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Qin G, Wang B, Zhang G, Wu L, Zhu P, Zhang Q. Bikunin: A Promising Prognostic Biomarker for Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in Patients with Viral Hepatitis B. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5765-5775. [PMID: 37670978 PMCID: PMC10476654 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s417472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To screen out potential prognostic biomarkers for HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). Patients and Methods Peripheral blood samples of HBV-ACLF patients (n=56) and normal controls (n=15) from the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2021 to April 2022 were collected, 5 normal patients and 10 patients with ACLF were randomly selected for Data independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry analysis, and the potential core proteins were screened out via bioinformatics. All samples were validated by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) technology, and the survival curve was constructed based on the patient's 90-day survival time. Results A total of 247 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened, of which 148 were upregulated and 99 were down-regulated. The DEPs were mainly enriched in high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling, coagulation, and hemostasis and participated in signaling pathways such as cholesterol metabolism, coagulation cascades, and PPAR signaling pathway. Finally, bikunin was selected for further study and validated via the ELISA, compared with the normal group, bikunin was poorly expressed in the HBV-ACLF group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001), the area under the curve (AUC) for Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was 0.917. Furthermore, compared with the non-survival group, bikunin was highly expressed in the HBV-ACLF survival group, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.0015), and the survival curve showed a positive correlation with patient survival (P=0.0063). Conclusion The level of plasma bikunin in HBV-ACLF is down-regulated, which is positively correlated with the survival of the patients with HBV-ACLF, and is expected to become a new prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Lepedda AJ, Nieddu G, Cannas C, Formato M. Molecular and pathobiological insights of bikunin/UTI in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1701-1711. [PMID: 36414878 PMCID: PMC9889512 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bikunin is a small chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (PG) with Ser-protease inhibitory activity that plays pleiotropic roles in health and disease. It is involved in several physiological processes including stabilization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues and key reproductive events. Bikunin is also implicated in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions and represents a non-invasive circulating and/or urinary (as Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor or UTI) biomarker. It exerts inhibitory effects on urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) mediating tumor invasiveness by a down-regulation of uPA mRNA expression, thus representing an anti-metastatic agent. However, only limited data on its potential as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker of cancer have been reported so far. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have provided researchers with a huge amount of information allowing for large-scale surveys of the cancer proteome. To address such issues, we analyzed bikunin expression data across several types of tumors, by using UALCAN proteogenomic analysis portal. In this article we critically review the roles of bikunin in human pathobiology, with a special focus on its inhibitory effects and mechanisms in cancer aggressiveness as well as its significance as cancer circulating biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Cannas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marilena Formato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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3
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Molecular Dynamics Study of Citrullinated Proteins Associated with the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10010008. [PMID: 35225987 PMCID: PMC8884019 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological activity regulation by protein post-translational modification (PTM) is critical for cell function, development, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of PTM proteins is present in various pathological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects joints, and there are three main types of protein PTMs associated with the development of this disease, namely, glycosylation, citrullination, and carbamylation. Glycosylation is important for the processing and presentation of antigen fragments on the cell surface and can modulate immunoglobulin activity. The citrullination of autoantigens is closely associated with RA, as evidenced by the presence of antibodies specific to citrullinated proteins in the serum of patients. Carbamylation and dysregulation have recently been associated with RA development in humans.In this study, we performed an overview analysis of proteins with post-translational modifications associated with the development of RA adverted in peer-reviewed scientific papers for the past 20 years. As a result of the search, a list of target proteins and corresponding amino acid sequences with PTM in RA was formed. Structural characteristics of the listed modified proteins were extracted from the Protein Data Bank. Then, molecular dynamics experiments of intact protein structures and corresponding structures with PTMs were performed regarding structures in the list announced in the ProtDB service. This study aimed to conduct a molecular dynamics study of intact proteins and proteins, including post-translational modification and protein citrullination, likely associated with RA development. We observed another exhibition of the fundamental physics concept, symmetry, at the submolecular level, unveiled as the autonomous repetitions of outside the protein structural motif performance globule corresponding to those in the whole protein molecule.
