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Huang Z, Yu K, Lan R, Glenn Morris J, Xiao Y, Ye J, Zhang L, Luo L, Gao H, Bai X, Wang D. Vibrio metschnikovii as an emergent pathogen: analyses of phylogeny and O-antigen and identification of possible virulence characteristics. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2252522. [PMID: 37616379 PMCID: PMC10484048 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2252522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio metschnikovii is an emergent pathogen that causes human infections which may be fatal. However, the phylogenetic characteristics and pathogenicity determinants of V. metschnikovii are poorly understood. Here, the whole-genome features of 103 V. metschnikovii strains isolated from different sources are described. On phylogenetic analysis V. metschnikovii populations could be divided into two major lineages, defined as lineage 1 (L1) and 2 (L2), of which L1 was more likely to be associated with human activity. Meanwhile, we defined 29 V. metschnikovii O-genotypes (VMOg, named VMOg1-VMOg29) by analysis of the O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters (O-AGCs). Most VMOgs (VMOg1 to VMOg28) were assembled by the Wzx/Wzy pathway, while only VMOg29 used the ABC transporter pathway. Based on the sequence variation of the wzx and wzt genes, an in silico O-genotyping system for V. metschnikovii was developed. Furthermore, nineteen virulence-associated factors involving 161 genes were identified within the V. metschnikovii genomes, including genes encoding motility, adherence, toxins, and secretion systems. In particular, V. metschnikovii was found to promote a high level of cytotoxicity through the synergistic action of the lateral flagella and T6SS. The lateral flagellar-associated flhA gene played an important role in the adhesion and colonization of V. metschnikovii during the early stages of infection. Overall, this study provides an enhanced understanding of the genomic evolution, O-AGCs diversity, and potential pathogenic features of V. metschnikovii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Huang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyi Yu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - J. Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yue Xiao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Julian Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longze Luo
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Gao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duochun Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Turner JW, Malayil L, Guadagnoli D, Cole D, Lipp EK. Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae with respect to seasonal fluctuations in temperature and plankton abundance. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:1019-28. [PMID: 24024909 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Over a 1-year period, bi-monthly estuarine surface water and plankton samples (63-200 and > 200 μm fractions) were assayed by polymerase chain reaction for the prevalence of total Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae and select genes associated with clinical strains found in each species. Neither temperature nor plankton abundance was a significant correlate of total V. parahaemolyticus; however, the prevalence of genes commonly associated with clinical strains (trh, tdh, ORF8) increased with temperature and copepod abundance (P < 0.05). The prevalence of total V. vulnificus and the siderophore-related viuB gene also increased with temperature and copepod and decapod abundance (P < 0.001). Temperature and copepod abundance also covaried with the prevalence of V. cholerae (P < 0.05), but there was no significant relationship with ctxA or other genes commonly found in clinical strains. Results show that genes commonly associated with clinical Vibrio strains were more frequently detected in association with chitinous plankton. We conclude that V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae and subpopulations that harbour genes common to clinical strains respond distinctly to seasonal changes in temperature as well as shifts in the taxonomic composition of discrete plankton fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Turner
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA; School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Griffitt KJ, Grimes DJ. Abundance and distribution of Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus following a major freshwater intrusion into the Mississippi Sound. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2013; 65:578-83. [PMID: 23494573 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to a major influx of freshwater to the Mississippi Sound following the opening of the Bonnet Carre Spillway, water samples were collected from three sites along the Mississippi shoreline to assess the impact of altered salinity on three pathogenic Vibrio species. Salinity readings across the affected area during the 2011 sample period ranged from 1.4 to 12.9 ppt (mean = 7.0) and for the 2012 sample period from 14.1 to 23.6 ppt (mean = 19.8). Analyses of the data collected in 2011 showed a reduction in densities of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus with a concurrent increase of Vibrio cholerae numbers, with V. cholerae becoming the only Vibrio detected once salinity readings dropped to 6 ppt. Follow-up samples taken in 2012 after recovery of the salinity in the sound showed that the relative densities of the three pathogenic vibrios had reverted back to normal levels. This study shows that although the spillway was open but a few weeks and the effects were therefore time limited, the Mississippi River water had a profound, if temporary, effect on Vibrio ecology in the Mississippi Sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Griffitt
- Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
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Rameshkumar N, Nair S. Isolation and molecular characterization of genetically diverse antagonistic, diazotrophic red-pigmented vibrios from different mangrove rhizospheres. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 67:455-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Covazzi Harriague A, Brino MD, Zampini M, Albertelli G, Pruzzo C, Misic C. Vibrios in association with sedimentary crustaceans in three beaches of the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:574-579. [PMID: 18243247 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, vibrios adhere to a number of substrates including chitin-rich organisms such as crustaceans. Their wide diffusion in coastal waters and pathogenic potential require knowledge of the lifestyle and environmental reservoirs of these bacteria. To test the presence of culturable vibrios in coastal areas and their association with benthic crustaceans, vibrios were isolated from water, sediments and crustaceans (copepods and anphipods) at three stations placed in front of heavily used tourist beaches of the Adriatic Sea. We observed significant correlations between vibrios and temperature. Benthic and planktonic copepods harboured vibrios in summer, while benthic amphipods harboured these bacteria in spring and autumn. Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains gave positive results using primers for Vibrio cholerae toxR and toxS. Sedimentary crustaceans may extend Vibrio persistence in seawater and may represent an additional aquatic reservoir of these bacteria.
