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Chen PW, Lin CF. Characterization of a novel theta-type replicon of indigenous plasmid pTE15 from Lactobacillus reuteri N16. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:298. [PMID: 36510154 PMCID: PMC9743546 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND pTE15 is a ~ 15-kb narrow-host-range indigenous plasmid from Lactobacillus reuteri N16 that does not replicate in selected Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and other Lactobacillus spp. METHODS Combined deletion analysis the minireplicon essential of pTE15 with replicon-probe vector pUE80 (-) to confirmed sufficient for replication and from the ssDNA intermediate detection, plasmid amplification tested by chloramphenicol treatment, and replication origin sequence analysis to delineated the novel theta-type replication of pTE15. RESULTS Single-stranded intermediate of pTE15 DNA was not detected in L. reuteri, indicating that this plasmid does not replicate via a rolling circle mechanism. The replicon of pTE15 did not display the structural organization typical of rolling-circle plasmids, nor were they similar to known rolling-circle plasmids. We further provided evidence that this plasmid applied a new mode of theta-type replication mechanism: (1) the size of this plasmid was > 10-kb; (2) the minireplicon consisted of AT-rich (directed repeat, iteron) and DnaA sequences; (3) the minireplicon did not contain double-strand origin (DSO) and essential rep genes, and it also showed no single-strand origin (SSO) structure; (4) the intermediate single-stranded DNA products were not observed for pTE15 replication; (5) the minireplicon did not contain a typical essential replication protein, Rep, (6) its copy number was decreased by chloramphenicol treatment, and (7) genes in pTE15 replication region encoded truncated RepA (TRepA), RepB and RepC, which were replication-associated proteins, but they were not essential for pTE15 replication. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results strongly suggested that the indigenous plasmid pTE15 of L. reuteri N16 belongs to a new class of theta replicons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wen Chen
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40249 Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan ,grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257Animal disease diagnostic center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
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Heterologous expression and characterization of two novel glucanases derived from sheep rumen microbiota. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:87. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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ÇAM ÖZGENA, BAYLAN MAKBULE, MAZI GAMZE. Cloning and Expression of β-(1,3-1,4) Glucanase (Lichenase) Gene in Bacillus subtilis RSKK246 to create new Probiotic in aquaculture. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20200913. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Niu C, Liu C, Li Y, Zheng F, Wang J, Li Q. Production of a thermostable 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase mutant in Bacillus subtilis WB600 at a high fermentation capacity and its potential application in the brewing industry. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang L, Yang Y, Cai B, Cao P, Yang M, Chen Y. Coexpression and secretion of endoglucanase and phytase genes in Lactobacillus reuteri. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12842-60. [PMID: 25050780 PMCID: PMC4139877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A multifunctional transgenic Lactobacillus with probiotic characteristics and an ability to degrade β-glucan and phytic acid (phytate) was engineered to improve nutrient utilization, increase production performance and decrease digestive diseases in broiler chickens. The Bacillus subtilis WL001 endoglucanase gene (celW) and Aspergillus fumigatus WL002 phytase gene (phyW) mature peptide (phyWM) were cloned into an expression vector with the lactate dehydrogenase promoter of Lactobacillus casei and the secretion signal peptide of the Lactococcus lactisusp45 gene. This construct was then transformed into Lactobacillus reuteri XC1 that had been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Heterologous enzyme production and feed effectiveness of this genetically modified L. reuteri strain were investigated and evaluated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the molecular mass of phyWM and celW was approximately 48.2 and 55 kDa, respectively, consistent with their predicted molecular weights. Endoglucanase and phytase activities in the extracellular fraction of the transformed L. reuteri culture were 0.68 and 0.42 U/mL, respectively. Transformed L. reuteri improved the feed conversion ratio of broilers from 21 to 42 days of age and over the whole feeding period. However, there was no effect on body weight gain and feed intake of chicks. Transformed L. reuteri supplementation improved levels of ash, calcium and phosphorus in tibiae at day 21 and of phosphorus at day 42. In addition, populations of Escherichia coli, Veillonella spp. and Bacteroides vulgatus were decreased, while populations of Bifidobacterium genus and Lactobacillus spp. were increased in the cecum at day 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Pinghua Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Wu CM, Lin CF, Chang YC, Chung TC. Construction and Characterization of Nisin-Controlled Expression Vectors for Use inLactobacillus reuteri. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:757-67. [PMID: 16636439 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Nisin-controlled gene expression (NICE) system, which was discovered in Lactococcus lactis, was adapted to Lactobacillus reuteri by ligating nisA promoter (PnisA) and nisRK DNA fragments into the Escherichia coli-Lb. reuteri shuttle vector pSTE32. This chimerical plasmid (pNICE) was capable of expressing the heterologous amylase gene (amyL) under nisin induction. Optimization of induction factors for this Lb. reuteri/pNICE system, including nisin concentration (viz. 50 ng/ml), growth phase of culture at which nisin be added (viz. at the early exponential phase), and the best time for analyzing the gene product after inoculation (viz. at the 3rd h), allowed the amylase product to be expressed in high amounts, constituting up to about 18% of the total intracellular protein. Furthermore, the signal peptide (SP) of amyL gene (SPamyL) from Bacillus licheniformis was ligated to the downstream of PnisA in pNICE, upgrading this vector to a NICE-secretion (NIES) level, which was then designated pNIES (Sec+, secretion positive). Characterization of pNIES using an amyL-SPDelta gene (amyL gene lacking its SP) as a reporter revealed the 3rd h after induction as the secretion peak of this system, at which the secretion efficiency and the amount of alpha-amylase being secreted into the culture supernatant were estimated to reach 77.6% and 27.75 mg/l. Expression and secretion of AmyL products by pNIES in Lb. reuteri was also confirmed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Wu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan, ROC
