1
|
Green HD, Van Horn GT, Williams T, Eberly A, Morales GH, Mann R, Hauter IM, Hadjifrangiskou M, Schmitz JE. Intra-strain colony biofilm heterogeneity in uropathogenic Escherichia coli and the effect of the NlpI lipoprotein. Biofilm 2024; 8:100214. [PMID: 39184815 PMCID: PMC11344014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm growth facilitates the interaction of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) with the host environment. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of UPEC biofilms are composed prominently of curli amyloid fiber and cellulose polysaccharide. When the organism is propagated as a colony biofilm on agar media, these macromolecules can generate pronounced macroscopic structures. Moreover, curli/cellulose associate tightly with Congo red, generating a characteristic pink-to-red staining pattern when the media is supplemented with this dye. Among different clinical isolates of UPEC, changes in the abundance of curli/cellulose can lead to diverse colony biofilm phenotypes on a strain-by-strain basis. Nevertheless, for any given isolate, these phenotypes are classically homogenous throughout the colony biofilm. Here, we report that a subset of clinical UPEC isolates display heterogenous 'peppermint' colony biofilms, with distinct pale and red subpopulations. Through isolation of these subpopulations and whole genome sequencing, we demonstrate various emergent mutations associated with the phenomenon, including within the gene encoding the outer membrane lipoprotein nlpI. Deletion of nlpI within independent strain-backgrounds increased biofilm rugosity, while its overexpression induced the peppermint phenotype. Upregulation of EPS-associated proteins and transcripts was likewise observed in the absence of nlpI. Overall, these results demonstrate that EPS elaboration in UPEC is impacted by nlpI. More broadly, this phenomenon of intra-strain colony biofilm heterogeneity may be leveraged as a tool to identify additional members within the broad collection of genes that regulate or otherwise affect biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton D. Green
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Gerald T. Van Horn
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Personalized Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Williams
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Allison Eberly
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Grace H. Morales
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Robert Mann
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Indiana M. Hauter
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology & Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Personalized Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Schmitz
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology & Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Personalized Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Charron R, Lemée P, Huguet A, Minlong O, Boulanger M, Houée P, Soumet C, Briandet R, Bridier A. Polyhexamethylene biguanide promotes adaptive cross-resistance to gentamicin in Escherichia coli biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1324991. [PMID: 38149014 PMCID: PMC10750414 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1324991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a critical public health issue that requires a thorough understanding of the factors that influence the selection and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Biocides, which are widely used in cleaning and disinfection procedures in a variety of settings, may contribute to this resistance by inducing similar defense mechanisms in bacteria against both biocides and antibiotics. However, the strategies used by bacteria to adapt and develop cross-resistance remain poorly understood, particularly within biofilms -a widespread bacterial habitat that significantly influences bacterial tolerance and adaptive strategies. Using a combination of adaptive laboratory evolution experiments, genomic and RT-qPCR analyses, and biofilm structural characterization using confocal microscopy, we investigated in this study how Escherichia coli biofilms adapted after 28 days of exposure to three biocidal active substances and the effects on cross-resistance to antibiotics. Interestingly, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) exposure led to an increase of gentamicin resistance (GenR) phenotypes in biofilms formed by most of the seven E. coli strains tested. Nevertheless, most variants that emerged under biocidal conditions did not retain the GenR phenotype after removal of antimicrobial stress, suggesting a transient adaptation (adaptive resistance). The whole genome sequencing of variants with stable GenR phenotypes revealed recurrent mutations in genes associated with cellular respiration, including cytochrome oxidase (cydA, cyoC) and ATP synthase (atpG). RT-qPCR analysis revealed an induction of gene expression associated with biofilm matrix production (especially curli synthesis), stress responses, active and passive transport and cell respiration during PHMB exposure, providing insight into potential physiological responses associated with adaptive crossresistance. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observations demonstrated a global effect of PHMB on biofilm architectures and compositions formed by most E. coli strains, with the appearance of dense cellular clusters after a 24h-exposure. In conclusion, our results showed that the PHMB exposure stimulated the emergence of an adaptive cross-resistance to gentamicin in biofilms, likely induced through the activation of physiological responses and biofilm structural modulations altering gradients and microenvironmental conditions in the biological edifice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Charron
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Lemée
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Antoine Huguet
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Ornella Minlong
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Marine Boulanger
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Paméla Houée
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Christophe Soumet
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Romain Briandet
- Université Paris-Saclay, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Arnaud Bridier
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
R KB, S SC, N SS. "Sharing the matrix" - a cooperative strategy for survival in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:230. [PMID: 37612630 PMCID: PMC10463773 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria in nature live together in communities called biofilms, where they produce a matrix that protects them from hostile environments. The components of this matrix vary among species, with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm- WT) primarily producing curli and cellulose, which are regulated by the master regulator csgD. Interactions between bacteria can be competitive or cooperative, with cooperation more commonly observed among the kin population. This study refers to STm- WT as the generalist which produces all the matrix components and knockout strains that are defective in either curli or cellulose as the specialists, which produces one of the matrix components but not both. We have asked whether two different specialists will cooperate and share matrix components during biofilm formation to match the ability of the generalist which produces both components. RESULTS In this study, the response of the specialists and generalist to physical, chemical, and biological stress during biofilm formation is also studied to assess their abilities to cooperate and produce biofilms like the generalist. STm WT colony biofilm which produces both the major biofilm matrix component were protected from stress whereas the non-matrix producer (∆csgD), the cellulose, and curli alone producers ∆csgA, ∆bcsA respectively were affected. During the exposure to various stresses, the majority of killing occurred in ∆csgD. Whereas the co-culture (∆csgA: ∆bcsA) was able to resist stress like that of the STm WT. Phenotypic and morphological characteristics of the colonies were typed using congo red assay and the Influence of matrix on the architecture of biofilms was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. CONCLUSION Our results show that matrix aids in survival during antibiotic, chlorine, and predatory stress. And possible sharing of the matrix is occurring in co-culture, with one counterbalancing the inability of the other when confronted with stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavi Bharathi R
- Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinandan C S
- Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sai Subramanian N
- Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Antimicrobial Resistance Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Tamil Nadu, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vasicek EM, Gunn JS. Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Lineage Biofilm Formation and Gallbladder Colonization Vary But Do Not Correlate Directly with Known Biofilm-Related Mutations. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0013523. [PMID: 37129526 PMCID: PMC10187132 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00135-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars have a broad host range and cause gastroenteritis in humans. However, invasive NTS (iNTS) bloodstream infections have increased in the last decade, causing 60,000 deaths annually. Human-specific typhoidal Salmonella colonizes and forms biofilms on gallstones, resulting in chronic, asymptomatic infection. iNTS lineages are undergoing genomic reduction and may have adapted to person-to-person transmission via mutations in virulence, bile resistance, and biofilm formation. As such, we sought to determine the capacity of iNTS lineages for biofilm formation and the development of chronic infections in the gallbladder in our mouse model. Of the lineages tested (L1, L2, L3 and UK), only L2 and UK were defective for the rough, dry and red (RDAR) morphotype, correlating with the known bcsG (cellulose) mutation but not with csgD (curli) gene mutations. Biofilm-forming ability was assessed in vitro, which revealed a biofilm formation hierarchy of L3 > ST19 > UK > L1 = L2, which did not correlate directly with either the bcsG or the csgD mutation. By confocal microscopy, biofilms of L2 and UK had significantly less curli and cellulose, while L1 biofilms had significantly lower cellulose. All iNTS strains were able to colonize the mouse gallbladder, liver, and spleen in a similar manner, while L3 had a significantly higher bacterial load in the gallbladder and increased lethality. While there was iNTS lineage variability in biofilm formation, gallbladder colonization, and virulence in a chronic mouse model, all tested lineages were capable of colonization despite possessing biofilm-related mutations. Thus, iNTS strains may be unrecognized chronic pathogens in endemic settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Vasicek
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John S. Gunn
