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Erian AM, Sauer M. Utilizing yeasts for the conversion of renewable feedstocks to sugar alcohols - a review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126296. [PMID: 34798255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugar alcohols are widely marketed compounds. They are useful building block chemicals and of particular value as low- or non-calorigenic sweeteners, serving as sugar substitutes in the food industry. To date most sugar alcohols are produced by chemical routes using pure sugars, but a transition towards the use of renewable, non-edible feedstocks is anticipated. Several yeasts are naturally able to convert renewable feedstocks, such as lignocellulosic substrates, glycerol and molasses, into sugar alcohols. These bioconversions often face difficulties to obtain sufficiently high yields and productivities necessary for industrialization. This review provides insight into the most recent studies on utilizing yeasts for the conversion of renewable feedstocks to diverse sugar alcohols, including xylitol, erythritol, mannitol and arabitol. Moreover, metabolic approaches are highlighted that specifically target shortcomings of sugar alcohol production by yeasts from these renewable substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Erian
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- CD-Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Polozsányi Z, Kaliňák M, Babjak M, Šimkovič M, Varečka Ľ. How to enter the state of dormancy? A suggestion by Trichoderma atroviride conidia. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:934-949. [PMID: 34649680 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that conidia, propagules of filamentous fungi, exist in the state of dormancy. This state is defined mostly phenomenologically, e.g., by germination requirements. Its molecular characteristics are scarce and are concentrated on the water or osmolyte content, and/or respiration. However, a question of whether conidia are metabolic or ametabolic forms of life cannot be answered on the basis of available experimental data. In other words, are mature conidia open thermodynamic systems as are mycelia, or do they become closed upon the transition to the dormant state? In this article, we present observations which may help to define the transition of freshly formed conidia to the putative dormant forms using measurements of selected enzyme activities, 1H- and 13C-NMR and LC-MS-metabolomes, and 14C-bicarbonate or 45Ca2+ inward transport. We have found that Trichoderma atroviride and Aspergillus niger conidia arrest the 45Ca2+ uptake during the development stopping thereby the cyclic (i.e., bidirectional) Ca2+ flow existing in vegetative mycelia and conidia of T. atroviride across the cytoplasmic membrane. Furthermore, we have found that the activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase was rendered completely inactive after 3 weeks from the conidia formation unlike of other central carbon metabolism enzymes. This may explain the loss of conidial respiration. Finally, we found that conidia take up the H14CO3- and convert it into few stable compounds within 80 d of maturation, with minor quantitative differences in the extent of this process. The uptake of H13CO3- confirmed these observation and demonstrated the incorporation of H13CO3- even in the absence of exogenous substrates. These results suggest that T. atroviride conidia remain metabolically active during first ten weeks of maturation. Under these circumstances, their metabolism displays features similar to those of chemoautotrophic microorganisms. However, the Ca2+ homeostasis changed from the open to the closed thermodynamic state during the early period of conidial maturation. These results may be helpful for studying the conidial ageing and/or maturation, and for defining the conidial dormant state in biochemical terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Polozsányi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Kaliňák
- Central Laboratories, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Babjak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Šimkovič
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ľudovít Varečka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zhu CY, Zhu YH, Zhou HP, Xu YY, Gao J, Zhang YW. Cloning, expression, and characterization of an arabitol dehydrogenase and coupled with NADH oxidase for effective production of L-xylulose. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:590-597. [PMID: 34528864 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1975299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH) gene was cloned from a bacterium named Aspergillus nidulans and expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli. The purified ArDH exhibited the maximal activity in pH 9.5 Tris-HCl buffer at 40 °C, showed Km and Vmax of 1.2 mg/mL and 9.1 U/mg, respectively. The ArDH was used to produce the L-xylulose and coupled with the NADH oxidase (Nox) for the regeneration of NAD+. In further optimization, a high conversion of 84.6% in 8 hours was achieved under the optimal conditions: 20 mM of xylitol, 100 µM NAD+ in pH 9.0 Tris-HCl buffer at 30 °C. The results indicated the coupling system with cofactor regeneration provides a promising approach for L-xylulose production from xylitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hao Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Ping Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
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4
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Promising Pathway of Thermostable Mannitol Dehydrogenase (MtDH) from Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis 108 for D-Mannitol Synthesis. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8060076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted the characterization and purification of the thermostable mannitol dehydrogenase (MtDH) from Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis 108. Furthermore, a coupling-enzyme system was designed using (MtDH) from Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis 108 and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Ogataea parapolymorpha. The biotransformation system was constructed using Escherichia coli whole cells. The purified enzyme native and subunit molecular masses were 76.7 and 38 kDa, respectively, demonstrating that the enzyme was a dimer. The purified and couple enzyme system results were as follows; the optimum pH for the reduction and the oxidation was 7.0 and 8.0, the optimum temperature was 60 °C, the enzyme activity was inhibited by EDTA and restored by zinc. Additionally, no activity was detected with NADPH and NADP. The purified enzyme showed high catalytic efficiency Kcat 385 s−1, Km 31.8 mM, and kcat/Km 12.1 mM−1 s−1 for D-fructose reduction. Moreover, the purified enzyme retained 80%, 75%, 60%, and 10% of its initial activity after 4 h at 55, 60, 65, and 75 °C, respectively. D-mannitol yield was achieved via HPLC. Escherichia coli are the efficient biotransformation mediator to produce D-mannitol (byproducts free) at high temperature and staple pH, resulting in a significant D-mannitol conversation (41 mg/mL) from 5% D-fructose.
