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Cecchini S, Rufrano D, Caputo AR. Natural antibodies and their relationship with total immunoglobulins and acquired antibody response in goat kid (Capra hircus, L. 1758) serum. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 211:38-43. [PMID: 31084892 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAb) are antibodies that can bind to a particular antigen without any apparent antigenic stimulation. In this paper, a careful analysis has been carried out on NAb levels in goat kid serum; possible correlations with the total immunoglobulin (tot-Ig) levels and specific antibody (SpAb) response were considered. Twenty randomly chosen kids were submitted to a first blood sampling (day 0). After 60 and 100 days, new blood samplings were carried out in the same animals. On day 0, after blood collection, all animals were immunized with a commercial vaccine; the immunization was repeated 30 days apart. Some exogenous antigens were tested to verify their immunoreactivity to NAb. Among them, the synthetic hapten 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) conjugated with bovine serum albumin, resulted as the antigen with the higher immunoreactivity to NAb. Tot-Ig levels increased over time (p < 0.001). On the contrary, NAb levels, both IgG- and IgM-isotypes, significantly decreased during the experimental period (p < 0.001 and <0.05, respectively). Linear regression analyses showed a high correlation between IgM-NAb and tot-IgM levels (p < 0.001) at all the evaluated sampling times. However, a significant correlation between IgG-NAb and IgM-NAb was found only at the 1st (p < 0.01) and at the 2nd sampling (p < 0.05). No significant correlations were found between SpAb response and the other assessed humoral immune parameters. The obtained results are discussed in the light of the possible use of NAb assessment for the evaluation of the immune system activity in goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cecchini
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - D Rufrano
- Veterinarian Consultant, 84020 Petina SA, Italy
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Denholm SJ, McNeilly TN, Banos G, Coffey MP, Russell GC, Bagnall A, Mitchell MC, Wall E. Immune-associated traits measured in milk of Holstein-Friesian cows as proxies for blood serum measurements. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10248-10258. [PMID: 30172405 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has highlighted that immune-associated (IA) traits measurable in blood are associated with health, productivity, and reproduction in dairy cows. The aim of the present study was to determine relationships between IA traits measured in blood serum and those simultaneously measured in milk as well as their association with disease phenotypes. All animals were Holstein-Friesian cows from the Langhill research herd (n = 546) housed at the SRUC Dairy Research Centre in Scotland. Milk and serum samples were collected on 20 separate occasions between July 2010 and March 2015 and analyzed by ELISA for haptoglobin (Hp), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and natural antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (NAbKLH) and lipopolysaccharide (NAbLPS). Data were analyzed using mixed linear models that included pedigree information. Analyses revealed positive phenotypic correlations between milk and serum NAb (0.59 ≤ r ≤ 0.77), Hp (r = 0.37), and TNF-α (r = 0.12). Milk and serum NAb were also found to have a strong genetic correlation (0.81 ≤ r ≤ 0.94) and were genetically correlated with cow lameness (0.66 and 0.79 for milk NAbKLH and serum NAbLPS, respectively). Clinical mastitis was found to be phenotypically correlated with both milk and serum Hp (0.09 ≤ r ≤ 0.23). Serum Hp was also strongly genetically correlated with other cellular IA traits such as percent NKp46+ (a natural killer cell marker; 0.35) and percent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; -0.90). Similarly, genetic correlations were found to exist between serum TNF-α and percent NKp46+ (0.22), percent PBMC (0.41), and percent lymphocytes (0.47). Excluding serum Hp, all milk and serum IA traits were repeatable, ranging from 0.11 (milk Hp) to 0.43 (serum NAbLPS). Between-animal variation was highest in milk and serum NAb (0.34-0.43) and significant estimates of heritability were also observed in milk and serum NAb (0.17-0.37). Our findings show that certain IA traits, such as NAbKLH and NAbLPS, found in milk and serum are strongly correlated and highlight the potential of using routinely collected milk samples as a less invasive and cost-effective source of informative data for predictive modeling of animal IA traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Denholm
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom.