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Li W, Yang MM, Zhang GQ, He WL, Li YX, Chen YL. Electrotransformation and Expression of Cellulase Genes in Wild-Type Lactobacillus reuteri. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 22:228-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000341906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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la Grange DC, den Haan R, van Zyl WH. Engineering cellulolytic ability into bioprocessing organisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:1195-208. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Codon optimization, expression and characterization of Bacillus subtilis MA139 β-1,3-1,4-glucanase in Pichia pastoris. Biologia (Bratisl) 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-010-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang JL, Ruan H, Zhang HF, Zhang Q, Zhang HB, He GQ, Shen SR. Characterization of a Thermostable and Acidic-Tolerable β-Glucanase from Aerobic Fungi Trichoderma koningii ZJU-T. J Food Sci 2007; 72:C452-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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. CS, . NA, . WT, . YH. Optimization of Electrotransformation Conditions to Improve Genetic Engineering Potential of Lactobacillus spp. Isolated from Gastrointestinal Tract of Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2006.244.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Liu JR, Yu B, Lin SH, Cheng KJ, Chen YC. Direct cloning of a xylanase gene from the mixed genomic DNA of rumen fungi and its expression in intestinal Lactobacillus reuteri. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 251:233-41. [PMID: 16146673 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A relatively newly defined xylanase gene, xynR8, was obtained directly from a mixed DNA sample prepared from unpurified rumen fungal cultures by PCR amplification. The DNA sequence of xynR8 revealed that the gene was 884 bp in size and encoded amino acid sequences with a molecular weight of 27.9 kDa. XynR8 belonged to glycosyl hydrolase family 11, and the catalytic site residues were also found in its amino acid sequence. The main hydrolysis products of XynR8 were xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetrose, which indicated that it belonged to the endoxylanases. The xynR8 gene was constructed so as to express and secrete under the control of the Lactococcus lactis lac A promoter and its secretion signal, and was transformed into L. reuteri Pg4, a strain isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. The L. reuteri transformants harboring xynR8 not only acquired the capacity to break down xylan, but also maintained their high adhesion efficiency to mucin and mucus and their resistance to bile salts and acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Ruei Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu JR, Yu B, Liu FH, Cheng KJ, Zhao X. Expression of rumen microbial fibrolytic enzyme genes in probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:6769-75. [PMID: 16269708 PMCID: PMC1287615 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.11.6769-6775.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the cloning and expression of three rumen microbial fibrolytic enzyme genes in a strain of Lactobacillus reuteri and investigating the probiotic characteristics of these genetically modified lactobacilli. The Neocallimastix patriciarum xylanase gene xynCDBFV, the Fibrobacter succinogenes beta-glucanase (1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase [EC 3.2.1.73]) gene, and the Piromyces rhizinflata cellulase gene eglA were cloned in a strain of L. reuteri isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. The enzymes were expressed and secreted under the control of the Lactococcus lactis lacA promoter and its secretion signal. The L. reuteri transformed strains not only acquired the capacity to break down soluble carboxymethyl cellulose, beta-glucan, or xylan but also showed high adhesion efficiency to mucin and mucus and resistance to bile salt and acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Ruei Liu
- Institute of BioAgricultural Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dal Bello F, Walter J, Roos S, Jonsson H, Hertel C. Inducible gene expression in Lactobacillus reuteri LTH5531 during type II sourdough fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:5873-8. [PMID: 16204499 PMCID: PMC1266011 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.10.5873-5878.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri LTH5531 is a dominant member of the microbiota of type II sourdough fermentations. To investigate the genetic background of the ecological performance of LTH5531, in vivo expression technology was used to identify promoters that show elevated levels of expression during growth of this organism in a type II sourdough fermentation. Thirty-eight sourdough-induced fusions were detected, and 29 genes could be identified on the basis of the available sequence information. Four genes encoded stress-related functions (e.g., acid and general stress response), reflecting the harsh conditions prevailing during sourdough fermentation. Further, eight genes were involved in acquisition and synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides, indicating their limited availability in sourdough. The remaining genes were either part of functionally unrelated pathways or encoded hypothetical proteins. The identification of a putative proteinase and a component of the arginine deiminase pathway is of technological interest, as they are potentially involved in the formation of aroma precursors. Our study allowed insight into the transcriptional response of Lactobacillus reuteri to the dough environment, which establishes the molecular basis to investigate bacterial properties that are likely to contribute to the ecological performance of the organism and influence the final outcome of the fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dal Bello