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Koko MYF, Mu W, Hassanin HAM, Zhang S, Lu H, Mohammed JK, Hussain M, Baokun Q, Yang L. Archaeal hyperthermostable mannitol dehydrogenases: A promising industrial enzymes for d-mannitol synthesis. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109638. [PMID: 33233217 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the term healthy lifestyle connected to low-calorie diets, although it is not possible to get rid of added sugars as a source of energy, despite the close relation of added sugars to some diseases such as obesity, diabetes, etc. As a result, the sweetener market has flourished, which has led to increased demand for natural sweeteners such as polyols, including d-mannitol. Various methods have been developed to produce d-mannitol to achieve high productivity and low cost. In particular, metabolic engineering for d-mannitol considers one of the most promising approaches for d-mannitol production on the industrial scale. To date, the chemical process is not ideal for large-scale production because of its multistep mechanism involving hydrogenation and high cost. In this review, we highlight and present a comparative evaluation of the biochemical parameters that affecting d-mannitol synthesis from Thermotoga neapolitana and Thermotoga maritima mannitol dehydrogenase (MtDH) as a potential contribution for d-mannitol bio-synthesis. These species were selected because purified mannitol dehydrogenases from both strains have been reported to produce d-mannitol with no sorbitol formation under temperatures (90-120 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Yagoub Farag Koko
- Department of Food, Grease and Vegetable Protein Engineering, School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | | | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Food, Grease and Vegetable Protein Engineering, School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Food, Grease and Vegetable Protein Engineering, School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | | | - Muhammad Hussain
- Department of Food, Grease and Vegetable Protein Engineering, School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Qi Baokun
- Department of Food, Grease and Vegetable Protein Engineering, School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Food, Grease and Vegetable Protein Engineering, School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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Xu W, Lu F, Wu H, Zhang W, Guang C. Identification of a highly thermostable mannitol 2-dehydrogenase from Caldicellulosiruptor morganii Rt8.B8 and its application for the preparation of D-mannitol. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Gonçalves C, Ferreira C, Gonçalves LG, Turner DL, Leandro MJ, Salema-Oom M, Santos H, Gonçalves P. A New Pathway for Mannitol Metabolism in Yeasts Suggests a Link to the Evolution of Alcoholic Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2510. [PMID: 31736930 PMCID: PMC6838020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeasts belonging to the Wickerhamiella and Starmerella genera (W/S clade) share a distinctive evolutionary history marked by loss and subsequent reinstatement of alcoholic fermentation mediated by horizontal gene transfer events. Species in this clade also share unusual features of metabolism, namely the preference for fructose over glucose as carbon source, a rare trait known as fructophily. Here we show that fructose may be the preferred sugar in W/S-clade species because, unlike glucose, it can be converted directly to mannitol in a reaction with impact on redox balance. According to our results, mannitol is excreted to the growth medium in appreciable amounts along with other fermentation products such as glycerol and ethanol but unlike the latter metabolites mannitol production increases with temperature. We used comparative genomics to find genes involved in mannitol metabolism and established the mannitol biosynthesis pathway in W/S-clade species Starmerella bombicola using molecular genetics tools. Surprisingly, mannitol production seems to be so important that St. bombicola (and other W/S-clade species) deploys a novel pathway to mediate the conversion of glucose to fructose, thereby allowing cells to produce mannitol even when glucose is the sole carbon source. Using targeted mutations and 13C-labeled glucose followed by NMR analysis of end-products, we showed that the novel mannitol biosynthesis pathway involves fructose-6-phosphate as an intermediate, implying a key role for a yet unknown fructose-6-P phosphatase. We hypothesize that mannitol production contributed to mitigate the negative effects on redox balance of the ancient loss of alcoholic fermentation in the W/S clade. Presently, mannitol also seems to play a role in stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gonçalves
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carolina Ferreira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís G Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David L Turner
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria José Leandro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Gonçalves
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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8
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You ZN, Chen Q, Shi SC, Zheng MM, Pan J, Qian XL, Li CX, Xu JH. Switching Cofactor Dependence of 7β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase for Cost-Effective Production of Ursodeoxycholic Acid. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Neng You
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shou-Cheng Shi
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ming-Min Zheng
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiang Pan
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Long Qian
- Suzhou Bioforany EnzyTech Co. Ltd., No. 8 Yanjiuyuan Road, Economic Development Zone, Changshu, Jiangsu 215512, China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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9
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Gonçalves C, Wisecaver JH, Kominek J, Oom MS, Leandro MJ, Shen XX, Opulente DA, Zhou X, Peris D, Kurtzman CP, Hittinger CT, Rokas A, Gonçalves P. Evidence for loss and reacquisition of alcoholic fermentation in a fructophilic yeast lineage. eLife 2018; 7:33034. [PMID: 29648535 PMCID: PMC5897096 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructophily is a rare trait that consists of the preference for fructose over other carbon sources. Here, we show that in a yeast lineage (the Wickerhamiella/Starmerella, W/S clade) comprised of fructophilic species thriving in the high-sugar floral niche, the acquisition of fructophily is concurrent with a wider remodeling of central carbon metabolism. Coupling comparative genomics with biochemical and genetic approaches, we gathered ample evidence for the loss of alcoholic fermentation in an ancestor of the W/S clade and subsequent reinstatement through either horizontal acquisition of homologous bacterial genes or modification of a pre-existing yeast gene. An enzyme required for sucrose assimilation was also acquired from bacteria, suggesting that the genetic novelties identified in the W/S clade may be related to adaptation to the high-sugar environment. This work shows how even central carbon metabolism can be remodeled by a surge of HGT events. Cells build their components, such as the molecular machinery that helps them obtain energy