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Gugliandolo C, Carbone M, Fera MT, Irrera GP, Maugeri TL. Occurrence of potentially pathogenic vibrios in the marine environment of the Straits of Messina (Italy). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2005; 50:692-7. [PMID: 15935185 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Gugliandolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ecologia Marina, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Linde HJ, Kobuch R, Jayasinghe S, Reischl U, Lehn N, Kaulfuss S, Beutin L. Vibrio metschnikovii, a rare cause of wound infection. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:4909-11. [PMID: 15472380 PMCID: PMC522296 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.10.4909-4911.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of a postoperative wound infection caused by Vibrio metschnikovii on the lower right leg of a patient after saphenectomy. Compared to the healing of an uninfected site, that of the right leg was delayed, and a cure was achieved by intensified wound care. Several swabs taken from the infected site grew a gram-negative rod in pure culture that was identified as V. metschnikovii by the VITEK 2 system. The source of the infection was not detected; however, the absence of putative risk factors (exposure to water or shellfish or an episode of diarrhea), the profession of the patient (butcher), and the isolation of V. metschnikovii in a variety of farm animals (chicken, cattle, swine, and horses) suggest that infections caused by V. metschnikovii may be regarded as zoonotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Linde
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Thompson JR, Randa MA, Marcelino LA, Tomita-Mitchell A, Lim E, Polz MF. Diversity and dynamics of a north atlantic coastal Vibrio community. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:4103-10. [PMID: 15240289 PMCID: PMC444776 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.7.4103-4110.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2003] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrios are ubiquitous marine bacteria that have long served as models for heterotrophic processes and have received renewed attention because of the discovery of increasing numbers of facultatively pathogenic strains. Because the occurrence of specific vibrios has frequently been linked to the temperature, salinity, and nutrient status of water, we hypothesized that seasonal changes in coastal water bodies lead to distinct vibrio communities and sought to characterize their level of differentiation. A novel technique was used to quantify shifts in 16S rRNA gene abundance in samples from Barnegat Bay, N.J., collected over a 15-month period. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) with primers specific for the genus Vibrio was combined with separation and quantification of amplicons by constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis (CDCE). Vibrio populations identified by QPCR-CDCE varied between summer and winter samples, suggesting distinct warm-water and year-round populations. Identification of the CDCE populations by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from two summer and two winter samples confirmed this distinction. It further showed that CDCE populations corresponded in most cases to approximately 98% rRNA similarity groups and suggested that the abundance of these follows temperature trends. Phylogenetic comparison yielded closely related cultured and often pathogenic representatives for most sequences, and the temperature ranges of these isolates confirmed the trends seen in the environmental samples. Overall, this suggests that temperature is a good predictor of the occurrence of closely related vibrios but that considerable microdiversity of unknown significance coexists within this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle R Thompson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 48-421, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Rivera IN, Chun J, Huq A, Sack RB, Colwell RR. Genotypes associated with virulence in environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:2421-9. [PMID: 11375146 PMCID: PMC92890 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.6.2421-2429.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2000] [Accepted: 03/05/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is an autochthonous inhabitant of riverine and estuarine environments and also is a facultative pathogen for humans. Genotyping can be useful in assessing the risk of contracting cholera, intestinal, or extraintestinal infections via drinking water and/or seafood. In this study, environmental isolates of V. cholerae were examined for the presence of ctxA, hlyA, ompU, stn/sto, tcpA, tcpI, toxR, and zot genes, using multiplex PCR. Based on tcpA and hlyA gene comparisons, the strains could be grouped into Classical and El Tor biotypes. The toxR, hlyA, and ompU genes were present in 100, 98.6, and 87.0% of the V. cholerae isolates, respectively. The CTX genetic element and toxin-coregulated pilus El Tor (tcpA ET) gene were present in all toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139 strains examined in this study. Three of four nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains contained tcpA ET. Interestingly, among the isolates of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139, two had tcpA Classical, nine contained tcpA El Tor, three showed homology with both biotype genes, and four carried the ctxA gene. The stn/sto genes were present in 28.2% of the non-O1/non-O139 strains, in 10.5% of the toxigenic V. cholerae O1, and in 14.3% of the O139 serogroups. Except for stn/sto genes, all of the other genes studied occurred with high frequency in toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains. Based on results of this study, surveillance of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in the aquatic environment, combined with genotype monitoring using ctxA, stn/sto, and tcpA ET genes, could be valuable in human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Rivera
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA.
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Barbieri E, Falzano L, Fiorentini C, Pianetti A, Baffone W, Fabbri A, Matarrese P, Casiere A, Katouli M, Kühn I, Möllby R, Bruscolini F, Donelli G. Occurrence, diversity, and pathogenicity of halophilic Vibrio spp. and non-O1 Vibrio cholerae from estuarine waters along the Italian Adriatic coast. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2748-53. [PMID: 10347072 PMCID: PMC91407 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.6.2748-2753.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence, diversity, and pathogenicity of Vibrio spp. were investigated in two estuaries along the Italian Adriatic coast. Vibrio alginolyticus was the predominant species, followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, non-O1 Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus. By using a biochemical fingerprinting method, all isolates were grouped into nine phenotypes with similarity levels of 75 to 97.5%. The production of toxins capable of causing cytoskeleton-dependent changes was detected in a large number of Vibrio strains. These findings indicate a significant presence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio strains along the Adriatic coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barbieri
- Istituto di Scienze Tossicologiche, Igienistiche e Ambientali, University of Urbino, Italy.
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Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae O1, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella species, and Shigella species are major causes of morbidity and death in diarrheal disease. More recently recognized pathogens are V. cholerae O139 and enterohemorrhagic E. coli. In addition to this, several presumptive virulence factors have been identified in diarrheagenic E. coli and in other species. To confirm these as virulence factors we need good diagnostic tools and good epidemiological studies. These are of vital importance to create vaccines for diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ljungh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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