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Banos
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Mike P Coffey
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - George C Russell
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ainsley Bagnall
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi C Mitchell
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Wall
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
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Natural autoantibodies in Bos taurus calves during the first twelve weeks of life. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 178:70-8. [PMID: 27496745 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Natural autoantibodies (NAAb) have a role in maintaining physiological homeostasis and prevention of infections, and have been found in mammalian species tested so far. Albeit NAAb levels rise with age, little is known about the origin, function, regulation and initiation of NAAb in young animals. The present study addressed the presence of IgM and IgG NAAb binding glutamate dehydrogenase (GD), carbonic anhydrase (CA), myosin (MYO) and transferrin (TRANS) from before drinking colostrum until the first 12 weeks of life in plasma of female calves. In addition, NAAb to these four self-antigens were also measured in colostrum and in plasma of their mothers during three weeks before calving. Titers of NAAb binding GD, CA, MYO and TRANS were detected in plasma of cows before calving, in colostrum, and in plasma of calves before and after drinking of colostrum. Levels of NAAb in colostrum were positively related with levels of NAAb in plasma of cows. Before colostrum intake, levels of NAAb in plasma of calves were not related with levels of NAAb in plasma of their mother but were influenced by parity of their mother. After colostrum intake, levels of NAAb in plasma of calves in the first week of life were positively related with levels of NAAb in colostrum. Low NAAb levels in colostrum were related with low NAAb in plasma of calves in the first week of life, but after two weeks of life the relation between colostrum and plasma of calves was absent. In conclusion, NAAb are already present in the unborn calf, and levels of neonatal NAAb during the early weeks of life are affected by levels of maternal NAAb obtained via colostrum.
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Cecchini S, Rossetti M, Tomaso FD, Caputo AR. Evaluation of the effects of dexamethasone-induced stress on levels of natural antibodies in immunized laying hens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 177:35-41. [PMID: 27436442 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAb) are an important humoral component of innate immunity, playing a pivotal role as first line of defence against pathogens even without prior antigen-specific activation or antigen-driven selection. The levels of NAb in plasma of young laying hens were explored in more detail and identified 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin (TNP-BSA), as the non-self antigen showing the highest levels of IgΥ- and IgM-NAb. Subsequently, the relation between specific antibody (SpAb) levels and NAb levels, and the effect of dexamethasone (DEX)-induced stress on the acquired Ab response and on NAb levels were examined. According to obtained results, the affinity of NAb and SpAb, measured using the thiocyanate elution method, resulted higher in SpAb than in NAb. After stress induction, IgM-NAb and SpAb levels showed a transient decrease, whereas the levels of IgΥ-NAb were not changed. Moreover, statistical analysis showed positive correlations between IgΥ- and IgM-NAb levels and between IgM-NAb and SpAb levels that are lost as stress has been induced, whereas no correlation was observed between IgΥ-NAb and SpAb levels, neither before nor after the DEX-administration. This indicates that IgM-NAb assessment could be a valid tool to estimate the potential of the acquired Ab response and that the dexamethasone-induced stress condition causes depression of IgM-NAb levels and the acquired Ab response, but it has no evaluable effects on IgΥ-NAb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cecchini
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Michele Rossetti
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Tomaso
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Mayasari N, Rijks W, de Vries Reilingh G, Remmelink GJ, Ducro B, Kemp B, Parmentier HK, Van Knegsel ATM. The effects of dry period length and dietary energy source on natural antibody titers and mammary health in dairy cows. Prev Vet Med 2016; 127:1-9. [PMID: 27094133 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In earlier studies, natural antibodies (NAb) were related not only to the energy balance (EB) of dairy cows, but also to somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis (CM). The first objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of dry period length and dietary energy source on titers of NAb binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma and milk, SCC and CM occurrence in dairy cows in two subsequent lactations. Our second objective was to study the relationship between NAb levels and mammary health. Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (N=167) were randomly assigned to three dry period lengths (0, 30 or 60-d) and two early lactation rations (glucogenic or lipogenic). Treatments were repeated during two subsequent lactations (years 1 and 2). In year 2, 19 cows which were planned to have 0-d dry period dried off naturally and were assigned to an additional group 0→30-d dry period. In year 1, cows with a 0-d dry period had a higher SCC, a higher titer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding LPS in plasma, and higher titers of IgG and IgM binding KLH and LPS in milk compared with cows with a 30-d or 60-d dry period. In year 2, cows with a 60-d dry period had a lower SCC than cows with a 30-d and 0→30-d dry periods. In year 2, dry period length did not affect NAb titers in plasma or milk. The CM occurrence was 17 percent in year 1 of the experiment and 25 percent in year 2, and did not differ according to dry period lengths or rations. For both years, an increasing titer of IgG binding LPS in plasma was associated with decreased odds of a high SCC and decreased odds of CM occurrence. Also up to three weeks before the CM occurrence, an increasing titer of IgM binding KLH and LPS in plasma was associated with a decreased odds of CM occurrence. In conclusion, omitting the dry period increased SCC, NAb titers in milk and IgG binding LPS in plasma compared with a short (30-d) or conventional (60-d) dry period. The effects on NAb titers, however, were only present in the first year after omitting the dry period and disappeared after repeated omitting the dry period. Moreover, an increasing titer of IgG binding LPS in plasma was associated with decreased odds of high SCC and CM occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mayasari
