1
|
Walker RM, Zhang M, Burnap RL. Elucidating the role of primary and secondary sphere Zn 2+ ligands in the cyanobacterial CO 2 uptake complex NDH-1 4: The essentiality of arginine in zinc coordination and catalysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149149. [PMID: 38906312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic carbon uptake in cyanobacteria is facilitated by an energetically intensive CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM). Specialized Type-1 NDH complexes function as a part of this mechanism to couple photosynthetic energy generated by redox reactions of the electron transport chain (ETC) to CO2 hydration. This active site of CO2 hydration incorporates an arginine side chain as a Zn ligand, diverging from the typical histidine and/or cysteine residues found in standard CAs. In this study, we focused on mutating three amino acids in the active site of the constitutively expressed NDH-14 CO2 hydration complex in Synechococcus sp. PCC7942: CupB-R91, which acts as a zinc ligand, and CupB-E95 and CupB-H89, both of which closely interact with the arginine ligand. These mutations aimed to explore how they affect the unusual metal ligation by CupB-R91 and potentially influence the unusual catalytic process. The most severe defects in activity among the targeted residues are due to a substitution of CupB-R91 and the ionically interacting E95 since both proved essential for the structural stability of the CupB protein. On the other hand, CupB-H89 mutations show a range of catalytic phenotypes indicating a role of this residue in the catalytic mechanism of CO2-hydration, but no evidence was obtained for aberrant carbonic anhydrase activity that would have indicated uncoupling of the CO2-hydration activity from proton pumping. The results are discussed in terms of possible alternative CO2 hydration mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Minquan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Robert L Burnap
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng J, Zhang K, Hou Y. The current situations and limitations of genetic engineering in cyanobacteria: a mini review. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5481-5487. [PMID: 37119415 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of photoautotrophic prokaryotes, and play an essential role in the global carbon cycle. They are also model organisms for studying photosynthesis and circadian regulation, and metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies grants light-driven biotechnological applications to cyanobacteria, especially for engineering cyanobacteria cells to achieve an efficient light-driven system for synthesizing any product of interest from renewable feedstocks. However, lower yield limits the potential of industrial application of cyanobacterial synthetic biology, and some key limitations must be overcome to realize the full biotechnological potential of these versatile microorganisms. Although genetic engineering toolkits for cyanobacteria have made some progress, the tools available still lag behind conventional heterotrophic microorganism. Consequently, this study describes the current situations and limitations of genetic engineering in cyanobacteria, and further improvements are proposed to improve the output of targeted products. We believe that cyanobacteria-mediated light-driven platforms towards efficient synthesis of green chemicals could unlock a bright future by developing the tools for strain manipulation and novel chassis organisms with excellent performance for biotechnological applications, which could also accelerate the advancement of bio-manufacturing industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yuyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patel VK, Das A, Kumari R, Kajla S. Recent progress and challenges in CRISPR-Cas9 engineered algae and cyanobacteria. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
4
|
Whitman BT, Murray CRA, Whitford DS, Paul SS, Fahlman RP, Glover MJN, Owttrim GW. Degron-mediated proteolysis of CrhR-like DEAD-box RNA helicases in cyanobacteria. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101925. [PMID: 35413287 PMCID: PMC9117542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional proteolytic degradation is an irreversible and highly regulated process that fulfills crucial regulatory functions in all organisms. As proteolytic targets tend to be critical metabolic or regulatory proteins, substrates are targeted for degradation only under appropriate conditions through the recognition of an amino acid sequence referred to as a “degron”. DEAD-box RNA helicases mediate all aspects of RNA metabolism, contributing to cellular fitness. However, the mechanism by which abiotic-stress modulation of protein stability regulates bacterial helicase abundance has not been extensively characterized. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that proteolytic degradation of the cyanobacterial DEAD-box RNA helicase CrhR is conditional, being initiated by a temperature upshift from 20 to 30 °C in the model cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We show degradation requires a unique, highly conserved, inherently bipartite degron located in the C-terminal extension found only in CrhR-related RNA helicases in the phylum Cyanobacteria. However, although necessary, the degron is not sufficient for proteolysis, as disruption of RNA helicase activity and/or translation inhibits degradation. These results suggest a positive feedback mechanism involving a role for CrhR in expression of a crucial factor required for degradation. Furthermore, AlphaFold structural prediction indicated the C-terminal extension is a homodimerization domain with homology to other bacterial RNA helicases, and mass photometry data confirmed that CrhR exists as a dimer in solution at 22 °C. These structural data suggest a model wherein the CrhR degron is occluded at the dimerization interface but could be exposed if dimerization was disrupted by nonpermissive conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Whitman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cameron R A Murray