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4
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Lord MS, Melrose J, Day AJ, Whitelock JM. The Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Family: Versatile Molecules in Biology and Pathology. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:907-927. [PMID: 32639183 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420940067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) family members are ancient and unique molecules that have evolved over several hundred million years of vertebrate evolution. IαI is a complex containing the proteoglycan bikunin to which heavy chain proteins are covalently attached to the chondroitin sulfate chain. Besides its matrix protective activity through protease inhibitory action, IαI family members interact with extracellular matrix molecules and most notably hyaluronan, inhibit complement, and provide cell regulatory functions. Recent evidence for the diverse roles of the IαI family in both biology and pathology is reviewed and gives insight into their pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis. In addition, the clinical uses of these molecules are explored, such as in the treatment of inflammatory conditions including sepsis and Kawasaki disease, which has recently been associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Northern, Sydney University, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Stem Cell Extracellular Matrix & Glycobiology, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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5
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Ramadan S, Li T, Yang W, Zhang J, Rashidijahanabad Z, Tan Z, Parameswaran N, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bikunin Associated Chondroitin Sulfate 24-mer. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:913-920. [PMID: 32607438 PMCID: PMC7318065 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Bikunin, a chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan clinically used to treat acute inflammation and sepsis, contains a CS chain with more than 20 monosaccharide units. To understand the function of the CS chain of bikunin, synthesis of long CS chains is needed. After exploring multiple glycosylation approaches and protective group chemistry, we report herein the successful generation of the longest CS chain to date (24-mer) in an excellent overall yield on a multi-mg scale. The anti-inflammatory activities of both bikunin and the synthetic 24-mer were determined, and the results demonstrate that both the glycan and the core protein are important for anti-inflammatory activities of bikunin by reducing macrophage production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ramadan
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Tianlu Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Weizhun Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Zahra Rashidijahanabad
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Zibin Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department
of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute
for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- E-mail:
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Smith SM, Melrose J. A Retrospective Analysis of the Cartilage Kunitz Protease Inhibitory Proteins Identifies These as Members of the Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Superfamily with Potential Roles in the Protection of the Articulatory Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030497. [PMID: 30678366 PMCID: PMC6387120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess if the ovine articular cartilage serine proteinase inhibitors (SPIs) were related to the Kunitz inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) family. Methods: Ovine articular cartilage was finely diced and extracted in 6 M urea and SPIs isolated by sequential anion exchange, HA affinity and Sephadex G100 gel permeation chromatography. Selected samples were also subjected to chymotrypsin and concanavalin-A affinity chromatography. Eluant fractions from these isolation steps were monitored for protein and trypsin inhibitory activity. Inhibitory fractions were assessed by affinity blotting using biotinylated trypsin to detect SPIs and by Western blotting using antibodies to α1-microglobulin, bikunin, TSG-6 and 2-B-6 (+) CS epitope generated by chondroitinase-ABC digestion. Results: 2-B-6 (+) positive 250, 220,120, 58 and 36 kDa SPIs were detected. The 58 kDa SPI contained α1-microglobulin, bikunin and chondroitin-4-sulfate stub epitope consistent with an identity of α1-microglobulin-bikunin (AMBP) precursor and was also isolated by concanavalin-A lectin affinity chromatography indicating it had N-glycosylation. Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI) species of 36, 26, 12 and 6 kDa were autolytically generated by prolonged storage of the 120 and 58 kDa SPIs; chymotrypsin affinity chromatography generated the 6 kDa SPI. KPI domain 1 and 2 SPIs were separated by concanavalin lectin affinity chromatography, domain 1 displayed affinity for this lectin indicating it had N-glycosylation. KPI 1 and 2 displayed potent inhibitory activity against trypsin, chymotrypsin, kallikrein, leucocyte elastase and cathepsin G. Localisation of versican, lubricin and hyaluronan (HA) in the surface regions of articular cartilage represented probable binding sites for the ITI serine proteinase inhibitors (SPIs) which may preserve articulatory properties and joint function. Discussion/Conclusions: The Kunitz SPI proteins synthesised by articular chondrocytes are members of the ITI superfamily. By analogy with other tissues in which these proteins occur we deduce that the cartilage Kunitz SPIs may be multifunctional proteins. Binding of the cartilage Kunitz SPIs to HA may protect this polymer from depolymerisation by free radical damage and may also protect other components in the cartilage surface from proteolytic degradation preserving joint function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Smith