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Richter AM, Konrat K, Osland AM, Brook E, Oastler C, Vestby LK, Gosling RJ, Nesse LL, Arvand M. Evaluation of Biofilm Cultivation Models for Efficacy Testing of Disinfectants against Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030761. [PMID: 36985334 PMCID: PMC10052953 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the European Union, Salmonella is frequently reported in food and feed products. A major route of transmission is upon contact with contaminated surfaces. In nature, bacteria such as Salmonella are often encountered in biofilms, where they are protected against antibiotics and disinfectants. Therefore, the removal and inactivation of biofilms is essential to ensure hygienic conditions. Currently, recommendations for disinfectant usage are based on results of efficacy testing against planktonic bacteria. There are no biofilm-specific standards for the efficacy testing of disinfectants against Salmonella. Here, we assessed three models for disinfectant efficacy testing on Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms. Achievable bacterial counts per biofilm, repeatability, and intra-laboratory reproducibility were analyzed. Biofilms of two Salmonella strains were grown on different surfaces and treated with glutaraldehyde or peracetic acid. Disinfectant efficacy was compared with results for planktonic Salmonella. All methods resulted in highly repeatable cell numbers per biofilm, with one assay showing variations of less than 1 log10 CFU in all experiments for both strains tested. Disinfectant concentrations required to inactivate biofilms were higher compared to planktonic cells. Differences were found between the biofilm methods regarding maximal achievable cell numbers, repeatability, and intra-laboratory reproducibility of results, which may be used to identify the most appropriate method in relation to application context. Developing a standardized protocol for testing disinfectant efficacy on biofilms will help identify conditions that are effective against biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja M. Richter
- Hospital Hygiene, Infection Prevention and Control, Department Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Katharina Konrat
- Hospital Hygiene, Infection Prevention and Control, Department Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ane M. Osland
- Department of Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Emma Brook
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Claire Oastler
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Lene K. Vestby
- Department of Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Rebecca J. Gosling
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Live L. Nesse
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Mardjan Arvand
- Hospital Hygiene, Infection Prevention and Control, Department Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fate of Biofilm Activity in Cascade Aerating Trickling Filter for Wastewater Treatment: Comparison of Two Types of Indigenous Support Media. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
7
|
Surya T, Jeyasekaran G, Shakila RJ, Sivaraman B, Shalini R, Sundhar S, Arisekar U. Prevalence of biofilm forming Salmonella in different seafood contact surfaces of fishing boats, fish landing centres, fish markets and seafood processing plants. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114285. [PMID: 36327929 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of biofilm forming Salmonella on different seafood contact surfaces was investigated. Out of 384 swab samples, 16.14 % and 1 % were confirmed biochemically and molecularly as Salmonella respectively. One out of four isolates was from the boat deck, and three were from the seafood processing plant. Salmonella was more prevalent in January, June, and September months. Different assays investigated the biofilm forming ability of isolates. Two out of four isolates have shown strong biofilms, and the others were moderate biofilm formers by microtitre plate assay. In the CRA assay, three isolates showed 'rdar' morphotype, and one showed 'bdar' morphotype. All isolates were positive for gcpA gene (~1700 bp), a critical gene found in Salmonella biofilms. The microbial load of Salmonella biofilms on different contact surfaces were determined, stainless steel and HDPE were found prone to biofilms. With this, a suitable mechanism shall be formulated to control the biofilms of Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamizhselvan Surya
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Geevaretnam Jeyasekaran
- Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Nagapattinam 611 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sivaraman
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Sundhar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effect of antibiotics and sanitizers on Salmonella biofilms associated with seafood contact surfaces. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127213. [PMID: 36215810 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Nan Y, Rodas-Gonzalez A, Stanford K, Nadon C, Yang X, McAllister T, Narváez-Bravo C. Formation and Transfer of Multi-Species Biofilms Containing E. coli O103:H2 on Food Contact Surfaces to Beef. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:863778. [PMID: 35711784 PMCID: PMC9196126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.863778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC; O103:H2) with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or spoilage bacteria (SP) multispecies biofilms on polyurethane (TPU) and stainless-steel (SS) were assessed at 10 and 25°C under wet and dry conditions after 6, 30, and 60 days of storage. One LAB T1: Carnobacterium piscicola + Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and two SP T2: Comamonas koreensis + Raoultella terrigena; T3: Pseudomonas aeruginosa + C. koreensis were assessed for their ability to form multispecies biofilms with O103:H2. O103:H2 single-species biofilms served as a control positive (T4). Coupons were stored dry (20–50% relative humidity; RH) or moist (60–90% RH) for up to 60 days, at which point O103:H2 transfer to beef and survival was evaluated. At 25°C, T3 decreased beef contamination with O103:H2 by 2.54 log10 CFU/g (P < 0.001). Overall, at 25°C contamination of beef with O103:H2 decreased (P < 0.001) from 3.17 log10 CFU/g on Day 6 to 0.62 log10 CFU/g on Day 60. With 60 days dry biofilms on TPU, an antagonistic interaction was observed among O103:H2 and multispecies biofilm T1 and T3. E. coli O103:H2 was not recovered from T1 and T3 after 60 days but it was recovered (33%) from T2 and T4 dry biofilms. At 10°C, contamination of beef with O103:H2 decreased (P < 0.001) from 1.38 log10 CFU/g after 6 days to 0.47 log10 CFU/g after 60 days. At 10°C, recovery of O103:H2 from 60 days dry biofilms could only be detected after enrichment and was always higher for T2 than T4 biofilms. Regardless of temperature, the transfer of O103:H2 to beef from the biofilm on TPU was greater (P < 0.001) than SS. Moist biofilms also resulted in greater (P < 0.001) cell transfer to beef than dry biofilms at 10 and 25°C. Development of SP or LAB multispecies biofilms with O103:H2 can either increase or diminish the likelihood of beef contamination. Environmental conditions such as humidity, contact surface type, as well as biofilm aging all can influence the risk of beef being contaminated by STEC within multi-species biofilms attached to food contact surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Nan
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Celine Nadon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xianqin Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Claudia Narváez-Bravo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ning H, Liang X, Xie Y, Bai L, Zhang W, Wang L, Kang J, Lu Y, Ma Y, Bai G, Bai Y. c-di-AMP Accumulation Regulates Growth, Metabolism, and Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:865045. [PMID: 35685938 PMCID: PMC9171234 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.865045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger of bacteria involved in diverse physiological processes as well as host immune responses. MSMEG_2630 is a c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase (cnpB) of Mycobacterium smegmatis, which is homologous to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2837c. In this study, cnpB-deleted (ΔcnpB), -complemented (ΔcnpB::C), and -overexpressed (ΔcnpB::O) strains of M. smegmatis were constructed to investigate the role of c-di-AMP in regulating mycobacterial physiology and immunogenicity. This study provides more precise evidence that elevated c-di-AMP level resulted in smaller colonies, shorter bacteria length, impaired growth, and inhibition of potassium transporter in M. smegmatis. This is the first study to report that elevated c-di-AMP level could inhibit biofilm formation and induce porphyrin accumulation in M. smegmatis by regulating associated gene expressions, which may have effects on drug resistance and virulence of mycobacterium. Moreover, the cnpB-deleted strain with an elevated c-di-AMP level could induce enhanced Th1 immune responses after M. tuberculosis infection. Further, the pathological changes and the bacteria burden in ΔcnpB group were comparable with the wild-type M. smegmatis group against M. tuberculosis venous infection in the mouse model. Our findings enhanced the understanding of the physiological role of c-di-AMP in mycobacterium, and M. smegmatis cnpB-deleted strain with elevated c-di-AMP level showed the potential for a vaccine against tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ning
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanling Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lifei Wang
- Graduate School, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanzhi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guangchun Bai
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Guangchun Bai,
| | - Yinlan Bai
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Yinlan Bai,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Phage Cocktail Targeting STEC O157:H7 Has Comparable Efficacy and Superior Recovery Compared with Enrofloxacin in an Enteric Murine Model. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0023222. [PMID: 35536028 PMCID: PMC9241756 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00232-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O157:H7 is the most important Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotype in relation to public health. Given that antibiotics may contribute to the exacerbation of STEC-related disease and an increased frequency of antibiotic-resistant strains, bacteriophage (phage) therapy is considered a promising alternative. However, phage therapy targeting enteric pathogens is still underdeveloped with many confounding effects from the microbiota. Here we comprehensively compared the therapeutic efficacy of a phage cocktail with the antibiotic enrofloxacin in a mouse model of STEC O157:H7 EDL933 infection. Enrofloxacin treatment provided 100% survival and the phage cocktail treatment provided 90% survival. However, in terms of mouse recovery, the phage cocktail outperformed enrofloxacin in all measured outcomes. Compared with enrofloxacin treatment, phage treatment led to a faster elimination of enteric pathogens, decreased expression levels of inflammatory markers, increased weight gain, maintenance of a stable relative organ weight, and improved homeostasis of the gut microbiota. These results provide support for the potential of phage therapy to combat enteric pathogens and suggest that phage treatment leads to enhanced recovery of infected mice compared with antibiotics. IMPORTANCE With the increasing severity of antibiotic resistance and other adverse consequences, animal experiments and clinical trials investigating the use of phages for the control and prevention of enteric bacterial infections are growing. However, the effects of phages and antibiotics on organisms when treating intestinal infections have not been precisely studied. Here, we comprehensively compared the therapeutic efficacy of a phage cocktail to the antibiotic enrofloxacin in a mouse model of STEC O157:H7 EDL933 infection. We found that, despite a slightly lower protection rate, phage treatment contributed to a faster recovery of infected mice compared with enrofloxacin. These results highlight the potential benefits of phage therapy to combat enteric infections.