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Lima AOS, Quecine MC, Fungaro MHP, Andreote FD, Maccheroni W, Araújo WL, Silva-Filho MC, Pizzirani-Kleiner AA, Azevedo JL. Molecular characterization of a β-1,4-endoglucanase from an endophytic Bacillus pumilus strain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 68:57-65. [PMID: 15538558 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Revised: 08/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes comprise mainly microorganisms that colonize inner plant tissues, often living with the host in a symbiotic manner. Several ecological roles have been assigned to endophytic fungi and bacteria, such as antibiosis to phytopathogenic agents and plant growth promotion. Nowadays, endophytes are viewed as a new source of genes, proteins and biochemical compounds that may be used to improve industrial processes. In this study, the gene EglA was cloned from a citrus endophytic Bacillus strain. The EglA encodes a beta-1,4-endoglucanase capable of hydrolyzing cellulose under in vitro conditions. The predicted protein, EglA, has high homology to other bacterial cellulases and shows a modular structure containing a catalytic domain of the glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GH9) and a cellulose-binding module type 3 (CBM3). The enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and characterized. EglA has an optimum pH range of 5-8, and remarkable heat stability, retaining more than 85% activity even after a 24-h incubation at pH 6-8.6. This characteristic is an important feature for further applications of this enzyme in biotechnological processes in which temperatures of 50-60 degrees C are required over long incubation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O S Lima
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Tannock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Walter J, Heng NCK, Hammes WP, Loach DM, Tannock GW, Hertel C. Identification of Lactobacillus reuteri genes specifically induced in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:2044-51. [PMID: 12676681 PMCID: PMC154805 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.4.2044-2051.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are common inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals and have received considerable attention due to their putative health-promoting properties. Little is known about the traits that enhance the ability of these bacteria to inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. In this paper we describe the development and application of a strategy based on in vivo expression technology (IVET) that enables detection of Lactobacillus reuteri genes specifically induced in the murine gut. A plasmid-based system was constructed containing 'ermGT (which confers lincomycin resistance) as the primary reporter gene for selection of promoters active in the gastrointestinal tract of mice treated with lincomycin. A second reporter gene, 'bglM (beta-glucanase), allowed differentiation between constitutive and in vivo inducible promoters. The system was successfully tested in vitro and in vivo by using a constitutive promoter. Application of the IVET system with chromosomal DNA of L. reuteri 100-23 and reconstituted lactobacillus-free mice revealed three genes induced specifically during colonization. Two of the sequences showed homology to genes encoding xylose isomerase (xylA) and peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (msrB), which are involved in nutrient acquisition and stress responses, respectively. The third locus showed homology to the gene encoding a protein whose function is not known. Our IVET system has the potential to identify genes of lactobacilli that have not previously been functionally characterized but which may be essential for growth of these bacteria in the gastrointestinal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Walter
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Lin CF, Chung TC. Cloning of erythromycin-resistance determinants and replication origins from indigenous plasmids of Lactobacillus reuteri for potential use in construction of cloning vectors. Plasmid 1999; 42:31-41. [PMID: 10413663 DOI: 10.1006/plas.1999.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri L1 and N16 strains contain a 7.0-kb plasmid (pTE80) and a 15-kb plasmid (pTE15), respectively, encoding resistance to erythromycin (Em(r)). Physical maps of both plasmids were established. Nucleotide sequences of the genetic determinants encoding Em(r) on pTE80 and pTE15 revealed the existence of a very similar (ca. 99% nucleotide sequence and ca. 98% amino acid sequence identity) open reading frame for an Em(r) transmethylase gene (erm) in both plasmids. These structural erm genes, 753 and 750 bp in length, respectively, were highly related (ca. 98% nucleotide sequence and ca. 97% amino acid sequence identity) to the erm gene of L. fermentum plasmid pLEM3. Sequence analysis showed that these two erm genes from pTE80 and pTE15 could be categorized under the ermB (ermAM) class. These are the first members of the ermB (ermAM) class of Em(r) determinant from L. reuteri to be characterized at the nucleotide sequence level. The Em(r) gene from pTE80 (erm80) was then ligated into pUC18/19 to construct replication origin (RO)-screening vectors pUE80(+) and pUE80(-) (pUE80(+/-)). These plasmids contain the pUC18/19-derived multiple cloning site, ampicillin-resistance trait, and the LacZ' gene, which enable direct screening for recombinants in Escherichia coli. Once the recombinant contains a RO from L. reuteri, the Em(r) trait of erm80 is used as a selection marker for the replication of the chimeric plasmid as it is transformed into L. reuteri using the cloned RO as a replicon. Replication regions from pTE80 and pTE15 were successfully cloned into the constructed vector pUE80(-). The RO cloned from pTE80 was further identified as being highly stable in L. reuteri and also bearing a relatively narrow host range compared with that of pTE15. The Em(r) determinant (erm80) and RO cloned from pTE80 could be used in the future construction of derivatives of cloning vectors for this microbe. Moreover, the pUE80(+/-) and pTE80-RO constructed in this study have the potential to be developed as a suicide vector and an E. coli-L. reuteri shuttle vector, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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