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Lee Y, Kang M, Jang WD, Choi SY, Yang JE, Lee SY. Microbial production of an aromatic homopolyester. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00148-3. [PMID: 39174388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
We report the development of a metabolically engineered bacterium for the fermentative production of polyesters containing aromatic side chains, serving as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. A metabolic pathway was constructed in an Escherichia coli strain to produce poly[d-phenyllactate(PhLA)], followed by three strategies to enhance polymer production. First, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granule-associated proteins (phasins) were introduced to increase the polymer accumulation. Next, metabolic engineering was performed to redirect the metabolic flux toward PhLA. Furthermore, PHA synthase was engineered based on in silico simulation results to enhance the polymerization of PhLA. The final strain was capable of producing 12.3 g/l of poly(PhLA), marking it the first bio-based process for producing an aromatic homopolyester. Additional heterologous gene introductions led to the high level production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-11.7 mol% PhLA) copolymer (61.4 g/l). The strategies described here will be useful for the bio-based production of aromatic polyesters from renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoon Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Dae Jang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Engineering Biology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Matsumoto K. Toward the production of block copolymers in microbial cells: achievements and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:164. [PMID: 38252290 PMCID: PMC10803391 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) block copolymers has attracted research interests because they can be expected to exhibit excellent physical properties. Although post-polymerization conjugation and/or extension have been used for PHA block copolymer synthesis, the discovery of the first sequence-regulating PHA synthase, PhaCAR, enabled the direct synthesis of PHA-PHA type block copolymers in microbial cells. PhaCAR spontaneously synthesizes block copolymers from a mixture of substrates. To date, Escherichia coli and Ralstonia eutropha have been used as host strains, and therefore, sequence regulation is not a host-specific phenomenon. The monomer sequence greatly influences the physical properties of the polymer. For example, a random copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 2-hydroxybutyrate deforms plastically, while a block copolymer of approximately the same composition exhibits elastic deformation. The structure of the PHA block copolymer can be expanded by in vitro evolution of the sequence-regulating PHA synthase. An engineered variant of PhaCAR can synthesize poly(D-lactate) as a block copolymer component, which allows for greater flexibility in the molecular design of block copolymers. Therefore, creating sequence-regulating PHA synthases with a further broadened substrate range will expand the variety of properties of PHA materials. This review summarizes and discusses the sequence-regulating PHA synthase, analytical methods for verifying block sequence, properties of block copolymers, and mechanisms of sequence regulation. KEY POINTS: • Spontaneous monomer sequence regulation generates block copolymers • Poly(D-lactate) segment can be synthesized using a block copolymerization system • Block copolymers exhibit characteristic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken'ichiro Matsumoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kitaku, Sapporo, N13W8060-8628, Japan.
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Sivashankari RM, Mierzati M, Miyahara Y, Mizuno S, Nomura CT, Taguchi S, Abe H, Tsuge T. Exploring Class I polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases with broad substrate specificity for polymerization of structurally diverse monomer units. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1114946. [PMID: 36896015 PMCID: PMC9989198 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases (PhaCs) are key enzymes in PHA polymerization. PhaCs with broad substrate specificity are attractive for synthesizing structurally diverse PHAs. In the PHA family, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB)-based copolymers are industrially produced using Class I PhaCs and can be used as practical biodegradable thermoplastics. However, Class I PhaCs with broad substrate specificities are scarce, prompting our search for novel PhaCs. In this study, four new PhaCs from the bacteria Ferrimonas marina, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Shewanella pealeana, and Vibrio metschnikovii were selected via a homology search against the GenBank database, using the amino acid sequence of Aeromonas caviae PHA synthase (PhaCAc), a Class I enzyme with a wide range of substrate specificities, as a template. The four PhaCs were characterized in terms of their polymerization ability and substrate specificity, using Escherichia coli as a host for PHA production. All the new PhaCs were able to synthesize P(3HB) in E. coli with a high molecular weight, surpassing PhaCAc. The substrate specificity of PhaCs was evaluated by synthesizing 3HB-based copolymers with 3-hydroxyhexanoate, 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate, 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyrate, and 3-hydroxypivalate monomers. Interestingly, PhaC from P. shigelloides (PhaCPs) exhibited relatively broad substrate specificity. PhaCPs was further engineered through site-directed mutagenesis, and the variant resulted in an enzyme with improved polymerization ability and substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maierwufu Mierzati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyahara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoji Mizuno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Christopher T Nomura
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Abe
- Bioplastic Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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Tang HJ, Neoh SZ, Sudesh K. A review on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB- co-3HHx)] and genetic modifications that affect its production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1057067. [PMID: 36545679 PMCID: PMC9760699 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1057067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have garnered global attention to replace petroleum-based plastics in certain applications due to their biodegradability and sustainability. Among the different types of PHAs, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] copolymer has similar properties to commodity plastics, making them a suitable candidate to replace certain types of single-use plastics, medical devices, and packaging materials. The degradation rate of P(3HB-co-3HHx) is faster than the commercial petroleum-based plastics which take a very long time to be degraded, causing harmful pollution to both land and marine ecosystem. The biodegradability of the P(3HB-co-3HHx) is also dependent on its 3HHx molar composition which in turn influences the crystallinity of the material. Various metabolic pathways like the common PHA biosynthesis pathway, which involves phaA, phaB, and phaC, β-oxidation, and fatty acids de novo synthesis are used by bacteria to produce PHA from different carbon sources like fatty acids and sugars, respectively. There are various factors affecting the 3HHx molar composition of P(3HB-co-3HHx), like PhaCs, the engineering of PhaCs, and the metabolic engineering of strains. It is crucial to control the 3HHx molar composition in the P(3HB-co-3HHx) as it will affect its properties and applications in different fields.