Collapse
|
12
|
Recent Strategies to Combat Biofilms Using Antimicrobial Agents and Therapeutic Approaches. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030292. [PMID: 35335616 PMCID: PMC8955104 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are intricate bacterial assemblages that attach to diverse surfaces using an extracellular polymeric substance that protects them from the host immune system and conventional antibiotics. Biofilms cause chronic infections that result in millions of deaths around the world every year. Since the antibiotic tolerance mechanism in biofilm is different than that of the planktonic cells due to its multicellular structure, the currently available antibiotics are inadequate to treat biofilm-associated infections which have led to an immense need to find newer treatment options. Over the years, various novel antibiofilm compounds able to fight biofilms have been discovered. In this review, we have focused on the recent and intensively researched therapeutic techniques and antibiofilm agents used for biofilm treatment and grouped them according to their type and mode of action. We also discuss some therapeutic approaches that have the potential for future advancement.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharifi A, Nayeri Fasaei B. Selected plant essential oils inhibit biofilm formation and
luxS‐
and
pfs‐
mediated quorum sensing by
Escherichia coli
O157:H7. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 74:916-923. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aram Sharifi
- Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Kurdistan Sanandaj Kurdistan Iran
| | - Bahar Nayeri Fasaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Operational culture conditions determinate benzalkonium chloride resistance in L. monocytogenes-E. coli dual species biofilms. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 360:109441. [PMID: 34717152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms pose a serious challenge to the food industry. Higher resistance of biofilms to any external stimuli is a major hindrance for their eradication. In this study, we compared the growth dynamics and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) resistance of dual species Listeria monocytogenes-Escherichia coli 48 h biofilms formed on stainless steel (SS) coupons surfaces under batch and fed-batch cultures. Differences between both operational culture conditions were evaluated in terms of total viable adhered cells (TVAC) in the coupons during 48 h of the mixed-culture and of reduction of viable adhered cells (RVAC) obtained after BAC-treatment of a 48 h biofilm of L. monocytogenes-E. coli formed under both culture conditions. Additionally, epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and confocal scanning microscopy (CLSM) permitted to visualize the 2D and 3D biofilms structure, respectively. Observed results showed an increase in the TVAC of both strains during biofilm development, being the number of E. coli adhered cells higher than L. monocytogenes in both experimental systems (p < 0.05). Additionally, the number of both strains were higher approximately 2.0 log CFU/coupon in batch conditions compared to fed-batch system (p < 0.05). On the contrary, significantly higher resistance to BAC was observed in biofilms formed under fed-batch conditions. Furthermore, in batch system both strains had a similar reduction level of approximately 2.0 log CFU/coupon, while significantly higher resistance of E. coli compared to L. monocytogenes (reduction level of 0.69 and 1.72 log CFU/coupon, respectively) (p < 0.05) was observed in fed-batch system. Microscopic image visualization corroborated these results and showed higher complexity of 2D and 3D structures in dual species biofilms formed in batch cultures. Overall, we can conclude that the complexity of the biofilm structure does not always imply higher resistance to external stimuli, and highlights the need to mimic industrial operational conditions in the experimental systems in order to better assess the risk associated to the presence of pathogenic bacterial biofilms.
Collapse
|
15
|
Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Motility and Biofilm Formation by Salicylate and Decanoate: MarA/SoxS/Rob and pchE Interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0189121. [PMID: 34788062 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01891-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophage-encoded Escherichia coli O157:H7 transcription factor (TF), PchE, inhibits biofilm formation and attachment to cultured epithelial cells by reducing curli fimbriae expression and increasing flagella expression. To identify pchE regulators that might be used in intervention strategies to reduce environmental persistence or host infections, we performed a computational search of O157:H7 strain PA20 pchE promoter sequences for binding sites used by known TFs. A common site shared by MarA/SoxS/Rob TFs was identified and the typical MarA/Rob inducers, salicylate and decanoate, were tested for biofilm and motility effects. Sodium salicylate, a proven biofilm inhibitor, but not sodium decanoate, strongly reduced O157:H7 biofilms by a pchE-independent mechanism. Both salicylate and decanoate enhanced O157:H7 motility dependent on pchE using media and incubation temperatures optimum for culturing human epithelial cells. However, induction of pchE by salicylate did not activate the SOS response. MarA/SoxS/Rob inducers provide new potential agents for controlling O157:H7 interactions with the host and its persistence in the environment. IMPORTANCE There is a need to develop E. coli serotype O157:H7 non-antibiotic interventions that do not precipitate the release and activation of virulence factor-encoded prophage and transferrable genetic elements. One method is to stimulate existing regulatory pathways that repress bacterial persistence and virulence genes. Here we show that certain inducers of MarA and Rob have that ability, working through both pchE-dependent and -independent pathways.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cisneros L, Cattelan N, Villalba MI, Rodriguez C, Serra DO, Yantorno O, Fadda S. Lactic acid bacteria biofilms and their ability to mitigate Escherichia coli O157:H7 surface colonization. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:247-256. [PMID: 34008189 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert antagonistic activities against diverse microorganisms, including pathogens. In this work, we aimed to investigate the ability of LAB strains isolated from food to produce biofilms and to inhibit growth and surface colonization of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 at 10°C. The ability of 100 isolated LAB to inhibit EHEC O157:H7 NCTC12900 growth was evaluated in agar diffusion assays. Thirty-seven LAB strains showed strong growth inhibitory effect on EHEC. The highest inhibitory activities corresponded to LAB strains belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Pediococcus pentosaceus species. Eighteen out of the 37 strains that showed growth inhibitory effects on EHEC also had the ability to form biofilms on polystyrene surfaces at 10°C and 30°C. Pre-established biofilms on polystyrene of four of these LAB strains were able to reduce significantly surface colonization by EHEC at low temperature (10°C). Among these four strains, Lact. plantarum CRL 1075 not only inhibited EHEC but also was able to grow in the presence of the enteric pathogen. Therefore, this strain proved to be a good candidate for further technological studies oriented to its application in food-processing environments to mitigate undesirable surface contaminations of E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cisneros
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - N Cattelan
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M I Villalba
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Rodriguez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - D O Serra
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET, UNR), Predio CONICET Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda (2000), Rosario, Argentina
| | - O Yantorno
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Fadda
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mirani ZA, Urooj S, Ullah A, Khan MN, Rauf N, Mehmood A, Fenghuan W, Shaikh IA, Khan AB. Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Biofilm Consortia of E. coli. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
18
|
Miller AL, Bessho S, Grando K, Tükel Ç. Microbiome or Infections: Amyloid-Containing Biofilms as a Trigger for Complex Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638867. [PMID: 33717189 PMCID: PMC7952436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is the community of microorganisms that live upon or within their human host. The microbiota consists of various microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea; the gut microbiota is comprised mostly of bacteria. Many bacterial species within the gut microbiome grow as biofilms, which are multicellular communities embedded in an extracellular matrix. Studies have shown that the relative abundances of bacterial species, and therefore biofilms and bacterial byproducts, change during progression of a variety of human diseases including gastrointestinal, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cancer. Studies have shown the location and proximity of the biofilms within the gastrointestinal tract might impact disease outcome. Gram-negative enteric bacteria secrete the amyloid curli, which makes up as much as 85% of the extracellular matrix of enteric biofilms. Curli mediates cell-cell attachment and attachment to various surfaces including extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin and laminin. Structurally, curli is strikingly similar to pathological and immunomodulatory human amyloids such as amyloid-β, which has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein, which is involved in Parkinson's disease, and serum amyloid A, which is secreted during the acute phase of inflammation. The immune system recognizes both bacterial amyloid curli and human amyloids utilizing the same receptors, so curli also induces inflammation. Moreover, recent work indicates that curli can participate in the self-assembly process of pathological human amyloids. Curli is found within biofilms of commensal enteric bacteria as well as invasive pathogens; therefore, evidence suggests that curli contributes to complex human diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on how bacterial biofilms containing curli participate in the pathological and immunological processes in gastrointestinal diseases, systemic autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shingo Bessho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Grando