from their environment, by following the instructions contained in genes. This genetic information is usually transferred from parents to offspring. Over the course of several generations, genes can accumulate small changes and the molecules they code for can acquire new roles: yet, this process is normally slow. However, certain organisms can also obtain completely new genes by ‘stealing’ them from other species. For example, yeasts, such as the ones used to make bread and beer, can take genes from nearby bacteria. This ‘horizontal gene transfer’ helps organisms to rapidly gain new characteristics, which is particularly useful if the environment changes quickly. One way that yeasts get the energy they need is by breaking down sugars through a process called alcoholic fermentation. To do this, most yeast species prefer to use a sugar called glucose, but a small group of ‘fructophilic’ species instead favors a type of sugar known as fructose. Scientists do not know exactly how fructophilic yeasts came to be, but there is some evidence horizontal gene transfers may have been involved in the process. Now, Gonçalves et al. have compared the genetic material of fructophilic yeasts with that of other groups of yeasts . Comparing genetic material helps scientists identify similarities and differences between species, and gives clues about why specific genetic features first evolved. The experiments show that, early in their history, fructophilic yeasts lost the genes that allowed them to do alcoholic fermentation, probably since they could obtain energy in a different way. However, at a later point in time, these yeasts had to adapt to survive in flower nectar, an environment rich in sugar. They then favored fructose as their source of energy, possibly because this sugar can compensate more effectively for the absence of alcoholic fermentation. Later, the yeasts acquired a gene from nearby bacteria, which allowed them to do alcoholic fermentation again: this improved their ability to use the other sugars present in flower nectars. When obtaining energy, yeasts and other organisms produce substances that are relevant to industry. Studying natural processes of evolution can help scientists understand how organisms can change the way they get their energy and adapt to new challenges. In turn, this helps to engineer yeasts into ‘cell factories’ that produce valuable chemicals in environmentally friendly and cost-effective ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gonçalves
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jennifer H Wisecaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Jacek Kominek
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Madalena Salema Oom
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria José Leandro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal.,LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Unidade de Bioenergia (UB), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Xing-Xing Shen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Dana A Opulente
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Peris
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cletus P Kurtzman
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, United States
| | - Chris Todd Hittinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.,Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Paula Gonçalves
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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10
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Qi X, Zhang H, Magocha TA, An Y, Yun J, Yang M, Xue Y, Liang S, Sun W, Cao Z. Improved xylitol production by expressing a novel d-arabitol dehydrogenase from isolated Gluconobacter sp. JX-05 and co-biotransformation of whole cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 235:50-58. [PMID: 28364633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel ardh gene encoding d-arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli from a new isolated strain of Gluconobacter sp. JX-05. Sequence analysis revealed that ArDH containing a NAD(P)-binding motif and a classical active site motif belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase family. Subsequently, the optimal pH and temperature, specific activities and kinetic parameter of ArDH were determined. In the co-biotransformation by the whole cells of BL21-ardh and BL21-xdh, 26.1g/L xylitol was produced from 30g/L d-arabitol in 22h with a yield of 0.87g/g. The xylitol production was increased by more than two times as compared with that of Gluconobacter sp. alone, and was improved 10.1% than that of Gluconobacter sp. mixed with BL21-xdh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tinashe Archbold Magocha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingfeng An
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuhua Liang
- Nanning Bioclone Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 5 Keyuan Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 611 Charles E. Young Dr. E, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
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11
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Koko MYF, Hassanin HAM, Letsididi R, Zhang T, Mu W. Characterization of a thermostable mannitol dehydrogenase from hyperthermophilic Thermotoga neapolitana DSM 4359 with potential application in mannitol production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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P212A Mutant of Dihydrodaidzein Reductase Enhances (S)-Equol Production and Enantioselectivity in a Recombinant Escherichia coli Whole-Cell Reaction System. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1992-2002. [PMID: 26801575 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03584-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(S)-Equol, a gut bacterial isoflavone derivative, has drawn great attention because of its potent use for relieving female postmenopausal symptoms and preventing prostate cancer. Previous studies have reported on the dietary isoflavone metabolism of several human gut bacteria and the involved enzymes for conversion of daidzein to (S)-equol. However, the anaerobic growth conditions required by the gut bacteria and the low productivity and yield of (S)-equol limit its efficient production using only natural gut bacteria. In this study, the low (S)-equol biosynthesis of gut microorganisms was overcome by cloning the four enzymes involved in the biosynthesis from Slackia isoflavoniconvertens into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The reaction conditions were optimized for (S)-equol production from the recombinant strain, and this recombinant system enabled the efficient conversion of 200 μM and 1 mM daidzein to (S)-equol under aerobic conditions, achieving yields of 95% and 85%, respectively. Since the biosynthesis of trans-tetrahydrodaidzein was found to be a rate-determining step for (S)-equol production, dihydrodaidzein reductase (DHDR) was subjected to rational site-directed mutagenesis. The introduction of the DHDR P212A mutation increased the (S)-equol productivity from 59.0 mg/liter/h to 69.8 mg/liter/h in the whole-cell reaction. The P212A mutation caused an increase in the (S)-dihydrodaidzein enantioselectivity by decreasing the overall activity of DHDR, resulting in undetectable activity for (R)-dihydrodaidzein, such that a combination of the DHDR P212A mutant with dihydrodaidzein racemase enabled the production of (3S,4R)-tetrahydrodaidzein with an enantioselectivity of >99%.
