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Ralstonia solanacearum Facing Spread-Determining Climatic Temperatures, Sustained Starvation, and Naturally Induced Resuscitation of Viable but Non-Culturable Cells in Environmental Water. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122503. [PMID: 36557756 PMCID: PMC9784099 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is a bacterial phytopathogen affecting staple crops, originally from tropical and subtropical areas, whose ability to survive in temperate environments is of concern under global warming. In this study, two R. solanacearum strains from either cold or warm habitats were stressed by simultaneous exposure to natural oligotrophy at low (4 °C), temperate (14 °C), or warm (24 °C) temperatures in environmental water. At 4 °C, the effect of temperature was higher than that of oligotrophy, since R. solanacearum went into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, which proved to be dependent on water nutrient contents. Resuscitation was demonstrated in vitro and in planta. At 14 °C and 24 °C, the effect of oligotrophy was higher than that of temperature on R. solanacearum populations, displaying starvation-survival responses and morphological changes which were stronger at 24 °C. In tomato plants, starved, cold-induced VBNC, and/or resuscitated cells maintained virulence. The strains behaved similarly regardless of their cold or warm areas of origin. This work firstly describes the natural nutrient availability of environmental water favoring R. solanacearum survival, adaptations, and resuscitation in conditions that can be found in natural settings. These findings will contribute to anticipate the ability of R. solanacearum to spread, establish, and induce disease in new geographical and climatic areas.
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Schink SJ, Biselli E, Ammar C, Gerland U. Death Rate of E. coli during Starvation Is Set by Maintenance Cost and Biomass Recycling. Cell Syst 2019; 9:64-73.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dror B, Savidor A, Salam BB, Sela N, Lampert Y, Teper-Bamnolker P, Daus A, Carmeli S, Sela Saldinger S, Eshel D. High Levels of CO 2 Induce Spoilage by Leuconostoc mesenteroides by Upregulating Dextran Synthesis Genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e00473-18. [PMID: 30367004 PMCID: PMC6293096 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00473-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During nonventilated storage of carrots, CO2 gradually accumulates to high levels and causes modifications in the carrot's microbiome toward dominance of Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales The lactic acid bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides secretes a slimy exudate over the surface of the carrots. The objective of this study was to characterize the slime components and the potential cause for its secretion under high CO2 levels. A proteomic analysis of the exudate revealed bacterial glucosyltransferases as the main proteins, specifically, dextransucrase. A chemical analysis of the exudate revealed high levels of dextran and several simple sugars. The exudate volume and dextran amount were significantly higher when L. mesenteroides was incubated under high CO2 levels than when incubated in an aerated environment. The treatment of carrot medium plates with commercial dextransucrase or exudate protein extract resulted in similar sugar profiles and dextran production. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that dextran production is related to the upregulation of the L. mesenteroides dextransucrase-encoding genes dsrD and dsrT during the first 4 to 8 h of exposure to high CO2 levels compared to aerated conditions. A phylogenetic analysis of L. mesenteroides YL48 dsrD revealed a high similarity to other dsr genes harbored by different Leuconostoc species. The ecological benefit of dextran production under elevated CO2 requires further investigation. However, this study implies an overlooked role of CO2 in the physiology and fitness of L. mesenteroides in stored carrots, and perhaps in other food items, during storage under nonventilated conditions.IMPORTANCE The bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides is known to cause spoilage of different types of foods by secreting a slimy fluid that damages the quality and appearance of the produce. Here, we identified a potential mechanism by which high levels of CO2 affect the spoilage caused by this bacterium by upregulating dextran synthesis genes. These results have broader implications for the study of the physiology, degradation ability, and potential biotechnological applications of Leuconostoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Dror
- Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Savidor
- De Button Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bolaji Babajide Salam
- Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yael Lampert
- Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Paula Teper-Bamnolker
- Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Avinoam Daus
- Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shmuel Carmeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Sela Saldinger
