and xylose by co-culture of Pichia stipitis and a respiratory-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0922-338x(97)80143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Olsson L, Hahn-Hägerdal B. Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates for ethanol production. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(95)00157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thestrup HN, Hahn-Hägerdal B. Xylitol formation and reduction equivalent generation during anaerobic xylose conversion with glucose as cosubstrate in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the xyl1 gene. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:2043-5. [PMID: 7646047 PMCID: PMC167474 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.5.2043-2045.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose was used as a cosubstrate under anaerobic conditions in the conversion of xylose to xylitol by a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing the xyl1 gene. Glucose was metabolized mainly through glycolysis, with carbon dioxide, acetate, and ethanol as end products and with reduction equivalents generated in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase reactions. At a high glucose supply rate, generation of surplus reduction equivalents resulted in simultaneous ethanol formation. On the other hand, at a low glucose supply rate, additional reduction equivalents were generated by simultaneous ethanol consumption. A significantly lower xylitol formation rate was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Thestrup
- Applied Microbiology, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, Sweden
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Hahn-Hägerdal B, Jeppsson H, Skoog K, Prior B. Biochemistry and physiology of xylose fermentation by yeasts. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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