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Eraslan K, Aversa C, Nofar M, Barletta M, Gisario A, Salehiyan R, Alkan Goksu Y. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH): synthesis, properties, and applications - A Review. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Phan HT, Hosoe Y, Guex M, Tomoi M, Tomita H, Zinn M, Matsumoto K. Directed Evolution of Sequence-Regulating Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase to Synthesize a Medium-Chain-Length-Short-Chain-Length (MCL-SCL) Block Copolymer. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1221-1231. [PMID: 34991313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-regulating polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase PhaCAR is a chimeric enzyme comprising PhaCs from Aeromonas caviae and Ralstonia eutropha (Cupriavidus necator). It spontaneously synthesizes a short-chain-length (SCL, ≤C5) block copolymer poly(2-hydroxybutyrate)-b-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(2HB)-b-P(3HB)] from a mixture of monomer substrates. In this study, directed evolution of PhaCAR was performed to increase its activity toward a medium-chain-length (MCL, C6-12) monomer, 3-hydroxyhexanoyl (3HHx)-coenzyme A (CoA). Random mutagenesis and selection based on P(3HB-co-3HHx) production in Escherichia coli found that beneficial mutations N149D and F314L increase the 3HHx fraction. The site-directed saturation mutagenesis at position 314, which is adjacent to the catalytic center C315, demonstrated that F314H synthesizes the P(3HHx) homopolymer. The F314H mutant exhibited increased activity toward 3HHx-CoA compared with the parent enzyme, whereas the activity toward 3HB-CoA decreased. The predicted tertiary structure of PhaCAR by AlphaFold2 provided insight into the mechanism of the beneficial mutations. In addition, this finding enabled the synthesis of a new PHA block copolymer, P(3HHx)-b-P(2HB). Solvent fractionation indicated the presence of a covalent linkage between the polymer segments. This novel MCL-SCL block copolymer considerably expands the range of the molecular design of PHA block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thi Phan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yumi Hosoe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Maureen Guex
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Masayoshi Tomoi
- Course of Applied Chemistry, Department of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroya Tomita
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Manfred Zinn
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Ken'ichiro Matsumoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Zher Neoh S, Fey Chek M, Tiang Tan H, Linares-Pastén JA, Nandakumar A, Hakoshima T, Sudesh K. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaC): The key enzyme for biopolyester synthesis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Khattab AM, Esmael ME, Farrag AA, Ibrahim MIA. Structural assessment of the bioplastic (poly-3-hydroxybutyrate) produced by Bacillus flexus Azu-A2 through cheese whey valorization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:319-332. [PMID: 34411615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The demand for the production of biodegradable plastics has significantly increased. Bioplastics have become an essential alternative to the threats of the daily consumable plastics, sourced from fossil fuels, to the environment. Polyhydroxyalkonates (PHAs) are a ubiquitous group of bioderived and biodegradable plastics, however their production is limited by the costs associated mainly with the carbon sources. Herein, this study aims to reduce the PHAs production cost by using a by-product from the dairy industry, i.e., cheese whey (CW), as a sole carbon source. The developed process recruits an aquatic isolate, Bacillus flexus Azu-A2, and is optimized via studying various parameters using the shaking flasks technique. The results showed that the maximum PHA production (0.95 g L-1) and PHA content (20.96%, w/w), were obtained after incubation period 72 h at 45 °C, 100 rpm agitation rate, 50% CWS concentration, pH 8.5, and 1.0 g L-1 ammonium chloride. Physiochemically, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques, emphasized the type of the extracted PHA as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The thermal properties of PHB were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), recording melting transition temperature (Tm) at 170.96 °C. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) visualized a homogenous microporous structure for the thin PHB biofilm. In essence, this study highlights the ability of Bacillus flexus Azu-A2 to produce a good yield of highly purified PHB at reduced production cost from dairy CW. Consequently, the current study paves the way for an improved whey management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman M Khattab
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Esmael
- Al-Azhar Center for Fermentation Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Farrag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Al-Azhar Center for Fermentation Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I A Ibrahim
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry, Marine Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt.
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Samrot AV, Samanvitha SK, Shobana N, Renitta ER, Senthilkumar P, Kumar SS, Abirami S, Dhiva S, Bavanilatha M, Prakash P, Saigeetha S, Shree KS, Thirumurugan R. The Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and PHA-Based Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3302. [PMID: 34641118 PMCID: PMC8512352 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are storage granules found in bacteria that are essentially hydroxy fatty acid polyesters. PHA molecules appear in variety of structures, and amongst all types of PHAs, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is used in versatile fields as it is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and ecologically safe thermoplastic. The unique physicochemical characteristics of these PHAs have made them applicable in nanotechnology, tissue engineering, and other biomedical applications. In this review, the optimization, extraction, and characterization of PHAs are described. Their production and application in nanotechnology are also portrayed in this review, and the precise and various production methods of PHA-based nanoparticles, such as emulsion solvent diffusion, nanoprecipitation, and dialysis are discussed. The characterization techniques such as UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, Zeta Potential, and XRD are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sree K. Samanvitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - N. Shobana
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Emilin R. Renitta
- Department of Food Processing Technology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Science and Technology, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - P. Senthilkumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Suresh S. Kumar
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Abirami
- Department of Microbiology, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi 628003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - S. Dhiva
- Department of Microbiology, Sree Narayana College, Alathur, Palakkad 678682, Kerala, India;
| | - M. Bavanilatha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (K.S.S.)