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Coda R, Säde E, Tuomainen P, Tenkanen M, Katina K. In situ synthesis of exopolysaccharides by Leuconostoc spp. and Weissella spp. and their rheological impacts in fava bean flour. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 248:63-71. [PMID: 28258980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fava bean flour is regarded as a potential plant-based protein source, but the addition of it at high concentration is restricted by its poor texture-improving ability and by anti-nutritional factors (ANF). Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are regarded as good texture modifiers. In this study, fava bean flour was fermented with Leuconostoc spp. and Weissella spp. with or without sucrose addition, in order to evaluate their potential in EPS production. The contents of free sugars, organic acids, mannitol and EPS in all fermented fava bean doughs were measured. Rheological properties of sucrose-enriched doughs, including viscosity flow curves, hysteresis loop and dynamic oscillatory sweep curves, were measured after fermentation. As one of the ANF, the degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) was also studied by analyzing RFO profiles of different doughs. Quantification of EPS revealed the potential of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides DSM 20193 in EPS production, and the rheological analysis showed that the polymers produced by this strain has the highest thickening and gelling capability. Furthermore, the viscous fava bean doughs containing plant proteins and synthesized in situ EPS may have a potential application in the food industry and fulfill consumers' increasing demands for "clean labels" and plant-originated food materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rossana Coda
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Säde
- Division of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Tuomainen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Katina
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Harimawan A, Ting YP. Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:459-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Akyon B, Stachler E, Wei N, Bibby K. Microbial mats as a biological treatment approach for saline wastewaters: the case of produced water from hydraulic fracturing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6172-80. [PMID: 25867284 DOI: 10.1021/es505142t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of produced water, i.e. wastewater from hydraulic fracturing, for reuse or final disposal is challenged by both high salinity and the presence of organic compounds. Organic compounds in produced water may foul physical-chemical treatment processes or support microbial corrosion, fouling, and sulfide release. Biological approaches have potential applications in produced water treatment, including reducing fouling of physical-chemical treatment processes and decreasing biological activity during produced water holding; however, conventional activated sludge treatments are intolerant of high salinity. In this study, a biofilm treatment approach using constructed microbial mats was evaluated for biodegradation performance, microbial community structure, and metabolic potential in both simulated and real produced water. Results demonstrated that engineered microbial mats are active at total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations up to at least 100,000 mg/L, and experiments in real produced water showed a biodegradation capacity of 1.45 mg COD/gramwet-day at a TDS concentration of 91,351 mg/L. Additionally, microbial community and metagenomic analyses revealed an adaptive microbial community that shifted based upon the sample being treated and has the metabolic potential to degrade a wide array of contaminants, suggesting the potential of this approach to treat produced waters with varying composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benay Akyon
- †Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and ‡Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Elyse Stachler
- †Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and ‡Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Na Wei
- †Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and ‡Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kyle Bibby
- †Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and ‡Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC-1118 enhances the survivability of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in an acidic environment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6803-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
The use of sourdough improves the quality and increases the shelf life of bread. The positive effects are associated with metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during sourdough fermentation, including organic acids, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and enzymes. EPS formed during sourdough fermentation by glycansucrase activity from sucrose influence the viscoelastic properties of the dough and beneficially affect the texture and shelf life (in particular, starch retrogradation) of bread. Accordingly, EPS have the potential to replace hydrocolloids currently used as bread improvers and meet so the consumer demands for a reduced use of food additives. In this review, the current knowledge about the functional aspects of EPS formation by sourdough LAB especially in baking applications is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Galle