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Denise S Whitford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simanta S Paul
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard P Fahlman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark J N Glover
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - George W Owttrim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dikkala PK, Usmani Z, Kumar S, Gupta VK, Bhargava A, Sharma M. Fungal Production of Vitamins and Their Food Industrial Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
6
|
Rosana ARR, Whitford DS, Migur A, Steglich C, Kujat-Choy SL, Hess WR, Owttrim GW. RNA helicase-regulated processing of the Synechocystis rimO-crhR operon results in differential cistron expression and accumulation of two sRNAs. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6372-6386. [PMID: 32209657 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The arrangement of functionally-related genes in operons is a fundamental element of how genetic information is organized in prokaryotes. This organization ensures coordinated gene expression by co-transcription. Often, however, alternative genetic responses to specific stress conditions demand the discoordination of operon expression. During cold temperature stress, accumulation of the gene encoding the sole Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD)-box RNA helicase in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, crhR (slr0083), increases 15-fold. Here, we show that crhR is expressed from a dicistronic operon with the methylthiotransferase rimO/miaB (slr0082) gene, followed by rapid processing of the operon transcript into two monocistronic mRNAs. This cleavage event is required for and results in destabilization of the rimO transcript. Results from secondary structure modeling and analysis of RNase E cleavage of the rimO-crhR transcript in vitro suggested that CrhR plays a role in enhancing the rate of the processing in an auto-regulatory manner. Moreover, two putative small RNAs are generated from additional processing, degradation, or both of the rimO transcript. These results suggest a role for the bacterial RNA helicase CrhR in RNase E-dependent mRNA processing in Synechocystis and expand the known range of organisms possessing small RNAs derived from processing of mRNA transcripts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Remus R Rosana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Denise S Whitford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Anzhela Migur
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Steglich
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonya L Kujat-Choy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Wolfgang R Hess
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - George W Owttrim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vavitsas K, Crozet P, Vinde MH, Davies F, Lemaire SD, Vickers CE. The Synthetic Biology Toolkit for Photosynthetic Microorganisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:14-27. [PMID: 31262955 PMCID: PMC6716251 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microorganisms offer novel characteristics as synthetic biology chassis, and the toolbox of components and techniques for cyanobacteria and algae is rapidly increasing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Vavitsas
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO Land & Water, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Pierre Crozet
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcos Hamborg Vinde
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO Land & Water, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Fiona Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claudia E Vickers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO Land & Water, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sengupta A, Sunder AV, Sohoni SV, Wangikar PP. Fine-Tuning Native Promoters of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 To Develop a Synthetic Toolbox for Heterologous Protein Expression. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1219-1223. [PMID: 30973704 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a potential photosynthetic cell-factory. In this study, two native promoters from S. elongatus PCC 7942 driving the expression of abundant cyanobacterial proteins phycocyanin (P cpcB7942) and RuBisCO (P rbc7942) were characterized in relation to their sequence features, expression levels, diurnal behavior, and regulation by light and CO2, major abiotic factors important for cyanobacterial growth. P cpcB7942 was repressed under high light intensity, but cultivation at higher CO2 concentration was able to recover promoter activity. On the other hand, P rbc7942 was repressed by elevated CO2 with a negative regulatory region between 300 and 225 bp. Removal of this region flipped the effect of CO2 with Rbc225 being activated only at high CO2 concentration, besides leading to the loss of circadian rhythm. The results from this study on promoter features and regulation will help expand the repertoire of tools for pathway engineering in cyanobacteria.