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bharti S, Maurya RK, Venugopal U, Singh R, Akhtar MS, Krishnan MY. Rv1717 Is a Cell Wall - Associated β-Galactosidase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis That Is Involved in Biofilm Dispersion. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:611122. [PMID: 33584576 PMCID: PMC7873859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.611122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the function of conserved hypothetical protein (CHP)s expressed by a pathogen in the infected host can lead to better understanding of its pathogenesis. The present work describes the functional characterization of a CHP, Rv1717 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Rv1717 has been previously reported to be upregulated in TB patient lungs. Rv1717 belongs to the cupin superfamily of functionally diverse proteins, several of them being carbohydrate handling proteins. Bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed similarity to glycosyl hydrolases. Enzymatic studies with recombinant Rv1717 purified from Escherichia coli showed that the protein is a β-D-galactosidase specific for pyranose form rather than the furanose form. We expressed the protein in Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm), which lacks its ortholog. In MsmRv1717, the protein was found to localize to the cell wall (CW) with a preference to the poles. MsmRv1717 showed significant changes in colony morphology and cell surface properties. Most striking observation was its unusual Congo red colony morphotype, reduced ability to form biofilms, pellicles and autoagglutinate. Exogenous Rv1717 not only prevented biofilm formation in Msm, but also degraded preformed biofilms, suggesting that its substrate likely exists in the exopolysaccharides of the biofilm matrix. Presence of galactose in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) has not been reported before and hence we used the galactose-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin (WFL) to test the same. The lectin extensively bound to Msm and Mtb EPS, but not the bacterium per se. Purified Rv1717 also hydrolyzed exopolysaccharides extracted from Msm biofilm. Eventually, to decipher its role in Mtb, we downregulated its expression and demonstrate that the strain is unable to disperse from in vitro biofilms, unlike the wild type. Biofilms exposed to carbon starvation showed a sudden upregulation of Rv1717 transcripts supporting the potential role of Rv1717 in Mtb dispersing from a deteriorating biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bharti
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Maurya
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Radhika Singh
- Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Md Sohail Akhtar
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma A, Neumann N, Chui L. Phenotypic and Genetic Determination of Biofilm Formation in Heat Resistant Escherichia coli Possessing the Locus of Heat Resistance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020403. [PMID: 33672009 PMCID: PMC7919257 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of thermal inactivation processes, Escherichiacoli biofilms continue to be a persistent source of contamination in food processing environments. E. coli strains possessing the locus of heat resistance are a novel food safety threat and raises the question of whether these strains can also form biofilms. The objectives of this study were to determine biofilm formation in heat resistant E. coli isolates from clinical and environmental origins using an in-house, two-component apparatus and to characterize biofilm formation-associated genes in the isolates using whole genome sequencing. Optimal conditions for biofilm formation in each of the heat resistant isolates were determined by manipulating inoculum size, nutrient concentration, and temperature conditions. Biofilm formation in the heat resistant isolates was detected at temperatures of 24 °C and 37 °C but not at 4 °C. Furthermore, biofilm formation was observed in all environmental isolates but only one clinical isolate despite shared profiles in biofilm formation-associated genes encoded by the isolates from both sources. The circulation of heat resistant E. coli isolates with multi-stress tolerance capabilities in environments related to food processing signify that such strains may be a serious food safety and public health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Norman Neumann
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Linda Chui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Alberta Precision Laboratories—Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-407-8951
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Formation and resistance to cleaning of biofilms at air-liquid-wall interface. Influence of bacterial strain and material. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
22
|
Kowalska J, MaĆkiw E, Stasiak M, Kucharek K, Postupolski J. Biofilm-Forming Ability of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Retail Food in Poland. J Food Prot 2020; 83:2032-2040. [PMID: 32663301 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Biofilms have a significant impact on food safety in the food industry. Many foodborne outbreaks have been associated with pathogenic bacterial strains that can form a biofilm. The present study was conducted under the Official Control and Monitoring Program in Poland to examine the ability of pathogenic bacteria collected from retail food samples to form biofilms. Biofilm formation was assessed by qualitative detection of extracellular polymeric substances on Congo red agar, by adherence to glass with the tube method, by the crystal violet biofilm (CV) assay, and by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A total of 40 isolates from food samples (10 strains each of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus) were examined. The strains were classified as adherent, slightly adherent, or nonadherent; biofilm production was classified as weak (WBP), moderate (MBP), or strong (SBP); and metabolic activity was classified as weak (WMA), moderate (MMA), or high (HMA). The incubation conditions and time influenced the amount of biofilm formed as well as did the growth medium. In the test tubes with Luria-Bertani broth (LBB), 22.5% of the strains were adherent and 77.5% were slightly adherent. Stronger adhesion was obtained in brain heart infusion (BHI) with 2% sucrose; 60% of the isolates were classified as adherent. With the CV assay with LBB, SBP was noted for 7.5% of the strains after 24 h of incubation and for 37.5% of the strains after 48 h. In BHI plus 2% sucrose, SBP was noted for 42.5 and 37.6% of the strains after 24 and 48 h, respectively. With the MTT assay with LBB, HMA was found for 15% of the strains after 24 h of incubation and for 25% of the strains after 48 h. In BHI plus 2% sucrose, 70 and 85% of the incubated strains were classified as HMA after 24 and 48 h, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kowalska
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Food Safety Department, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, 24 Chocimska str, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9798-1068 [J.K.])
| | - ElŻbieta MaĆkiw
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Food Safety Department, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, 24 Chocimska str, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Stasiak
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Food Safety Department, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, 24 Chocimska str, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharek
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Food Safety Department, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, 24 Chocimska str, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Postupolski
- National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Food Safety Department, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, 24 Chocimska str, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kang JW, Lee HY, Kang DH. Synergistic bactericidal effect of hot water with citric acid against Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm formed on stainless steel. Food Microbiol 2020; 95:103676. [PMID: 33397610 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial effect of hot water with citric acid against Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm on stainless steel (SS). Hot water (50, 60, or 70 °C) with 2% citric acid exhibited a synergistic bactericidal effect on the pathogen biofilm. It was revealed that hot water and citric acid combination induced sub-lethally injured cells. Additionally, mechanisms of the synergistic bactericidal effects of hot water with citric acid were identified through several approaches. In terms of biofilm matrix, hot water removes exopolysaccharides, a major component of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), thereby increasing contact between surface cells and citric acid, resulting in a synergistic bactericidal effect. In terms of the cell itself, increased permeability of citric acid through cell membranes destructed by hot water promotes the inactivation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in E. coli O157:H7, which induce synergistic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which promote inactivation of cell by activating lipid peroxidation, resulting in destruction of the cell membrane. Therefore, it is interpreted that when hot water with citric acid is applied to E. coli O157:H7 biofilm, synergy effects on the biofilm matrix and cell itself have a complex interaction with each other, thus causing a dramatic synergistic bactericidal effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Won Kang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yeon Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu TT, Kuppusamy R, Yasir M, Hassan MM, Alghalayini A, Gadde S, Deplazes E, Cranfield C, Willcox MD, Black DS, Kumar N. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Biphenylglyoxamide-Based Small Molecular Antimicrobial Peptide Mimics as Antibacterial Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6789. [PMID: 32947921 PMCID: PMC7555970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic mimics as a novel class of antibiotics to overcome the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance. Recently, phenylglyoxamide-based small molecular AMP mimics have been identified as potential leads to treat bacterial infections. In this study, a new series of biphenylglyoxamide-based small molecular AMP mimics were synthesised from the ring-opening reaction of N-sulfonylisatin bearing a biphenyl backbone with a diamine, followed by the conversion into tertiary ammonium chloride, quaternary ammonium iodide and guanidinium hydrochloride salts. Structure-activity relationship studies of the analogues identified the octanesulfonyl group as being essential for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative antibacterial activity, while the biphenyl backbone was important for Gram-negative antibacterial activity. The most potent analogue was identified to be chloro-substituted quaternary ammonium iodide salt 15c, which possesses antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (MIC against Staphylococcus aureus = 8 μM) and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC against Escherichia coli = 16 μM, Pseudomonas aeruginosa = 63 μM) and disrupted 35% of pre-established S. aureus biofilms at 32 μM. Cytoplasmic membrane permeability and tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) studies suggested that 15c acts as a bacterial membrane disruptor. In addition, in vitro toxicity studies showed that the potent compounds are non-toxic against human cells at therapeutic dosages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Tin Yu
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.T.Y.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Rajesh Kuppusamy
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.T.Y.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.Y.); (M.D.P.W.)
