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Chronic Hepatitis B, C, and D. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 4. [PMID: 27726758 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.dmih2-0025-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B, C, and D virus infections contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised individuals. To contextualize discussion of these infections in immunocompromised patients, this paper provides an overview of aspects of infection in normal hosts. It then describes differences in disease, diagnostic testing, and therapeutic management observed in immunocompromised patients.
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Pokorska-Śpiewak M, Kowalik-Mikołajewska B, Aniszewska M, Walewska-Zielecka B, Marczyńska M. The influence of hepatitis B and C virus coinfection on liver histopathology in children. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:345-53. [PMID: 25172445 PMCID: PMC4334106 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on liver histology in children remains unknown. We analyzed histopathological features in 70 treatment-naïve children: 10 with HBV/HCV coinfection (case group A), 30 with HBV (control group B), and 30 with HCV (control group C). Liver biopsies were scored for grading and staging according to Knodell's modified system and were tested for an association with demographic and laboratory data. The mean grade was higher in coinfected children compared to control group C (6.2 ± 3.0 vs. 4.2 ± 2.5, p = 0.04), but not control group B (p = 0.47). A higher proportion of patients with moderate to severe necroinflammation were observed in case group A compared to isolated HCV (p = 0.05). Mean staging did not differ between the case and control groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that HBV/HCV coinfection and aminotransferase activity were independently associated with moderate to severe necroinflammatory activity Conclusion: HBV/HCV coinfection was associated with moderate to severe necroinflammation irrespective of age at biopsy or duration of infection and led to significantly higher necroinflammatory activity than HCV monoinfection. HBV/HCV coinfection did not enhance fibrosis. High aminotransferase levels were positively associated with moderate to severe necroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pokorska-Śpiewak
- Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Wolska 37, 01-201, Warsaw, Poland,
| | - Barbara Kowalik-Mikołajewska
- Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Wolska 37, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland ,Warsaw Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Aniszewska
- Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Wolska 37, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland ,Warsaw Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Marczyńska
- Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Wolska 37, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland ,Warsaw Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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Mansouri N, Movafagh A, Sayad A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Darvish H, Zare-Abdollahi D, Emamalizadeh B, Shahvaisizadeh F, Ghaedi H, Bastami M, Kayyal M, Hashemi M, Heidari MH, Nejatizadeh A, Zamani M. Hepatitis B virus infection in patients with blood disorders: a concise review in pediatric study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY 2014; 4:178-87. [PMID: 25598959 PMCID: PMC4293518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Childhood Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes both medical and public health challenges. Infants who acquire HBV parentally have up to 90% risk of developing chronic HBV infection. It is now estimated that approximately 10% of worldwide cancers are attributable to viral infection, with the vast majority (>85 %) occurring in the developing world. In this distribution, elevated rate and prevalence of HBV marker have been found in patients with malignancies as compared to the general population. By reviewing the web-based search for all Persian and English types of scientific peer review published articles initiated using Iran Medex, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL and other pertinent references on websites about HBV and HCV blood disorders. The high prevalence of HBV and HCV infective markers was detected in patients with different malignancies. Moreover, identification of high prevalence of HBV infective markers in leukemia patients proposed strong association between hepatitis viral infections and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mansouri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Movafagh A PhD, Department of Medical Genetics, Pediatric Neurology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - H Darvish
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - D Zare-Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - B Emamalizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - F Shahvaisizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - H Ghaedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Bastami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Kayyal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - MH Heidari
- Department of Medical Anatomy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Nejatizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - M Zamani
- Department of Neurogenetics, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran, Iran. ,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jovanović N, Janić D, Dokmanović L, Skorić D, Lazić J. [Frequency and characteristics of hepatitis B infection in children with malignant diseases]. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2006; 133:353-7. [PMID: 16623259 DOI: 10.2298/sarh0508353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B, a complication of blood transfusion or other means of transmission, occurs with variable frequency in children with malignant diseases. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of hepatitis B virus infection in children with malignant diseases, to investigate the clinical course of the illness, and to analyse the influence of hepatitis on cytotoxic treatment. METHOD The study included children diagnosed and treated for malignant diseases at the University Children's Hospital in Belgrade from 1997 to 2003. HBs Ag was analysed in all patients who had elevated transaminases of twice normal value, in children who had icterus, and in one group of patients treated routinely after 2001 before, during, and after therapy. RESULTS A total of 137 male and 107 female children who had malignancies were treated. From 113 children who were evaluated for the presence of HBs Ag at the beginning of treatment, 2 (1.7%) were HBsAg+. In this group of patients HBsAg was tested in 58 (51%) children during and after chemotherapy, and HBsAg was discovered in 17 (29%) of them. Of 123 children, in whom HBsAg was not tested at the beginning of their illness, 36 (55%) out of 66 (51%) tested patients were HBsAg+. No statistical difference between those two groups of patients was ascertained (chi2 = 3.27, p > 0.05). In summary, the presence of HBsAg was discovered in 53 patients, 22% out of 244 patients and 43% of tested patients. Nine patients had the icteric form of illness, with one case proving fatal due to fulminating hepatitis. CONCLUSION Taking into consideration the uncertain long-term prognoses of these patients, follow-up and treatment is essential.
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