Collapse
|
9
|
Vasudevan R, Gale GAR, Schiavon AA, Puzorjov A, Malin J, Gillespie MD, Vavitsas K, Zulkower V, Wang B, Howe CJ, Lea-Smith DJ, McCormick AJ. CyanoGate: A Modular Cloning Suite for Engineering Cyanobacteria Based on the Plant MoClo Syntax. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:39-55. [PMID: 30819783 PMCID: PMC6501082 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in synthetic biology research have been underpinned by an exponential increase in available genomic information and a proliferation of advanced DNA assembly tools. The adoption of plasmid vector assembly standards and parts libraries has greatly enhanced the reproducibility of research and the exchange of parts between different labs and biological systems. However, a standardized modular cloning (MoClo) system is not yet available for cyanobacteria, which lag behind other prokaryotes in synthetic biology despite their huge potential regarding biotechnological applications. By building on the assembly library and syntax of the Plant Golden Gate MoClo kit, we have developed a versatile system called CyanoGate that unites cyanobacteria with plant and algal systems. Here, we describe the generation of a suite of parts and acceptor vectors for making (1) marked/unmarked knock-outs or integrations using an integrative acceptor vector, and (2) transient multigene expression and repression systems using known and previously undescribed replicative vectors. We tested and compared the CyanoGate system in the established model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and the more recently described fast-growing strain Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973. The UTEX 2973 fast-growth phenotype was only evident under specific growth conditions; however, UTEX 2973 accumulated high levels of proteins with strong native or synthetic promoters. The system is publicly available and can be readily expanded to accommodate other standardized MoClo parts to accelerate the development of reliable synthetic biology tools for the cyanobacterial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravendran Vasudevan
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Grant A R Gale
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra A Schiavon
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Puzorjov
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - John Malin
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Gillespie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Vavitsas
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- CSIRO, Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Valentin Zulkower
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Baojun Wang
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Howe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - David J Lea-Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J McCormick
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xue Y, He Q. Synthetic Biology Approaches to the Sustainable Production of p-Coumaric Acid and Its Derivatives in Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1080:261-277. [PMID: 30091099 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photosynthetic cyanobacteria are promising candidates for the sustainable production of a plethora of plant secondary metabolites, which are beneficial to human health but are difficult to produce and purify in other systems. This chapter focuses on genetic engineering of Synechocystis PCC 6803 for production of p-coumaric acid and its derivatives. Cyanobacterial engineering approaches are briefly reviewed. Strategies to increase production yield are discussed, including codon optimization of genes expressing enzymatic proteins and a laccase-coding gene knockout from Synechocystis genome which degrades polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xue
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qingfang He
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jagadevan S, Banerjee A, Banerjee C, Guria C, Tiwari R, Baweja M, Shukla P. Recent developments in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering in microalgae towards biofuel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:185. [PMID: 29988523 PMCID: PMC6026345 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of the uprising global energy crisis, microalgae have emerged as an alternate feedstock for biofuel production. In addition, microalgae bear immense potential as bio-cell factories in terms of producing key chemicals, recombinant proteins, enzymes, lipid, hydrogen and alcohol. Abstraction of such high-value products (algal biorefinery approach) facilitates to make microalgae-based renewable energy an economically viable option. Synthetic biology is an emerging field that harmoniously blends science and engineering to help design and construct novel biological systems, with an aim to achieve rationally formulated objectives. However, resources and tools used for such nuclear manipulation, construction of synthetic gene network and genome-scale reconstruction of microalgae are limited. Herein, we present recent developments in the upcoming field of microalgae employed as a model system for synthetic biology applications and highlight the importance of genome-scale reconstruction models and kinetic models, to maximize the metabolic output by understanding the intricacies of algal growth. This review also examines the role played by microalgae as biorefineries, microalgal culture conditions and various operating parameters that need to be optimized to yield biofuel that can be economically competitive with fossil fuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja Jagadevan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Avik Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Chiranjib Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Chandan Guria
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Rameshwar Tiwari
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Mehak Baweja
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Englund E, Liang F, Lindberg P. Evaluation of promoters and ribosome binding sites for biotechnological applications in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36640. [PMID: 27857166 PMCID: PMC5114575 DOI: 10.1038/srep36640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
For effective metabolic engineering, a toolbox of genetic components that enables predictable control of gene expression is needed. Here we present a systematic study of promoters and ribosome binding sites in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. A set of metal ion inducible promoters from Synechocystis were compared to commonly used constitutive promoters, by measuring fluorescence of a reporter protein in a standardized setting to allow for accurate comparisons of promoter activity. The most versatile and useful promoter was found to be PnrsB, which from a relatively silent expression could be induced almost 40-fold, nearly up to the activity of the strong psbA2 promoter. By varying the concentrations of the two metal ion inducers Ni2+ and Co2+, expression from the promoter was highly tunable, results that were reproduced with PnrsB driving ethanol production. The activities of several ribosomal binding sites were also measured, and tested in parallel in Synechocystis and Escherichia coli. The results of the study add useful information to the Synechocystis genetic toolbox for biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Englund
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Feiyan Liang
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pia Lindberg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Advances in Metabolic Engineering of Cyanobacteria for Photosynthetic Biochemical Production. Metabolites 2015; 5:636-58. [PMID: 26516923 PMCID: PMC4693188 DOI: 10.3390/metabo5040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering cyanobacteria into photosynthetic microbial cell factories for the production of biochemicals and biofuels is a promising approach toward sustainability. Cyanobacteria naturally grow on light and carbon dioxide, bypassing the need of fermentable plant biomass and arable land. By tapping into the central metabolism and rerouting carbon flux towards desirable compound production, cyanobacteria are engineered to directly convert CO2 into various chemicals. This review discusses the diversity of bioproducts synthesized by engineered cyanobacteria, the metabolic pathways used, and the current engineering strategies used for increasing their titers.