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - W Rijks
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G de Vries Reilingh
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G J Remmelink
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Ducro
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A T M Van Knegsel
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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de Klerk B, Ducro B, Heuven H, den Uyl I, van Arendonk J, Parmentier H, van der Poel J. Phenotypic and genetic relationships of bovine natural antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin in plasma and milk. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:2746-52. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Mayasari N, de Vries Reilingh G, Nieuwland MGB, Remmelink GJ, Parmentier HK, Kemp B, van Knegsel ATM. Effect of maternal dry period length on colostrum immunoglobulin content and on natural and specific antibody titers in calves. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3969-79. [PMID: 25828658 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to study the effect of dry period length in dairy cows on immunoglobulin content and natural antibodies (NAb) titers in colostrum, growth, and plasma natural and specific antibody titers in plasma of calves. Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n=167) were randomly assigned to 3 dry period lengths (0, 30, or 60 d). Colostrum production, concentration of colostrum IgG and IgM, and titers of NAb (isotypes IgG and IgM) binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and human serum albumin (HuSA) in colostrum were measured. Female calves were immunized with both KLH and HuSA at wk 6 and 10 of life. Titers of NAb and specific antibody (SpAb) for isotypes IgG, IgM, and total immunoglobulin (IgT) binding KLH or HuSA were determined in plasma of female calves. Primary and secondary antibody responses to KLH or HuSA from wk 6 and 10 were expressed as the increase in antibody titers to wk 10 and 11 of life after primary and secondary challenges, respectively. Pregnancy length for cows with a 0-d dry period was 3d shorter compared with cows with a 30- or 60-d dry period. Birth weight of calves from cows with a 0-d dry period was lower compared with calves from cows with a 30-d dry period. Growth of calves until 12 wk of life was not affected by dry period length. Colostrum production and IgG and IgM concentration in colostrum were lower for cows with a 0-d dry period than a 60-d dry period. Natural IgG and IgM titers binding KLH or HuSA were lower in colostrum from cows with a 0-d dry period compared with cows with a 60-d dry period. Natural antibody titers (IgG, IgM, and IgT) binding KLH or HuSA in plasma were lower during the first 2 wk of life for calves from cows with a 0-d dry period compared with calves from cows with a 30- or 60-d dry period. After primary and secondary immunization of calves with KLH and HuSA, SpAb titers of calves were not affected by dry period length. After secondary immunization, the response of IgG and IgT binding KLH was higher in plasma of calves from cows with a 0-d dry period. The results of this study demonstrate that, although omission of the dry period of dairy cows leads to lower plasma NAb titers in calves during the first 2 wk of life, SpAb titers in calves were not affected and even the secondary antibody responses were enhanced compared with calves from cows with a 30- or 60-d dry period.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mayasari
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, 3636, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - G de Vries Reilingh
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M G B Nieuwland
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G J Remmelink
- Livestock Research, Wageningen Un iversity and Research Centre, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A T M van Knegsel
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Yeast supplementation alters the performance and health status of receiving cattle11Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA.22The USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.33Supported in part by Lesaffre Feed Additives, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Gordon W. Davis Regent’s Chair in Meat and Muscle Biology Endowment at Texas Tech University also provided funding to support this research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Giang DTH, Van Driessche E, Beeckmans S. Serum carbohydrate-binding IgM are present in Vietnamese striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) but not in North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:418-432. [PMID: 21911003 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus serum was fractionated by affinity chromatography on 12 different Sepharose-carbohydrate columns and proteins eluted by the corresponding sugar. Binding to the affinity matrices is dependent on Ca(2+) ions. Upon gel filtration using Superose-12, essentially one fraction was obtained, eluting as a protein with a molecular mass of about 900 kDa. SDS-PAGE in reducing conditions revealed the presence of large (72 kDa) subunits (H-chains) and one up to three small (24, 26 and/or 28-29 kDa) subunits (L-chains). The isolated proteins were shown to be IgM since they bind monoclonal anti-P. hypophthalmus IgM antibodies. Rabbit polyclonal anti-galactose-binding IgM only cross-react with some sugar-binding IgM. The H-chains of the anti-carbohydrate IgM are glycosylated. Circular dichroism studies revealed that the IgMs have an "all-β" type of structure, and that Ca(2+) ions, though essential for carbohydrate-binding activity, are not required for the structural integrity of the molecules. In non-reducing SDS-PAGE, only monomers and halfmers were obtained, showing that there are no disulfide bonds linking the monomers, and that a disulfide bond connecting both H-chains within one monomer is only present in 45% of the molecules. Both the monomers and the halfmers display molecular mass heterogeneity which is indicative for redox forms at the level of the intradomain disulfide bonds. The native carbohydrate-binding IgMs agglutinate erythrocytes from different animals, as well as fish pathogenic bacteria. Similar proteins could not be isolated from another catfish, Clarias gariepinus.