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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7
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Wang WK, Lu QH, Wang X, Wang B, Wang J, Gong HP, Wang L, Li H, Du YM. Ulinastatin attenuates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction by the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2497-2504. [PMID: 28962186 PMCID: PMC5609313 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulinastatin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, whether ulinastatin has a protective effect in diabetic cardiomyopathy is yet to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of ulinastatin against diabetic cardiomyopathy and its underlying mechanisms. A C57/BL6J mice model of diabetic cardiomyopathy was used and mice were randomly assigned to three groups: Control group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group and DM + ulinastatin treatment group. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography and the level of inflammatory cytokine high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression was measured using histopathological examination and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured using western blotting and ELISA. The apoptosis rate in the myocardium was assessed by TUNEL assay. Caspase-3 activation, expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated × (Bax) were measured using western blotting, as was the activity of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The results indicated that ulinastatin significantly improved cardiac function in mice with DM. Ulinastatin treatment significantly downregulated HMGB1, TNF-α and IL-6 expression (P<0.05) and significantly reduced the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (P<0.05) via reduction of caspase-3 activation and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in diabetic hearts (P<0.05). In addition, ulinastatin attenuated the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, ulinastatin had a protective effect against DM-induced cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model. This protective effect may be associated with the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic abilities of ulinastatin via the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Healthcare, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Meng Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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8
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Jonczyk MS, Simon M, Kumar S, Fernandes VE, Sylvius N, Mallon AM, Denny P, Andrew PW. Genetic factors regulating lung vasculature and immune cell functions associate with resistance to pneumococcal infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89831. [PMID: 24594938 PMCID: PMC3940657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The susceptibility to pneumococcal infections is controlled by as yet unknown genetic factors. To elucidate these factors could help to develop new medical treatments and tools to identify those most at risk. In recent years genome wide association studies (GWAS) in mice and humans have proved successful in identification of causal genes involved in many complex diseases for example diabetes, systemic lupus or cholesterol metabolism. In this study a GWAS approach was used to map genetic loci associated with susceptibility to pneumococcal infection in 26 inbred mouse strains. As a result four candidate QTLs were identified on chromosomes 7, 13, 18 and 19. Interestingly, the QTL on chromosome 7 was located within S. pneumoniae resistance QTL (Spir1) identified previously in a linkage study of BALB/cOlaHsd and CBA/CaOlaHsd F2 intercrosses. We showed that only a limited number of genes encoded within the QTLs carried phenotype-associated polymorphisms (22 genes out of several hundred located within the QTLs). These candidate genes are known to regulate TGFβ signalling, smooth muscle and immune cells functions. Interestingly, our pulmonary histopathology and gene expression data demonstrated, lung vasculature plays an important role in resistance to pneumococcal infection. Therefore we concluded that the cumulative effect of these candidate genes on vasculature and immune cells functions as contributory factors in the observed differences in susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. We also propose that TGFβ-mediated regulation of fibroblast differentiation plays an important role in development of invasive pneumococcal disease. Gene expression data submitted to the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus Accession No: GSE49533 SNP data submitted to NCBI dbSNP Short Genetic Variation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/snp_viewTable.cgi?handle=MUSPNEUMONIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda S. Jonczyk
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Simon
- MRC Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saumya Kumar
- MRC Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vitor E. Fernandes
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Sylvius
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Denny
- MRC Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Andrew
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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9