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The mannitol utilization system of the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:1799-812. [PMID: 25548051 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02808-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannitol is a polyol that occurs in a wide range of living organisms, where it fulfills different physiological roles. In particular, mannitol can account for as much as 20 to 30% of the dry weight of brown algae and is likely to be an important source of carbon for marine heterotrophic bacteria. Zobellia galactanivorans (Flavobacteriia) is a model for the study of pathways involved in the degradation of seaweed carbohydrates. Annotation of its genome revealed the presence of genes potentially involved in mannitol catabolism, and we describe here the biochemical characterization of a recombinant mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (M2DH) and a fructokinase (FK). Among the observations, the M2DH of Z. galactanivorans was active as a monomer, did not require metal ions for catalysis, and featured a narrow substrate specificity. The FK characterized was active on fructose and mannose in the presence of a monocation, preferentially K(+). Furthermore, the genes coding for these two proteins were adjacent in the genome and were located directly downstream of three loci likely to encode an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, suggesting organization into an operon. Gene expression analysis supported this hypothesis and showed the induction of these five genes after culture of Z. galactanivorans in the presence of mannitol as the sole source of carbon. This operon for mannitol catabolism was identified in only 6 genomes of Flavobacteriaceae among the 76 publicly available at the time of the analysis. It is not conserved in all Bacteroidetes; some species contain a predicted mannitol permease instead of a putative ABC transporter complex upstream of M2DH and FK ortholog genes.
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Shao Z, Zhang P, Li Q, Wang X, Duan D. Characterization of mannitol-2-dehydrogenase in Saccharina japonica: evidence for a new polyol-specific long-chain dehydrogenases/reductase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97935. [PMID: 24830763 PMCID: PMC4022671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannitol plays a crucial role in brown algae, acting as carbon storage, organic osmolytes and antioxidant. Transcriptomic analysis of Saccharina japonica revealed that the relative genes involved in the mannitol cycle are existent. Full-length sequence of mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (M2DH) gene was obtained, with one open reading frame of 2,007 bp which encodes 668 amino acids. Cis-regulatory elements for response to methyl jasmonic acid, light and drought existed in the 5'-upstream region. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SjM2DH has an ancient prokaryotic origin, and is probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer event. Multiple alignment and spatial structure prediction displayed a series of conserved functional residues, motifs and domains, which favored that SjM2DH belongs to the polyol-specific long-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (PSLDR) family. Expressional profiles of SjM2DH in the juvenile sporophytes showed that it was influenced by saline, oxidative and desiccative factors. SjM2DH was over-expressed in Escherichia coli, and the cell-free extracts with recombinant SjM2DH displayed high activity on D-fructose reduction reaction. The analysis on SjM2DH gene structure and biochemical parameters reached a consensus that activity of SjM2DH is NADH-dependent and metal ion-independent. The characterization of SjM2DH showed that M2DH is a new member of PSLDR family and play an important role in mannitol metabolism in S. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanru Shao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuliang Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Delin Duan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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15
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Reinhardt N, Fischer J, Coppi R, Blum E, Brandt W, Dräger B. Substrate flexibility and reaction specificity of tropinone reductase-like short-chain dehydrogenases. Bioorg Chem 2014; 53:37-49. [PMID: 24583623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Annotations of protein or gene sequences from large scale sequencing projects are based on protein size, characteristic binding motifs, and conserved catalytic amino acids, but biochemical functions are often uncertain. In the large family of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs), functional predictions often fail. Putative tropinone reductases, named tropinone reductase-like (TRL), are SDRs annotated in many genomes of organisms that do not contain tropane alkaloids. SDRs in vitro often accept several substrates complicating functional assignments. Cochlearia officinalis, a Brassicaceae, contains tropane alkaloids, in contrast to the closely related Arabidopsis thaliana. TRLs from Arabidopsis and the tropinone reductase isolated from Cochlearia (CoTR) were investigated for their catalytic capacity. In contrast to CoTR, none of the Arabidopsis TRLs reduced tropinone in vitro. NAD(H) and NADP(H) preferences were relaxed in two TRLs, and protein homology models revealed flexibility of amino acid residues in the active site allowing binding of both cofactors. TRLs reduced various carbonyl compounds, among them terpene ketones. The reduction was stereospecific for most of TRLs investigated, and the corresponding terpene alcohol oxidation was stereoselective. Carbonyl compounds that were identified to serve as substrates were applied for modeling pharmacophores of each TRL. A database of commercially available compounds was screened using the pharmacophores. Compounds identified as potential substrates were confirmed by turnover in vitro. Thus pharmacophores may contribute to better predictability of biochemical functions of SDR enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Reinhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Juliane Fischer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ralph Coppi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Elke Blum
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Birgit Dräger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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Urbanova V, Kohring GW, Klein T, Wang Z, Mert O, Emrullahoglu M, Buran K, Demir AS, Etienne M, Walcarius A. Sol-gel Approaches for Elaboration of Polyol Dehydrogenase-Based Bioelectrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This review describes the input of sol-gel chemistry to the immobilization of polyol dehydrogenases on electrodes, for applications in bioelectrocatalysis. The polyol dehydrogenases are described and their application for biosensing, biofuel cell and electrosynthesis are briefly discussed. The immobilization of proteins via sol-gel approaches is described, including a discussion on the difficulty to maintain the activity of proteins in a silica matrix and the strategies developed to offer a proper environment to the proteins by developing optimal organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Finally, the co-immobilization of the NAD