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Ploegaert TCW, Tijhaar E, Lam TJGM, Taverne-Thiele A, van der Poel JJ, van Arendonk JAM, Savelkoul HFJ, Parmentier HK. Natural antibodies in bovine milk and blood plasma: variability among cows, repeatability within cows, and relation between milk and plasma titers. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:88-94. [PMID: 21839523 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity plays an important role in preventing (barrier function) or combating infection (effector function). An important humoral component of innate immunity is formed by natural antibodies (NAb). The objectives of this study were to determine presence, variation among cows and repeatability within cows over time of total NAb titers directed to the pathogen-associated molecular patterns lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan, and titers of NAb directed to the glycoprotein keyhole limpet hemocyanin in milk and plasma of individual cows. Furthermore in milk the antibody isotypes IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA binding LTA were analyzed. Ten milk and blood samples were obtained from each of 20 clinically healthy dairy cows from first to seventh parity during a period of 3 weeks. Total NAb binding lipopolysaccharide, LTA, peptidoglycan, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin were detected in milk and plasma, with titers considerably higher in plasma than in milk. Total NAb titers showed significant variation among cows, and repeatability within cows over time (ranging from 0.60 to 0.93). Titers of NAb in milk and plasma were positively correlated (correlation ranging from 0.69 to 0.91). Natural antibodies in milk binding LTA were of all 4 isotypes tested, although IgG2 was on average only present at low titers. All 4 isotypes in milk binding LTA also showed variation among cows, and repeatability within cows over time (ranging from 0.84 to 0.92). We conclude that NAb can be measured in a consistent and repeatable manner in bovine milk and blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C W Ploegaert
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Ploegaert T, Wijga S, Tijhaar E, van der Poel J, Lam T, Savelkoul H, Parmentier H, van Arendonk J. Genetic variation of natural antibodies in milk of Dutch Holstein-Friesian cows. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:5467-73. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Provenza F, Villalba J. The role of natural plant products in modulating the immune system: An adaptable approach for combating disease in grazing animals. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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van Knegsel A, de Vries Reilingh G, Meulenberg S, van den Brand H, Dijkstra J, Kemp B, Parmentier H. Natural Antibodies Related to Energy Balance in Early Lactation Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:5490-8. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kachamakova NM, Irnazarow I, Parmentier HK, Savelkoul HFJ, Pilarczyk A, Wiegertjes GF. Genetic differences in natural antibody levels in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 21:404-13. [PMID: 16545579 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, natural antibodies (Nabs) are mostly of the IgM isotype and can bind to a particular antigen or pathogen even if the host has never been exposed. Despite their early detection and abundance, the exact role and genetic control of Nabs remain unclear. We have used an indirect ELISA with three different antigens (keyhole limpet haemocyanin, chicken ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin) to demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of Nabs in common carp. Serum levels of Nabs increased with age, i.e. 10-month-old fish showed higher levels than 4-month-old fish. Also, fish grown in earth ponds showed higher levels of Nabs than fish grown in a clean environment of UV-treated water. Furthermore, we show that Nabs are present in different levels in the serum of carp lines with a different genetic background, suggestive of a genetic control. These genetic differences were independent of antigen, age and environment. Genetic differences in levels of Nabs could not unequivocally be related to differences in survival under farmed conditions. The possibilities for using levels of Nabs as marker criterion for selection for genetic disease resistance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli M Kachamakova
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture, Gołysz, 43-520 Chybie, Poland
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Franklin ST, Newman MC, Newman KE, Meek KI. Immune parameters of dry cows fed mannan oligosaccharide and subsequent transfer of immunity to calves. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:766-75. [PMID: 15653543 PMCID: PMC7190086 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) to cows during the last 3 wk of the dry period on immune function of the cows and subsequent transfer of passive immunity to their calves. Indicators of nonspecific and specific immunity were evaluated. Cows were vaccinated against rotavirus at 4 and 2 wk before expected parturition. Blood samples were obtained from cows before vaccination and at weekly intervals until calving and from calves at birth and 24 h for analysis of serum protein concentrations, packed cell volume, white blood cell counts, white blood cell differentials, and serum rotavirus neutralization titers. Colostrum quantity and quality were measured at calving, and immunoglobulin isotype concentrations in colostrum were determined. Specific immunity was enhanced by MOS supplementation as evidenced by greater serum rotavirus neutralization titers at calving in cows supplemented with MOS compared with control cows. Colostral rotavirus neutralization titers were not affected by treatment. Although numerical differences appeared large, there was a high degree of variability in the colostral rotavirus neutralization titers. Calves from cows fed MOS tended to have greater serum rotavirus neutralization titers compared with calves from cows fed the control diet. There was a tendency for greater increases in serum protein concentrations from birth to 24 h in calves from cows fed MOS compared with calves from cows fed the control diet. Results indicate that supplementation of MOS to cows during the dry period enhanced their immune response to rotavirus and tended to enhance the subsequent transfer of rotavirus antibodies to calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Franklin
- Animal Sciences Department University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0215, USA.