- a Department of Food and Nutritional Science , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
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Su MS, Schlicht S, Gänzle MG. Contribution of glutamate decarboxylase in Lactobacillus reuteri to acid resistance and persistence in sourdough fermentation. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10 Suppl 1:S8. [PMID: 21995488 PMCID: PMC3231934 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-s1-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acid stress impacts the persistence of lactobacilli in industrial sourdough fermentations, and in intestinal ecosystems. However, the contribution of glutamate to acid resistance in lactobacilli has not been demonstrated experimentally, and evidence for the contribution of acid resistance to the competitiveness of lactobacilli in sourdough is lacking. It was therefore the aim of this study to investigate the ecological role of glutamate decarboxylase in L. reuteri. Results A gene coding for a putative glutamate decarboxylase, gadB, was identified in the genome of L. reuteri 100-23. Different from the organization of genetic loci coding for glutamate decarboxylase in other lactic acid bacteria, gadB was located adjacent to a putative glutaminase gene, gls3. An isogenic deletion mutant, L. reuteri ∆gadB, was generated by a double crossover method. L. reuteri 100-23 but not L. reuteri ∆gadB converted glutamate to γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) in phosphate butter (pH 2.5). In sourdough, both strains converted glutamine to glutamate but only L. reuteri 100-23 accumulated GABA. Glutamate addition to phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, improved survival of L. reuteri 100-23 100-fold. However, survival of L. reuteri ∆gadB remained essentially unchanged. The disruption of gadB did not affect growth of L. reuteri in mMRS or in sourdough. However, the wild type strain L. reuteri 100-23 displaced L. reuteri ∆gadB after 5 cycles of fermentation in back-slopped sourdough fermentations. Conclusions The conversion of glutamate to GABA by L. reuteri 100-23 contributes to acid resistance and to competitiveness in industrial sourdough fermentations. The organization of the gene cluster for glutamate conversion, and the availability of amino acids in cereals imply that glutamine rather than glutamate functions as the substrate for GABA formation. The exceptional coupling of glutamine deamidation to glutamate decarboxylation in L. reuteri likely reflects adaptation to cereal substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia S Su
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Canada
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Characterization and emulsifying property of a carbohydrate polymer produced by Bacillus pumilus UW-02 isolated from waste water irrigated agricultural soil. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:705-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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McLamore ES, Shi J, Jaroch D, Claussen JC, Uchida A, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Donkin SS, Banks MK, Buhman KK, Teegarden D, Rickus JL, Porterfield DM. A self referencing platinum nanoparticle decorated enzyme-based microbiosensor for real time measurement of physiological glucose transport. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:2237-45. [PMID: 20965716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is the central molecule in many biochemical pathways, and numerous approaches have been developed for fabricating micro biosensors designed to measure glucose concentration in/near cells and/or tissues. An inherent problem for microsensors used in physiological studies is a low signal-to-noise ratio, which is further complicated by concentration drift due to the metabolic activity of cells. A microsensor technique designed to filter extraneous electrical noise and provide direct quantification of active membrane transport is known as self-referencing. Self-referencing involves oscillation of a single microsensor via computer-controlled stepper motors within a stable gradient formed near cells/tissues (i.e., within the concentration boundary layer). The non-invasive technique provides direct measurement of trans-membrane (or trans-tissue) analyte flux. A glucose micro biosensor was fabricated using deposition of nanomaterials (platinum black, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Nafion) and glucose oxidase on a platinum/iridium microelectrode. The highly sensitive/selective biosensor was used in the self-referencing modality for cell/tissue physiological transport studies. Detailed analysis of signal drift/noise filtering via phase sensitive detection (including a post-measurement analytical technique) are provided. Using this highly sensitive technique, physiological glucose uptake is demonstrated in a wide range of metabolic and pharmacological studies. Use of this technique is demonstrated for cancer cell physiology, bioenergetics, diabetes, and microbial biofilm physiology. This robust and versatile biosensor technique will provide much insight into biological transport in biomedical, environmental, and agricultural research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S McLamore