| | - Md. Musfizur Hassan
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.T.Y.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Amani Alghalayini
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Ultimo 2007, Australia; (A.A.); (E.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Satyanarayana Gadde
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.T.Y.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Evelyne Deplazes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Ultimo 2007, Australia; (A.A.); (E.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Charles Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Ultimo 2007, Australia; (A.A.); (E.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Mark D.P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.Y.); (M.D.P.W.)
| | - David StC Black
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.T.Y.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.T.Y.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jeffries J, Thongsomboon W, Visser JA, Enriquez K, Yager D, Cegelski L. Variation in the ratio of curli and phosphoethanolamine cellulose associated with biofilm architecture and properties. Biopolymers 2020; 112:e23395. [PMID: 32894594 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacteria entangled in a self-produced extracellular matrix (ECM). Escherichia coli direct the assembly of two insoluble biopolymers, curli amyloid fibers, and phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) cellulose, to build remarkable biofilm architectures. Intense curiosity surrounds how bacteria harness these amyloid-polysaccharide composites to build biofilms, and how these biopolymers function to benefit bacterial communities. Defining ECM composition involving insoluble polymeric assemblies poses unique challenges to analysis and, thus, to comparing strains with quantitative ECM molecular correlates. In this work, we present results from a sum-of-the-parts 13 C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis to define the curli-to-pEtN cellulose ratio in the isolated ECM of the E. coli laboratory K12 strain, AR3110. We compare and contrast the compositional analysis and comprehensive biofilm phenotypes for AR3110 and a well-studied clinical isolate, UTI89. The ECM isolated from AR3110 contains approximately twice the amount of pEtN cellulose relative to curli content as UTI89, revealing plasticity in matrix assembly principles among strains. The two parent strains and a panel of relevant gene mutants were investigated in three biofilm models, examining: (a) macrocolonies on agar, (b) pellicles at the liquid-air interface, and (c) biomass accumulation on plastic. We describe the influence of curli, cellulose, and the pEtN modification on biofilm phenotypes with power in the direct comparison of these strains. The results suggest that curli more strongly influence adhesion, while pEtN cellulose drives cohesion. Their individual and combined influence depends on both the biofilm modality (agar, pellicle, or plastic-associated) and the strain itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Jeffries
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Kyle Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Deborah Yager
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lynette Cegelski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim SY, Kang SS. Anti-Biofilm Activities of Manuka Honey against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:668-674. [PMID: 32734273 PMCID: PMC7372985 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Manuka honey (MH) has been shown anti-bacterial activity against several
pathogenic bacteria. However, the inhibitory effect of MH on biofilm formation
by Escherichia coli O157:H7 has not yet been examined. In this
study, MH significantly reduced E. coli O157:H7 biofilm.
Moreover, pre- and post-treatment with MH also significantly reduced E.
coli O157:H7 biofilm. Cellular metabolic activities exhibited that
the viability of E. coli O157:H7 biofilm cells was reduced in
the presence of MH. Further, colony forming unit of MH-treated E.
coli O157:H7 biofilm was significantly reduced by over 70%.
Collectively, this study suggests the potential of anti-biofilm properties of MH
which could be applied to control E. coli O157:H7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Evaluation of Phosphoethanolamine Cellulose Production among Bacterial Communities Using Congo Red Fluorescence. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00030-20. [PMID: 32312746 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00030-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities of bacterial cells enmeshed in an extracellular matrix (ECM). The biofilm lifestyle results in physiological heterogeneity across the community, promotes persistence, and protects cells from external insults such as antibiotic treatment. Escherichia coli was recently discovered to produce a chemically modified form of cellulose, phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) cellulose, which contributes to the formation of its extracellular matrix and elaboration of its hallmark wrinkled macrocolony architectures. Both pEtN cellulose and unmodified cellulose bind dyes such as calcofluor white and Congo red (CR). Here, we present the use of CR fluorescence to distinguish between pEtN cellulose and unmodified cellulose producers. We demonstrate the utility of this tool in the evaluation of a uropathogenic E. coli clinical isolate that appeared to produce curli and a cellulosic component but did not exhibit macrocolony wrinkling. We determined that lack of macrocolony wrinkling was attributed to a single-nucleotide mutation and introduction of a stop codon in bcsG, abrogating production of BcsG, the pEtN transferase. Thus, this work underscores the important contribution of the pEtN cellulose modification to the E. coli agar-based macrocolony wrinkling phenotype and introduces a facile approach to distinguish between modified and unmodified cellulose.IMPORTANCE E. coli bacteria produce amyloid fibers, termed curli, and a cellulosic component to assemble biofilm communities. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, and we recently discovered that the cellulosic component in E. coli biofilms was not standard cellulose, but a newly identified cellulosic polymer, phosphoethanolamine cellulose. Studies involving the biological and functional impact of this cellulose modification among E. coli and other organisms are just beginning. Convenient methods for distinguishing pEtN cellulose from unmodified cellulose in E. coli and for estimating production are needed to facilitate further research. Dissecting the balance of pEtN cellulose and curli production by E. coli commensal strains and clinical isolates will improve our understanding of the host microbiome and of factors contributing to bacterial pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Escherichia coli O157:H7 Curli Fimbriae Promotes Biofilm Formation, Epithelial Cell Invasion, and Persistence in Cattle. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040580. [PMID: 32316415 PMCID: PMC7232329 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) is noninvasive and a weak biofilm producer; however, a subset of O157 are exceptions. O157 ATCC 43895 forms biofilms and invades epithelial cells. Tn5 mutagenesis identified a mutation responsible for both phenotypes. The insertion mapped within the curli csgB fimbriae locus. Screening of O157 strains for biofilm formation and cell invasion identified a bovine and a clinical isolate with those characteristics. A single base pair A to T transversion, intergenic to the curli divergent operons csgDEFG and csgBAC, was present only in biofilm-producing and invasive strains. Using site-directed mutagenesis, this single base change was introduced into two curli-negative/noninvasive O157 strains and modified strains to form biofilms, produce curli, and gain invasive capability. Transmission electron microscopy (EM) and immuno-EM confirmed curli fibers. EM of bovine epithelial cells (MAC-T) co-cultured with curli-expressing O157 showed intracellular bacteria. The role of curli in O157 persistence in cattle was examined by challenging cattle with curli-positive and -negative O157 and comparing carriage. The duration of bovine colonization with the O157 curli-negative mutant was shorter than its curli-positive isogenic parent. These findings definitively demonstrate that a single base pair stably confers biofilm formation, epithelial cell invasion, and persistence in cattle.
Collapse
|
29
|
The Occurrence of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli in Aquaponic and Hydroponic Systems. HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Food safety concerns have been raised over vegetables and herbs grown in aquaponics and hydroponics due to the reuse of wastewater and spent nutrient solutions. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of foodborne pathogens in greenhouse-based aquaponic and hydroponic systems. Fish feces, recirculating water, roots, and the edible portions of lettuce, basil, and tomato were collected at harvest, and microbiological analyses were conducted for the bacterial pathogens Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. Enrichments and selective media were used for the isolation, and presumptive positive colonies were confirmed by PCR. STEC was found in fish feces, in the water of both systems, and on the surface of the roots of lettuce, basil, and tomato regardless of the system. However, contaminated water did not lead to the internalization of STEC into the roots, leaves, and/or fruit of the plants. Meanwhile, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were not present in any samples examined. Our results demonstrated that there are potential food safety hazards for fresh produce grown in aquaponic and hydroponic production systems.