+
co-factor and of mediators for the elaboration of reagentless devices is presented, based on published and original data. All-in-all, sol-gel approaches appear to be a very promising for development of original electrochemical applications involving dehydrogenases in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Urbanova
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Lab. de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie, Villers-les-Nancy, Frankreich
| | | | - Tobias Klein
- Saarland University, Microbiology, Saarbrücken, Deutschland
| | - Zhijie Wang
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Lab. de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie, Villers-les-Nancy, Frankreich
| | - Olcay Mert
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Türkei
| | | | - Kerem Buran
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Türkei
| | - Ayhan S. Demir
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Türkei
| | | | - Alain Walcarius
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Lab. de Chemie Physique et Microbiologie, Villers-les-Nancy, Frankreich
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17
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Zhang J, Li S, Xu H, Zhou P, Zhang L, Ouyang P. Purification of xylitol dehydrogenase and improved production of xylitol by increasing XDH activity and NADH supply in Gluconobacter oxydans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2861-7. [PMID: 23432201 DOI: 10.1021/jf304983d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gluconobacter oxydans is known to be a suitable candidate for producing xylitol from d-arabitol. In this study, the enzyme responsible for reducing d-xylulose to xylitol was purified from G. oxydans NH-10 and characterized as xylitol dehydrogenase. It has been reported that XDH depends exclusively on NAD(+)/NADH as cofactors with a relatively low activity, which was proposed to be the direct reason for its limiting the overall conversion process. To better produce xylitol, an engineered G. oxydans PXPG was constructed to coexpress the XDH gene and a cofactor regeneration enzyme (glucose dehydrogenase) gene from Bacillus subtilis. Activities for both enzymes were more than twofold higher in the G. oxydans PXPG than in the wild strain. Approximately 12.23 g/L xylitol was obtained from 30 g/L d-arabitol by resting cells of the engineered strain with a conversion yield of 40.8%, whereas only 7.56 g/L xylitol was produced by the wild strain with a yield of 25.2%. These results demonstrated that increasing the XDH activity and the cofactor NADH supply could improve the xylitol productivity notably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, ‡College of Food Science and Light Industry, and §College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology , Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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18
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Schweiger P, Gross H, Zeiser J, Deppenmeier U. Asymmetric reduction of diketones by two Gluconobacter oxydans oxidoreductases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:3475-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Savergave LS, Gadre RV, Vaidya BK, Jogdand VV. Two-stage fermentation process for enhanced mannitol production using Candida magnoliae mutant R9. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:193-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Saha BC, Racine FM. Biotechnological production of mannitol and its applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:879-91. [PMID: 21063702 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mannitol, a naturally occurring polyol (sugar alcohol), is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, medical, and chemical industries. The production of mannitol by fermentation has become attractive because of the problems associated with its production chemically. A number of homo- and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, and filamentous fungi are known to produce mannitol. In particular, several heterofermentative LAB are excellent producers of mannitol from fructose. These bacteria convert fructose to mannitol with 100% yields from a mixture of glucose and fructose (1:2). Glucose is converted to lactic acid and acetic acid, and fructose is converted to mannitol. The enzyme responsible for conversion of fructose to mannitol is NADPH- or NADH-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH). Fructose can also be converted to mannitol by using MDH in the presence of the cofactor NADPH or NADH. A two enzyme system can be used for cofactor regeneration with simultaneous conversion of two substrates into two products. Mannitol at 180 g l(-1) can be crystallized out from the fermentation broth by cooling crystallization. This paper reviews progress to date in the production of mannitol by fermentation and using enzyme technology, downstream processing, and applications of mannitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal C Saha
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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21
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Crystal structure of the NADP-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase from Cladosporium herbarum: Implications for oligomerisation and catalysis. Biochimie 2010; 92:985-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Stereochemistry of furfural reduction by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae aldehyde reductase that contributes to in situ furfural detoxification. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4926-32. [PMID: 20525870 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00542-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ari1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, recently identified as an intermediate-subclass short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, contributes in situ to the detoxification of furfural. Furfural inhibits efficient ethanol production by yeast, particularly when the carbon source is acid-treated lignocellulose, which contains furfural at a relatively high concentration. NADPH is Ari1p's best known hydride donor. Here we report the stereochemistry of the hydride transfer step, determined by using (4R)-[4-(2)H]NADPD and (4S)-[4-(2)H]NADPD and unlabeled furfural in Ari1p-catalyzed reactions and following the deuterium atom into products 2-furanmethanol or NADP(+). Analysis of the products demonstrates unambiguously that Ari1p directs hydride transfer from the si face of NADPH to the re face of furfural. The singular orientation of substrates enables construction of a model of the Michaelis complex in the Ari1p active site. The model reveals hydrophobic residues near the furfural binding site that, upon mutation, may increase specificity for furfural and enhance enzyme performance. Using (4S)-[4-(2)H]NADPD and NADPH as substrates, primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects of 2.2 and 2.5 were determined for the steady-state parameters k(cat)(NADPH) and k(cat)/K(m)(NADPH), respectively, indicating that hydride transfer is partially rate limiting to catalysis.