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Kawazoe A, Inubushi T, Miyauchi M, Ishikado A, Tanaka E, Tanne K, Takata T. Orally Administered Liposomal Lactoferrin Inhibits Inflammation-Related Bone Breakdown Without Interrupting Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1454-62. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Foster MW, Thompson JW, Que LG, Yang IV, Schwartz DA, Moseley MA, Marshall HE. Proteomic analysis of human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after subsgemental exposure. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2194-205. [PMID: 23550723 DOI: 10.1021/pr400066g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of airway fluid, as sampled by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), provides a minimally invasive route to interrogate lung biology in health and disease. Here, we used immunodepletion, coupled with gel- and label-free LC-MS/MS, for quantitation of the BAL fluid (BALF) proteome in samples recovered from human subjects following bronchoscopic instillation of saline, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or house dust mite antigen into three distinct lung subsegments. Among more than 200 unique proteins quantified across nine samples, neutrophil granule-derived and acute phase proteins were most highly enriched in the LPS-exposed lobes. Of these, peptidoglycan response protein 1 was validated and confirmed as a novel marker of neutrophilic inflammation. Compared to a prior transcriptomic analysis of airway cells in this same cohort, the BALF proteome revealed a novel set of response factors. Independent of exposure, the enrichment of tracheal-expressed proteins in right lower lung lobes suggests a potential for constitutive intralobar variability in the BALF proteome; sampling of multiple lung subsegments also appears to aid in the identification of protein signatures that differentiate individuals at baseline. Collectively, this proof-of-concept study validates a robust workflow for BALF proteomics and demonstrates the complementary nature of proteomic and genomic techniques for investigating airway (patho)physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Foster
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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11
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Inoue KI, Takano H. Urinary trypsin inhibitor as a therapeutic option for endotoxin-related inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:513-20. [PMID: 20367192 DOI: 10.1517/13543781003649533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), a serine protease inhibitor, has been widely used as a drug for patients with inflammatory disorders such as pancreatitis, shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that serine protease inhibitors may have anti-inflammatory properties at sites of inflammation. However, the therapeutic effects of UTI in vivo remain unclarified, as commercial UTI has been developed to act against humans, with the activity and selectivity toward the relevant animal UTI being less characterized. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW In this review, we introduce the roles of UTI in experimental endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS)-related inflammatory disorders using UTI-deficient (-/-) and corresponding wild-type mice. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Our experiments using genetic approach suggest that endogenous UTI can protect against the systemic inflammatory response and subsequent organ injury induced by LPS, at least partly, through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression, which provide important in vivo evidence and understanding about a protective role of UTI in inflammatory conditions. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Using genetically targeted mice selectively lacking UTI, UTI has been evidenced to provide an attractive 'rescue' therapeutic option for endotoxin-related inflammatory disorders such as DIC, acute lung injury and acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Inoue
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Environmental Health Sciences Division, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
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12
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Zdařilová A, Svobodová AR, Chytilová K, Šimánek V, Ulrichová J. Polyphenolic fraction of Lonicera caerulea L. fruits reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory markers induced by lipopolysaccharide in gingival fibroblasts. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1555-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Gene network analysis to determine the effects of antioxidant treatment in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 42:154-61. [PMID: 20191329 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy can lead to severe brain damage, and is a common cause of neurological handicaps in adulthood. HI can be resolved by the administration of an antioxidant such as 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (MCI-186). In the present study, we performed comprehensive gene expression and gene network analyses using a DNA microarray to elucidate the molecular events responsible for the selective vulnerability of neurons in neonatal HI brain insult and to examine the underlying mechanisms of the effect of MCI-186 on the pathophysiological events in this condition. We used the modified Levine method (Rice model), which has been widely used as an animal model of this condition. A large difference in gene expression was observed between the Rice model and the control group. Up- and downregulated genes after the HI brain insult were mainly related to immune responses and cell death, and neuronal activity, respectively. The effect of MCI-186 administration on gene expression was much less than and contrary to that of the HI brain insult, reflecting the protective effect of MCI-186 in HI brain insult.