| | - P. Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (K.S.S.)
| | - S. Saigeetha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Krithika S. Shree
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (K.S.S.)
| | - R. Thirumurugan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India;
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Sindhu R, Madhavan A, Arun KB, Pugazhendhi A, Reshmy R, Awasthi MK, Sirohi R, Tarafdar A, Pandey A, Binod P. Metabolic circuits and gene regulators in polyhydroxyalkanoate producing organisms: Intervention strategies for enhanced production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 327:124791. [PMID: 33579565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide worries upsurge concerning environmental pollutions triggered by the accumulation of plastic wastes. Biopolymers are promising candidates for resolving these difficulties by replacing non-biodegradable plastics. Among biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), are natural polymers that are synthesized and accumulated in a range of microorganisms, are considered as promising biopolymers since they have biocompatibility, biodegradability, and other physico-chemical properties comparable to those of synthetic plastics. Consequently, considerable research have been attempted to advance a better understanding of mechanisms related to the metabolic synthesis and characteristics of PHAs and to develop native and recombinant microorganisms that can proficiently produce PHAs comprising desired monomers with high titer and productivity for industrial applications. Recent developments in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology applied to enhance PHA synthesis include, promoter engineering, ribosome-binding site (RBS) engineering, development of synthetic constructs etc. This review gives a brief overview of metabolic routes and regulators of PHA production and its intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Divison of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India.
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Harada K, Kobayashi S, Oshima K, Yoshida S, Tsuge T, Sato S. Engineering of Aeromonas caviae Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase Through Site-Directed Mutagenesis for Enhanced Polymerization of the 3-Hydroxyhexanoate Unit. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:627082. [PMID: 33748082 PMCID: PMC7966705 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.627082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase is an enzyme that polymerizes the acyl group of hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) substrates. Aeromonas caviae PHA synthase (PhaCAc) is an important biocatalyst for the synthesis of a useful PHA copolymer, poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] [P(3HB-co-3HHx)]. Previously, a PhaCAc mutant with double mutations in asparagine 149 (replaced by serine [N149S]) and aspartate 171 (replaced by glycine [D171G]) was generated to synthesize a 3HHx-rich P(3HB-co-3HHx) and was named PhaCAc NSDG. In this study, to further increase the 3HHx fraction in biosynthesized PHA, PhaCAc was engineered based on the three-dimensional structural information of PHA synthases. First, a homology model of PhaCAc was built to target the residues for site-directed mutagenesis. Three residues, namely tyrosine 318 (Y318), serine 389 (S389), and leucine 436 (L436), were predicted to be involved in substrate recognition by PhaCAc. These PhaCAc NSDG residues were replaced with other amino acids, and the resulting triple mutants were expressed in the engineered strain of Ralstonia eutropha for application in PHA biosynthesis from palm kernel oil. The S389T mutation allowed the synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HHx) with an increased 3HHx fraction without a significant reduction in PHA yield. Thus, a new workhorse enzyme was successfully engineered for the biosynthesis of a higher 3HHx-fraction polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Harada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kanji Oshima
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshida
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Hyogo, Japan
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12
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Tools for the discovery of biopolymer producing cysteine relays. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:247-258. [PMID: 33927786 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine relays, where a protein or small molecule is transferred multiple times via transthiolation, are central to the production of biological polymers. Enzymes that utilise relay mechanisms display broad substrate specificity and are readily engineered to produce new polymers. In this review, I discuss recent advances in the discovery, engineering and biophysical characterisation of cysteine relays. I will focus on eukaryotic ubiquitin (Ub) cascades and prokaryotic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis. These evolutionarily distinct processes employ similar chemistry and are readily modified for biotechnological applications. Both processes have been studied intensively for decades, yet recent studies suggest we do not fully understand their mechanistic diversity or plasticity. I will discuss the important role that activity-based probes (ABPs) and other chemical tools have had in identifying and delineating Ub cysteine-relays and the potential for ABPs to be applied to PHA synthases. Finally, I will offer a personal perspective on the potential of engineering cysteine-relays for non-native polymer production.