Collapse
|
30
|
Interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with Listeria innocua in dual species biofilms and inactivation following disinfectant treatments. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
31
|
Kocot AM, Olszewska MA. Interaction and inactivation of
Listeria
and
Lactobacillus
cells in single and mixed species biofilms exposed to different disinfectants. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Kocot
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food ScienceUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - Magdalena A. Olszewska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food ScienceUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee JH, Kim YG, Khadke SK, Yamano A, Woo JT, Lee J. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of prenylated flavanones from Macaranga tanarius. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 63:153033. [PMID: 31352284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms presents a worldwide problem that requires novel antibiotic and non-antibiotic strategies, and biofilm formation is a mechanism of drug resistance utilized by diverse microorganisms. The majority of microorganisms live in biofilms that help their survival against starvation, antimicrobial agents, and immunological defense systems. Therefore, it is important novel compounds be identified that inhibit biofilm formation and cell survival without drug resistance. STUDY DESIGN In this study, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of five prenylated flavanones (Okinawan propolins) isolated from fruits of Macaranga tanarius (L.) were investigated against 14 microorganisms including 10 pathogens. RESULTS Of these five propolins, propolin D at 5-10 µg/ml significantly inhibited biofilm formation by three Staphylococcus aureus strains, a Staphylococcus epidermidis strain, and a Candida albicans with MICs from 10 to 50 µg/ml, and in C. albicans, propolin D was found to inhibit biofilm formation by reducing cell aggregation and downregulated the expressions of hypha/biofilm-related genes including ECE1 and HWP1. Interestingly, at sub-MIC concentrations (10-50 µg/ml), propolin D significantly inhibited biofilm formation by enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7, uropathogenic E. coli O6:H1, and Acinetobacter baumannii without affecting planktonic cell growth, but did not inhibit biofilm formation by a commensal E. coli K-12 strain, three probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strains, or two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. And, propolin D reduced fimbriae production by E. coli O157:H7 and repressed gene expression of curli fimbriae genes (csgA and csgB). Also, propolin D was minimally toxic in a Caenorhabditis elegans nematode model. CONCLUSION These findings show that prenylated flavanones, especially propolin D from Macaranga tanarius (Okinawan propolis), should be considered potential candidates for the development of non-toxic antibacterial and antifungal agents against persistent microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sagar Kiran Khadke
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Aki Yamano
- Okinawa Research Center Co. Ltd., Okinawa 904-2234, Japan
| | - Je-Tae Woo
- Okinawa Research Center Co. Ltd., Okinawa 904-2234, Japan.
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bufe T, Hennig A, Klumpp J, Weiss A, Nieselt K, Schmidt H. Differential transcriptome analysis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains reveals differences in response to plant-derived compounds. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:212. [PMID: 31488056 PMCID: PMC6729007 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several serious vegetable-associated outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections have occurred during the last decades. In this context, vegetables have been suggested to function as secondary reservoirs for EHEC strains. Increased knowledge about the interaction of EHEC with plants including gene expression patterns in response to plant-derived compounds is required. In the current study, EHEC O157:H7 strain Sakai, EHEC O157:H- strain 3072/96, and the EHEC/enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) hybrid O104:H4 strain C227-11φcu were grown in lamb's lettuce medium and in M9 minimal medium to study the differential transcriptional response of these strains to plant-derived compounds with RNA-Seq technology. RESULTS Many genes involved in carbohydrate degradation and peptide utilization were similarly upregulated in all three strains, suggesting that the lamb's lettuce medium provides sufficient nutrients for proliferation. In particular, the genes galET and rbsAC involved in galactose metabolism and D-ribose catabolism, respectively, were uniformly upregulated in the investigated strains. The most prominent differences in shared genome transcript levels were observed for genes involved in the expression of flagella. Transcripts of all three classes of the flagellar hierarchy were highly abundant in strain C227-11φcu. Strain Sakai expressed only genes encoding the basal flagellar structure. In addition, both strains showed increased motility in presence of lamb's lettuce extract. Moreover, strain 3072/96 showed increased transcription activity for genes encoding the type III secretion system (T3SS) including effectors, and was identified as a powerful biofilm-producer in M9 minimal medium. CONCLUSION The current study provides clear evidence that EHEC and EHEC/EAEC strains are able to adjust their gene expression patterns towards metabolization of plant-derived compounds, demonstrating that they may proliferate well in a plant-associated environment. Moreover, we propose that flagella and other surface structures play a fundamental role in the interaction of EHEC and EHEC/EAEC with plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Bufe
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - André Hennig
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Klumpp
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnes Weiss
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kay Nieselt
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Herbert Schmidt
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Actinobacteria-a promising natural source of anti-biofilm agents. Int Microbiol 2019; 22:403-409. [PMID: 30847714 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A biofilm is a community of microorganisms attached to a surface and embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilms confer resistance towards conventional antibiotic treatments; thus, there is an urgent need for newer and more effective antimicrobial agents that can act against these biofilms. Due to this situation, various studies have been done to investigate the anti-biofilm effects of natural products including bioactive compounds extracted from microorganisms such as Actinobacteria. This review provides an insight into the anti-biofilm potential of Actinobacteria against various pathogenic bacteria, which hopefully provides useful information, guidance, and improvements for future antimicrobial studies. Nevertheless, further research on the anti-biofilm mechanisms and compound modifications to produce more potent anti-biofilm effects are required.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-attached microbial communities with distinct properties, which have a tremendous impact on public health and food safety. In the meat industry, biofilms remain a serious concern because many foodborne pathogens can form biofilms in areas at meat plants that are difficult to sanitize properly, and biofilm cells are more tolerant to sanitization than their planktonic counterparts. Furthermore, nearly all biofilms in commercial environments consist of multiple species of microorganisms, and the complex interactions within the community significantly influence the architecture, activity, and sanitizer tolerance of the biofilm society. This review focuses on the effect of microbial coexistence on mixed biofilm formation with foodborne pathogens of major concern in the fresh meat industry and their resultant sanitizer tolerance. The factors that would affect biofilm cell transfer from contact surfaces to meat products, one of the most common transmission routes that could lead to product contamination, are discussed as well. Available results from recent studies relevant to the meat industry, implying the potential role of bacterial persistence and biofilm formation in meat contamination, are reviewed in response to the pressing need to understand the mechanisms that cause "high event period" contamination at commercial meat processing plants. A better understanding of these events would help the industry to enhance strategies to prevent contamination and improve meat safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rodrigues SV, Laviniki V, Borges KA, Furian TQ, Moraes HLS, Nascimento VP, Salle CTP. Biofilm Formation by Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli is Not Related to In Vivo Pathogenicity. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:194-199. [PMID: 30515580 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the pathogens that most concerns the poultry industry worldwide due to the economic losses it can cause. APEC persistence and survival, both in the environment and in the host, may be a consequence of biofilm-producing capabilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate APEC strains' biofilm production and its relationship to in vivo pathogenicity. Two hundred thirty-eight APEC isolates from three different origins (broiler bedding material, cellulite lesions, and respiratory diseases) were selected. The in vivo pathogenicity index (PI) was determined. Biofilm formation was evaluated using a microplate assay with analysis of colony morphology in Congo Red agar in order to detect the phenotypic expression of curli fimbriae and cellulose. Regarding biofilm production, it was observed that 55.8% of the strains produced biofilms. In the morphological test, 88.2% of the isolates expressed one or both components at one of the temperatures at least, and 11.8% of the isolates did not express curli or cellulose. Cellulose production was significantly higher at 25 °C. On the other hand, curli production was significantly higher at 37 °C. The study data indicate that there is no association between biofilm production and in vivo pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suelle V Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Laviniki
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Karen A Borges
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Thales Q Furian
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Hamilton L S Moraes
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vladimir P Nascimento
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos T P Salle
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Majzoub ME, McElroy K, Maczka M, Thomas T, Egan S. Causes and Consequences of a Variant Strain of Phaeobacter inhibens With Reduced Competition. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2601. [PMID: 30450086 PMCID: PMC6224355 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeobacter inhibens 2.10 is an effective biofilm former and colonizer of marine surfaces and has the ability to outcompete other microbiota. During biofilm dispersal P. inhibens 2.10 produces heritable phenotypic variants, including those that have a reduced ability to inhibit the co-occurring bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata. However, the genetic changes that underpin the phenotypic variation and what the ecological consequences are for variants within the population are unclear. To answer these questions we sequenced the genomes of strain NCV12a1, a biofilm variant of P. inhibens 2.10 with reduced inhibitory activity and the P. inhibens 2.10 WT parental strain. Genome wide analysis revealed point mutations in genes involved in synthesis of the antibacterial compound tropodithietic acid (TDA) and indirectly in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production. However, confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses found little differences in biofilm growth between P. inhibens 2.10 WT (parental) and NCV12a1. P. inhibens NCV12a1 was also not outcompeted in co-cultured biofilms with P. tunicata, despite its reduced inhibitory activity, rather these biofilms were thicker than those produced when the WT strain was co-cultured with P. tunicata. Notably, dispersal populations from biofilms of P. inhibens NCV12a1 had a higher proportion of WT-like morphotypes when co-cultured with P. tunicata. These observations may explain why the otherwise non-inhibiting variant persists in the presence of a natural competitor, adding to our understanding of the relative importance of genetic diversification in microbial biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan E Majzoub