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23
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Cheng H, Li Z, Jiang N, Deng Z. Cloning, purification and characterization of an NAD-Dependent D-Arabitol dehydrogenase from acetic acid bacterium, Acetobacter suboxydans. Protein J 2010; 28:263-72. [PMID: 19629658 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-009-9191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
D-Xylulose-forming D-arabitol dehydrogenase (aArDH) is a key enzyme in the bio-conversion of D-arabitol to xylitol. In this study, we cloned the NAD-dependent D-xylulose-forming D-arabitol dehydrogenase gene from an acetic acid bacterium, Acetobacter suboxydans sp. The enzyme was purified from A. suboxydans sp. and was heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli. The native or recombinant enzyme was preferred NAD(H) to NADP(H) as coenzyme. The active recombinant aArDH expressed in E. coli is a homodimer, whereas the native aArDH in A. suboxydans is a homotetramer. On SDS-PAGE, the recombinant and native aArDH give one protein band at the position corresponding to 28 kDa. The optimum pH of polyol oxidation and ketone reduction is found to be pH 8.5 and 5.5 respectively. The highest reaction rate is observed when D-arabitol is used as the substrate (K (m) = 4.5 mM) and the product is determined to be D-xylulose by HPLC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Cheng
- Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200194, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Wang ZL, Ying SH, Feng MG. Gene cloning and catalysis features of a new mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (BbMPD) from Beauveria bassiana. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Parmentier S, Arnaut F, Soetaert W, Vandamme EJ. Enzymatic production of D-mannitol with theLeuconostocpseudomesenteroides mannitol dehydrogenase coupled to a coenzyme regeneration system. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Haghighatian M, Mofid MR, Nekouei MK, Yaghmaei P, Tafreshi AH. Isomalt production by cloning, purifying and expressing of the MDH gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50106 in different strains of E. coli. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 11:2001-6. [PMID: 19266906 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.2001.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A NADH-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase gene (mtlD) was cloned from Pseudomonas fluorescens, subcloned into an expression vector (pDEST110) and entered into different strains of E. coli to compare their protein expression and the enzyme specific activity. Purifications were accomplished by Ni(2+)-NTA affinity chromatography. Using this approach, the efficiency of purification process significantly increased (up to 90%) so that the purified enzyme gave a sharp single band (55 kDa) in SDS-PAGE. The results showed that among the strains, BL21 (DE3) plysS exhibited the maximum expression level of MDH(mannitol dehydrogenase) (11 mg L(-1)). Results from activity assay with fructose as substrate also showed that in this strain the specific activity of 63 U mg(-1) protein monitored for the enzyme, the record not reported before. Resazurin staining also indicated that the enzyme reduced fructose, whereas oxidized other substrates including mannitol, sorbitol and arabitol under optimal assay condition. From HPLC analysis it was showed for the first time that the enzyme could convert substrate isomaltulose to the specific products, GPM and GPS. Interestingly, because of the high specificity of the enzyme for substrate, the method can be used as an alternative approach to substitute nonspecific conventional method of isomalt production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haghighatian
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
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27
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Korman TP, Tan YH, Wong J, Luo R, Tsai SC. Inhibition kinetics and emodin cocrystal structure of a type II polyketide ketoreductase. Biochemistry 2008; 47:1837-47. [PMID: 18205400 DOI: 10.1021/bi7016427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Type II polyketides are a class of natural products that include pharmaceutically important aromatic compounds such as the antibiotic tetracycline and antitumor compound doxorubicin. The type II polyketide synthase (PKS) is a complex consisting of 5-10 standalone domains homologous to fatty acid synthase (FAS). Polyketide ketoreductase (KR) provides regio- and stereochemical diversity during the reduction. How the type II polyketide KR specifically reduces only the C9 carbonyl group is not well understood. The cocrystal structures of actinorhodin polyketide ketoreductase (actKR) bound with NADPH or NADP+ and the inhibitor emodin were solved with the wild type and P94L mutant of actKR, revealing the first observation of a bent p-quinone in an enzyme active site. Molecular dynamics simulation help explain the origin of the bent geometry. Extensive screening for in vitro substrates shows that unlike FAS KR, the actKR prefers bicyclic substrates. Inhibition kinetics indicate that actKR follows an ordered Bi Bi mechanism. Together with docking simulations that identified a potential phosphopantetheine binding groove, the structural and functional studies reveal that the C9 specificity is a result of active site geometry and substrate ring constraints. The results lay the foundation for the design of novel aromatic polyketide natural products with different reduction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Paz Korman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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28
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Lo Cascio G, Dalle Carbonare L, Maccacaro L, Caliari F, Ligozzi M, Lo Cascio V, Fontana R. First case of bloodstream infection due to Candida magnoliae in a Chinese oncological patient. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3470-3. [PMID: 17652486 PMCID: PMC2045334 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00934-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of fungemia caused by Candida magnoliae, a yeast never associated with human disease. The infection occurred in a 42-year-old Chinese patient with gastric cancer complicated by peritoneal carcinosis. Multiple blood cultures were positive for yeast; the species was well identified with biochemical and molecular methods. The phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship of C. magnoliae to Candida krusei.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lo Cascio
- Servizio di Microbiologia, Ospedale G.B., Rossi, Verona, Italy.