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University, 1203 W, State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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An exopolysaccharide from a probiotic: Biosynthesis dynamics, composition and emulsifying activity. Food Res Int 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kaditzky SB, Behr J, Stocker A, Kaden P, Gänzle MG, Vogel RF. Influence of pH on the Formation of Glucan byLactobacillus reuteriTMW 1.106 Exerting a Protective Function Against Extreme pH Values. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430802470235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Son MJ, Son SJ, Lee SP. Physicochemical Properties of Carrot Juice Containing Phellinus linteus Extract and Beet Extract Fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides SM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.6.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jo SJ, Oh SM, Jang EK, Hwang K, Lee SP. Physicochemical Properties of Carrot Juice Fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides SM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hwang MG, Katayama H, Ohgaki S. Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: evaluation of the bactericidal ability of silver cations. WATER RESEARCH 2007; 41:4097-104. [PMID: 17606286 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, silver cations dissolved as silver nitrate at various concentrations were exposed to Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli to quantitatively estimate the bactericidal ability of silver. Observed data were analyzed using a newly developed model (Cs x T) that introduced a specific amount of chemisorbed silver onto a bacterial cell (Cs), which represented the chemisorption properties of silver on the bacterial cell body. Silver cations were rapidly chemisorbed onto bacterial cells after injection into samples, and Cs values (initial concentration of silver was 0.1 mg Ag/l) were calculated as 1.810 x 10(-6) (L. pneumophila), 1.102 x 10(-6) (P. aeruginosa), and 1.638 x 10(-6) microg Ag/cell(i) (E. coli) after incubation for 8 h. During that time, the three tested bacteria were completely inactivated under the detection limit (>7.2 log reduction). Based on the calculated Cs values, bacterial tolerance against silver was estimated by using the equation (Cs x T) multiplying the Cs values with exposure time (T). The Cs x T values well represented the bactericidal abilities of silver against the tested bacteria. The demanded Cs x T values to accomplish a 1 log inactivation (90% reduction) of L. pneumophila, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli (the initial numbers of bacteria were 1.5 x 10(7) CFU/ml, approximately) were estimated as 2.44 x 10(-6), 0.63 x 10(-6), and 0.46 x 10(-6) microgh/cell(i) of silver. The values were significantly reduced to 1.54 x 10(-6), 0.31 x 10(-6), and 0.25 x 10(-6) microgh/cell(i), respectively, with simultaneous injection of silver and copper. This study shows the successful quantitative estimation of the bactericidal ability of silver by applying the newly developed model (Cs x T). Among the tested bacteria, L. pneumophila showed the strongest tolerance to exposure of the same concentration of silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Goo Hwang
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Kaditzky S, Seitter M, Hertel C, Vogel RF. Performance of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis TMW 1.392 and its levansucrase deletion mutant in wheat dough and comparison of their impact on bread quality. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Özpinar Ö, Özkan M. Cellulose degradation and glucose accumulation byClostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 under different cultural conditions. ANN MICROBIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Hüfner E, Markieton T, Chaillou S, Crutz-Le Coq AM, Zagorec M, Hertel C. Identification of Lactobacillus sakei genes induced during meat fermentation and their role in survival and growth. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:2522-31. [PMID: 17308175 PMCID: PMC1855608 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02396-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 02/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus sakei is a lactic acid bacterium that is ubiquitous in the food environment and is one of the most important constituents of commercial meat starter cultures. In this study, in vivo expression technology (IVET) was applied to investigate gene expression of L. sakei 23K during meat fermentation. The IVET vector used (pEH100) contained promoterless and transcriptionally fused reporter genes mediating beta-glucuronidase activity and erythromycin resistance. A genomic library of L. sakei 23K was established, and the clones were subjected to fermentation in a raw-sausage model. Fifteen in carne-induced fusions were identified. Several genes encoded proteins which are likely to contribute to stress-related functions. One of these genes was involved in acquisition of ammonia from amino acids, and the remaining either were part of functionally unrelated pathways or encoded hypothetical proteins. The construction and use of isogenic mutants in the sausage model suggested that four genes have an impact on the performance of L. sakei during raw-sausage fermentation. Inactivation of the heat shock regulator gene ctsR resulted in increased growth, whereas knockout of the genes asnA2, LSA1065, and LSA1194 resulted in attenuated performance compared to the wild-type strain. The results of our study are the first to provide an insight into the transcriptional response of L. sakei when growing in the meat environment. In addition, this study establishes a molecular basis which allows investigation of bacterial properties that are likely to contribute to the ecological performance of the organism and to influence the final outcome of sausage fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hüfner