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Silva JB, Pereira JR, Marreiros BC, Reis MA, Freitas F. Microbial production of medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Liu CH, Chen HY, Chen YLL, Sheu DS. The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase 1 of Pseudomonas sp. H9 synthesized a 3-hydroxybutyrate-dominant hybrid of short- and medium-chain-length PHA. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 143:109719. [PMID: 33375979 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. H9 (H9), an environmental strain isolated from a riverbank soil sample collected in southern Taiwan, is Gram-negative and shares a 99 % sequence identity to Pseudomonas putida KT2440 based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. H9 produced novel polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) including a hybrid PHA, comprised of 3-hydroxyvalerate (37 mol%) and medium-chain-length (MCL) monomers from valerate, as well as a 3-hydroxyhexanoate-dominant (93 mol%) MCL-PHA from hexanoate. Next-generation sequencing analysis showed H9 had a typical class II PHA operon, consisted of phaC1H9-phaZH9-phaC2H9, in which phaC1H9 was the sole active PHA synthase in H9. Deletion of phaC1H9 gene led to a complete loss of its PHA accumulation capability. Knockout of phaC2H9 gene, in contrast, affected neither bacterial growth nor PHA accumulation. When co-expressed with the phaAB genes of Ralstonia eutropha H16 in the PHA mutant strain Pseudomonas sp. H9ΔC1, phaC1H9 synthesized a hybrid PHA consisted of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) (75 mol%) and MCL-monomers, confirmed in analyses using hot-acetone fractionation and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. As a novel PHA synthase, PhaC1H9 possesses a broad substrate specificity to synthesize a hybrid of SCL- and MCL-PHA, known to have many mechanical properties for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsien Liu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Houng-Yung Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Lee Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shyan Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan; Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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15
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Mezzina MP, Manoli MT, Prieto MA, Nikel PI. Engineering Native and Synthetic Pathways in Pseudomonas putida for the Production of Tailored Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000165. [PMID: 33085217 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing environmental concern sparks renewed interest in the sustainable production of (bio)materials that can replace oil-derived goods. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are isotactic polymers that play a critical role in the central metabolism of producer bacteria, as they act as dynamic reservoirs of carbon and reducing equivalents. PHAs continue to attract industrial attention as a starting point toward renewable, biodegradable, biocompatible, and versatile thermoplastic and elastomeric materials. Pseudomonas species have been known for long as efficient biopolymer producers, especially for medium-chain-length PHAs. The surge of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches in recent years offers the possibility of exploiting the untapped potential of Pseudomonas cell factories for the production of tailored PHAs. In this article, an overview of the metabolic and regulatory circuits that rule PHA accumulation in Pseudomonas putida is provided, and approaches leading to the biosynthesis of novel polymers (e.g., PHAs including nonbiological chemical elements in their structures) are discussed. The potential of novel PHAs to disrupt existing and future market segments is closer to realization than ever before. The review is concluded by pinpointing challenges that currently hinder the wide adoption of bio-based PHAs, and strategies toward programmable polymer biosynthesis from alternative substrates in engineered P. putida strains are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela P Mezzina
- Systems Environmental Microbiology Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - María Tsampika Manoli
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas «Margarita Salas» (CIB-CSIC), Polymer Biotechnology Group, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Toward a Circular Economy, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M Auxiliadora Prieto
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas «Margarita Salas» (CIB-CSIC), Polymer Biotechnology Group, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Toward a Circular Economy, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- Systems Environmental Microbiology Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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Choi SY, Cho IJ, Lee Y, Kim YJ, Kim KJ, Lee SY. Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Nonnatural Polyesters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907138. [PMID: 32249983 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce diverse polymers for various purposes such as storing genetic information, energy, and reducing power, and serving as structural materials and scaffolds. Among these polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are microbial polyesters synthesized and accumulated intracellularly as a storage material of carbon, energy, and reducing power under unfavorable growth conditions in the presence of excess carbon source. PHAs have attracted considerable attention for their wide range of applications in industrial and medical fields. Since the first discovery of PHA accumulating bacteria about 100 years ago, remarkable advances have been made in the understanding of PHA biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of microorganisms toward developing efficient PHA producers. Recently, nonnatural polyesters have also been synthesized by metabolically engineered microorganisms, which opened a new avenue toward sustainable production of more diverse plastics. Herein, the current state of PHAs and nonnatural polyesters is reviewed, covering mechanisms of microbial polyester biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and enzymes involved in biosynthesis of short-chain-length PHAs, medium-chain-length PHAs, and nonnatural polyesters, especially 2-hydroxyacid-containing polyesters, metabolic engineering strategies to produce novel polymers and enhance production capabilities and fermentation, and downstream processing strategies for cost-effective production of these microbial polyesters. In addition, the applications of PHAs and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Cho
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoon Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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17
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Barati F, Asgarani E, Gharavi S, Soudi MR. Considerable increase in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production via phbC gene overexpression in Ralstonia eutropha PTCC 1615. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 11:53-57. [PMID: 33469508 PMCID: PMC7803923 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a well-known biodegradable polymer produced by some microorganisms and can be a suitable alternative for petrochemical plastics. PHB synthase encoded by phb C gene is the main enzyme in PHB biosynthesis pathway in Ralstonia eutropha. The aim of current study was the transformation of R. eutropha PTCC 1615 with its own phb C gene and evaluation of the overexpression effect on PHB accumulation.
Methods: DNA fragment including phbC gene and its promoter and terminator regions, was isolated from R. eutropha PTCC 1615, inserted into pET28a(+) vector, and transferred to the competent bacteria using calcium chloride and heat shock method. The effect of the cloned gene expression on PHB production was investigated with absorption of crotonic acid produced through PHB dehydration. Statistical analyses were carried out by SPSS software.
Results: PHB content of cells of the engineered strain was 1.4 times more than that of the native bacteria. This significant difference can be an important finding for improvement of biopolymer production.