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerensa McElroy
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael Maczka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Projahn M, Daehre K, Semmler T, Guenther S, Roesler U, Friese A. Environmental adaptation and vertical dissemination of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli in an integrated broiler production chain in the absence of an antibiotic treatment. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:1017-1026. [PMID: 29345080 PMCID: PMC6196392 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence numbers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-)/plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken and their distribution along the broiler production chain is an ongoing problem in food production. We, therefore, investigated resistant isolates along the broiler production chain to determine whether there is a constantly occurring direct vertical transmission of the ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli from the parent flocks to their offspring or not. We, furthermore, analysed the isolates concerning the occurrence of virulence factors and their ability to form biofilms to estimate their potential to effectively colonize broiler chickens and/or persist and survive in the environment of the broiler production facilities. Using whole genome sequencing, we could show that ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli were likely transferred in a step-wise process along the broiler production chain but not directly from the parent flock to the fattening flock with every single batch of offspring chickens. Additionally, resistant E. coli strains showing an extraintestinal pathogenic genotype as well as high numbers of virulence-associated genes including the production of curli fibres and cellulose have high capabilities to persist and spread in the broiler production chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Projahn
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Present address:
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, D‐12277BerlinGermany
| | - Katrin Daehre
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Synthetic small molecules as anti-biofilm agents in the struggle against antibiotic resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:154-178. [PMID: 30347328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation significantly contributes to microbial survival in hostile environments and it is currently considered a key virulence factor for pathogens responsible for serious chronic infections. In the last decade many efforts have been made to identify new agents able to modulate bacterial biofilm life cycle, and many compounds have shown interesting activities in inhibiting biofilm formation or in dispersing pre-formed biofilms. However, only a few of these compounds were tested using in vivo models for their clinical significance. Contrary to conventional antibiotics, most of the anti-biofilm compounds act as anti-virulence agents as they do not affect bacterial growth. In this review we selected the most relevant literature of the last decade, focusing on the development of synthetic small molecules able to prevent bacterial biofilm formation or to eradicate pre-existing biofilms of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. In addition, we provide a comprehensive list of the possible targets to counteract biofilm formation and development, as well as a detailed discussion the advantages and disadvantages of the different current biofilm-targeting strategies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Erskine E, MacPhee CE, Stanley-Wall NR. Functional Amyloid and Other Protein Fibers in the Biofilm Matrix. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3642-3656. [PMID: 30098341 PMCID: PMC6173796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are ubiquitous in the natural and man-made environment. They are defined as microbes that are encapsulated in an extracellular, self-produced, biofilm matrix. Growing evidence from the genetic and biochemical analysis of single species biofilms has linked the presence of fibrous proteins to a functional biofilm matrix. Some of these fibers have been described as functional amyloid or amyloid-like fibers. Here we provide an overview of the biophysical and biological data for a wide range of protein fibers found in the biofilm matrix of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Erskine
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Cait E MacPhee
- James Clerk Maxwell Building, School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, The Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK.
| | - Nicola R Stanley-Wall
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zaman S, Ahmed S, Kabir M, Bari M. Microbiological risk assessment and simple cost-effective ways to reduce the risk in bulk food bags manufacturing company. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Zaman
- Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sunzid Ahmed
- Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md.Raihan Kabir
- Quality Control & Assurance Division; Dutch-Bangla Pack Limited, Boro Baluakandi; Gazaria Munshiganj Bangladesh
| | - Md.Latiful Bari
- Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Amyloid by Design: Intrinsic Regulation of Microbial Amyloid Assembly. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3631-3641. [PMID: 30017921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The term amyloid has historically been used to describe fibrillar aggregates formed as the result of protein misfolding and that are associated with a range of diseases broadly termed amyloidoses. The discovery of "functional amyloids" expanded the amyloid umbrella to encompass aggregates structurally similar to disease-associated amyloids but that engage in a variety of biologically useful tasks without incurring toxicity. The mechanisms by which functional amyloid systems ensure nontoxic assembly has provided insights into potential therapeutic strategies for treating amyloidoses. Some of the most-studied functional amyloids are ones produced by bacteria. Curli amyloids are extracellular fibers made by enteric bacteria that function to encase and protect bacterial communities during biofilm formation. Here we review recent studies highlighting microbial functional amyloid assembly systems that are tailored to enable the assembly of non-toxic amyloid aggregates.
Collapse
|
43
|
Montes García JF, Vaca S, Delgado NL, Uribe-García A, Vázquez C, Sánchez Alonso P, Xicohtencatl Cortes J, Cruz Cordoba A, Negrete Abascal E. Mannheimia haemolytica OmpP2-like is an amyloid-like protein, forms filaments, takes part in cell adhesion and is part of biofilms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 111:2311-2321. [PMID: 29974354 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mannheimia haemolytica causes respiratory disease in cattle. Amyloid proteins are a major component of biofilms; they aid in adhesion and confer resistance against several environmental insults. The amyloid protein curli is highly resistant to protease digestion and physical and chemical denaturation and binds Congo red (CR) dye. The purpose of this study was to characterize an approximately 50-kDa CR-binding amyloid-like protein (ALP) expressed by M. haemolytica. This protein resisted boiling and formic acid digestion and was recognized by a polyclonal anti-Escherichia coli curli serum, suggesting its relationship with amyloid proteins. Immunolabeling and transmission electron microscopy showed that antibodies bound long, thin fibers attached to the bacterial surface. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that these fibers are M. haemolytica OmpP2-like proteins. The purified protein formed filaments in vitro, and antiserum against it reacted positively with biofilms. An in silico analysis of its amino acid sequence indicated it has auto-aggregation properties and eight amyloid peptides. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies generated against this ALP diminished the adhesion of ATCC 31612 and BA1 M. haemolytica strains to A549 human epithelial cells, indicating its participation in cell adhesion. ALP expressed by M. haemolytica may be important in its pathogenicity and ability to form biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Montes García
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios #1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Vaca
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios #1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Norma L Delgado
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios #1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alina Uribe-García
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios #1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Candelario Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, BUAP, Apdo. Postal 1622, 72560, Puebla, Mexico
| | - P Sánchez Alonso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, BUAP, Apdo. Postal 1622, 72560, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J Xicohtencatl Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Ciudad De México, Mexico
| | - A Cruz Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Ciudad De México, Mexico
| | - E Negrete Abascal
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios #1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mosharaf MK, Tanvir MZH, Haque MM, Haque MA, Khan MAA, Molla AH, Alam MZ, Islam MS, Talukder MR. Metal-Adapted Bacteria Isolated From Wastewaters Produce Biofilms by Expressing Proteinaceous Curli Fimbriae and Cellulose Nanofibers. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1334. [PMID: 29988579 PMCID: PMC6026672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm plays a pivotal role in bioremediation of heavy metals from wastewaters. In this study, we isolated and identified different biofilm producing bacteria from wastewaters. We also characterized the biofilm matrix [i.e., extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)] produced by different bacteria. Out of 40 isolates from different wastewaters, only 11 (27.5%) isolates (static condition at 28°C) and 9 (22.5%) isolates (agitate and static conditions at 28 and 37°C) produced air–liquid (AL) and solid–air–liquid (SAL) biofilms, respectively, only on salt-optimized broth plus 2% glycerol (SOBG) but not in other media tested. Biomass biofilms and bacteria coupled with AL biofilms were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) varied in these isolates. Escherichia coli (isolate ENSD101 and ENST501), Enterobacter asburiae (ENSD102), Enterobacter ludwigii (ENSH201), Pseudomonas fluorescens (ENSH202 and ENSG304), uncultured Vitreoscilla sp. (ENSG301 and ENSG305), Acinetobacter lwoffii (ENSG302), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ENSG303), and Bacillus thuringiensis (ENSW401) were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that biofilm matrix produced by E. asburiae ENSD102, uncultured Vitreoscilla sp. ENSG301, A. lwoffii ENSG302, and K. pneumoniae ENSG303 are highly fibrous, compact, and nicely interlinked as compared to the biofilm developed by E. ludwigii ENSH201 and B. thuringiensis ENSW401. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that biofilm matrix produced by E. asburiae ENSD102, uncultured Vitreoscilla sp. ENSG301, and A. lwoffii ENSG302 are non-crystalline amorphous nature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that proteins and polysaccharides are the main components of the biofilms. Congo red binding results suggested that all these bacteria produced proteinaceous curli fimbriae and cellulose-rich polysaccharide. Production of cellulose was also confirmed by Calcofluor binding- and spectrophotometric assays. E. asburiae ENSD102, Vitreoscilla sp. ENSG301, and A. lwoffii ENSG302 were tested for their abilities to form the biofilms exposure to 0 to 2000 mg/L of copper sulfate (for Cu), zinc sulfate (for Zn), lead nitrate (for Pb), nickel chloride (for Ni), and potassium dichromate (for Cr), several concentrations of these metals activated the biofilm formation. The polysaccharides is known to sequester the heavy metals thus, these bacteria might be applied to remove the heavy metals from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Mosharaf