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14
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Tsui KH, Tang P, Lin CY, Chang PL, Chang CH, Yung BYM. Bikunin loss in urine as useful marker for bladder carcinoma. J Urol 2010; 183:339-44. [PMID: 19914646 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We searched for bladder tumor markers by analyzing urine samples from patients with bladder cancer and normal individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proteins in urine samples of patients with cancer and normal subjects were systematically examined by 2-dimensional electrophoresis combined with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Of the proteins bikunin expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis and further evaluated. To correlate urinary bikunin levels with clinical significance we examined urine samples from patients with bladder cancer and normal controls for bikunin expression in parallel with pro-urolinase-plasminogen activator, which was previously shown to be associated with advanced bladder carcinoma. RESULTS A significant relationship was established between the low level and absence of bikunin, and pro-urolinase-plasminogen activator in urine samples from patients with bladder tumors. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of urinary proteomes may be a feasible, noninvasive and efficient strategy for searching for potential bladder tumor biomarkers. We identified bikunin loss in urine as a potential bladder carcinoma marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Bioinformatics Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
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15
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Morimoto Y, Kikuchi K, Ito T, Tokuda M, Matsuyama T, Noma S, Hashiguchi T, Torii M, Maruyama I, Kawahara KI. MK615 attenuates Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release via MAPK inactivation in murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389:90-4. [PMID: 19706286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Japanese apricot, known as Ume in Japanese, has been a traditional Japanese medicine for centuries, and is a familiar and commonly consumed food. The health benefits of Ume are now being widely recognized and have been strengthened by recent studies showing that MK615, an extract of compounds from Ume, has strong anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the potential role of MK615 in the periodontal field remains unknown. Here, we found that MK615 significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major etiological agent in localized chronic periodontitis, in murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. MK615 markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK, which is associated with pro-inflammatory mediator release pathways. Moreover, MK615 completely blocked LPS-triggered NF-kappaB activation. The present results suggest that MK615 has potential as a therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Morimoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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16
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Kanayama S, Yamada Y, Onogi A, Shigetomi H, Ueda S, Tsuji Y, Haruta S, Kawaguchi R, Yoshida S, Sakata M, Sado T, Kitanaka T, Oi H, Yagyu T, Kobayashi H. Bikunin suppresses expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide in neutrophils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13:369-76. [PMID: 18182464 DOI: 10.1177/0968051907086464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated neutrophils contribute to the development of preterm delivery. Because of its ability to suppress inflammation, bikunin, a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, is currently in clinical trials. To investigate the molecular mechanism of this inhibition, we analyzed the effect of bikunin on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in mouse neutrophils stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory inducer. Here, we show that bikunin: (i) blocks LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, in a dose-dependent manner; (ii) has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production at a concentration of 0.2 microM, reaching 65% inhibition at the highest doses of bikunin tested (5 microM); (iii) has the suppressive capacity of ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways; and (iv) inhibited sequentially the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha, degradation of IkappaB-alpha, and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. When the MAPK data are analyzed, a significant decrease in phosphorylation is not seen at 0.2 microM bikunin but is at 1.0 microM dosing. Bikunin can inhibit LPS-induced neutrophil activation and cytokine release, although it is unlikely that it works primarily through the inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation. These data suggest that such effects are important in vivo and play a major contributory role in abrogation of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses, such as preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Buhimschi IA, Zhao G, Rosenberg VA, Abdel-Razeq S, Thung S, Buhimschi CS. Multidimensional proteomics analysis of amniotic fluid to provide insight into the mechanisms of idiopathic preterm birth. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2049. [PMID: 18431506 PMCID: PMC2315798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though recent advancement in proteomics has provided a novel perspective on several distinct pathogenetic mechanisms leading to preterm birth (inflammation, bleeding), the etiology of most preterm births still remains elusive. We conducted a multidimensional proteomic analysis of the amniotic fluid to identify pathways related to preterm birth in the absence of inflammation or bleeding. Methodology/Principal Findings A proteomic fingerprint was generated from fresh amniotic fluid using surface-enhanced laser desorbtion ionization time of flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry in a total of 286 consecutive samples retrieved from women who presented with signs or symptoms of preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Inflammation and/or bleeding proteomic patterns were detected in 32% (92/286) of the SELDI tracings. In the remaining tracings, a hierarchical algorithm was applied based on descriptors quantifying similarity/dissimilarity among proteomic fingerprints. This allowed identification of a novel profile (Q-profile) based on the presence of 5 SELDI peaks in the 10–12.5 kDa mass area. Women displaying the Q-profile (mean±SD, gestational age: 25±4 weeks, n = 40) were more likely to deliver preterm despite expectant management in the context of intact membranes and normal amniotic fluid clinical results. Utilizing identification-centered proteomics techniques (fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis, robotic tryptic digestion and mass spectrometry) coupled with Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) ontological classifications, we determined that in amniotic fluids with Q-profile the differentially expressed proteins are primarily involved in non-inflammatory biological processes such as protein metabolism, signal transduction and transport. Conclusion/Significance Proteomic profiling of amniotic fluid coupled with non-hierarchical bioinformatics algorithms identified a subgroup of patients at risk for preterm birth in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation or bleeding, suggesting a novel pathogenetic pathway leading to preterm birth. The altered proteins may offer opportunities for therapeutical intervention and future drug development to prevent prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
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Kanayama S, Yamada Y, Onogi A, Shigetomi H, Ueda S, Tsuji Y, Haruta S, Kawaguchi R, Yoshida S, Sakata M, Sado T, Kitanaka T, Oi H, Yagyu T, Kobayashi H. Molecular structure and function analysis of bikunin on down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in activated neutrophils. Cytokine 2008; 42:191-197. [PMID: 18226914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a detailed molecular analysis of bikunin-mediated anti-inflammation (suppressive effect of cytokine release, MAP kinase activation, and nuclear translocation of NF-kB) using a truncated form of bikunin. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained bikunin derivatives that contained O-glycoside-linked N-terminal glycopeptide (Bik-m1), N-glycoside-linked C-terminal tandem Kunitz domains (Bik-m2), bikunin lacking O-glycoside (Bik-c), asialo bikunin (Bik-a), bikunin lacking N-glycoside (Bik-n), and purified C-terminal Kunitz domain II (kII) of bikunin (HI-8). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot were carried out to measure secreted TNF-alpha and MAP kinase activation. RESULTS We examined the TNF-alpha secretion in control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated neutrophils and did not see any changes of its protein levels in the cells pretreated with Bik-m1, Bik-m2, Bik-c, or HI-8. In all of the derivatives tested, only the derivatives that lacked N-glycoside side chain showed a significant suppression of TNF-alpha secretion by LPS. Only a small (21 amino acids) deletion of the N-terminal portion of bikunin (which corresponds to Bik-m2) abolished its suppressing activity of TNF-alpha secretion, thus suggesting that the N-terminal 21 amino acids play a critical role in anti-inflammation. Bik-m1 alone failed to show anti-inflammatory response. Bikunin failed to inhibit ionomycin-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinases. CONCLUSION These data allow us to conclude that the cytokine expression was inhibited only by the O-glycoside-linked core protein without the N-glycoside side chain. Our results also suggest a possible role of bikunin for receptor-dependent MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Onogi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yoriko Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shoji Haruta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shozo Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mariko Sakata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Oi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yagyu
- NetForce Co., Ltd., Nakamura, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan.
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Minutoli L, Altavilla D, Bitto A, Polito F, Bellocco E, Laganà G, Giuliani D, Fiumara T, Magazù S, Ruggeri P, Guarini S, Squadrito F. THE DISACCHARIDE TREHALOSE INHIBITS PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE ACTIVATION IN MACROPHAGES AND PREVENTS MORTALITY IN EXPERIMENTAL SEPTIC SHOCK. Shock 2007; 27:91-6. [PMID: 17172986 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000235092.76292.bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory phenotype activation in macrophages (MPhis) after sepsis orchestrates an inflammatory response leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Trehalose preserves cell viability during exposure to a range of environmental stresses. We investigated whether trehalose may inhibit endotoxin-induced activation of the inflammatory phenotype in MPhis. Rat peritoneal MPhis were stimulated with 50 microg/mL of Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Stimulated MPhis were coincubated with trehalose (25, 50, and 100 mmol), sucrose (100 mmol), or RPMI alone. Macrophages cultures were used for Western blot analysis of extracellular-regulated kinase, c-jun-N terminal kinase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase; interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and supernatants for measuring the release of inflammatory cytokines and nitrite content. In vitro trehalose significantly blunted LPS-induced extracellular-regulated kinase (LPS = 21 +/- 6 integrated intensity; LPS + trehalose 100 mmol = 2 +/- 0.3 integrated intensity), c-jun-N terminal kinase (LPS = 15 +/- 5 integrated intensity; LPS + trehalose 100 mmol = 3.5 +/- 0.9 integrated intensity), and inducible nitric oxide synthase activation (LPS = 12 +/- 3 integrated intensity; LPS + trehalose 100 mmol = 1 +/- 0.09 integrated intensity), blunted IL-1beta (LPS = 5 +/- 1.9 n-folds/beta-actin; LPS + trehalose 100 mmol = 1.5 +/- 0.8 n-folds/beta-actin), IL-6 (LPS = 4 +/- 1.5 n-folds/beta-actin; LPS + trehalose 100 mmol = 1.4 +/- 0.5 n-folds/beta-actin), and TNF-alpha (LPS = 4.2 +/- 1.6 n-folds/beta-actin; LPS + trehalose 100 mmol = 1.1 +/- 0.7 n-folds/beta-actin) gene expression, and markedly reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines and nitrite content. Furthermore, in vivo trehalose prevented mortality in rats challenged with a lethal dose (20 mg/kg; LD90) of LPS (80% survival rate and 70% survival rate 24 and 72 h after LPS injection, respectively) and reduced serum TNF-alpha. Sucrose did not modified inflammatory phenotype in vitro nor in vivo protected against endotoxin-induced mortality. Our study suggests that trehalose inhibits proinflammatory phenotype activation in MPhis and prevents endotoxin-induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letteria Minutoli
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Kobayashi H, Yoshida R, Kanada Y, Fukuda Y, Yagyu T, Inagaki K, Kondo T, Kurita N, Suzuki M, Kanayama N, Terao T. Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production of gingival fibroblasts by a soybean, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. J Periodontal Res 2005; 40:461-8. [PMID: 16302924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bikunin, a Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor, inhibits inflammation by down-regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in tumor cells and inflammatory cells. OBJECTIVES We analyzed the effect of a soybean-derived Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) on TNF-alpha production in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory inducer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and cytokine levels were monitored using western blot and a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Here, we show (i) a soybean KTI abrogates LPS-induced up-regulation of TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner in gingival fibroblasts, (ii) KTI also blocks the induction of TNF-alpha target molecules interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6 proteins, (iii) inhibition by KTI of TNF-alpha induction correlates with the suppressive capacity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 signaling pathways, implicating repressed ERK1/2 and p38 signalings in the inhibition, and (iv) pretreatment of cells with KTI blocked LPS-induced nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activation. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that KTI inhibits LPS-induced up-regulation of cytokine expression possibly through suppression of ERK1/2 and p38 kinase-mediated NFkappaB activation. These findings may identify anti-inflammatory properties of KTI at the level of gingival fibroblasts and may be relevant to the use of KTI in modulating inflammation, including periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Kobayashi H, Yoshida R, Kanada Y, Fukuda Y, Yagyu T, Inagaki K, Kondo T, Kurita N, Suzuki M, Kanayama N, Terao T. Dietary supplementation of soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality in mouse model. Shock 2005; 23:441-7. [PMID: 15834310 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000160940.16008.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the modifying effects of a Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and a Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor (BBI), purified from soybean, as intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and dietary supplements on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethality in mice. We initially examined the suppressing effects of i.p. injection of KTI (50 mg/kg) and BBI (50 mg/kg) on LPS-induced lethality after i.p. injection of LPS. Furthermore, groups of female C57BL/6 were fed a basal diet (control group) or the basal diet supplemented with KTI (50 g/kg) or BBI (50 g/kg). Here, we show that i.p. and daily oral administration of KTI, but not BBI, caused a significant reduction of the LPS-induced lethality; that LPS significantly induced plasma TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels in mice after LPS challenge; that concomitant administration of KTI, but not BBI, inhibits the LPS-induced plasma levels of these cytokines; and that KTI, but not BBI, suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of cytokine expression through suppression of phosphorylation of three mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, in peritoneal macrophages. These data allow us to speculate that i.p. injection and dietary supplementation of a soybean KTI may play a role as a potent anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting activation of MAP kinases, leading to the suppression of cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
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