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29
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Nie Y, Xu Y, Mu XQ, Wang HY, Yang M, Xiao R. Purification, characterization, gene cloning, and expression of a novel alcohol dehydrogenase with anti-prelog stereospecificity from Candida parapsilosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:3759-64. [PMID: 17435004 PMCID: PMC1932682 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02185-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An alcohol dehydrogenase from Candida parapsilosis CCTCC M203011 was characterized along with its biochemical activity and structural gene. The amino acid sequence shows similarity to those of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases but no overall identity to known proteins. This enzyme with unusual stereospecificity catalyzes an anti-Prelog reduction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone to (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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30
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Solomon PS, Waters ODC, Oliver RP. Decoding the mannitol enigma in filamentous fungi. Trends Microbiol 2007; 15:257-62. [PMID: 17442575 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mannitol is a 6-carbon polyol that is among the most abundant biochemical compounds in the biosphere. Mannitol has been ascribed a multitude of roles in filamentous fungi including carbohydrate storage, reservoir of reducing power, stress tolerance and spore dislodgement and/or dispersal. The advancement of genetic manipulation techniques in filamentous fungi has rapidly accelerated our understanding of the roles and metabolism of mannitol. The targeted deletion of genes encoding proteins of mannitol metabolism in several fungi, including phytopathogens, has proven that the metabolism of mannitol does not exist as a cycle and that many of the postulated roles are unsupported. These recent studies have provided a much needed focus on this mysterious metabolite and make this a fitting time to review the roles and metabolism of mannitol in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Solomon
- Australian Centre for Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens, SABC, Division of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
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Vélëz H, Glassbrook NJ, Daub ME. Mannitol metabolism in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata. Fungal Genet Biol 2007; 44:258-68. [PMID: 17092745 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mannitol metabolism in fungi is thought to occur through a mannitol cycle first described in 1978. In this cycle, mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17) was proposed to reduce fructose 6-phosphate into mannitol 1-phosphate, followed by dephosphorylation by a mannitol 1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.22) resulting in inorganic phosphate and mannitol. Mannitol would be converted back to fructose by the enzyme mannitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.138). Although mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase was proposed as the major biosynthetic enzyme and mannitol dehydrogenase as a degradative enzyme, both enzymes catalyze their respective reverse reactions. To date the cycle has not been confirmed through genetic analysis. We conducted enzyme assays that confirmed the presence of these enzymes in a tobacco isolate of Alternaria alternata. Using a degenerate primer strategy, we isolated the genes encoding the enzymes and used targeted gene disruption to create mutants deficient in mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase, mannitol dehydrogenase, or both. PCR analysis confirmed gene disruption in the mutants, and enzyme assays demonstrated a lack of enzymatic activity for each enzyme. GC-MS experiments showed that a mutant deficient in both enzymes did not produce mannitol. Mutants deficient in mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase or mannitol dehydrogenase alone produced 11.5 and 65.7 %, respectively, of wild type levels. All mutants grew on mannitol as a sole carbon source, however, the double mutant and mutant deficient in mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase grew poorly. Our data demonstrate that mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase and mannitol dehydrogenase are essential enzymes in mannitol metabolism in A. alternata, but do not support mannitol metabolism operating as a cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Vélëz
- Department of Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Ceccaroli P, Saltarelli R, Guescini M, Polidori E, Buffalini M, Menotta M, Pierleoni R, Barbieri E, Stocchi V. Identification and characterization of the Tuber borchii D-mannitol dehydrogenase which defines a new subfamily within the polyol-specific medium chain dehydrogenases. Fungal Genet Biol 2007; 44:965-78. [PMID: 17317242 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel NADP(+)-dependent D-mannitol dehydrogenase and the corresponding gene from the plant symbiotic ascomycete fungus Tuber borchii was identified and characterized. The enzyme, called TbMDH, is a homotetramer with two zinc atoms per subunit. It catalyzed both D-fructose reduction and D-mannitol oxidation, although it showed the highest substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency for D-fructose. Co-factor specificity was restricted to NADP(H) and the reaction proceeded via a sequential ordered Bi Bi mechanism. The carbon responsive transcriptional pattern showed that Tbmdh is up-regulated when mycelia are transferred to a culture medium containing D-mannitol or D-fructose. The phylogenetic analysis showed TbMDH to be the first example of a fungal D-mannitol-2-dehydrogenase belonging to the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (MDRs). The enzyme identified a new group of proteins, most of them annotated in databases as hypothetical zinc-dependent dehydrogenases, forming a distinct subfamily among the polyol dehydrogenase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ceccaroli
- Istituto di Chimica Biologica Giorgio Fornaini, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A Saffi 2, 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy.