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M Z H Tanvir
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M M Haque
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M A Haque
- Department of Agro-Processing, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M A A Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - A H Molla
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Z Alam
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M S Islam
- Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M R Talukder
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lajhar SA, Brownlie J, Barlow R. Characterization of biofilm-forming capacity and resistance to sanitizers of a range of E. coli O26 pathotypes from clinical cases and cattle in Australia. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:41. [PMID: 29739319 PMCID: PMC5941759 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of biofilms and subsequent encasement of bacterial cells in a complex matrix can enhance resistance to antimicrobials and sterilizing agents making these organisms difficult to eradicate and control. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the capacity of 40 E. coli O26 isolates of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC, n = 27), potential EHEC (pEHEC, n = 3), atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC, n = 8) and non-toxigenic E. coli (NTEC, n = 2) from human and cattle sources to form biofilms on different surfaces, and determine whether extracellular matrix (ECM) components (cellulose, curli), motility, prophage insertion in mlrA and cell surface hydrophobicity could influence biofilm formation. Finally, the influence of biofilm formation on the sensitivity of isolates to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs; Profoam, Kwiksan 22) and peracetic acid-based sanitizer (Topactive Des.) for 2 min on polystyrene plate were also evaluated. RESULTS Biofilm production on one surface may not indicate biofilm formation on a different surface. Biofilm was formed by different pathotypes on polystyrene (70%), stainless steel (87.5%) and glass slides (95%), however only 50% demonstrated pellicle formation. EHEC isolates were significantly more likely to form a pellicle at the air-liquid interface and biofilms on polystyrene surface at 48 h than aEPEC. Strains that don't produce ECM (curli or cellulose), harbor a prophage insertion in mlrA, and are non-motile have lower biofilm forming capacities than those isolates possessing combinations of these attributes. Hydrophobicity had no impact on biofilm formation. After 2 min exposure, none of the disinfectants tested were able to completely inactivate all cells within a biofilm regardless of pathotypes and the amount of biofilm formed. CONCLUSION Pathotypes of E. coli O26 showed varying capacities to form biofilms, however, most EHEC strains had the capacity to form biofilm on all surfaces and at the air-liquid interface under the conditions used in this study. Biofilms provided a protective effect to E. coli O26 strains against the three sanitizers, previously shown to successfully control the growth of their planktonic counterparts. Whether the characteristics of biofilm forming and non-biofilm forming strains observed in this study reflect their attributes within the food and meat-processing environments is unknown. Further studies that represent the food and meat-processing environments are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Lajhar
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Present address: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QLD, 4108, Australia.
| | - Jeremy Brownlie
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert Barlow
- Present address: CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QLD, 4108, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Adator EH, Cheng M, Holley R, McAllister T, Narvaez-Bravo C. Ability of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli to survive within dry-surface biofilms and transfer to fresh lettuce. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 269:52-59. [PMID: 29421358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are known to play important roles in bacterial survival and persistence in food-processing environments. This study aimed to determine the ability of the top 7 STEC serotypes to form biofilms on polystyrene (POL) and stainless steel (SS) plates and to quantify their survival and transfer from dry-surface biofilms to lettuce pieces. The ability of 14 STEC strains to form biofilms on these two materials at different exposure times and temperatures was assessed using crystal violet, Congo red and SEM. At 10 °C all serotypes were weak biofilm producers on both surfaces. In contrast, serotypes O45-040, O45-445, O103-102, O103-670 and O157-R508 were strong biofilm producers at 25 °C. Strains O103-102, O103-670, O111-CFS, O111-053 and O157:H7-R508 were expressers of curli. Under scanning electron microscopy, strains O103-670, O111-CFS, O157-R508, and O121-083 formed more discernible multilayer, mature biofilms on SS coupons. Regardless of the surface (POL/SS), all STEC strains were able to transfer viable cells onto fresh lettuce within a short contact time (2 min) to varying degrees (up to 6.35 log cfu/g). On POL, viable cell of almost all serotypes exhibited decreased detachment (p = 0.001) over 6 days; while after 30 days on SS, serotypes O45-040, O103-102, O103-670, O111-053, O111-CFS, O121-083, O145-231 O157:H7-R508 and O157:H7-122 were transferred to lettuce. After enrichment, all 14 STEC strains were recovered from dry-surface biofilms on POL and SS plates after 30 days. Results demonstrated that the top 7 STEC remained viable within dry-surface biofilms for at least 30 days, transferring to lettuce within 2 min of exposure and acting as a source of adulteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emelia Hornam Adator
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural & Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue, South Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Meining Cheng
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural & Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rick Holley
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural & Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue, South Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Claudia Narvaez-Bravo
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural & Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kora AJ, Sashidhar R. Biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized with rhamnogalacturonan gum: Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and its mode of action. ARAB J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
48
|
Liu F, Wang F, Du L, Zhao T, Doyle MP, Wang D, Zhang X, Sun Z, Xu W. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of phenyllactic acid against Enterobacter cloacae. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
49
|
Cui H, Bai M, Yuan L, Surendhiran D, Lin L. Sequential effect of phages and cold nitrogen plasma against Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilms on different vegetables. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 268:1-9. [PMID: 29306732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is one of the most common pathogens in fresh vegetables and fruits, and most of the diseases produced by E. coli O157:H7 are associated with biofilms. Cold nitrogen plasma (CNP) is a cold sterilization technique which has no residue. However to completely eliminate the biofilm on the surface of vegetables the processing power and time of CNP have to be enhanced, which will impact on the quality of fruits and vegetables. Thus the sequential treatment of CNP and phage techniques was engineered in this study. Compared to treatment performed separately, sequential treatment not only had more mild treatment conditions as 400W CNP treatment for 2min and 5% phage treatment for 30min, but also exhibited more remarkable effect on eradicating E. coli O157:H7 biofilms in vitro and on vegetables. The population of E. coli O157:H7 was approximately reduced by 2logCFU/cm2 after individual treatment of 5% phages for 30min or 500W CNP for 3min. While the sequential treatment of CNP (400W, 2min) and phages (5%, 30min) reduced the E. coli O157:H7 viable count in biofilm by 5.71logCFU/cm2. Therefore, the sequential treatment holds a great promise to improve the current treatment systems of bacterial contamination on different vegetable surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mei Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Siroli L, Patrignani F, Serrazanetti DI, Chiavari C, Benevelli M, Grazia L, Lanciotti R. Survival of Spoilage and Pathogenic Microorganisms on Cardboard and Plastic Packaging Materials. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2606. [PMID: 29312271 PMCID: PMC5743701 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the interaction of corrugated and plastic materials with pathogenic and spoiling microorganisms frequently associated to fresh produce. The effect of the two packaging materials on the survival during the storage of microorganisms belonging to the species Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Aspergillus flavus was studied through traditional plate counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results obtained showed that cardboard materials, if correctly stored, reduced the potential of packaging to cross-contaminate food due to a faster viability loss by spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms compared to the plastic ones. In fact, the cell loads of the pathogenic species considered decreased over time independently on the inoculation level and packaging material used. However, the superficial viability losses were significantly faster in cardboard compared to plastic materials. The same behavior was observed for the spoilage microorganisms considered. The SEM microphotographs indicate that the reduction of superficial contamination on cardboard surfaces was due to the entrapping of the microbial cells within the fibers and the pores of this material. In addition, SEM data showed that the entrapped cells were subjected to more or less rapid lyses, depending on the species, due to the absence of water and nutrients, with the exception of molds. The latter spoilers were able to proliferate inside the cardboard fibers only when the absorption of water was not prevented during the storage. In conclusion, the findings of this work showed the reduction of cross-contamination potential of corrugated compared to plastic packaging materials used in fruit and vegetable sector. However, the findings outlined the importance of hygiene and low humidity during cardboard storage to prevent the mold growth on packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Cesena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Diana I Serrazanetti
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Chiavari
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marzia Benevelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luigi Grazia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Cesena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|