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Pringle A, Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R. High levels of variation in ribosomal DNA sequences within and among spores of a natural population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusAcaulospora colossica. Mycologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2000.12061153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pringle
- Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | | | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
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2
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Vandenkoornhuyse P, Leyval C. SSU rDNA sequencing and PCR-fingerprinting reveal genetic variation withinGlomus mosseae. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1998.12026972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
- Centre de Pedologie Biologique, CNRS UPR 6831 associée à l'Université H. Poincaré, 17 rue N.D. des Pauvres, BP 5, F-54501 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Corinne Leyval
- Centre de Pedologie Biologique, CNRS UPR 6831 associée à l'Université H. Poincaré, 17 rue N.D. des Pauvres, BP 5, F-54501 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
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3
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Douhan GW, Rizzo DM. Amplified Fragment Length Microsatellites (AFLM) might be used to develop microsatellite markers in organisms with limited amounts of DNA applied to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2004.11833123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David M. Rizzo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616
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4
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Thiéry O, Vasar M, Jairus T, Davison J, Roux C, Kivistik PA, Metspalu A, Milani L, Saks Ü, Moora M, Zobel M, Öpik M. Sequence variation in nuclear ribosomal small subunit, internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions ofRhizophagus irregularisandGigaspora margaritais high and isolate-dependent. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2816-32. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Thiéry
- Department of Botany; University of Tartu; 40 Lai St. 51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Martti Vasar
- Department of Botany; University of Tartu; 40 Lai St. 51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Teele Jairus
- Department of Botany; University of Tartu; 40 Lai St. 51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - John Davison
- Department of Botany; University of Tartu; 40 Lai St. 51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Christophe Roux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales; UPS; CNRS 24 chemin de Borde Rouge-Auzeville; BP 42617; Université de Toulouse; 31326 Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Paula-Ann Kivistik
- Estonian Genome Center; University of Tartu; 23b Riia St. 51010 Tartu Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center; University of Tartu; 23b Riia St. 51010 Tartu Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center; University of Tartu; 23b Riia St. 51010 Tartu Estonia
| | - Ülle Saks
- Department of Botany; University of Tartu; 40 Lai St. 51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Department of Botany; University of Tartu; 40 Lai St. 51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany; University of Tartu; 40 Lai St. 51005 Tartu Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Department of Botany; University of Tartu; 40 Lai St. 51005 Tartu Estonia
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5
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Ji B, Gehring CA, Wilson GWT, Miller RM, Flores-Rentería L, Johnson NC. Patterns of diversity and adaptation in Glomeromycota from three prairie grasslands. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2573-87. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Catherine A. Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Gail W. T. Wilson
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - R. M. Miller
- Biosciences Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | | | - Nancy Collins Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
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Thiéry O, Moora M, Vasar M, Zobel M, Öpik M. Inter- and intrasporal nuclear ribosomal gene sequence variation within one isolate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Diversispora sp. Symbiosis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-012-0212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Mathimaran N, Falquet L, Ineichen K, Picard C, Redecker D, Boller T, Wiemken A. Microsatellites for disentangling underground networks: Strain-specific identification of Glomus intraradices, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Fungal Genet Biol 2008; 45:812-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Pawlowska TE. Genetic processes in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 251:185-92. [PMID: 16140474 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 08/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomeromycota) colonize roots of the majority of land plants and facilitate their mineral nutrient uptake. Consequently, AM fungi play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems and are becoming a component of sustainable land management practices. The absence of sexual reproductive structures in modern Glomeromycota combined with their long evolutionary history suggest that these fungi may represent an ancient asexual lineage of great potential interest to evolutionary biology. However, many aspects of basic AM fungal biology, including genome structure, within-individual genetic variation, and reproductive mode are poorly understood. These knowledge gaps hinder research on the mechanisms of AM fungal interactions with individual plants and plant communities, and utilization of AM fungi in agricultural practices. I present here the current state of research on the reproduction in AM fungi and indicate what new findings can be expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Pawlowska