Conclusion: Overexpression of phb C, the critical gene in PHB biosynthesis pathway, in R. eutropha PTCC 1615 had considerable effect on PHB accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Barati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezat Asgarani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Gharavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soudi
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Metabolic engineering for the synthesis of polyesters: A 100-year journey from polyhydroxyalkanoates to non-natural microbial polyesters. Metab Eng 2020; 58:47-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Li M, Chen X, Che X, Zhang H, Wu LP, Du H, Chen GQ. Engineering Pseudomonas entomophila for synthesis of copolymers with defined fractions of 3-hydroxybutyrate and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoates. Metab Eng 2018; 52:253-262. [PMID: 30582985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) composed of both short-chain-length (SCL) and medium-chain-length (MCL) monomers (SCL-co-MCL PHA) combine the advantages of high strength and elasticity provided by SCL PHA and MCL PHA, respectively. Synthesis of SCL-co-MCL PHA, namely, copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and MCL 3-hydroxyalkanoates (3HA) such as 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD) and longer chain 3HA, has been a challenge for a long time. This study aims to engineer Pseudomonas entomophila for synthesizing P(3HB-co-MCL 3HA) via weakening its β-oxidation pathway combined with insertion of 3HB synthesis pathway consisting of β-ketothiolase (phaA) and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (phaB). 3HB and MCL 3HA polymerization is catalyzed by a low specificity PHA synthase (phaC), namely, mutated PhaC61-3. The link between the fatty acid de novo synthesis and PHA synthesis was further blocked to increase the supply for SCL and MCL monomers in P. entomophila. The so-constructed P. entomophila was successfully used to synthesize novel PHA copolymers of P(3HB-co-3HD), P(3HB-co-3HDD) and P(3HB-co-3H9D) consisting of 3HB and 3-hydroxydecanoate (3HD), 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3HDD) and 3-hydroxy-9-decanent (3H9D), respectively. MCL 3HA compositions of P(3HB-co-3HD) and P(3HB-co-3HDD) can be adjusted from 0 to approximate 100 mol%. Results demonstrated that the engineered P. entomophila could be a platform for tailor-made P(3HB-co-MCL 3HA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangbin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuemei Che
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano- and Micro-Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Lin-Ping Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hetong Du
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Nano- and Micro-Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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20
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Chek MF, Hiroe A, Hakoshima T, Sudesh K, Taguchi S. PHA synthase (PhaC): interpreting the functions of bioplastic-producing enzyme from a structural perspective. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1131-1141. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Zou H, Shi M, Zhang T, Li L, Li L, Xian M. Natural and engineered polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase: key enzyme in biopolyester production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7417-7426. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Engineered biosynthesis of biodegradable polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:1037-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Advances in science and technology have resulted in the rapid development of biobased plastics and the major drivers for this expansion are rising environmental concerns of plastic pollution and the depletion of fossil-fuels. This paper presents a broad view on the recent developments of three promising biobased plastics, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), well known for their biodegradability. The article discusses the natural and recombinant host organisms used for fermentative production of monomers, alternative carbon feedstocks that have been used to lower production cost, different metabolic engineering strategies used to improve product titers, various fermentation technologies employed to increase productivities and finally, the different downstream processes used for recovery and purification of the monomers and polymers.
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23
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Chen GQ, Hajnal I, Wu H, Lv L, Ye J. Engineering Biosynthesis Mechanisms for Diversifying Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 33:565-574. [PMID: 26409776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a family of diverse biopolyesters synthesized by bacteria. PHA diversity, as reflected by its monomers, homopolymers, random and block copolymers, as well as functional polymers, can now be generated by engineering the three basic synthesis pathways including the acetoacetyl-CoA pathway, in situ fatty acid synthesis, and/or β-oxidation cycles, as well as PHA synthase specificity. It is now possible to tailor the PHA structures via genome editing or process engineering. The increasing PHA diversity and maturing PHA production technology should lead to more focused research into their low-cost and/or high-value applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ivan Hajnal
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Lv
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianwen Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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24
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Kadoya R, Matsumoto K, Ooi T, Taguchi S. MtgA Deletion-Triggered Cell Enlargement of Escherichia coli for Enhanced Intracellular Polyester Accumulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125163. [PMID: 26039058 PMCID: PMC4454544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial polyester polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been produced in engineered Escherichia coli, which turned into an efficient and versatile platform by applying metabolic and enzyme engineering approaches. The present study aimed at drawing out the latent potential of this organism using genome-wide mutagenesis. To meet this goal, a transposon-based mutagenesis was carried out on E. coli, which was transformed to produce poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate) from glucose. A high-throughput screening of polymer-accumulating cells on Nile red-containing plates isolated one mutant that produced 1.8-fold higher quantity of polymer without severe disadvantages in the cell growth and monomer composition of the polymer. The transposon was inserted into the locus within the gene encoding MtgA that takes part, as a non-lethal component, in the formation of the peptidoglycan backbone. Accordingly, the mtgA-deleted strain E. coli JW3175, which was a derivate of superior PHA-producing strain BW25113, was examined for polymer production, and exhibited an enhanced accumulation of the polymer (7.0 g/l) compared to the control (5.2 g/l). Interestingly, an enlargement in cell width associated with polymer accumulation was observed in this strain, resulting in a 1.6-fold greater polymer accumulation per cell compared to the control. This result suggests that the increase in volumetric capacity for accumulating intracellular material contributed to the enhanced polymer production. The mtgA deletion should be combined with conventional engineering approaches, and thus, is a promising strategy for improved production of intracellularly accumulated biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kadoya
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ken'ichiro Matsumoto
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ooi