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Section Food Microbiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, Stuttgart, Germany
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Son MJ, Jang EK, Kwon OS, Seo JH, Kim IJ, Lee IS, Park SC, Lee SP. Characterization of dextran produced from Leuconostoc citreum S5 strain isolated from Korean fermented vegetable. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schwab C, Gänzle MG. Effect of membrane lateral pressure on the expression of fructosyltransferases in Lactobacillus reuteri. Syst Appl Microbiol 2006; 29:89-99. [PMID: 16464690 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of environmental conditions on the production of homo-polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from sucrose and the regulation of glycosyltransferase genes responsible for biosynthesis of homo-polysaccharides was determined in Lactobacillus reuteri TMW1.106 (reutericyclin-producer) and LTH5448 (reutericyclin-negative). Strain L. reuteri TMW 1.106 harbours the glycosyltransferase genes gtfA and inu, strain LTH5448 harbours a fructosyltransferase, ftfA. Fructan and fructose-oligosaccharide (FOS) production in both strains was inducible by reutericyclin, trans-isohumulone, and nigericin at the levels of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as phenylethanol (6mM) and elevated growth temperatures (45 degrees C), but not by nisin, CCCP or gramicidin. Elevated temperature (45 degrees C), reutericyclin or trans-isohumulone but not CCCP furthermore increased enhanced inu and ftfA transcription in L. reuteri TMW1.106 and LTH5448, respectively. Generally, effects of the various agents on fructosyltransferase transcription corresponded to their effect on formation of poly and oligosaccharides from sucrose. The effect of membrane-active agents on fructosyltransferase expression was compared to their effect on membrane biophysical parameters. The ability of chemical and physical agents to induce expression of fructosyltransferases correlated to their effect on the membrane lateral pressure as measured by pyrene-labelled phospholipids in membrane vesicles. Dextran, levan and fructose-oligosaccharides added at 50gL(-1) protected L. reuteri towards the membrane-active inhibitors nisin, reutericyclin, and CCCP. The induction of glycosyltransferases by membrane stress indicates a protective role of fructans and FOS to lactobacilli exposed to physical and chemical environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Schwab
- TU München, Lehrstuhl Technische Mikrobiologie, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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Tieking M, Kaditzky S, Valcheva R, Korakli M, Vogel RF, Gänzle MG. Extracellular homopolysaccharides and oligosaccharides from intestinal lactobacilli. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 99:692-702. [PMID: 16108811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize lactobacilli isolated from the intestines of ducks or pigs with respect to the production of extracellular homopolysaccharides (HoPS) and oligosaccharides. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactobacillus strains of duck or pig origin were screened for HoPS synthesis and >25% of the isolates produced fructans or glucans from sucrose. Glucan-forming strains were found within the species Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus animalis and fructan-forming strains were found within Lactobacillus mucosae, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The glucan-forming strains of L. reuteri but not L. animalis produced glucose-oligosaccharides in additon to the respective polymers, and two fructan-forming strains of L. acidophilus produced kestose. Genes coding for glycosyltransferases were detected by PCR and partially characterized by sequence analysis. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of lactobacilli from intestinal habitats produce HoPS from sucrose and polysaccharide formation is generally associated with the formation of glucose- and fructose oligosaccharides. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The characterization of the metabolic potential of intestinal lactobacilli contributes to the understanding of the molecular basis of autochthony in intestinal habitats. Moreover, this is the first report of glucose-oligosaccharide production during growth of lactobacilli, and one novel fructosyltransferase and one novel glucansucrase were partially characterized on the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tieking