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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Douhan GW, Petersen C, Bledsoe CS, Rizzo DM. Contrasting root associated fungi of three common oak-woodland plant species based on molecular identification: host specificity or non-specific amplification? MYCORRHIZA 2005; 15:365-72. [PMID: 15772816 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-004-0341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An increasingly popular approach used to identify arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in planta is to amplify a portion of AM fungal small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU-rDNA) from whole root DNA extractions using the primer pair AM1-NS31, followed by cloning and sequencing. We used this approach to study the AM fungal community composition of three common oak-woodland plant species: a grass (Cynosurus echinatus), blue oak (Quercus douglasii), and a forb (Torilis arvensis). Significant diversity of AM fungi were found in the roots of C. echinatus, which is consistent with previous studies demonstrating a high degree of AM fungal diversity from the roots of various hosts. In contrast, clones from Q. douglasii and T. arvensis were primarily from non-AM fungi of diverse origins within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. This work demonstrates that caution must be taken when using this molecular approach to determine in planta AM fungal diversity if non-sequence based methods such as terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, or temperature gradient gel electrophoresis are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg W Douhan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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10
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Whipps JM. Prospects and limitations for mycorrhizas in biocontrol of root pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/b04-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
More than 80 disease biocontrol products are on the market worldwide, but none of these contain mycor rhizal fungi. This is despite ample evidence that both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi can control a number of plant diseases. A procedure for successful development of disease biocontrol agents in general is used as a background to examine the potential for achieving commercial mycorrhizal biocontrol agents. This includes (i) selection and screening; (ii) characterization involving identification, studies of modes of action and ecophysiology, as well as inoculum production, formulation, application and shelf life; (iii) registration. The last stage is problematic for mycorrhizal fungi, as currently they can be sold as plant growth promoters without any form of costly registration, even though in some instances they may actually function to some extent through biocontrol activity. The significance of this approach is discussed, and some possible ways of enhancing biocontrol by mycorrhizas are considered.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizas, ectomycorrhizas, biological disease control, soilborne pathogens, modes of action, ecology.
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11
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The Old Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in the Light of the Molecular Era. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18819-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Ferrol N, Azcón-Aguilar C, Bago B, Franken P, Gollotte A, González-Guerrero M, Harrier LA, Lanfranco L, van Tuinen D, Gianinazzi-Pearson V. Genomics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. FUNGAL GENOMICS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5334(04)80019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Wubet T, Weiß M, Kottke I, Oberwinkler F. Morphology and molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wild and cultivated yew (Taxus baccata). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1139/b03-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Taxus baccata L. roots collected from two sites in southern Germany were heavily colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The colonization pattern was of the Paris type. The diversity of the colonizing AMF species was investigated using polymerase chain reaction based molecular techniques. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the DNA from AMF within the roots was amplified using Glomeromycota-specific primers and then cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis using a data set of 5.8S rDNA sequences from a wide range of glomeralean taxa as well as data sets of partial ITS2 sequences from glomeralean subgroups indicated root colonization by four sequence types of Glomus and one sequence type of Archaeospora. These sequence types are distinct from any previously published sequences and differed between the two study sites.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza, Paris-type AM, molecular diversity, ribosomal internal transcribed spacers, Taxus baccata.
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14
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Genetic Studies of the Structure and Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-38364-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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15
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Yokoyama K, Tateishi T, Marumoto T, Saito M. A molecular marker diagnostic of a specific isolate of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Gigaspora margarita. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 212:171-5. [PMID: 12113930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the auto-ecology of a strain of Gigaspora margarita in a commercial inoculum, we found a pair of PCR primers amplifying a sequence of 235 bp diagnostic of the isolate. We designed an oligonucleotide probe based on the DNA sequence. The combination of PCR and the probing successfully detected the diagnostic sequence from both DNA preparations of single spores and colonized roots. This protocol enabled us to distinguish the isolate among several isolates from Japan, Nepal and the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhira Yokoyama
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Japan.