Collapse
|
14
|
Installing extra bicarbonate transporters in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 enhances biomass production. Metab Eng 2015; 29:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
Saxena S. Microbes in Production of Fine Chemicals (Antibiotics, Drugs, Vitamins, and Amino Acids). Appl Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2259-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
16
|
Krynická V, Tichý M, Krafl J, Yu J, Kaňa R, Boehm M, Nixon PJ, Komenda J. Two essential FtsH proteases control the level of the Fur repressor during iron deficiency in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Mol Microbiol 2014; 94:609-24. [PMID: 25238320 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 expresses four different FtsH protease subunits (FtsH1-4) that assemble into specific homo- and heterocomplexes. The FtsH2/FtsH3 complex is involved in photoprotection but the physiological roles of the other complexes, notably the essential FtsH1/FtsH3 complex, remain unclear. Here we show that the FtsH1 and FtsH3 proteases are involved in the acclimation of cells to iron deficiency. A mutant conditionally depleted in FtsH3 was unable to induce normal expression of the IsiA chlorophyll-protein and FutA1 iron transporter upon iron deficiency due to a block in transcription, which is regulated by the Fur transcriptional repressor. Levels of Fur declined in the WT and the FtsH2 null mutant upon iron depletion but not in the FtsH3 downregulated strain. A similar stabilizing effect on Fur was also observed in a mutant conditionally depleted in the FtsH1 subunit. Moreover, a mutant overexpressing FtsH1 showed reduced levels of Fur and enhanced accumulation of both IsiA and FutA1 even under iron sufficiency. Analysis of GFP-tagged derivatives and biochemical fractionation supported a common location for FtsH1 and FtsH3 in the cytoplasmic membrane. Overall we propose that degradation of the Fur repressor mediated by the FtsH1/FtsH3 heterocomplex is critical for acclimation to iron depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Krynická
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Amezaga JM, Amtmann A, Biggs CA, Bond T, Gandy CJ, Honsbein A, Karunakaran E, Lawton L, Madsen MA, Minas K, Templeton MR. Biodesalination: a case study for applications of photosynthetic bacteria in water treatment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1661-76. [PMID: 24610748 PMCID: PMC3982732 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Shortage of freshwater is a serious problem in many regions worldwide, and is expected to become even more urgent over the next decades as a result of increased demand for food production and adverse effects of climate change. Vast water resources in the oceans can only be tapped into if sustainable, energy-efficient technologies for desalination are developed. Energization of desalination by sunlight through photosynthetic organisms offers a potential opportunity to exploit biological processes for this purpose. Cyanobacterial cultures in particular can generate a large biomass in brackish and seawater, thereby forming a low-salt reservoir within the saline water. The latter could be used as an ion exchanger through manipulation of transport proteins in the cell membrane. In this article, we use the example of biodesalination as a vehicle to review the availability of tools and methods for the exploitation of cyanobacteria in water biotechnology. Issues discussed relate to strain selection, environmental factors, genetic manipulation, ion transport, cell-water separation, process design, safety, and public acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M. Amezaga
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.M.A., C.J.G.)
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (A.A., A.H., M.A.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom (C.A.B., E.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.B., M.R.T.); and
- Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, United Kingdom (L.L., K.M.)
| | | | - Catherine A. Biggs
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.M.A., C.J.G.)
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (A.A., A.H., M.A.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom (C.A.B., E.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.B., M.R.T.); and
- Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, United Kingdom (L.L., K.M.)
| | - Tom Bond
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.M.A., C.J.G.)