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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25
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Sato S, Maruyama H, Fujiki T, Matsumoto K. Regulation of 3-hydroxyhexanoate composition in PHBH synthesized by recombinant Cupriavidus necator H16 from plant oil by using butyrate as a co-substrate. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:246-51. [PMID: 25805434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HH) composition-regulating technology for poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) production was developed using recombinant Cupriavidus necator H16 with butyrate as a co-substrate. A new (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA ((R)-3HH-CoA) synthesis pathway was designed and enhanced by replacing the PHA synthase gene (phaC1) of C. necator by the phaCAcNSDG (encoding the N149S and D171G mutant of PHA synthase from Aeromonas caviae) and deactivation of the phaA gene (encoding (β-ketothiolase) from C. necator H16 chromosome). The effect of butyrate as co-substrate was assessed in high-cell-density fed-batch cultures of several C. necator mutants, and the 3HH fraction was successfully increased by adding butyrate to the culture. Moreover, overexpression of BktB (encoding the second β-ketothiolase with broad substrate specificity) enhanced the (R)-3HH-CoA synthesis pathway in the phaA deactivated mutant of C. necator by promoting the condensation of acetyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA into 3-ketohexanoyl-CoA. Consequently, PHBH containing 4.2-13.0 mol% 3HH was produced from butyrate and palm kernel oil by the genetically modified C. necator H16 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sato
- GP Business Development Division, Kaneka Corporation, 1-8 Miyamae-machi, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Maruyama
- GP Business Development Division, Kaneka Corporation, 1-8 Miyamae-machi, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujiki
- GP Business Development Division, Kaneka Corporation, 1-8 Miyamae-machi, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsumoto
- GP Business Development Division, Kaneka Corporation, 1-8 Miyamae-machi, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
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26
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Kim EJ, Kim KJ. Crystal structure and biochemical characterization of PhaA from Ralstonia eutropha, a polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacterium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:124-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Kim J, Chang JH, Kim EJ, Kim KJ. Crystal structure of (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase PhaB from Ralstonia eutropha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:783-8. [PMID: 24211201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
(R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase PhaB from Ralstonia eutropha H16 (RePhaB) is an enzyme that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of acetoacetyl-CoA, an intermediate of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) synthetic pathways. Polymeric PHA is used to make bioplastics, implant biomaterials, and biofuels. Here, we report the crystal structures of RePhaB apoenzyme and in complex with either NADP(+) or acetoacetyl-CoA, which provide the catalytic mechanism of the protein. RePhaB contains a Rossmann fold and a Clamp domain for binding of NADP(+) and acetoacetyl-CoA, respectively. The NADP(+)-bound form of RePhaB structure reveals that the protein has a unique cofactor binding mode. Interestingly, in the RePhaB structure in complex with acetoacetyl-CoA, the conformation of the Clamp domain, especially the Clamp-lid, undergoes a large structural change about 4.6 Å leading to formation of the substrate pocket. These structural observations, along with the biochemical experiments, suggest that movement of the Clamp-lid enables the substrate binding and ensures the acetoacetyl moiety is located near to the nicotinamide ring of NADP(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Directed evolution and structural analysis of NADPH-dependent Acetoacetyl Coenzyme A (Acetoacetyl-CoA) reductase from Ralstonia eutropha reveals two mutations responsible for enhanced kinetics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:6134-9. [PMID: 23913421 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01768-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-coenzyme A (acetoacetyl-CoA) reductase (PhaB) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)], along with β-ketothiolase (PhaA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaC). In this study, PhaB from Ralstonia eutropha was engineered by means of directed evolution consisting of an error-prone PCR-mediated mutagenesis and a P(3HB) accumulation-based in vivo screening system using Escherichia coli. From approximately 20,000 mutants, we obtained two mutant candidates bearing Gln47Leu (Q47L) and Thr173Ser (T173S) substitutions. The mutants exhibited kcat values that were 2.4-fold and 3.5-fold higher than that of the wild-type enzyme, respectively. In fact, the PhaB mutants did exhibit enhanced activity and P(3HB) accumulation when expressed in recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum. Comparative three-dimensional structural analysis of wild-type PhaB and highly active PhaB mutants revealed that the beneficial mutations affected the flexibility around the active site, which in turn played an important role in substrate recognition. Furthermore, both the kinetic analysis and crystal structure data supported the conclusion that PhaB forms a ternary complex with NADPH and acetoacetyl-CoA. These results suggest that the mutations affected the interaction with substrates, resulting in the acquirement of enhanced activity.
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Quantified High-Throughput Screening of Escherichia coli Producing Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Based on FACS. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1767-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Characterization of site-specific mutations in a short-chain-length/medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase: in vivo and in vitro studies of enzymatic activity and substrate specificity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3813-21. [PMID: 23584780 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00564-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturation point mutagenesis was carried out at position 479 in the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase from Chromobacterium sp. strain USM2 (PhaC(Cs)) with specificities for short-chain-length (SCL) [(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and (R)-3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV)] and medium-chain-length (MCL) [(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx)] monomers in an effort to enhance the specificity of the enzyme for 3HHx. A maximum 4-fold increase in 3HHx incorporation and a 1.6-fold increase in PHA biosynthesis, more than the wild-type synthase, was achieved using selected mutant synthases. These increases were subsequently correlated with improved synthase activity and increased preference of PhaC(Cs) for 3HHx monomers. We found that substitutions with uncharged residues were beneficial, as they resulted in enhanced PHA production and/or 3HHx incorporation. Further analysis led to postulations that the size and geometry of the substrate-binding pocket are determinants of PHA accumulation, 3HHx fraction, and chain length specificity. In vitro activities for polymerization of 3HV and 3HHx monomers were consistent with in vivo substrate specificities. Ultimately, the preference shown by wild-type and mutant synthases for either SCL (C(4) and C(5)) or MCL (C(6)) substrates substantiates the fundamental classification of PHA synthases.