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Intelmann F, Spring O. Analysis of total DNA by minisatellite and simple-sequence repeat primers for the use of population studies in Plasmopara halstedii. Can J Microbiol 2002; 48:555-9. [PMID: 12166683 DOI: 10.1139/w02-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Total DNA of Plasmopara halstedii isolates from Germany was analysed for polymorphisms potentially useful for the differentiation of field isolates with respect to epidemiological studies or pathotype characterization. The isolation of the DNA started from mitotically formed zoosporangia, which is the only cellular structure of the biotrophic pathogen accessible independently from its host. The total DNA of the pathogen was used to perform DNA fingerprints with minisatellite and simple-sequence repeat primers. Polymorphisms were found that allowed differentiation on the level of single field isolates; however, they were not correlated with either physiological races or the geographic origin of the isolates. Using such differentiating primers, single spore strains of three pathogen isolates were also analysed with respect to genetic homogeneity. Minor variation was visible in the mitotically derived offspring, but the overall appearance of these patterns was mostly uniform with those of the respective parental isolate.
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Ko KS, Jung HS. Three nonorthologous ITS1 types are present in a polypore fungus Trichaptum abietinum. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2002; 23:112-22. [PMID: 12069544 DOI: 10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore phylogenetic relationships of Trichaptum species, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNAs were sequenced and analyzed. Gene trees from ITS1 and ITS2 sequences showed striking discrepancy in relationships of eight T. abietinum strains. All strains of T. abietinum had a single orthologous ITS2 type, but there were three paralogous types in the ITS1 region, which were designated Types I, II, and III. PCR amplification tests using type-specific primers showed that Types I and II are present in all strains of T. abietinum. The results suggest that gene duplication of the ancestral ITS1 region might have occurred prior to evolutionary radiation of Trichaptum and both types have been maintained in Trichaptum. However, Type III was amplified only in three T. abietinum strains collected from Korea, indicating that a new local geographic subtype has arisen in Korean strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Soo Ko
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Shinrim-dong, Kwanag-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Giovannetti M, Avio L. Biotechnology of arbuscular mycorrhizas. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5334(02)80014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Vandenkoornhuyse P, Leyval C, Bonnin I. High genetic diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: evidence for recombination events. Heredity (Edinb) 2001; 87:243-53. [PMID: 11703516 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity of spores of two indigenous species of Glomus isolated from three soils of a long-term field experiment amended by different quantities of sewage sludges has been evaluated. Three populations of spores of Glomus claroideum (W2537) and three populations of spores of Glomus DAOM 225952 (W2538) were analysed using a microsatellite primer and aliquots of genomic DNA were obtained from single spores (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) fingerprints). 39 polymorphic bands were found for G. claroideum, and 43 in Glomus DAOM 225952. The intraspecific diversity was high, ranging from 22 to 33 different electrophoretic types for G. claroideum, and 15-27 for Glomus DAOM 225952 depending on the population. Resampling experiments showed that the number of polymorphic bands was sufficient to score all multilocus profiles in the populations and to describe the clonality structure within populations. On average, one multilocus profile was represented by about four spores whatever the population and the species. Partitioning of the within-species phenotypic variance showed that more than 92% of the variation was found within populations, while the among-population variance component accounted for less than 8%, even though it was statistically different from 0. This result is confirmed by the fact that only few multilocus profiles were shared by two populations of G. claroideum, and none by populations of Glomus DAOM 225952. In addition to the high level of diversity observed within populations, linkage disequilibria analyses and association indices calculated across loci indicates that reproduction cannot be solely clonal. Recombination or recombination-like events are likely to occur in these arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. An 'epidemic' population structure was found for both fungal species in the soil that had received high amounts of sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vandenkoornhuyse
- Centre de Pédologie Biologique, CNRS UPR 6831, 17 rue Notre-Dame des Pauvres, BP5, F-54501 Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, France.