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (A.A., A.H., M.A.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom (C.A.B., E.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.B., M.R.T.); and
- Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, United Kingdom (L.L., K.M.)
| | - Catherine J. Gandy
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.M.A., C.J.G.)
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (A.A., A.H., M.A.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom (C.A.B., E.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.B., M.R.T.); and
- Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, United Kingdom (L.L., K.M.)
| | - Annegret Honsbein
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.M.A., C.J.G.)
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (A.A., A.H., M.A.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom (C.A.B., E.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.B., M.R.T.); and
- Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, United Kingdom (L.L., K.M.)
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.M.A., C.J.G.)
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (A.A., A.H., M.A.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom (C.A.B., E.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.B., M.R.T.); and
- Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, United Kingdom (L.L., K.M.)
| | - Linda Lawton
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.M.A., C.J.G.)
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (A.A., A.H., M.A.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom (C.A.B., E.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.B., M.R.T.); and
- Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, United Kingdom (L.L., K.M.)
| | - Mary Ann Madsen
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.M.A., C.J.G.)
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (A.A., A.H., M.A.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom (C.A.B., E.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.B., M.R.T.); and
- Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, United Kingdom (L.L., K.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Minas
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.M.A., C.J.G.)
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (A.A., A.H., M.A.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom (C.A.B., E.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.B., M.R.T.); and
- Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, United Kingdom (L.L., K.M.)
| | - Michael R. Templeton
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (J.M.A., C.J.G.)
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (A.A., A.H., M.A.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom (C.A.B., E.K.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (T.B., M.R.T.); and
- Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, United Kingdom (L.L., K.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Conditional, temperature-induced proteolytic regulation of cyanobacterial RNA helicase expression. J Bacteriol 2014; 196:1560-8. [PMID: 24509313 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01362-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditional proteolysis is a crucial process regulating the abundance of key regulatory proteins associated with the cell cycle, differentiation pathways, or cellular response to abiotic stress in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. We provide evidence that conditional proteolysis is involved in the rapid and dramatic reduction in abundance of the cyanobacterial RNA helicase, CrhR, in response to a temperature upshift from 20 to 30°C. The proteolytic activity is not a general protein degradation response, since proteolysis is only present and/or functional in cells grown at 30°C and is only transiently active at 30°C. Degradation is also autoregulatory, since the CrhR proteolytic target is required for activation of the degradation machinery. This suggests that an autoregulatory feedback loop exists in which the target of the proteolytic machinery, CrhR, is required for activation of the system. Inhibition of translation revealed that only elongation is required for induction of the temperature-regulated proteolysis, suggesting that translation of an activating factor was already initiated at 20°C. The results indicate that Synechocystis responds to a temperature shift via two independent pathways: a CrhR-independent sensing and signal transduction pathway that regulates induction of crhR expression at low temperature and a CrhR-dependent conditional proteolytic pathway at elevated temperature. The data link the potential for CrhR RNA helicase alteration of RNA secondary structure with the autoregulatory induction of conditional proteolysis in the response of Synechocystis to temperature upshift.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chungjatupornchai W, Fa-Aroonsawat S. The rrnA promoter as a tool for the improved expression of heterologous genes in cyanobacteria. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:361-8. [PMID: 24140155 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory sequence of ribosomal RNA A (rrnA) operon from Synechococcus PCC7942 was characterized using green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) as a reporter. The PR promoter (nt. -83 to +2) including upstream promoter element and P1 promoter of rrnA exhibited GFP fluorescence intensity about 30-fold higher than full length sequence (nt. -147 to +79). The effects of PR promoter arranged in tandem with consensus-σ(70) promoter (PS) of Escherichia coli on the expression of gfp and opd gene encoding organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) in Synechococcus were investigated. The PS-PR tandem promoter was superior to all of the other promoters; its GFP fluorescence intensity was a 1.8-fold increase when compared to PR-PR tandem promoter, a 2.5-fold, 9.5-fold and a 15-fold increase compared to PR, PS and promoter of tRNA(pro), respectively. The GFP from PS-PR tandem promoter accounted for about 12% of its total extracted proteins. OPH activity of Synechococcus harboring opd gene under the control of PS-PR tandem promoter was 738 ± 128 units/OD₇₃₀. We demonstrated that the tandem promoters remarkably enhanced the GFP and OPH production which were detected on SDS-PAGE stained with Coomassie blue. The promoter system in this study could be generally applied to production of valuable organic products from cyanobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wipa Chungjatupornchai