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Numata K, Morisaki K, Tomizawa S, Ohtani M, Demura T, Miyazaki M, Nogi Y, Deguchi S, Doi Y. Synthesis of poly- and oligo(hydroxyalkanoate)s by deep-sea bacteria, Colwellia spp., Moritella spp., and Shewanella spp. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2013.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Advanced bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates: Towards a versatile and sustainable platform for unnatural tailor-made polyesters. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Numata K, Motoda Y, Watanabe S, Tochio N, Kigawa T, Doi Y. Active Intermediates of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase from Aeromonas caviae in Polymerization Reaction. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3450-5. [DOI: 10.1021/bm301276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Numata
- Enzyme Research Team, RIKEN
Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, 2-1
Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoko Motoda
- Enzyme Research Team, RIKEN
Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, 2-1
Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- NMR Pipeline Methodology Research
Team, RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoya Tochio
- NMR Pipeline Methodology Research
Team, RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takanori Kigawa
- NMR Pipeline Methodology Research
Team, RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Doi
- RIKEN Research Cluster for Innovation, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Nakayama Y. Hyperbranched polymeric "star vectors" for effective DNA or siRNA delivery. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:994-1004. [PMID: 22353143 DOI: 10.1021/ar200220t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although gene therapy offers an attractive strategy for treating inherited disorders, current techniques using viral and nonviral delivery systems have not yielded many successful results in clinical trials. Viral vectors such as retroviruses, lentiviruses, and adenoviruses deliver genes efficiently; however, the possibility of negative outcomes from viral transformation cannot be completely ruled out. In contrast, various types of nonviral vectors are attracting considerable attention because they are easier to handle and induce weak immune responses. Cationic polymers, such as polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide) (PDMAPAAm), can generate nanoparticles through the formation of polyion complexes, "polyplexes" with DNA. These nonviral systems offer many advantages over viral systems. The primary obstacle to implementing these cationic polymers in an effective gene therapy remains their comparatively inefficient gene transfection in vivo. We describe four strategies for the development of hyperbranched star vectors (SVs) for enhancing DNA or siRNA delivery. The molecular design was performed by living radical polymerization in which the chain length can be controlled by photoirradiation and solution conditions, including concentrations of the monomer or iniferter (a molecule that serves as a combination of initiator, transfer agent, and terminator). The branch composition is controlled by the types of monomers that are added stepwise. In our first strategy, we prepared a series of only cationic PDMAPAAm-based SVs with no branches or 3, 4, or 6 branching numbers. These SVs could form polyion complexes (polyplexes) by mixing with DNA only in aqueous solution. The relative gene expression activity of the delivered DNA increased according to the degree of branching. In addition, increasing the molecular weight of SVs and narrowing their polydispersity index (PDI) improved their activity. For targeting DNA delivery to the specific cells, we modified the SV with ligands. Interestingly, the SV could adsorb the RGD peptide, making gene transfer possible in endothelial cells which are usually refractory to such treatments. The peptide was added to the polyplex solution without covalent derivatization to the SV. The introduction of additional branching by cross-linking using iniferter-induced coupling reactions further improved gene transfection activity. After block copolymerization of PDMAPAAm-based SVs with a nonionic monomer (DMAAm), the blocked SVs (BSVs) produced polyplexes with DNA that had excellent colloidal stability for 1 month, leading to efficient in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. Moreover, BSVs served as carriers for siRNA delivery. BSVs enhanced siRNA-mediated gene silencing in mouse liver and lung. As an alternative approach, we developed a novel gene transfection method in which the polyplexes were kept in contact with their deposition surface by thermoresponsive blocking of the SV. This strategy was more effective than reverse transfection and the conventional transfection methods in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Nakayama
- Division of Medical Engineering and Materials, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
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Theodorou EC, Theodorou MC, Kyriakidis DA. Involvement of the AtoSCDAEB regulon in the high molecular weight poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis in phaCAB+ Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2012; 14:354-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Development of a bioprocess to convert PET derived terephthalic acid and biodiesel derived glycerol to medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:623-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang Q, Xia Y, Chen Q, Qi Q. Incremental truncation of PHA synthases results in altered product specificity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 50:293-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mutations derived from the thermophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase PhaC enhance the thermostability and activity of PhaC from Cupriavidus necator H16. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:2620-9. [PMID: 22408158 DOI: 10.1128/jb.06543-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermophile Cupriavidus sp. strain S-6 accumulated polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from glucose at 50°C. A 9.0-kbp EcoRI fragment cloned from the genomic DNA of Cupriavidus sp. S-6 enabled Escherichia coli XL1-Blue to synthesize PHB at 45°C. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed a pha locus in the clone. The thermophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase (PhaC(Csp)) shared 81% identity with mesophilic PhaC of Cupriavidus necator H16. The diversity between these two strains was found dominantly on their N and C termini, while the middle regions were highly homologous (92% identity). We constructed four chimeras of mesophilic and thermophilic phaC genes to explore the mutations related to its thermostability. Among the chimeras, only PhaC(H16β), which was PhaC(H16) bearing 30 point mutations derived from the middle region of PhaC(Csp), accumulated a high content of PHB (65% [dry weight]) at 45°C. The chimera phaC(H16)(β) and two parental PHA synthase genes were overexpressed in E. coli BLR(DE3) cells and purified. At 30°C, the specific activity of the chimera PhaC(H16β) (172 ± 17.8 U/mg) was 3.45-fold higher than that of the parental enzyme PhaC(H16) (50 ± 5.2 U/mg). At 45°C, the half-life of the chimera PhaC(H16β) (11.2 h) was 127-fold longer than that of PhaC(H16) (5.3 min). Furthermore, the chimera PhaC(H16β) accumulated 1.55-fold (59% [dry weight]) more PHA content than the parental enzyme PhaC(H16) (38% [dry weight]) at 37°C. This study reveals a limited number of point mutations which enhance not only thermostability but also PhaC(H16) activity. The highly thermostable and active PHA synthase will provide advantages for its promising applications to in vitro PHA synthesis and recombinant E. coli PHA fermentation.