- TU München, Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Freising, Germany
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Hemme D, Foucaud-Scheunemann C. Leuconostoc, characteristics, use in dairy technology and prospects in functional foods. Int Dairy J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
A defined solid and liquid minimal medium, HTM, which contained methionine and cysteine as the sole amino acids, was developed for Listeria monocytogenes. Complex broth-grown L. monocytogenes had to adapt to HTM by inducing amino acid biosyntheis. HTM is the simplest minimal medium available for growth of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ning Tsai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Ohno A, Kato N, Yamada K, Yamaguchi K. Factors influencing survival of Legionella pneumophila serotype 1 in hot spring water and tap water. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003. [PMID: 12732519 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.5.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The factors involved in the survival of Legionella pneumophila in the microcosms of both hot spring water and tap water were studied by examining cultivability and metabolic activity. L. pneumophila could survive by maintaining metabolic activity but was noncultivable in all microcosms at 42 degrees C, except for one microcosm with a pH of <2.0. Lower temperatures supported survival without loss of cultivability. The cultivability declined with increasing temperature, although metabolic activity was observed at temperatures of up to 45 degrees C. The optimal range of pH for survival was between 6.0 and 8. The metabolic activity could be maintained for long periods even in microcosms with high concentrations of salt. The cultivability of organisms in the post-exponential phase in a tap water microcosm with a low inoculum size was more rapidly reduced than that of organisms in the exponential phase. In contrast, the loss of cultivability in microcosms of a high inoculum size was significant in the exponential phase. Random(ly) amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of microcosms where cultivability was lost but metabolic activity was retained showed no change compared to cells grown freshly, although an effect on the amplified DNA band pattern by production of stress proteins was expected. Resuscitation by the addition of Acanthamoeba castellanii to the microcosm in which cultivability was completely lost but metabolic activity was maintained was observed only in part of the cell population. Our results suggest that L. pneumophila cell populations can potentially survive as free organisms for long periods by maintaining metabolic activity but temporarily losing cultivability under strict environments and requiring resuscitation by ingestion by amoebas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ohno
- Department of Microbiology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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Ohno A, Kato N, Yamada K, Yamaguchi K. Factors influencing survival of Legionella pneumophila serotype 1 in hot spring water and tap water. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:2540-7. [PMID: 12732519 PMCID: PMC154533 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.5.2540-2547.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors involved in the survival of Legionella pneumophila in the microcosms of both hot spring water and tap water were studied by examining cultivability and metabolic activity. L. pneumophila could survive by maintaining metabolic activity but was noncultivable in all microcosms at 42 degrees C, except for one microcosm with a pH of <2.0. Lower temperatures supported survival without loss of cultivability. The cultivability declined with increasing temperature, although metabolic activity was observed at temperatures of up to 45 degrees C. The optimal range of pH for survival was between 6.0 and 8. The metabolic activity could be maintained for long periods even in microcosms with high concentrations of salt. The cultivability of organisms in the post-exponential phase in a tap water microcosm with a low inoculum size was more rapidly reduced than that of organisms in the exponential phase. In contrast, the loss of cultivability in microcosms of a high inoculum size was significant in the exponential phase. Random(ly) amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of microcosms where cultivability was lost but metabolic activity was retained showed no change compared to cells grown freshly, although an effect on the amplified DNA band pattern by production of stress proteins was expected. Resuscitation by the addition of Acanthamoeba castellanii to the microcosm in which cultivability was completely lost but metabolic activity was maintained was observed only in part of the cell population. Our results suggest that L. pneumophila cell populations can potentially survive as free organisms for long periods by maintaining metabolic activity but temporarily losing cultivability under strict environments and requiring resuscitation by ingestion by amoebas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ohno
- Department of Microbiology, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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