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Sirirat Fa-Aroonsawat
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Berla BM, Saha R, Immethun CM, Maranas CD, Moon TS, Pakrasi HB. Synthetic biology of cyanobacteria: unique challenges and opportunities. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:246. [PMID: 24009604 PMCID: PMC3755261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms, and especially cyanobacteria, hold great promise as sources of renewably-produced fuels, bulk and specialty chemicals, and nutritional products. Synthetic biology tools can help unlock cyanobacteria's potential for these functions, but unfortunately tool development for these organisms has lagged behind that for S. cerevisiae and E. coli. While these organisms may in many cases be more difficult to work with as “chassis” strains for synthetic biology than certain heterotrophs, the unique advantages of autotrophs in biotechnology applications as well as the scientific importance of improved understanding of photosynthesis warrant the development of these systems into something akin to a “green E. coli.” In this review, we highlight unique challenges and opportunities for development of synthetic biology approaches in cyanobacteria. We review classical and recently developed methods for constructing targeted mutants in various cyanobacterial strains, and offer perspective on what genetic tools might most greatly expand the ability to engineer new functions in such strains. Similarly, we review what genetic parts are most needed for the development of cyanobacterial synthetic biology. Finally, we highlight recent methods to construct genome-scale models of cyanobacterial metabolism and to use those models to measure properties of autotrophic metabolism. Throughout this paper, we discuss some of the unique challenges of a diurnal, autotrophic lifestyle along with how the development of synthetic biology and biotechnology in cyanobacteria must fit within those constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertram M Berla
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Xu X. Effects of Rbp3 on lipid peroxidation and salt tolerance inSynechocystissp. PCC 6803. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1446-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Kopečná J, Sobotka R, Komenda J. Inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis at the protochlorophyllide reduction step results in the parallel depletion of Photosystem I and Photosystem II in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. PLANTA 2013; 237:497-508. [PMID: 23011568 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In most oxygenic phototrophs, including cyanobacteria, two independent enzymes catalyze the reduction of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide, which is the penultimate step in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis. One is light-dependent NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) and the second type is dark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (DPOR). To clarify the roles of both enzymes, we assessed synthesis and accumulation of Chl-binding proteins in mutants of cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 that either completely lack LPOR or possess low levels of the active enzyme due to its ectopic regulatable expression. The LPOR-less mutant grew photoautotrophically in moderate light and contained a maximum of 20 % of the wild-type (WT) Chl level. Both Photosystem II (PSII) and Photosystem I (PSI) were reduced to the same degree. Accumulation of PSII was mostly limited by the synthesis of antennae CP43 and especially CP47 as indicated by the accumulation of reaction center assembly complexes. The phenotype of the LPOR-less mutant was comparable to the strain lacking DPOR that also contained <25 % of the wild-type level of PSII and PSI when cultivated under light-activated heterotrophic growth conditions. However, in the latter case, we detected no reaction center assembly complexes, indicating that synthesis was almost completely inhibited for all Chl-proteins, including the D1 and D2 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kopečná
- Department of Phototrophic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Boehm M, Yu J, Krynicka V, Barker M, Tichy M, Komenda J, Nixon PJ, Nield J. Subunit organization of a synechocystis hetero-oligomeric thylakoid FtsH complex involved in photosystem II repair. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:3669-83. [PMID: 22991268 PMCID: PMC3480294 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
FtsH metalloproteases are key components of the photosystem II (PSII) repair cycle, which operates to maintain photosynthetic activity in the light. Despite their physiological importance, the structure and subunit composition of thylakoid FtsH complexes remain uncertain. Mutagenesis has previously revealed that the four FtsH homologs encoded by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 are functionally different: FtsH1 and FtsH3 are required for cell viability, whereas FtsH2 and FtsH4 are dispensable. To gain insights into FtsH2, which is involved in selective D1 protein degradation during PSII repair, we used a strain of Synechocystis 6803 expressing a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged derivative (FtsH2-GST) to isolate FtsH2-containing complexes. Biochemical analysis revealed that FtsH2-GST forms a hetero-oligomeric complex with FtsH3. FtsH2 also interacts with FtsH3 in the wild-type strain, and a mutant depleted in FtsH3, like ftsH2(-) mutants, displays impaired D1 degradation. FtsH3 also forms a separate heterocomplex with FtsH1, thus explaining why FtsH3 is more important than FtsH2 for cell viability. We investigated the structure of the isolated FtsH2-GST/FtsH3 complex using transmission electron microscopy and single-particle analysis. The three-dimensional structural model obtained at a resolution of 26 Å revealed that the complex is hexameric and consists of alternating FtsH2/FtsH3 subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Boehm