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Lee JK, Oh DK, Song HY, Kim IW. Ca2+ and Cu2+ supplementation increases mannitol production by Candida magnoliae. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 29:291-4. [PMID: 17120092 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation with CaCl(2).2H(2)O (50 mg l(-1)) or CuSO(4).5H(2)O (10 mg l(-1)) improved mannitol production by Candida magnoliae by 14.5 and 18.6% (25 and 32 g/L), respectively. When used in combination, they acted synergistically: Ca(2+) decreased the intracellular concentration of mannitol 30%, whereas Cu(2+ )increased the intracellular activity of mannitol dehydrogenase 1.6-times more than control. Ca(2+) probably works by altering the permeability of cells to mannitol, whereas, Cu(2+) increases the activity of an enzyme responsible for mannitol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Watanabe Y, Takechi Y, Nagayama K, Tamai Y. Overexpression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannitol dehydrogenase gene (YEL070w) in glycerol synthesis-deficient S. Cerevisiae mutant. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cheng H, Jiang N, Shen A, Feng Y. Molecular cloning and functional expression of d-arabitol dehydrogenase gene from Gluconobacter oxydans in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 252:35-42. [PMID: 16165327 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A NADP-dependent d-arabitol dehydrogenase gene was cloned from Gluconobacter oxydans CGMCC 1.110 and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. With d-arabitol as sole carbon source, E. coli transformants grew rapidly in minimal medium, and produced d-xylulose. The enzymatic properties of the 29kDa enzyme were documented. The DNA sequence surrounding the gene suggested that it is part of an operon with several components of a sugar alcohol transporter system, and the d-arabitol dehydrogenase gene belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Cheng
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Helanto M, Aarnikunnas J, von Weymarn N, Airaksinen U, Palva A, Leisola M. Improved mannitol production by a random mutant of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides. J Biotechnol 2005; 116:283-94. [PMID: 15707689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Revised: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A mutant of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides ATCC12291 that was unable to grow on fructose was constructed by chemical mutagenesis. The fructose uptake of this mutant, designated as BPT143, was unaltered and allowed fructose still to be converted into mannitol when glucose was present in the growth medium. The mutant grew and consumed fructose faster than the parent strain when grown in a medium containing both glucose and fructose. The specific activity of fructokinase, the enzyme involved in phosphorylation of fructose to fructose-6-phosphate, was decreased to about 10% of that of the parent strain, and resulted in a reduced leakage of fructose into the phosphoketolase (PK) pathway. The yield of mannitol from fructose was improved from 74 to 86 mol%. The increased fructose consumption rate and higher mannitol yield of the mutant also resulted in improvement of volumetric mannitol productivity. In addition, isolation and characterization of the wild type L. pseudomesenteroides fructokinase gene (fruK) was performed. DNA sequence analysis of the fruK gene region of BPT143 revealed only one silent mutation which does not explain the highly reduced fructokinase activity of the mutant. The genetic characterization of fruK was completed by analyzing the expression, size and 5' end of fruK transcripts. Expression data with BPT143, revealing absence of fruK transcripts, was in accordance with the reduced fructokinase activity of the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Helanto
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 9400, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland.
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Saha BC. Purification and characterization of a novel mannitol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus intermedius. Biotechnol Prog 2004; 20:537-42. [PMID: 15059000 DOI: 10.1021/bp034277p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyzes the pyridine nucleotide dependent reduction of fructose to mannitol. Lactobacillus intermedius (NRRL B-3693), a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium (LAB), was found to be an excellent producer of mannitol. The MDH from this bacterium was purified from the cell extract to homogeneity by DEAE Bio-Gel column chromatography, gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5m gel, octyl-Sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and Bio-Gel Hydroxyapatite HTP column chromatography. The purified enzyme (specific activity, 331 U/mg protein) was a heterotetrameric protein with a native molecular weight (MW) of about 170 000 and subunit MWs of 43 000 and 34 500. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was at pH 4.7. Both subunits had the same N-terminal amino acid sequence. The optimum temperature for the reductive action of the purified MDH was at 35 degrees C with 44% activity at 50 degrees C and only 15% activity at 60 degrees C. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 5.5 with 50% activity at pH 6.5 and only 35% activity at pH 5.0 for reduction of fructose. The optimum pH for the oxidation of mannitol to fructose was 7.0. The purified enzyme was quite stable at pH 4.5-8.0 and temperature up to 35 degrees C. The K(m) and V(max) values of the enzyme for the reduction of fructose to mannitol were 20 mM and 396 micromol/min/mg protein, respectively. It did not have any reductive activity on glucose, xylose, and arabinose. The activity of the enzyme on fructose was 4.27 times greater with NADPH than NADH as cofactor. This is the first highly NADPH-dependent MDH (EC 1.1.1.138) from a LAB. Comparative properties of the enzyme with other microbial MDHs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal C Saha
- Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA.
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Katz M, Johanson T, Gorwa-Grauslund MF. Mild detergent treatment ofCandida tropicalis reveals a NADPH-dependent reductase in the crude membrane fraction, which enables the production of pure bicyclic exo-alcohol. Yeast 2004; 21:1253-67. [PMID: 15543528 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrated the occurrence of a NADPH-dependent exo-alcohol reductase in the crude membrane fraction of Candida tropicalis. Cytosolic endo-alcohol reductase activity could be separated from the membrane-bound exo-alcohol activity by means of detergent treatment, enabling the preparation of pure exo-alcohol via the enzymatic conversion of the bicyclic diketone, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-dione. The exo-alcohol reductase is, to our knowledge, the first membrane-bound NADPH-dependent reductase accepting a xenobiotic carbonyl substrate that was not a steroid. When C. tropicalis was grown on D-sorbitol, a two-fold increase in the exo-reductase activity was observed as compared to when grown on glucose. An in silico comparison at the protein level between putative xenobiotic carbonyl reductases in Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was performed to explain why Candida species are often encountered when screening yeasts for novel stereoselective reduction properties. C. albicans contained more reductases with the potential to reduce xenobiotic carbonyl compounds than did S. cerevisiae. C. tropicalis had many membrane-bound reductases (predicted with the bioinformatics program, TMHMM), some of which had no counterpart in the two other organisms. The exo-reductase is suspected to be either a beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase or a polyol dehydrogenase from either the short chain dehydrogenase family or the dihydroflavonol reductase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Katz
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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