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Watanabe Y, Ichinomiya Y, Shimada D, Saika A, Abe H, Taguchi S, Tsuge T. Development and validation of an HPLC-based screening method to acquire polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase mutants with altered substrate specificity. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:286-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nduko JM, Matsumoto K, Taguchi S. Biological Lactate-Polymers Synthesized by One-Pot Microbial Factory: Enzyme and Metabolic Engineering. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1105.ch014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Masani Nduko
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ken’ichiro Matsumoto
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Theodorou EC, Theodorou MC, Kyriakidis DA. AtoSC two-component system is involved in cPHB biosynthesis through fatty acid metabolism in E. coli. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:561-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Engineering of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase PhaC2Ps of Pseudomonas stutzeri via site-specific mutation for efficient production of PHA copolymers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:655-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Matsumoto K, Morimoto K, Gohda A, Shimada H, Taguchi S. Improved polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production in transgenic tobacco by enhancing translation efficiency of bacterial PHB biosynthetic genes. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:485-8. [PMID: 21185778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] was produced in the transgenic tobacco harboring the genes encoding acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (PhaB) and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PhaC) from Ralstonia eutropha (Cupriavidus necator) with optimized codon usage for expression in tobacco. P(3HB) contents in the transformants (0.2mg/g dry cell weight in average) harboring the codon-optimized phaB gene was twofold higher than the control transformants harboring the wild-type phaB gene. The immunodetection revealed an increased production of PhaB in leaves, indicating that the enhanced expression of PhaB was effective to increase P(3HB) production in tobacco. In contrast, codon-optimization of the phaC gene exhibited no apparent effect on P(3HB) production. This result suggests that the efficiency of PhaB-catalyzed reaction contributed to the flux toward P(3HB) biosynthesis in tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken'ichiro Matsumoto
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Hokkaido University, N13-W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
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Characterization of the highly active polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase of Chromobacterium sp. strain USM2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:2926-33. [PMID: 21398494 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01997-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is very much dependent on the expression and activity of a key enzyme, PHA synthase (PhaC). Many efforts are being pursued to enhance the activity and broaden the substrate specificity of PhaC. Here, we report the identification of a highly active wild-type PhaC belonging to the recently isolated Chromobacterium sp. USM2 (PhaC(Cs)). PhaC(Cs) showed the ability to utilize 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) monomers in PHA biosynthesis. An in vitro assay of recombinant PhaC(Cs) expressed in Escherichia coli showed that its polymerization of 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A activity was nearly 8-fold higher (2,462 ± 80 U/g) than that of the synthase from the model strain C. necator (307 ± 24 U/g). Specific activity using a Strep2-tagged, purified PhaC(Cs) was 238 ± 98 U/mg, almost 5-fold higher than findings of previous studies using purified PhaC from C. necator. Efficient poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] accumulation in Escherichia coli expressing PhaC(Cs) of up to 76 ± 2 weight percent was observed within 24 h of cultivation. To date, this is the highest activity reported for a purified PHA synthase. PhaC(Cs) is a naturally occurring, highly active PHA synthase with superior polymerizing ability.
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MATSUMOTO K. Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Copolymers in Transgenic Plants Expressing Engineered Enzymes. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2011. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.68.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Current advances in microbial cell factories for lactate-based polyesters driven by lactate-polymerizing enzymes: Towards the further creation of new LA-based polyesters. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Matsumoto K, Takase K, Yamamoto Y, Doi Y, Taguchi S. Chimeric enzyme composed of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases from Ralstonia eutropha and Aeromonas caviae enhances production of PHAs in recombinant Escherichia coli. Biomacromolecules 2010; 10:682-5. [PMID: 19226108 DOI: 10.1021/bm801386j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric enzymes composed of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases from Ralstonia eutropha (Cupriavidus necator) (PhaC(Re)) and Aeromonas caviae (PhaC(Ac)) were constructed. PhaC(Re) is known for its potent enzymatic activity among the characterized PHA synthases. PhaCAc has broad substrate specificity and synthesizes short-chain-length (SCL)/medium-chain-length (MCL) PHA. We attempted to create chimeric enzymes inheriting both of the advantageous properties. Among eight chimeras, AcRe12, with 26% of the N-terminal of PhaC(Ac) and 74% of the C-terminal of PhaC(Re), exhibited comparable P(3-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation as parental enzymes in Escherichia coli JM109. Thus, AcRe12 was applied to SCL/MCL PHA production using E. coli LS5218 as the host. AcRe12 accumulated higher amount of PHA (50 wt %) than the parental enzymes. Furthermore, the PHA consisted of 2 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate as well as 3-hydroxybutyrate. Therefore, the chimeric PHA synthase, AcRe12, inherited the character of both of the parental enzymes and thus exhibits improved enzymatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken'ichiro Matsumoto
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Enzymatic and whole-cell synthesis of lactate-containing polyesters: toward the complete biological production of polylactate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:921-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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