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Konrad A, Rütten C, Flogerzi B, Styner M, Göke B, Seibold F. Immune sensitization to yeast antigens in ASCA-positive patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004; 10:97-105. [PMID: 15168808 DOI: 10.1097/00054725-200403000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alimentary antigens may play a role in the perpetuation of inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD). Yeast antigens are widespread components of food. A proportion of CD patients develop antibodies against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA), but little is known about the cellular immune reactivity against food antigens in antibody-positive and -negative patients. METHODS Lymphocytes from patients with CD, ulcerative colitis, and healthy controls were tested for their proliferative response after stimulation with the yeast antigen mannan and ovalbumin. The cellular phenotypes and activation markers were analyzed via FACS. Cytokine concentrations and antibody titers were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Only lymphocytes of ASCA-positive patients with CD proliferated after stimulation with mannan. These lymphocytes expressed increased activation markers (CD25, CD69). Activation of T cells was mediated by antigen-presenting cells and was associated with increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels. The immune reactivity to ovalbumin was predominantly found in CD patients. It was weaker compared with mannan, independent of ASCA status, and also present in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS A disturbed humoral and cellular response to the yeast antigen mannan is specifically seen in a subgroup of CD patients. This phenomenon may be due to a loss of tolerance toward yeast and is possibly genetically determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Konrad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Switzerland
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Ni Y, Powell R, Turner DD, Tizard I. Specificity and prevalence of natural bovine anti-alpha galactosyl (Galalpha1-6Glc or Galalpha1-6Gal) antibodies. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2000; 7:490-6. [PMID: 10799466 PMCID: PMC95899 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.7.3.490-496.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunity against the carbohydrate components of microorganisms mediated by antibodies is an important part of host defenses. Humans and closely related primates, but not other mammals, possess natural anti-Galalpha1-3Gal antibodies which also, although less avidly, react with melibiose (Galalpha1-6Glc). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with melibiose-bovine serum albumin as an antigen, we analyzed bovine anti-alpha galactosyl antibodies with respect to specificity and distribution in individual animals. Inhibition assays showed that melibiose was the strongest inhibitor, followed equally by stachyose (Galalpha1-6Galalpha1-6Glcbeta1-2Fru) and raffinose (Galalpha1-6Glcbeta1-2Fru) and then by Galbeta1-6Gal, Gal, and Galalpha1-2Gal. Others, including Galalpha1-3Gal and Galalpha1-4Gal, only exhibited minor inhibition. Thus, these bovine anti-alpha galactosyl antibodies appeared to preferentially react with Galalpha1-6Glc or Galalpha1-6Gal. The distinction of this specificity from that (Galalpha1-3Gal) of human antibodies was further demonstrated by the poor reaction of bovine serum to the Galalpha1-3Gal antigen in comparison to human serum. All 27 healthy bovine serum samples of the three age groups (newborn, calf, and adult) tested contained such antibodies with titers increasing with age. The antibodies purified by affinity chromatography using a melibiose-agarose column were mainly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype with a concentration of >23 microg/ml in most samples. IgG1 was found to be the primary antimelibiose IgG isotype in all age groups by isotype-specific ELISA, but a significant increase in IgG2, an isotype more related to innate immunity, was observed in calves and adults, compared to newborns. The purified antibodies reacted with the type II bovine strain of Streptococcus agalactiae, a common pathogen of bovine mastitis. Thus, these anti-Galalpha1-6Glc or Galalpha1-6Gal antibodies in cattle might be involved in defense against microbes bearing this or the related epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ni
- Carrington Laboratories Inc., Irving, Texas 75062, USA.
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