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Vendula Krynicka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Myles Barker
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Tichy
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J. Nixon
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to
| | - Jon Nield
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu Y, Alvey RM, Byrne PO, Graham JE, Shen G, Bryant DA. Expression of genes in cyanobacteria: adaptation of endogenous plasmids as platforms for high-level gene expression in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 684:273-93. [PMID: 20960136 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-925-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 is an ideal model cyanobacterium for functional genomics and biotechnological applications through metabolic engineering. A gene expression system that takes advantage of its multiple, endogenous plasmids has been constructed in this cyanobacterium. The method involves the integration of foreign DNA cassettes with selectable markers into neutral sites that can be located on any of the several endogenous plasmids of this organism. We have exploited the natural transformability and powerful homologous recombination capacity of this organism by using linear DNA fragments for transformation. This approach overcomes barriers that have made the introduction and expression of foreign genes problematic in the past. Foremost among these is the natural restriction endonuclease barrier that can cleave transforming circular plasmid DNAs before they can be replicated in the cell. We describe herein the general methodology for expressing foreign and homologous genes in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, a comparison of several commonly used promoters, and provide examples of how this approach has successfully been used in complementation analyses and overproduction of proteins with affinity tags.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
We designed and constructed a controllable inducing lysis system in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to facilitate extracting lipids for biofuel production. Several bacteriophage-derived lysis genes were integrated into the genome and placed downstream of a nickel-inducible signal transduction system. We applied 3 strategies: (i) directly using the phage lysis cassette, (ii) constitutively expressing endolysin genes while restricting holin genes, and (iii) combining lysis genes from different phages. Significant autolysis was induced in the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells with this system by the addition of NiSO(4). Our inducible cyanobacterial lysing system eliminates the need for mechanical or chemical cell breakage and could facilitate recovery of biofuel from cyanobacteria.
Collapse
|
26
|
Microbiological production of tocopherols: current state and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:217-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
27
|
Roberts AA, Copp JN, Marahiel MA, Neilan BA. The Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 Sfp-Type Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Does Not Possess Characteristic Broad-Range Activity. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1869-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
28
|
Alpha-tocopherol is essential for acquired chill-light tolerance in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. J Bacteriol 2007; 190:1554-60. [PMID: 18165303 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01577-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike Escherichia coli, the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is insensitive to chill (5 degrees C) in the dark but rapidly losses viability when exposed to chill in the light (100 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)). Preconditioning at a low temperature (15 degrees C) greatly enhances the chill-light tolerance of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. This phenomenon is called acquired chill-light tolerance (ACLT). Preconditioned wild-type cells maintained a substantially higher level of alpha-tocopherol after exposure to chill-light stress. Mutants unable to synthesize alpha-tocopherol, such as slr1736, slr1737, slr0089, and slr0090 mutants, almost completely lost ACLT. When exposed to chill without light, these mutants showed no or a slight difference from the wild type. When complemented, the slr0089 mutant regained its ACLT. Copper-regulated expression of slr0090 from P(petE) controlled the level of alpha-tocopherol and ACLT. We conclude that alpha-tocopherol is essential for ACLT of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. The role of alpha-tocopherol in ACLT may be based largely on a nonantioxidant activity that is not possessed by other tocopherols or pathway intermediates.
Collapse
|
29
|
Valentin HE, Qi Q. Biotechnological production and application of vitamin E: current state and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:436-44. [PMID: 16041505 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2005] [Revised: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tocochromanols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) are important lipophilic antioxidants for animals and humans. Their biological activity is expressed as vitamin E activity. This article describes the current need for vitamin E production, and compares different strategies to engineer the vitamin E content in photosynthetic bacteria and plants, with a focus on oilseed as target tissues. The current status of biotechnological advances in tocochromanol pathway engineering is summarized, and current limitations in our understanding of the tocochromanol biosynthetic pathway are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry E Valentin
- Monsanto Co., Calgene Campus 1920 5th Street, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|