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Harrier LA. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: a molecular review of the fungal dimension. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2001; 52:469-478. [PMID: 11326053 DOI: 10.1093/jexbot/52.suppl_1.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal associations vary widely in structure and function, but the most common interaction is the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. This interaction is formed between the roots of over 80% of all terrestrial plant species and Zygomycete fungi from the Order Glomales. These fungi are termed AM fungi and are obligate symbionts which form endomycorrhizal symbioses. This symbiosis confers benefits directly to the host plant's growth and development through the acquisition of P and other mineral nutrients from the soil by the fungus. In addition, they may also enhance the plant's resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. These beneficial effects of the AM symbiosis occur as a result of a complex molecular dialogue between the two symbiotic partners. Identifying the molecules involved in the dialogue is a prerequisite for a greater understanding of the symbiosis. Ongoing research attempts to understand the underlying dialogue and concomitant molecular changes occurring in the plant and the fungus during the establishment of a functioning AM symbiosis. This paper focuses on the molecular approaches being used to study AM fungal genes being expressed in the symbiotic and asymbiotic stages of its lifecycle. In addition, the importance of studying these fungi, in relation to understanding plant processes, is discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Harrier
- Biotechnology Department, Plant Science Division, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Clapp JP, Rodriguez A, Dodd JC. Inter- and intra-isolate rRNA large subunit variation in Glomus coronatum spores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2001; 149:539-554. [PMID: 33873326 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• High levels of variation are reported in the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, D2 region of Glomus coronatum, a well characterized species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF). • Clones (435) containing the D2 regions from 7 isolates of G. coronatum were investigated for intra- and inter-isolate sequence variation using PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) as a prescreen before sequencing. Isolates of G. mosseae, G. constrictum and G. geosporum, three species of AMF with similar spore ontogeny and morphology, were also analysed. • Analysis of 138 representative sequences indicated that most were unique; this variation could not be attributed to DNA polymerase or cloning artefacts. Only 13 sequences were found in more than one isolate. Neighbour-joining analysis showed that most sequences from G. coronatum formed a main group although several sequences from G. mosseae and G. constrictum clustered with G. coronatum. • There was greater than expected variation in the LSU D2 region sequences from G. coronatum. The four Glomus species, closely related by spore morphology, might represent part of a genetic continuum. Implications for the concept of species in AMF, the use of rRNA sequences to estimate biodiversity and in situ detection in field ecology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Clapp
- Research School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - A Rodriguez
- Research School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - J C Dodd
- International Institute of Biotechnology/Research School of Biosciences (UKC), 1/13 Innovation Buildings, Sittingbourne Research Centre, Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 8HL, UK
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22
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Analysis of partial Glomales SSU rRNA gene sequences: implications for primer design and phylogeny. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756200003725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Variation in rDNA ITS sequences in Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora margarita spores from a permanent pasture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756299001860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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In vitro propagation and life cycle of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756299008801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations formed between a wide range of plant species including angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and some bryophytes, and a limited range of fungi belonging to a single order, the Glomales. The symbiosis develops in the plant roots where the fungus colonizes the apoplast and cells of the cortex to access carbon supplied by the plant. The fungal contribution to the symbiosis is complex, but a major aspect includes the transfer of mineral nutrients, particularly phosphate from the soil to the plant. Development of this highly compatible association requires the coordinate molecular and cellular differentiation of both symbionts to form specialized interfaces over which bi-directional nutrient transfer occurs. Recent insights into the molecular events underlying these aspects of the symbiosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Harrison
- The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73402; e-mail:
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Lanfranco L, Delpero M, Bonfante P. Intrasporal variability of ribosomal sequences in the endomycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita. Mol Ecol 1999; 8:37-45. [PMID: 9919696 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The sequence variability of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, which comprises the 5.8 gene and the flanking regions ITS1 and ITS2, was investigated in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita. DNA analysis of a multispore preparation and three single spores led to the identification of 11 slightly different sequences (three variants within a single spore), indicating substantial intersporal and intrasporal genetic variability (up to 9% sequence divergence). The sequence variations inside a single spore may be higher than that observed between spores. Even so, primers designed on the ITS1 and ITS2 regions identified Gi. margarita isolates and detected the endophyte during colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lanfranco
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale dell'Università and Centro di Studio sulla Micologia del Terreno del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Torino, Italy
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27
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Tagu D, Delp G. Regulation of root and fungal morphogenesis in mycorrhizal symbioses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 116:1201-7. [PMID: 9536036 PMCID: PMC1539176 DOI: 10.1104/pp.116.4.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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